Tree Service Canada Magazine Issue # 32 Spring 2015

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T H E V O I C E O F C A N A D A ' S T R E E S E R V I C E S I N D U S T R Y

RESEARCH

Enter on page 12

INSIDEDescendants of Vimy oaks to be brought back for centennial .................................................. 3

TECHNIQUES: Riding the hook ............................................10

continued on page 5

FUTURIST IC

ASSETS

Cut t ing edgeinnovat ionsince 1689.

Drought tolerance studies continueMarine algal extract may help seedling root systems

BY PAT K E R R

Joanne MacDonald with Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) in Atlantic Canada is continuing her trials to increase drought tolerance in transplants using marine algal extract (MAE). Her work is primarily for forestry applications where irrigation is not an option. It is hoped when the studies are complete they will also assist urban forestry where watering is sometimes not done by landowners.

BY S H I R L E Y BY E R S

Equipment is probably the biggest investment arbor-ists will make in their business. Tree Service Canada asked arborists Dave Lutes, Paul Saindon and Keith Schultz how they managed that important aspect of their business. Owner of Treewise in Winnipeg, Dave Lutes has owned his own tree service company for 14 years. He worked for other arborists for 10 years before going into business for himself.

Dave replaces his equipment on a “as needs” basis. If the cost of keeping old equipment is going to be higher than buying new he’ll start looking for new. He changed his service vehicle three times in the last ten years. “Appearance is important too,” he says, but adds that a truck doesn’t have to be brand new to look good and convey an impression of professionalism and reliability. He does have a fund for equipment replacement

You got to know when to hold ‘em Canadian arborists share their thoughts on equipment replacement

continued on page 4

By current estimates, 26 billion trees are burned or cut down on the planet every year, while just 15 billion are planted. A significant and troubling shortfall. A U.K. based tech company, Bio-Carbon En-gineering, has a plan to reverse this trend using unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs, also commonly referred to as “drones”). In a typical project, the company envisions the drones first flying above the area under consideration for reforestation, and surveying it. With the data the drones collect, detailed 3-D maps can be made which will help determine whether or not the land is suitable, as well as the best planting strategies.

If it is decided to proceed with planting, drones outfitted with miniature air powered canons will then fly a few metres above the ground, firing “seed pods” at a velocity sufficient to penetrate the soil.

The pods, made of biodegradable material, con-tain a germinated seed surrounded by a nutritious and protective gel, increasing the chances for the tree to grow and survive. The company, headed up by a former NASA engi-neer, estimates that its drones will be able to plant at a rate of 10 trees per minute — a significant increase over the average human planter.

~Shirley Byers

Former NASA engineer proposes to plant trees with drones

Aerial Reforestation?

Not only will drones be used to survey forests, but they may be used to actually reforest areas as well.

Drought-resistance in chokecherries is being improved with the application of marine algae extract to seedlings.

Page 2 TREE SERVICE CANADA SPRING 2015

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Page 3TREE SERVICE CANADA SPRING 2015

NEWS

Trees are a symbol of life and in the midst of death, at the Battle of Vimy Ridge, a young Canadian soldier chose to send home as a souve-nir, a handful of acorns from a blown-out English oak on the battle-field. When WWI was over, Leslie Miller planted the acorns in an orchard he ran in Scarborough. Ninety-eight years later those tiny acorns have grown into 10 magnificent oak trees each standing more than nine metres tall. Miller died in 1979 at the age of 90, but Monty McDonald, a long-time friend, visited Vimy Ridge in 2004 and learned that all of the oaks there had been destroyed in the battle. Every single one. From spending time with Miller he knew about the oaks back in Scarborough and he started thinking about taking some of those trees, back to where they were born as acorns. And what more appropriate time than 2017, the anniversary of the Battle of Vimy Ridge?

NVK Connon Nursery agreed to volunteer their time and expertise for the project, says Andre Barbour, propagator, because, “The whole history of Vimy Ridge was a pivotal turning point in Canadian history. It is an awesome legacy project.”

The program with its numerous supporters had a delay getting started. Although netting was installed in the trees to collect the seed, Miller’s English oak trees produced only one viable acorn in the last few years due to multiple weather issues including drought, frost, and the ice storm. But one seed did germinate and it has sprouted. There is no decision on what will be done with it but considerations include raffling it off as a fund raiser for the Vimy Ridge Foundation. Meanwhile, to bring Vimy oaks back to Vimy, the nursery has grafted about 1,000 English oak seedlings with scion wood that was collected from Miller’s trees by two volunteer arborists from Toronto. They were wrapped with grafting elastic and are now receiving bot-tom heat in a high humidity tent. They are being monitored for fungal issues.

The goal is to plant one 100cm grafted seedling, to represent each of the 120 Canadian regiments that were in the battle for the anniversary in 2017, on Vimy Ridge.

The trees, being grown in a soilless media, will be inspected by CFIA and all regulations and guidelines will be followed to avoid disease transfer. Life salvaged from a battlefield will be returned to restore it once again.

~Shirley Byers and Pat Kerr

Trees across the ocean

Descendants of Vimy oaks to be brought back for centennial

HISTORY

The goal of the project is to bring Vimy oaks back to Vimy.

Three tree service companies in close proximity in the area of Greensboro, North Carolina. U.S. have found themselves on the Better Business Bureau’s 2014 Dirty Dozen list of companies with the most unanswered or unresolved complaints. Big Al and Sons Tree Service racked up 21 complaints, Nature Boyz has five unanswered complaints and Team Real Tree (also answering to the name of Trees Be Gone) has four unanswered or unresolved complaints. One client says he hired Big Al and Sons Tree Service to remove a tree that fell during the 2014 ice storm. The price quoted, according to the cli-ent, was $100. Came the dawn, and the invoice, and the price was $800. Client was not pleased but since he had not obtained a written contract he paid the bill.

Other complainants say they paid the company for a job but the company didn’t finish the work, they didn’t respond to phone calls and they didn’t call back.It was the same story with the other two tree service companies on the list. A grim reminder of how not to do business. FYI: The Better Business Bureau offers its fol-lowers this list of red flags to look for when hiring someone to do work:The company goes door to door looking for work. The company won’t give you a written contract.The company wants more than 30 percent of the money up front.

~Shirley Byers

BAD BUSINE SS

A cautionary taleHow not to be in tree service


COVE R

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but sometimes it gets dipped into if there’s a more pressing need. If he only needs a certain piece of equipment for a day or two he might lease it for $100 or $200 a day. A seasoned climber, Dave might make an arrangement whereby he would climb a tree or two for the use of another arborist’s chipper. “Bartering is often done be-tween contractors,” he says. Paul Saindon, Your Tree Doctor in Calgary, Alberta, has been in business for 33 years. He started his career with his father in Quebec when he was 15 years old. “We buy more equipment when we need it,” he says. “Don’t buy it if you’re not sure you will need it. You don’t want your money sitting in the yard.” As to when equipment is replaced, Paul says he goes with the advice of his mechanic. When buying equipment he usually opts for a lease that can be bought out at its end. “When you go with the lease you can write off the whole amount. And sometimes I will buy used equipment at the auction if we get a good deal. “ In Abbotsford, B.C. Keith Schultz of Highland Tree Service says that he started out with older equipment and encountered some problems. “There were lots of breakdowns. I was constantly fixing equipment.” After about five or six years he rented a bucket truck. This was costing $5500 per month. After ten months of this he switched to another company and leased a truck for $2500 per month. This was in 2004 and he still has that truck. It took ten years to pay it off. He leased for five years then bought out the lease for $35,000. The recession of 2008/2009 necessitated renegotiating the payments down to $1100 per month. He got into Kubota because of their five year, zero per cent financing for their track machine. Because the Japanese yen was most comparable with the Canadian dollar at that time it made for a sweeter deal he says. Today Keith does a combination of buying and leasing but he’s stopped buying older equipment. He reasons that if you buy new and take care of it you’ll have reliable equip-ment with a high resale value. He doesn’t deal with the bank but prefers to finance at the dealership. After living and working in an area for 17 years you get to know where to go to get good equipment and good deals, he says.

You got to know when to hold ‘emcontinued from cover

“You don’t want your money sitting in the yard.”


RESEARCH PROJECTS

Chokecherries are being tested by NRCan with MAE as they are important in restoring ecological function after industrial activities on forested landscapes, such as mining. Chokecherry’s “capacity for vegetative reproduction from the root system permits rapid site occupancy. For this reason, choke cherry is used to re-vegetate sites.”MacDonald says.

“The goal of this study is to use marine algal extract (MAE) to increase seedling root-system quality during nursery culture and thus root growth after planting, thereby increasing seedling survival on poor and dry sites. Nurseries report difficulty in rooting of peat plugs and reclamation specialists report reduced survival. Building on earlier experience with conifer seedlings, trials to determine the rate, frequency, and timing of the MAE application during nursery culture of choke cherry seedlings started in March 2014 at Natural Resources Canada.”

A NRCan report said, “Trials are going well but it is exploratory research taking many iterations (repetitions.) Joanne MacDonald and the technician have used innovative thinking, learned by trial and error and drawn on experience gained over their careers. They’ve developed a screening protocol that is capable of quickly assessing the rooting of seedlings. At the same time, they were developing the protocol they finished two trials to screen for the optimal MAE rate.

Now, they’re in their third iteration and they’ll have more knowledge about optimal rates. Because there are no published cultural regimes for choke cherry, the research team also needed to learn how to grow them so they could test timing and frequency of application. After four trials, they now know how to grow them. The research team will also assess rooting at the end of one growing season in a common garden at the Northern Forestry Centre (Edmonton). The next stage is the commercial nursery trial.”In addition, “a range of MAE rates was applied to white spruce and lodgepole pine seedlings last August/September at the commercial nursery.” On a related theme, and at the same time, scientists studying water-related problems in agriculture are finding success with Mycorrhizal fungi. It has shown to be a cost effective treatment in high value agriculture operations to increase drought tolerance.

NRCan has stated that mycorrhizal fungi, “is less effective in forest applications, particularly as necessary mycorrhizal fungi associated with tree species are often already present on forestry sites where reforestation will occur.”

Test results should be available this summer.However, without testing specifically for urban sites it could

be challenging for urban planners to choose whether mycorrhizal fungi or MAE is best for a specific site and specific tree. Since one is applied in the greenhouse and the other at planting and they have completely different actions there is no information on what could happen if both are used.

Drought tolerance studies continue continued from cover

“The goal of this study is to use marine algal extract (MAE) to increase seedling root-system quality during nursery culture and thus root growth after planting, thereby increasing seedling survival on poor and dry sites.

BY PAT K E R R

Adam Dale, Advisory Director with the Canadian Chestnut Council (CCC) and chestnut breeder, says they are on track to have a disease-resistant American chestnut by 2020. They are working to return the chestnut to our forests and wild places as a majestic, mature canopy tree. This translates to a potential release date in 2023.

Ninety-nine point nine percent of American chestnuts were killed about a century ago. Some survived as root sprouts and suckers but only a few are canopy trees today.

In 1999, the group obtained pollen from Connecticut and pollinated surviving Ontario chestnuts. From the 20 trees pollinated, 1,500 seedlings were planted. These were inoculated with a fungus starting in 2008. The best survivors were selected, and crossed. The resulting seed produced 10,000 seedlings that were out planted at two locations in Alymer and St. George. (They later expanded to a third location.) Inoculations of the fungus have started in this second group. They expect to find an extreme selection of trees that should show from very resistant to poor resistance.

Dale says, assuming all goes well, they will again

select the best and cross these in 2018.Chair of the Chestnut Council, Ron Casier said,

“We are now seeing greater success with Canadian American chestnuts crossed with Canadian. We have 26 family lines but we want 40. We don’t want to produce hybrids even the pollen from Connecticut was 5th generation back crossed.”

At this point, the program is so positive they are also selecting for the largest nuts with the idea some could eventually be used once again in Ontario agriculture. They have also developed plans for grafting and propagation.

They are currently grafting in year one and taking a cutting for rooting in year two as only young chestnut material will root.

The group is always looking for volunteers to help with the diverse tasks including: collecting pollen, pollinating, inoculating with the fungus and planting and they welcome school groups. Tim Horton’s groups are one of their main sources for volunteers.

The CCC is funded by MNR and Trillium. They are a charitable organization and welcome all donations. Check the web site or their Facebook page for program dates. http://www.canadianchestnutcouncil.ca/

On track to produce resistant Chestnut by 2020

Researchers are on track to have a disease-resistant American chestnut by 2020.

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RESEARCH

Moving an endangered ChestnutMoving an endangered chestnut is all in a day’s work for Jan Veldhuizen of Oxford Insta-Shade, in Woodstock. The company has been in business for 30 years and has four different sized spades from one that digs a 40 inch root ball weighing 1,200 lbs to their large spade digs a 100 inch root ball weighing 17,000lbs.

Veldhuizen explained, “Roots will only go where there is oxygen and water. They need oxygen to survive. There is not much oxygen below 12 to 18 inches. Ninety percent of all roots are in the top 6 to 12 inches. Some soils have more oxygen like loose sandy soils but heavy clay seldom has oxygen at any depth.”

“People often plant trees and enjoy them for 10 years then someone else gets the problem. Everyone plants small trees. They don’t realize they get big. The people who plant usually don’t have the problem.”

The wild chestnut was 18 feet growing in a hydro corridor. The parent tree was cut in 2001 as the branches were entangled in the hydro lines.

Ron Casier of the Chestnut Council said it was a joint effort. Insta-Shade reduced their price by 50%, Ontario Hydro paid 50%, the Chestnut Council paid the taxes, and the land owner provided the new location and watered the tree until freeze up.

Veldhuizen said, “It was not a big deal. It took only about one hour. Our big truck couldn’t get into the site so the smallest truck was used. It is a worthy cause. We want to do our part.”

Developing a resistant beechOne hundred years ago the Acadian forest in PEI was 90% beech. Today, this majestic mast species is a memory as only 1% of the beech survived the invasive beech bark complex, BBD. The remaining trees fell to what is termed beech snap and resprouted from the root only to succumb to the disease again before maturity could be reached. Today, these are scrubby bushes.

Both NRCan and the USDA were interested in this important wildlife tree and started programs to find and increase resistance in beech. Both programs achieved a measure of success.

Jennifer Koch the US Northern Forest Research Station said, “We got lucky. About 50 % of the seedlings produced by our first cross between two resistant parents were resistant.”

However, beech is not considered an economic species and both programs suffered from reduced federal funding. In the US, the program continues as a multi-agency effort assisted by both states and national forests. In Canada, the saplings with so much promise were outplanted and fenced in three national parks including Brackley

Beach, Fundy, and Kejimkujuik.The first year, there was significant die back as the new beech trees

adjusted to life on their own. Today, the survivors are about six feet tall and doing well.

Parks Canada responded to request on what is happening with, “Parks Canada is receptive to a range of activities that would see the beech tree restored in protected areas and elsewhere.”

Chris McCarthy park ecologist with Kejimkujuik was more expressive and expressed great interest in beech. The beech saplings are being “warehoused” for now. Their current priorities include the endangered piping plover, bandings turtle and the removal of buckthorn. Beech could be considered in a project with ash in two to three years. “It is a big complex problem. We need to work with sites that need restoration first. Where should beech be? We should have 40 to 60% old growth. When we started we had 2%. The forest is succeeding. Red oak is disappearing. Is that what is supposed to happen?”

Henri Steeghs of Pleasant Valley Nurseries in Nova Scotia took training and did extensive reading on the topic.

Steeghs said, “I don’t have funding. I don’t have volunteers. I am trying to do what nature would do in 600 or 6,000 years.”

The main problems to overcome are: beech is difficult to graft, the saplings are difficult to inoculate with the scale insect and it can often take half a day to get scion wood from the best of the surviving beech with a ladder, through March snow drifts, to do the grafting.

Steeghs hopes someday Pleasant Valley Nurseries will have a hedge row of beech resistant to the insect penetrating the bark and these trees will cross and produce seed having two parents with resistance.

“It is not 100% fool proof. This is not a commercial venture. It would be a foolish gamble for a livelihood.”

But then he is working alone and only with trees within a three hour radius of his location. He hopes others will protect any beech that when examined shows no signs of the blight and for those who can sanitize the area around any healthy trees by removing infected trees.

“This is not rocket science. It is a lot of work.”

“It is not 100% fool proof. This is not a commercial venture. It would be a foolish gamble for a livelihood.”

Insta-Shade reduced their price by 50%, Ontario Hydro paid 50%, the Chestnut Council paid the taxes, and the land owner provided the new location and watered the tree.

BY PAT K E R R


PROFILE

BY S H I R L E R BY E R S

With a father and grandfather who were loggers it was inevitable that he would end up in some facet of the tree business, says Regina arborist Jeremy Dyckson. He grew up on Vancouver Island and worked in the family business, cutting shake blocks and in helicopter logging before he moved to the United Kingdom in 2004.

In London he found work as a grounds man working for the European company of Gristwood and Thoms. “Every grounds man out there by law has to train in climbing,” he says. “I was a little reluctant to take a climbing course because I was kind of afraid of heights.”

But he overcame his fear enough to take the course, and in the process he fell in love with climbing.

He’s still afraid of heights but that’s not entirely a bad thing — the fear keeps him on his toes a little bit, he says. “That fear is still inside me, but when you climb you feel kinda like you’re in a bubble. Everything you can touch is in your bubble. I just don’t think about heights anymore.”

In the British tradition of apprenticeship, he trained with the company that hired him, Gristwood & Thoms the largest specialist Ar-boricultural Company in the United Kingdom. Britain’s City & Guild certification is their ISA equivalent, he says.

Workwise, there aren’t any major differences between the UK and Canada, he says. The same equipment, the same number of workers performs pretty much the same procedures and the cost to the customer is also very similar.

One huge difference, however, is the diversity of trees. There are many, many different varieties of trees in Britain, many more than there are here in Canada. This richness of varieties comes from a policy, no longer in practice by which Great Britain used to import all kinds of seeds, plants and trees from all over the British Empire. These seeds, plants and trees would be propagated at London’s Kew Gardens and distributed where needed in the Empire. Some also remained in Eng-land and became naturalized to that climate.

Horse chestnut from the Balkan Peninsula and Cyprus and cedar from the Mediterranean are some examples. Douglas fir, red oak and hemlock all native to North America, now flourish in the United King-dom.

Also, Brits definitely have more regard for their trees, Jeremy says. “They’re much more on top of things when it comes to care and prun-ing. Everyone has a garden and they take pride in it.”

With his wife and two children, Jeremy is now back in Canada. The family business V & J Expert Tree Services serves the Regina and Moose Jaw area. Services provided include tree removal, stump removal, tree trimming and pruning and emergency service.

To the United Kingdom and backCanadian arborist trains and works in London

Brits definitely have more regard for their trees, Jeremy says. “They’re much more on top of things when it comes to care and pruning. Everyone has a garden and they take pride in it.”

Working in the UK gave Dyckson exposure to a wide variety of trees.

Below: Well-travelled arborist Jeremy Dyckson works in a poplar

in Regina.


CELEBRATION

To celebrate Canada’s Centennial in 1967, Canada planted crab apples, everywhere. Ottawa gave away 18,000 in the city, planning to compete with Washington’s cherry blossom festival.

Fifty years later few remain. The beautiful idea didn’t work.

As we approach Canada’s 150th anniversary in 2017, Tree Service Canada spoke with experts to learn more about the program, and why it didn’t work.

Wilbert Ronald of Jeffries Nurseries was a university student who worked at the Morden Research Station in 1967. He said, “The issue at the time was which cultivar of flowering crab apple should be used as the Centennial tree. Some groups chose the Almey crab apple which was a 1945 introduction, while some wanted the newer Royalty crab apple used. Some nurseries felt that Royalty hadn’t been offered for enough time to be readily available in terms of supply while others felt Almey had been around too long and was not new enough!”

Royalty, still a beautiful tree, failed to deliver for many reasons. First, no one cultivar can suit all Canadian conditions. Second, we now have disease resistant cultivars. Royalty went on to fail at disease resistance expectations especially in the Prairies. Third, there are places inappropriate for trees that drop red marbles. We now have sterile crab apple cultivars. In some locations Royalty was considered messy. Many of the trees were just cut to keep the sidewalk clean. And finally one lesson we may not have learned; nurseries were not given sufficient time to propagate enough Royalty for the entire country. Almey had to be used to finish orders.

Here are some options should crab apples be chosen to celebrate the 150th birthday, as detailed by Ronald, “Starlite, a new cultivar with good disease resistance and small tenaciously held fruit is one of the best new green leafed cultivars, Gladiator, a purple leafed cultivar, is one of the best new purple foliaged types. We have also a new line of columnar spur type flowering crab apple that are becoming more popular. Purple Spire has purple foliage while Emerald Spire has green foliage. Spring Snow, a sterile and therefore fruitless crab apple is still the number one selling flowering crab apple although its disease resistance to apple scab is not as good as Starlite. The new cultivars from the Prairies are hardy to zone 2.”

Mike Rosen, president of Tree Canada, is aware of the fall of Royalty and Almey. Showy, aesthetically pleasing, suitable for the urban environment, large hardiness zone variation and not a huge tree — as a species they are a good option in the urban forest.

However, Rosen said, “Today, we want the right tree in the right place and we have an increased appreciation for native species. Tree Canada has not formulated the plans for 2017 but we do have ideas.”

Rosen continued, “If we have to pick one tree, we would pick the maple. It is the iconic symbol of Canada. Not the sugar maple, the maple so each region can pick the most appropriate. We have a maple for every province. Maple Leaves Forever is promoting Canadian maples in general. The industry has come a long way in 50 years. In ‘67 arena managers were caring for the urban forest. The level of expertise was low. Today, even small communities call in consultants while large cities have urban forest sections and trained staff. We hear about the urban forest everywhere, even in the north. Right across the country there is eco-tourism. Tourists do not want to go somewhere ugly. Trees are important. We now have a lot of corporate sponsors and virtually no government money. The message is resonating.”

Ed Lawrence of CBC Ontario recently said, “Why can’t we plant 35 million trees for the 150th and register the trees? A tree for every Canadian living and some dead. The monoculture idea in ‘67 is not the way to go. We should have learned that from Dutch elm disease but now we have EAB. We are stock piling the ash material at dump sites and these are now the best locations to see EAB. A decent breeze and they can make it across the province. Monoculture is what killed us. Growers have difficulty getting native species; with demand this will change.”

Gardening expert Marjorie Harris has said her first choice is a tulip tree. “The first time I saw our tree (tulip tree) in a foreign place I was amazed. I was totally enamoured with the tree. I am thrilled to see Toronto has removed some of the imports and added natives to the suggested tree list. The tulip tree is beautiful even in the small forms of the new cultivars. It is all history. We are only now beginning to appreciate it while it was picked up and taken to other places centuries ago.”

Even as Harris is in love with the tulip tree for Toronto she was quick to point out each tree region should pick its own tree.

Sean Fox of the Guelph Arboretum said he also first thought of the tulip tree but changed his mind. He was the only one to consider a conifer, the Tamarack. The tamarack has strong ties to Canadian history. Used in ship building, tanning and railway ties it helped our nation develop. However, Fox’s reasons were, “Even the name sounds Canadian. It is beautiful and gold/yellow in the fall especially when the sun shines through it. It represents the whole country as there are types of tamarack that grow in all provinces and the territories. Only the service berry has as wide a range.”

Fox wants to introduce native species we often forget for urban planting.

However, while tree and gardening experts were anxious to share a beloved favourite or celebrate the growth of our forestry nation the Department of Canadian Heritage that is organizing the celebrations gave no mention of trees or forest or growth.

Of six politicians contacted from a variety of parties who all claim personal support for Canadian trees only Irene Mathyssen, London, Ontario NDP Member of Parliament, responded. She said, “I’ve given this some thought and to me this fits nicely with a vision my friend Barry Sandler shared with me. Barry’s vision goes beyond London. He would like to see a “living memorial” from coast-to-coast, with a space in each community large or small, where we plant a tree in memory of each and every one of Canada’s war dead. I cannot think of a more fitting way to honour our nation’s 150th birthday than to undertake such a magnificent project to honour the men and women who laid down their lives in the service and defense of our nation. In each grove we would have a commemorative plaque with the names of those men and women sheltered by a living honour guard of trees.”

What tree? Preparing for Canada’s 150th anniversary

BY PAT K E R R

To celebrate Canada’s centenary, thousands of crabapples were planted. Though few remain there is a growing debate on what species of tree or trees should be planted to celebrate Canada’s 150th anniversary.

“If we have to pick one tree, we would

pick the maple.”


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Have you ever encountered a tree that has a confined drop zone and so many structural problems that climbing or rigging just isn’t safe?

There are situations where a tree can be so unstable and the drop zone so confined that removal with a crane is the safest option. Cranes allow tree parts to be rigged from above and allow pieces to be removed without shock loading the tree or using it as a rigging point. There are also situations where the tree is simply too unstable to climb safely and access with an aerial lift is impossible due to location and/or tree height.

Climbing will always be a needed skill as there are trees much taller than any aerial lift; alternatively, this is where cranes can play a vital role. A problem that can arise is that it is generally accepted that a crane should not be used for life support, at least not any part that is normally used in rigging, like the hook. Man baskets can be attached to cranes however; in this case a second crane is needed to perform the rigging.

Situations arise in which, due to confined access, it may not be possible to position two cranes to allow one to be used for life support and another to perform the rigging.

The problem then is that the crane used to rig is the best choice to also position the climber into the tree. Whenever a crane is employed to position a worker it is mandatory that the climber disconnect from the crane before any rigging or lifting takes place. Special cuts can be performed making it possible for the climber to descend before pieces are picked. A worker must never be attached to the crane while it is holding a load.

While many crane companies will not allow workers to ride the hook, some do, and protocols exist within the industry for doing this. Some jurisdictions have written guidelines for this type of climber positioning as well. The accepted rule is that the climber must have an attachment above the ball of the crane or to the boom itself in addition to the hook. In other words, the climber must not be attached to only the hook. The hook can be used as one of two attachments. Some climbers find attaching to the boom to be better for worker positioning because when attached above the ball and the hook there is more sway and swing to contend with. The reason for having an attachment above the ball or to the crane boom itself is because these parts of the crane system are deemed more stable and less prone to failure.

All parts of the climbing system must be rated and secured in such a way that they cannot come open, such as using double auto locking carabineers, solid rings/plates or made-fast clevises or shackles.

Upon reaching the point in the tree where work is to be performed the climber detaches from the crane prior to commencing any cutting. The load is secured to the crane, cuts are administered and the climber retreats to a safe position well clear and away from the wood being lifted by the crane and whenever possible out of the tree prior to lifting the load.

The climber is lifted back into the tree for the next cut and follows the same procedure every time.

The following is an example of a standard operating procedure for using a crane to position a climber into a danger tree.Standard Operating Procedure for work positioning using a crane.--1.1 Special Conditions;1.1.1 Only when a tree cannot be safely accessed by climbing or the use of aerial devices, a qualified tree worker may be hoisted into position by using approved tree work positioning equipment.-- 2.1 Methodology;2.1.1 Climber must be double secured to crane; one of the attachments must be above the ball or to the boom. 2.1.2 All attachments shall be closed with a positive locking device. 2.1.3 The crane shall be operated in a controlled manner by a qualified crane operator.2.1.5 The qualified tree worker shall be detached from the crane while a load is hoisted.

Riding the hook

Climber properly attached above and into the hook.continued on page 11


--3.1 Requirements;3.1.1 All workers shall be trained and qualified in accordance to their work duties.3.1.2 All workers must be qualified to estimate the weight of the loads being lifted.3.1.3 All crane work shall cease upon indication of any impending danger, such as wind.3.1.4 All workers must be trained and use recognized crane signal procedures and have a system that allows for verbal communication.

It is important to understand that this practice is only to be performed under special circumstances such as when there are no other alternatives and the tree has been assessed and deemed unsafe due to instability. The process of determination needs to be documented using a recognized risk assessment protocol and generally uses a form to help guide and provide proof of the assessment process. It is wise that the person performing the assessment also have credentials or qualifications to perform tree risk assessments.

While many crane companies will not allow workers to ride the hook, some do, and protocols exist within the industry for doing this.

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Primary attachment above the ball.

The hook used as a secondary attachment

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Introducing a new magazine focussed on service truck owners, operators, man-agers and manufacturers across the US and Canada. NEW


ACCIDENT REPORTS

Online accident cost calculator, injuries and fatalitiesReported tree service accidents were low in the first quarter of 2015 but legislators and inspectors were busy making sure companies know fall protection equipment and employee accident benefits are not optional.

AlbertaWork Safe Alberta is using a new idea to promote safety in the workplace. Online they have a cost calculator. One of the examples provided is a construction worker who falls 3m and suffers a fractured ankle and forearm. The total direct costs to the company are $1,810. which will take 18 working days for the company to recover. (This does not include fines or worker’s compensation costs.)

Following the links at http://work.alberta.ca/smallbusiness/calculator/calculator/calc1.html you can insert any incident real or imaginary and your own costs in six steps to determine the direct costs that occur after an unsafe act. This includes the time to complete accident investigation paperwork, transportation to medical care and other expenses often not included in accident reporting. The calculator is a reality check.

ManitobaManitoba issued 11 administrative penalties in the month of January 2015, for lack of fall protection in the construction industry. Fines were between $2,500 and $5,000 each. No tree companies were listed.

OntarioOntario had three tree service critical accidents reported to the Ministry of Labour in 2015.• On Jan. 29 a worker was cutting up tree. The operator

picked up the limb, the limb spun and hit the worker in the head. The worker was knocked to the ground unconscious.

• On Jan 19, a worker was trimming a tree and fell about 20 feet, suffering a possible fracture to the leg.

• On March 13 workers were pruning a tree. The injured party was wearing harness but it was not tied to the tree. The worker fell approximately 25-30 feet; landed on grass, and suffering several broken bones.

• An Ontario court gave a 25 day jail term and a $250,000 charge to a company owner after a manufacturing worker’s fall fatality. The incident happened in Jan of 2013. The worker was not wearing fall protection equipment.

Nova ScotiaNova Scotia reported six injuries in the tree service industry this year. The report states all the injuries were preventable. All were struck by objects, be it plant, tree, or other non-processed vegetation.

SaskatchewanOne accident was reported this year in Saskatchewan. A worker received a lost time injury to his foot when a log he was cutting with a chain saw rolled on to his foot.

BC--In February 2015, on the lower mainland a worker sustained head, neck, and shoulder injuries during manual tree falling and bucking. “A certified faller placed an undercut in a hemlock tree (diameter about 62 centimetres, height about 31.5 metres). The faller left the base of the tree, removed the chainsaw’s dull chain, and went to get a new chain from his pack. His pack was located above the falling face and in the direction the cut-up hemlock was intended to fall. A

second worker, equipped with a chainsaw and working in the active falling area, completed the backcut in the hemlock. As the tree fell, the faller was struck by its top (about 20 centimetres in diameter).”• In February 2015, a trainee worker in Coastal BC

sustained broken ribs during manual falling and bucking. The young worker was “falling a red cedar tree when he was struck by a large limb (schoolmarm) that fell out of the red cedar tree as it was falling over.”

• In January 2015, a residential tree worker on BC’s lower mainland received a fatal injury. The “certified faller was falling a broadleaf maple tree (26 inches in diameter) on a 55 percent sloping bank adjacent to a residential lot. The faller had placed the undercut and was completing the back cut when the trunk of the tree split and barber chaired. Evidence at the scene suggests the worker was struck by a portion of the tree. He succumbed to his injuries.”

US

• Company chargedUSDA charged Northstar Contracting Group for exposing workers to falls while trimming trees at Morris Plains, N.J., psych hospital. No accident was noted and there was no reported injury. The proposed penalty is $53,000. The investigation was initiated on Oct. 7, 2014. An officer observed “imminent danger fall hazards while workers performed tree trimming activities from an aerial lift”. “The company was cited for failure to provide fall protection for an employee working from an aerial lift and an employee working on the ground in the vicinity of overhead tree trimming who was exposed to struck-by hazards from falling tree limbs, or head injury due to the lack of a protective helmet.”

“It is no secret that falls are the leading cause of work-related fatalities, and the risk of falling is magnified for those working from aerial lifts during tree-trimming operations. This company’s failure to protect its workers from falls and other safety hazards is inexcusable,” said Kris Hoffman, director of OSHA’s Parsippany Area Office.• Landscape and horticultural industries identified for

high accident rates in USLandscape and Horticultural Services, has been identified as a focus industry for reducing the workplace fatality rate. There were 22 fatalities in central US related to tree trimming operations in five years. This included 11 in Ohio and nine in Illinois. This is a 43% increase in fatalities in the region between 2007 to 2011 with Ohio and Illinois accounting for 91 percent of all these fatal accidents. • Fatality related to lack of training-high costs related

to lack of worker insuranceOn November 12, 2013, a 42 year old worker was killed in a tree falling accident. The OSHA report is still open and may change. At this point, the company, Three Frogs Inc. of San Diego, CA is charged with 13 violations of which 8 are considered serious. The total fine is $91,865.

Media reports indicate the victim was uninsured, unskilled and paid under the table. The company owners have spent less than a day in jail but other charges include $24,000 to the State Employment Development Dept. and $290,000 to a trust for the victim’s son, 14

days public works, and more small fines.The worker was employed with the company for

only a couple of months. He received one day training on tree cutting. • Manslaughter convictionAs the season of hiring in the tree service industry moves in to full swing it is important for all employers to know the age of all young workers. Although the tree service industry is very attractive to the young they should never be allowed, for any reason, on job sites.

In Aug of 2013, a 14 year old, Florida boy fell 50 feet and died of the resulting internal injuries. The tree service company owner pleaded guilty in February 2015 to aggravated manslaughter of a child and received a 15 year sentence. At the time of writing, the incident is still considered open on OSHA’s records and their accident investigation has not been published.

From media reports, the young boy was hired to clean up brush at the work site. On the date of the accident he had climbed, wearing fall arresting equipment and his line was severed. The official version is the line was cut accidentally although some suggest the line failed.

In Florida, workers under the age of 18 are not to work in the forestry industry.

For those that think this is only in the US: There is no statute in Ontario that lists specifically an age limit for urban tree care. However, the minimum age to work in a “logging operation” is 16. MOL clarified, “For working providing tree service on a project to which the construction regulations apply the minimum age is 16 years.”

Outside of specified industries like logging and construction, “The minimum age is set out above for those workplaces governed by sector specific regulations. Employers should assess the work that is being performed and the work assigned that is appropriate for the worker. Generally: The minimum age for working in Ontario is 14 years for most types of work. However, in general 14-, 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds are not to be employed during school hours.”

“Enforcement may range from orders to the laying of charges. The maximum penalty for a conviction under the OHSA is $500,000 against a corporation and $25,000 in the case of individuals. Individuals may also be imprisoned for up to 12 months.” In addition, there are set fines for a conviction that follows the issuing of a ticket (the highest set fine is $295) and there is a maximum fine of $1,000 when an officer has issued a summons and the person is convicted.”

In short, if there is doubt about the age of an employee check their papers. • Boy Scouts not charged in fatalityBoy Scouts in Utah made headlines this spring when they were not charged after a fatal accident. It was ruled, “there was no intent.”The boys had a tree cutting permit to cut firewood but a tree fell onto a road way in the path of a motorcycle. Witness testimonies indicated when the boys realized the tree was falling the wrong way they tried to physically stop the fall. It was ruled a “tragic accident.”

BY PAT K E R R


AL ABAMA TREE THIEVERY

Heists target Japanese Maples A recent series of tree thefts in the small city of Arab, Alabama has left law enforcement personnel slightly puzzled, and citizens on the look-out. At least two residences and one commercial greenhouse have fallen victim to the botanical burglars thus far. In all of the instances, the target of the thieves have been Japanese Maple trees. One of the residential victims, Marsha Parsons, had planted her tree six years ago, as a memorial to her late mother. As to a possible motive, Japanese Maples can be quite valuable, in part due to their slow growth rate, which makes older and larger specimens somewhat rare, and it is not unheard of for certain mature cultivars to sell for hundreds of dollars.

~Shirley Byers

If thefts of Japanese Maples continue, police may need to use bait trees to catch the crooks.

NEWS

PawpawThe forgotten native tree fruit

BY PAT K E R R

American Plant breeder Neal Peterson describes himself as a forest or wilderness kind of guy who enjoys foraging. When he first tasted the pawpaw he was 37 and it was a eureka moment. “It was better than wild apples. It was so good. I couldn’t understand why this tree is not cultivated and part of agriculture. Why can’t we make pawpaw better?”

Now, at 67, he has licensed his trees and they are selling in his native US, Europe and now Canada.

Linda Grimo, of Grimo Nurseries on Niagara on the Lake, ON, said, “We can’t keep them in. After an article came out in the Toronto Star, our sales tripled. The fruit sells at farmers markets for $5/lb. and they sell out.”

The trees, hardy to minus 25F, have multifunction’s in urban gardens. They are considered an ornamental with large drooping leaves, a native tree with a tropical look. They are also a small tidy tree maxing out at 20’ or it can be pruned and kept smaller. However, its best feature is the large fruit, described as tasting like a cross between banana and pineapple, with a mango texture that is usually eaten with a spoon.

Grimo said, “The fruit does not become litter. It is picked up and eaten.”

“Black bear love it,” said Peterson.Peterson’s success started quietly. Rather than

start from scratch, he did research looking for old seed orchards. From these he collected samples and crossed, tested and waited. His goal was to produce fleshier fruit with smaller seed.

“It is challenging to get people to try a different fruit,” Peterson explained. “Even when I was giving away free samples at the market they would still stop and ask many questions about the taste and texture before they would reluctantly taste.”

When progressed to selling 200 to 400 saplings a year, he decided he wasn’t interested in being a grower. He enjoys doing the science, (and he still has a day job). He sold the licencing rights and now receives a payment for every tree sold while he continues to develop the pawpaw.

“I would like a pawpaw that is bush size for easier picking and less pruning. I also want one that flowers later. We still get hit by late frosts and lose a lot of blossoms.”

Grimo Nurseries will not ship the grafted trees of Peterson’s varieties but they do have seed grown saplings, until they are sold out.

After years of neglect, the native pawpaw is making a comeback in eastern Canada.

“It was better than wild apples. It was so good. I couldn’t understand

why this tree is not cultivated.”

REVIVAL


Great Careers ...Great Jobs.

Immediate Positions for Tree trimmers and Foremen, Utility Line Clearing and Residential/Commercial Arborists

Positions available in most areas across Canada

Davey Representatives & Contacts:

BC & AB Residential Tree Care John Arico [email protected], Vancouver, Victoria, Edmonton & Calgary

AB, BC, SK Utility & Line ClearingMark Turnbull

[email protected]

Ontario Residential Tree Care & Utility Line Clearing Mike Lenarcic, 905-818-3566 [email protected] London, Kitchener, Hamilton, Mississauga, Toronto, Muskoka, Ottawa, Niagara

The Davey Tree Expert Co. of Canada, Ltd.Ancaster, ON and Nanaimo, BC

An Equal opportunity Employer

Visit www.daveytree.ca

EVENTS

NEW PRODUCTS/INDUSTRY NEWS

Bandit Industries recently completed the forth plant expansion in nine months to keep up with increasing demand for its equipment. All the plant expansions add space for additional employees and increasing production at the company’s Michigan facility.

Bandit moved into a facility in October of 2014, increasing its capacity for rebuilding used machines. The move also freed up construction space in the forestry mower and Beast buildings, allowing the forestry mower area to double its production and allowing the Beast recycler line to increase production by 25 percent.

A new electronics facility was finished in November 2014, allowing for increased production of electronic control panels harnesses used on all Bandit equipment. The new facility is now building all of the new control panels and proportional drives that are now featured on all of Bandit’s Tier 4 engine options.

“In February of this year, we moved into a new facility to build drum chipper

heads for our hand-fed chippers, whole tree chippers and Beast recyclers, along with the rotors for our forestry mower lines,” said Jerry Morey, president of Bandit Industries. “The new facility freed up production areas in our hand-fed drum chipper area, which is allowing us to increase production in that area by 50 percent.”

On April 1, Bandit Industries moved into an expansion of its whole tree manufacturing facility, increasing production of its whole tree chippers by 50 percent, Morey added.

“These four expansions have allowed us to add 80 full-time employees and add much-needed production,” Morey said. “Surging demand for our products over the past two years has increased lead times longer than I like, and at times has cost us orders. The additional production capacity will reduce lead times by the end of the second quarter,” Morey said.Learn more about Bandit’s lineup of wood processing equipment by visiting www.banditchippers.com.

Fecon introduces the Stumpex Stumper Fecon introduces the Stumpex stump grinder for skid steers with as little as 20 GPM hydraulic output. Low RPM and as much as 33,600 ft-lbs of torque @ 4,000 PSI enables the 1500-lb Stumpex to draw itself down into any species of stump 10” – 28” in diameter and up to 20” deep in a single pass. Larger diameter stumps are processed by making additional passes. A threaded cone and staggered AR500 cutting blades grind out stump and root material with minimal discharge without requiring any fast-wearing carbide cutting tools.

Stump chips stay mostly in the hole traditional stump grinders create, making clean-up after grinding with a Stumpex faster and easier, the company says. Low maintenance costs, high production, less clean-up, and increased safety make the Stumpex viable for stump grinding contractors in land clearing, tree care, and municipal applications. For more information: www.fecon.com

The Stumpex is a stump grinder for skid steers.

Bandit Industries, Inc. completes forth plant expansion in nine months, adds employees

JULY

July 7-11: Durban, South Africa

World Forestry Conference

www.fao.org/about/meetings/world-forestry-con-gress/en/

AUGUST

Aug 8-12: Orlando, FL, USA

ISA International Conference and Trade Show

www.isa-arbor.com/events/index.aspx

NOVEMBER 2015

Nov 12-14: Pittsburgh, USA

Tree Care Industry (TCI) Expo

http://tcia.org/events


Maintaining the Productivity of Your Equipment Is Our Goal.

MADE EASYMAINTENANCE

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Introducing Maintenance Made EasyHow-To Videos Accessible by QR Codes from Your Mobile Device How-to Videos include:

• Knife Care

• Anvil Adjustment

• Setting the Auto Feed

• Belt Tension

• NACD Clutch Adjustment

Scan the QR Code below with a QR Code Reader App on your mobile device or visit www.morbark.com/MaintenanceMadeEasy to request a set of Maintenance Made Easy cards today!

Morbark® is committed to increasing the productivity of your tree care crews by ensuring that you have access to the parts and service you need to keep your equipment running at peak performance.

Our worldwide dealer network’s Parts and Service personnel are factory-trained and participate in an ongoing training and certification process. This equates into better qualified service technicians that are focused on making repairs “right the first time” – and exceeding your service expectations.

To order wear parts or to schedule service, contact your local authorized Morbark dealer. To locate a dealer near you, visit www.morbark.com/find-a-dealer.


You Deserve the Best.There are thousands of reasons why professionals all around the world turn to Bandit for chipping and grinding equipment. Rugged construction.Custom-built machinery. Excellent fuel economy. Exceptional performance. These are just a few reasons, but there’s one reason that trumps them all. When you buy a Bandit, it’s not just another purchase. It’s an investment. An investment into your company. Your livelihood. Your future. For 30 years, companies large and small have trusted Bandit to build the equipment they need. So shall it be for 30 more.There’s no reason why you shouldn’t own a Bandit... so what are you waiting for?

Invest in your future today—invest in a Bandit.

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As we look back on 30 years of success, we are extremely grateful to all the hard working professionals in the tree care industry that have made us the company we are today. the first Bandit chipper was built in 1983 by just six people in a small mid-Michigan shop; today that shop is part of 240,000 square feet of manufacturing space, staffed by a workforce of over 400 to produce nearly 50 different innovative wood processing machines sold all around the world.

We’ve stayed close to the professionals who use our equipment, asking for your input to make these machines even better. as a result you’ve helped us grow through the years, from hand-fed chippers to whole tree chippers, horizontal grinders, stump grinders, forestry mowers, and the expansion continues for 2013.

We couldn’t be more proud of this industry and the dedicated people who show up every day to suit up, rope in, climb, cut, chip, and grind – then get up early the next morning to do it all again. it’s a tough job, and we thank you for trusting us to help you do it. From everyone at Bandit industries, thank you for 30 great years. trust us when we say the best is yet to come.

30 years OFINNOVATION...

Made possible by partners like you.

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Bandit Builds your Bottom Line.

www.banditchippers.com | 1.800.952.0178 | Remus, MI - USA

Documents

Tree Service Canada Magazine Issue # 32 Spring 2015