1

2

Procedures: 2 Stages & 5

StepsComprehension (P.144)

Understanding the structures Getting the main ideas Identifying the main clauses and

subordinate onesPresentation (P.144)

Translating each sentence division Rearranging, and finishing touches

Example (omitted but seen on P.145~146)

3

Five Major Methods

Embedding (内嵌法 P.147)Dividing (切分法 P.147~148)Splitting (拆分法 P.148~149)Inserting (插入法 P.P149~150)Recasting (重组法 P.150~151)

4

Practice 1A great number of graduate students we

re driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise ( 姿态 ) of Beat Generation ( 垮掉的一代 ), a real phenomenon in the late fifties.20 世纪 50 年代末期的美国出现了一种真实的社会现象：穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人。正是在这个时候大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟。

5

Practice 2Article 1 of the GATT is the celebrated

most favored nation (MFN) clause under which each member nation must give treatment to other member nation’s imports and exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most favored nation.关贸总协定的第一条是著名的最惠国条款。按照该条款，每一个成员国给予其他成员国的进出口货物的待遇起码应和给予最惠国的待遇同样优惠。

6

Practice 3-1 Four scores and seven years ago our fat

hers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition (主张 ) that all men are created equal.

87年以前，我们的先辈 们在这个大陆上创立了 一个新国家，孕育于自 由之中，奉行一切人生 来平等的原则。

7

Practice 4

The statement declared that the international order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen.

声明宣称，国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。

8

Practice 5The United Nations Secretary General s

ays that he is sure that the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.

联合国秘书长说他确信安理会会批准与伊拉克达成的有关联合国武器核查人员的协议。

9

Practice 6It is common experience that a certain

amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes to a feeling of well-being whether or not exercise adds to the length of life.

不管运动是否能益寿延年，一定量有规律的运动可以增进健康并使人精神愉快，这一点却是人们共同的体验。

10

Practice 7Suddenly a person who, in a large co

at, with long hair and held a sword rushed into the room where everyone was surprised and frightened.

突然有一个人闯进房间，他身披大衣，留着长发，手握宝剑，把屋里的人吓坏了。

11

Practice 8 Owing to the remarkable development in m

ass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

12

Practice 9 In the early industrialized countries of Europe t

he process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

13

Practice 10The principal of a great Philadelphia h

igh school is driven to cry for help in combating the notion that it is undemocratic to run a special program of studies for outstanding boys and girls.

费城的一所名牌中学为一些出类拔萃的男女学生开设一套特别课程，有人认为这种做法不民主，结果校长不得不大声疾呼呼吁人们同这种观念作斗争。

14

Practice 11 The fact that the average Englishman's home has

become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help.

普通英国人的家已经成了自家的工场，一方面是因为他热衷于自己动手干，另一方面是因为出于某种原因，他觉得许多家务活必须自己干，而这些活在几年前他会雇专人来干的。

15

Practice 12 American schools, both public and private, c

onsist of 12 years of grades -- basically 8 years of elementary school and 4 years of secondary or high school, although grades 7 and 8, or 7, 8 and 9 may be housed together in a middle school or junior high school.

美国的公立学校和私立学校都是由 12 个年级组成的，基本上是 8 年小学加 4 年中学，虽然 7、 8两个年级或 7、 8、 9三个年级有可能都在初级中学里就读。

16

Practice 13Students in these state universities,

however, as well as those in private colleges, must pay tuition, but the state schools are much less expensive than private ones, particularly for students who are residents of the state.

然而，除私立学校的学生外，州立学校的学生也须缴学费，不过州立学校的学费比私立学校的要便宜得多，对本州常住居民尤其如此。

17

Practice 14 Its beginning obscured by unemployment

caused by the world economic slowdown, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socioeconomic challenge of the end of the 20th century.

新技术出现带来的失业问题，尽管起初被全球性经济衰退所引起的失业现象所掩盖，但有可能成为20世纪末社会经济的重大难题。

18

Practice 15 When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974, I

was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.

1973-1974 年第一次“能源危机”时，我正和家人一起住在明尼苏达州北部一处鹿群越冬地边缘的小屋里，观察鹿的生活习性：看它们随着冬季来临从夏秋两季频繁活动变得少动，而春暖雪融时，它们的活动又增长了起来。

19

Practice 16 Now there is in America a curious combi

nation of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with one's own hands.

现在美国有一个奇怪的现象：人们一方面为地位上升不再需要靠体力劳动谋生而感到自豪，另一方面又对能够亲自动手做事而由衷地感到高兴。

20

Practice 17 One of the most heartwarming aspects of

people who are born with a facial disfigurement (畸形 ), whether minor or major, is the number of them who do not allow it to upset their lives, even reaching out to help others with the same problem.

有些人生来面部畸形，畸形程度有大有小，但令人欣慰的是这些人中很多人非但没有因此生活不快，而且他们反倒去主动帮助其他有同样问题的人。

21

Practice 18 It would take me an entire book to list all of the

people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people, but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends -- usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved.

我毕生认识许多人，他们一生中大部分时间都是单身，但在众多朋友中却是无可非议的核心人物。他们经常帮人解决问题，广受尊敬和爱戴。若要一一列出这些人的姓名，恐怕要写满整整一本书。

22

Practice 19 From the corner of my eye, I saw Phil, p

ale, slack-jawed, eyes wide with amazement and adoration combined. We listened to Jenny finish the sonnet ( 十四行诗 ), which was in its way a kind of prayer.

我侧眼看去，只见菲尔脸色苍白、神情呆滞、双眼滚圆、一副惊讶爱慕的样子，而我们听完詹尼朗诵十四行诗后的感觉，她简直就是在诵读某种祈祷词。

23

Practice 20They went in to dinner. It was excelle

nt, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony (讽刺 ), but even with friendliness.

他们走进餐厅去吃饭。美酒加佳肴。喝着酒，吃着菜，气氛顿时起了变化。不仅没有恶言相向，言语间还十分投机。

24

Practice 21 In order to retain Chinese managers,

joint ventures also must devise human resource policies that are sensitive to the ways in which Chinese employees differ from those in the West.

为了留住中国本地管理人员，合资企业还必须制定适应中国雇员与西方雇员之间种种差异的人力资源政策。

25

Practice 22 Engels spoke with the authority and co

nfidence, born of forty years’ closest friendship and intellectual intimacy ( 亲密 ), during which he had grasped, as no other man had, the full significance of Marx's teachings.

四十年最亲密的友谊和思想契合赋予了恩格斯说这番话的资格和信心。经过这四十年，他对马克思学说意义的了解比任何人都彻底。

26

Practice 23 If you're stuck with someone and feelin

g tongue-tied, console yourself by remembering that the other person may be feeling as agonized as you. Summon up a burst of energy, and find something on which to compliment him or her.

倘若和别人无言以对面面相觑时，无须烦恼，切记对方或许跟你一样心里感到不好受。你要打起精神来，找些好听的话向对方说说。