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Traumatic Brain Injury
Curt, Travis, and Christina
Recognizing a TBI
Definitions of Traumatic Brain Injury specify the following:
1. There is an injury to the brain caused by an external force.2. The injury is not caused by a degenerative or congenital
condition.3. There is a diminished or altered state of consciousness.4. Neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from the
injury.
Myths and Misconceptions
The following statements are FALSE: • The degree of impairment correlates with the force of
impact.• A "mild" brain injury will improve quickly.• Children's brains are more adaptable and pliant, therefore
more resilient to the damaging effects of a brain injury.• The younger the child, the more likley they won't suffer from
profound long-term effects.• TBI impairments always show up right away.
Facts: In the U.S. each year, 1.4 million people sustain a TBI. • 50,000 of them die• 235,000 are hospitalized• 1.1 million are treated and
released from an emergency room
The most common form of a TBI is a concussion.
Two groups at highest risk: 1.Newborn-4 years2.15-18 years
Levels of TBI Mild
ModerateSevere
Glasglow Coma ScaleEye opening • Spontaneous = 4• To speech = 3• To painful stimulation = 2• No response = 1
Verbal response • Oriented to person, place, and
date = 5• Converses but is disoriented = 4• Says inappropriate words = 3• Says incomprehensible sounds =
2• No response = 1
Motor response • Follows commands = 6• Makes localizing movements to
pain = 5• Makes withdrawal movements to
pain = 4• Flexor (decorticate) posturing to
pain = 3• Extensor (decerebrate) posturing
to pain = 2• No response = 1
The severity of TBI according to the GCS score (within 48 h) is as follows:• Severe TBI = 3-8• Moderate TBI = 9-12• Mild TBI = 13-15
MN Eligibility Criteria1. Medical DocumentationThe student’s file must include:Documentation by a physician of a medically verified traumatic brain injury. 2. Functional ImpairmentThe student’s file must include documentation of a functional impairment attributed to the TBI that adversely affects educational performance in at least one of the following:• intellectual or cognitive• academic• motor• communication• sensory• social, emotional, or behavioral• functional skills or adaptive behavior
Eligibility Criteria Cont..3. Previously Existing ConditionsVerification that the student’s impairment is not primarily the result of any previously existing conditions. Indicate that none of the following contribute to a previously existing condition: • visual, hearing, or motor impairments• mental retardation• environmental or economic diadvantage• emotional or behavioral disorders• language or specific learning disabilities• cultural differences
Eligibility Cont...
4. DocumentationThe student file must include documentation of functional impairment through at least one of the following: • checklists• classroom or work samples• documented, systematic behavioral observations• educational/medical history• interviews with parent, student, & other knowledgeable individuals
Eligibility Criteria...continued!
5. DocumentationThe student’s file must include documentation of functional impairment based on at least one of the following: • criterion referenced measures• personality or projective measures• sociometric measures• standardized assessment measures
Leading Causes of TBI's according to CDC:
Falls 28%
Motor vehicle crashes 20%
Being hit/colliding with an object 19%
Assaults 11%
Others 12%
TBIs and Sports:Multiple Mild TBI's can lead to more severe stages. Example Pierre-Marc Bouchard, Wild 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=y8aO6VnZn40&feature=related2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE5sLZSMXyo
With the accumulating number of head injuries in sports many are looking into the science of what goes into a hit and how damage occurs.• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=fFkWTGKNLT8&feature=fvst
Regarding educational performance, a TBI may alter:
• cognition• memory• language• attention• reasoning• abstract thinking• judgment • problem solving
• sensory or perceptual and motor disabilities
• psychosocial behavior
• physical functions• information
processing• speech
DifficultiesIt is often "invisible"
• People with TBIs in many cases look like everyone else
"If Alan were in a wheelchair or had a cast on his leg, people would understand that something happened...no one can see a
broken brain."
Difficulties Cont.
People often overlook those with concussions or TBI's believing they are only minor. Without knowing that the damage done is actually quite extensive its just the signs haven't shown up or are overlooked.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oY19-JI648Q
The area effected also changes the treatment method for TBI's
The level of severity also is a factor for TBI's in that each has a different treatment and is met with different cautionary techniques.
Personal Experiences/
Stories Curt
Travis
Christina
Others
Group Activity- Curt
General Resources:TBIED.orgBraininjuryguide.org Quizzes to help improve memory:http://www.braininjuryguide.org/quizzes/quizinstructions.html Tools and resources for educators:http://www.youtube.com/watchv=3_B1YJ9EpG0&feature=channel Early injury later in the classroomhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeCK_QXqcW8&feature=channelTransition to Adult Lifehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XUUyvie6BQ&feature=channel
Resources for Teachers
Sourceshttp://www.tbirecoverycenter.org/consequences.htm http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Learning_Support/Special_Education/Categorical_Disability_Information/Traumatic_Brain_Injury/001752 http://education.state.mn.us/mdeprod/groups/Compliance/documents/Form/000845.pdf https://www.braintrauma.org/tbi-faqs/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/lossofnamelessthings/tbi.htmlExceptional Learners: An Introduction to Special Education by Hallahan, Kauffman, & Pullenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE5sLZSMXyohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8aO6VnZn40&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFkWTGKNLT8&feature=fvst