Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Transformation of SubstancesN.T.S.E.
Transformation of Substances
Transformation takes place due to Chemical Reaction
Chemical Reaction may lead to: -
Change of Color – Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
Evolution of Gas – Zn + dil H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
Formation of Precipitate – AgNO3 +NaCl AgCl+NaNO3
Evolution of Heat – Burning of Coal
Impurities in a substance decrease its melting point as they
interfere with the normal structure of the compound.
Borax is the white powder that is added in Gold (Au) to decrease
its melting point.
Impurities increase the boiling point of a substance.
Type of Chemical Reactions
Combination Reaction (A+B C)
H2 + O2 H2O
C2 + O2 CO2
H2 + Cl HCl
A.M.Creation e-mail – [email protected]
Light
Transformation of SubstancesN.T.S.E.
Decomposition Reaction (A B + C)
By Heat ( Na2CO3 NaCO3 + H2O + CO2)
By Electricity ( H2O H2 + O2)
By Light ( AgCl Ag + Cl2)
By Enzymes (C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2)
Displacement Reaction
CuSO4 + Zn ZnSO4 + Cu
CuSO4 + Fe FeSO4 + Cu
Activity Series – K > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > …….
K + NaCl – No reaction
Precipitation Reactions
For all aqueous solutions
o All salts of Na and K are soluble.
o All carbonates (CO3-2 ) and phosphates (PO4
-3 )
are insoluble except of Na and K.
o All Sulphates (SO4-2) are soluble except for
BaSr (Stenocium)
o All chlorides (Cl-1) are soluble except of Ag and
Hg.
o All NO3-1 are soluble
A.M.Creation e-mail – [email protected]
Transformation of SubstancesN.T.S.E.
o All Acetates are soluble.
OXIDATION / REDUCTION
Oxidation – Oxidation is the loss of electrons i.e.
addition of O2 or Removal of H2.
Reduction – Reduction is the gain of electrons i.e.
Removal of O2 or Addition of H2.
REDOX REACTIONS
A reaction in which both oxidation and reduction
occurs is called redox reaction.
Example
o Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
NEUTRALIZATION REACTION (Acid + Base Salt)
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Ca(OH)2 + HCl CaCl2 + H2O
A.M.Creation e-mail – [email protected]
