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Transmission Distribution Interface bottlenecks and
strategies for improved grid Stability
ByEngr. A.S.A Bada
CEO (TCN)
GRID INTERFACE BOTTLENECKSMajor Causes include:• Radial state of network• Spatial network coverage• Transformer Capacity Constraints• Line Capacity Constraints• Switchgear Conditions• Grid indiscipline• Distribution network Conditions • Frequent trippings/Persistent faults
STATE OF NETWORK
• Radial State of network– Steps Taken: NIPP presently constructing the
closing of the loop to Jos with a DC 330KV line• Spatial Network Coverage
– Steps Taken: 26No. Lines and Substation projects awarded in 2010 and 18No. Lines and Substation projects to be awarded before the end of this year (4 New substations to be constructed in the North Eastern part and 5 New Substations in the NW )
Transformer Capacity Constraints
Stations Added Capacity1 Birnin Kebbi 330KV 150MVA2 Kumbotso 330KV 150MVA3 Ayede 330KV 150MVA4 Onitsha 330KV 150MVA5 Afam 330KV 150MVA6 Kantagora 60MVA7 Sokoto 60MVA8 Birnin Kebbi 60MVA9 Funtua 60MVA10 Katsina 60MVA11 Onitsha 40MVA
Steps Taken: On-going Capacity Strengthening Projects
ON-GOING CAPACITY STRENGTHENING PROJECTS...............Ctd
Stations Added Capacity12 Akure 30MVA13 Ukpilla 30MVA14 Amukpe 30MVA15 Delta 60MVA16 Ajaokuta 60MVA17 New Haven 60MVA18 Akwanga 40MVA19 G.C.M. 15MVA20 Hadejia 60MVA21 Bauchi 60MVA22 Akangba 60MVA
ON-GOING CAPACITY STRENGTHENING PROJECTS...............Ctd
• TCN expects delivery of Power Transformers from 1st quarter of 2012–4No. 300MVA 330/132KV Transformers–5No. 150MVA 330/132KV Transformers–10No. 100MVA 132/33KV Transformers–10No. 60MVA 132/33KV Transformers
LINE CAPACITY CONSTRAINTSSteps Taken:• Gombe – Yola 330kV line has been energized• 2nd Benin – Ajaokuta 330kV line has finally
been rehabilitated• 3rd Benin –Onitsha DC 330kV line to be
commissioned soon• Re-conductoring of weak and old lines (e.g
Aba – Itu, Itu – Calabar , Afam – PH, Delta – Effurun, Ota - Papalanto) with higher thermal capacity conductors are in various stages.
OUTCOME OF STRATEGY MEETINGS# Drop down Sub. By WBank Source Line1 330/132KV Substation at Ogijo
(Ikorodu)Egbin – IkejaWest 330KV Line
2 330/132KV Substation at Epe Omotosho – Aja Line
3 330/132KV Substation at New Kano
Kaduna – Kano 330KV line
4 132/33KV Substation at Choba - PH
Omoku – PH Mains Line
5 132/33KV Substation at Awkunanu - Enugu
New Haven – Orji Line
6 132/33KV Substation at Kaltugo Gombe – Yola Line
URGENT CONCERNS
•Too frequent 33KV trippings
• Inadequate notification of expansion projects
33KV TRIPPINGS FOR NOV. WK 1#
DISTRIBUTION ZONESTOTAL NUMBER OF TRIPPINGS
TOTAL ENERGY
Undelivered (MWH)
1 ABUJA 126 1,628.952 BENIN 125 4,674.393 EKO 55 4,405.254 ENUGU 208 15,261.965 IBADAN 191 4,305.786 IKEJA 43 3,289.87 JOS 71 1,385.128 KADUNA 107 758.749 KANO 46 558.0410 PH 121 4,201.8911 YOLA 63 533.66
MITIGATION STRATIGIES FROM DISCO’s
• Submission of accurate data on customer population and installed capacity (MVA)
• De-loading of 33KV Feeders through network expansion
• Explore use of lattice towers for long 33KV Lines• Due to inadequate generation power should be
given to some feeders then transferred to the others over time RATHER THAN pro-lateral sharing of power on all the feeders at the same time
MITIGATION STRATIGIES FROM DISCO’s
• Adherence to operational instructions• Gradual phase out of wooden cross
arms with fibre• Movement of load on designated
under frequency relays should henceforth stop
• Disciplinary actions should be meted out on erring staffs
MITIGATION STRATIGIES FROM DISCO’s.......
• Supervising operators should henceforth be alive to their responsibilities
• Issuance of a circular from their respective CEO’s demanding strict adherence to operational instructions
Further Key Transmission Grid Challenges
• Due to urbanization and environmental issues, it is becoming increasing difficult to acquire Right- Of-Way for new lines
• Increased power demand due to growth in industries and population
• Vandalization of transmission lines• Adverse Weather Conditions• Poor power quality• Transmission grid upgrades cannot keep
pace with power demand
STRATEGIES- Work is on-going on grid expansion.
- Significant Investment is being made to effectively double existing capacity through the NIPP intervention
- Line trace issues (mitigation against frequent line trips) have been taken more seriously with focus on contracting companies with requisite tools to work on difficult terrains
- Frequency stability has been largely achieved with some units in Delta, Kainji and Egbin providing frequency support in form of reserve margins
- Deployment of FACTS facility at strategic node of the network (e.g Kano, Gombe)
- Work has commenced in deploying the Supergrid network
330KV GRID STRUCTURE AFTER COMPLETION OF ALL ON-GOING PROJECTS
ONITSHA
KAINJI
JEBBA/GS
JEBBA/TS
SHIRORO
AJAOKUTA
Abeokuta
Ikeja
Akure
Benin
Asaba
PortHarcourt
Owerri
Uyo
ALAGBADO
BirninKebbi
Minna
Kaduna
Abuja
Jos
Bauchi
Gombe
Damaturu
MaiduguriKano
IIorin
AdoEkiti
Lokoja
Lafia
Makurdi
MAKURDI
EnuguAkwa
Umuahia
Ibadan
Sokoto
Gusau
Katsina
Hadejia
Jalingo
Yola
Abakaliki
Calabar
JIGAWA
KANO
KATSINA
SOKOTO
ZAMFARA
KEBBI
KWARA
KADUNA
ABUJA
NIGER
NASSARAWA
TARABA
YOBE
PLATEAU
BENUE
EBONYI
CROSSRIVER
AN AMBRA
OSUN
BAYELSA
KOGI
EDO
ABIA
RIVERSDELTA
ONDO
OYO
ENUGU
IMO
ADAMAWA
BORNO
GOMBE
BAUCHI
EKITI
LAGOS
AKWAIBOM
ATLANTIC OCEAN
NIGER
REPUBLICOF BENIN
REPUBLICOF CAMEROON
REPUBLICOF
CHAD
NOTE:
BULK SUPPLY POINT
HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION
THERMAL POWER STATIONS
330 KV
H
SAPELEP/ST.
DELTAPOWER ST.
OGUN
Osogbo
EGBINP/ST.
NIGERIA
Potiskum
Niamey
132 kV
2
3
2
3
4
2
2
Aliade
Mambila
Bali
2
AFAM POWER ST.
2
2
330KV LINES – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES - EXISTING
2
2
2005 : new
2
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : 3rd Circuit
2010 : new
2015 : new
2010: new
2
2
42015 : new
SAPELE
P/ST.
Okitipupa
Geregu
2015 : 2nd Circuit
Agip
Zaria
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : new
Mambila Hydro
Some 330kV lines especially in Lagos and Delta areas could not be indicated on this geographicalMap.See attached single diagram for Details.
TRANSMISSION GRID STRUCTURE WITH THE SUPER GRID IN PLACE
ONITSHA
KAINJI
JEBBA/GS
JEBBA/TS
SHIRORO
AJAOKUTA
Abeokuta
Ikeja
Akure
Benin
Asaba
PortHarcourt
Owerri
Uyo
ALAGBADO
BirninKebbi
Minna
Kaduna
Abuja
Jos
Bauchi
Gombe
Damaturu
MaiduguriKano
IIorin
AdoEkiti
Lokoja
Lafia
Makurdi
MAKURDI
EnuguAkwa
Umuahia
Ibadan
Sokoto
Gusau
Katsina
Hadejia
Jalingo
Yola
Abakaliki
Calabar
JIGAWA
KANO
KATSINA
SOKOTO
ZAMFARA
KEBBI
KWARA
KADUNA
ABUJA
NIGER
NASSARAWA
TARABA
YOBE
PLATEAU
BENUE
EBONYI
CROSSRIVER
AN AMBRA
OSUN
BAYELSA
KOGI
EDO
ABIA
RIVERSDELTA
ONDO
OYO
ENUGU
IMO
ADAMAWA
BORNO
GOMBE
BAUCHI
EKITI
LAGOS
AKWAIBOM
ATLANTIC OCEAN
NIGER
REPUBLICOF BENIN
REPUBLICOF CAMEROON
REPUBLICOF
CHAD
TRANSMISSION LINE LEGEND
BULK SUPPLY POINT
HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION
THERMAL POWER STATIONS
330 KV
H
SAPELEP/ST.
DELTAPOWER ST.
OGUN
Osogbo
EGBINP/ST.
NIGERIA
Potiskum
Niamey
132 kV
2
3
2
3
4
2
2
Aliade
Mambila
Bali
2
AFAM POWER ST.
2
2
330KV LINES – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES - EXISTING
2
2
2005 : new
2
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : 3rd Circuit
2010 : new
2015 : new
2010: new
2
2
42015 : new
SAPELE
P/ST.
Okitipupa
Geregu
2015 : 2nd Circuit
Agip
Zaria
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : new
2015 : new
700KV LINES – SUPER GRID
700 / 330KV SUBSTATION
Mambila Hydro
Some 330kV lines especially in Lagos and Delta areas could not be indicated on this geographicalMap.See attached single diagram for Details.
NOTE:
TCN NETWORK WITH SUPERGRID
THANK YOU