Transactional Analysis_Interpersonal Communication.ppt

8/11/2019 Transactional Analysis_Interpersonal Communication.ppt

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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION(WITH REFERENCE TO TRANSACTIONALANALYSIS)


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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Transactional Analysis is a theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne in the 1950s.

Originally trained in psychoanalysis, Berne wanted a theory which could beunderstood and available to everyone.

Transactional Analysis is an outcome of social psychology and a method toimprove communication.

The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how werelate and communicate with others, and offers suggestions andinterventions which will enable us to change and grow.

TA includes 4 major areas that are Ego States, Transaction, Life positionsand Strokes & Games.


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EGO STATES

A. Parent Ego Statecharacterized by domineering,over protective & loving, stern and critical. It isillustrated by those who establish standard and rule forother

B. Adult Ego StateIn this people attack problems in acool minded rational manner. In adult state informationis gathered, carefully analyzed, alternatives generated,and make logical choices

C. Child Ego Statesubmissive & conforming,emotional, joyful, or rebellious. Characterized by veryimmature behaviors


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TRANSACTION BETWEEN EGO STATES

A. Complimentary transaction: It shows 3 possible complementary.Transactions are complimentary if the message sent or behavior exhibitedby 1 person ego state receive the appropriate and expected response fromthe other person ego state.

P

A A

P

C

P

C

P

C

A A

C

P

CC

AA

P


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B. Crossed Transaction: It is occurs when message sent the behaviorexhibited by the 1 personsego state is reacted to by an incompatible andunexpected ego state on the part of the other person.


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C. Ulterior Transaction: They are very damaging to interpersonalrelation because it always involve at least two ego state on the partof 1 person. Individual may say one thing but mean quite another.


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LIFE POSITIONS


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STROKES AND GAMES

Strokes: Simply means giving some kind of recognition to theother

Positive

Negative

Games: A series of ulteriorly motivated transactions thatappear complementary on the surface but end in bad

feelings


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INTERPERSONALCOMMUNICATION

Interpersonalcommunication deals with relationshipsbetween people, usually in face-to-face private settings.

Interpersonalcommunication is the primary way through

which relationships are created, maintained, and changed.


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USES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Give and collect information.

Influence the attitudes and behavior of others.

Give and receive emotional support.

Form contacts and maintain relationships.

Make sense of the world and our experiences in it.

Make decisions and solve problems.


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ISSUES INFLUENCING INTERPERSONALCOMMUNICATION

Personality conflict:

Each of us has a unique way of interacting with

others. Personal opposition always based on :

personal dislikes

personal Ego states

life positions

personal disagreements

different personality styles


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EXAMPLE: IMAGINE THE POTENTIAL FOR A TOP LEVEL PERSONALITYCONFLICT AT EMC CORP. A LEADING MAKER OF DATA STORAGEEQUIPMENT.

Mr. A was CEO for 9yrs. Mr. B was working under him.

Gave up his position in 2001,due topersonality conflict.

Become new CEO in 2001.

In 2002, interview he gave A grade to Mr.Bfor innovation & Strategic mgmt. but F inFin. Mgmt. because of loss.

Mr. B wanted to move faster to cut cost,make acquisitions & introduce newsoftware's.

He is not interested in one to one relation. He would like to make one-to-one relation.

Make tough decisions slowly. Make tough decisions quickly.

He thinks thank-you is a sign of weakness. Mr. B praises & thanks his troops regularly.


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GENDER DIFFERENCES

13


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Communication Barriers between men

& women: Difference in style of conversation.

Both have different mind set, priorities and principles.

Ways of dealing with the same situation are very different.

A research shows that Men use to talk to emphasize statuswhereas women use it to create connection.


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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

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CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Barriers caused by differences among perception

Barriers caused by tone difference

Barriers caused by semantics

Barriers caused by word connotations. Words imply different

things in different languages.


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Politically Correct Communication

How do you describe a person who is wheelchair bound (ashandicapped or physically challenged)

Elderly or senior

We must be sensitive to others feelings

Should choose politically correct word

Words might have the same meaning but politically correctnessrefers either words are soothing or hurting someone


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CASE STUDYHeading off a Permanent Misunderstanding

Mindy Martin, Edward Sharp, Walter Murdoch are workingtogether in an organization.

Martin and Sharp were good friends and all three had very

healthy competition between them as they all were at the samelevel.

Martin was very hard working, ambitious and responsibleemployee. Because of their hard work and good efforts, Martinsdivision had become the leader in the company and the uppermanagement had praised her lavishly.


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She believed that with a good recommendation from Sharp, shewould get that promotion.

But unfortunately Murdoch received the promotion and movedto Topeka.

Martin was shocked. It was bad enough that she did not get thepromotion, but she could not stand the fact that Murdoch hadbeen chosen.

She and Sharp had taken to calling Murdoch Mr. Intolerable,because neither of them could stand his pompous arrogance.


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She felt that his being chosen was an insult to her.

When the grapevine confirmed her suspicion that Al Sharphad strongly influenced the decision, she determined to

reduce her interaction with Sharp to a bare minimum.

Relations in the office were very chilly for almost amonth. Sharp soon gave up trying to get in Martins favor

and they began communicating only in short.


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Finally William Attridge, their immediate boss, called the two

for a meeting. William said, were going to sit here until youtwo become friends again.

Martin resisted for a few minutes, denying that anything had

changed in their relationship, but when she saw that Attridgewas serious, she finally said, Sharp seems more interested indealing with Walter Murdoch.

Sharp could not say anything. Attridge came to the rescue.


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Attridge said that, Martin if youre upset about thatpromotion, you'd know that Sharp had nothing but praisedfor you and kept pointing out how this division would suffer ifwe buried you in Topeka.

With your bonuses you are making as much as Murdoch and ifyou work here continues to be outstanding, youll be headedfor much better place than Topeka.


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Embarrassed, Martin looked up at Sharp and apologizedfor treating him unfairly.

The next day office was almost back to normal. Martinand Sharp use to take a coffee break together every dayas earlier.

Stages/ Ego States Strokes Games Interpersonal


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Stages/periods

Ego States Strokes Games InterpersonalCommunication

Before

Promotion

Adult Ego Expecting

promotion.

Friendly, giving time

to each other, trust& enjoy free timetogether.

informal & formal,

face-to-facecommunication.

Promotiontakes place

Parent Ego Did not get thepromotion.

Chilly environment inoffice, not listening

to Sharp.

No interpersonalcommunication.

Cold warperiod

Child Ego

Felt that wasbetrayed bySharp.

Cold war, avoidance& escape fromconfrontations.

Only work relatedshortcommunication.

Meeting andthereafter

Adult Ego Came to know thetruth, realized hermistake &

apologized.

New relation havebeen established,more healthy &

strong.

HealthyCommunicationre-established.


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CONCLUSION

Now with the help of Psychoanalytical theory i.e. Transactional Analysis,Martin can understand her different behavior in different situation and canimprove those behavior which are not fruitful in those situation.

She can also use Interpersonal communication as to understand the person,real situation/conflicts better.

She can apply both to understand others behavior so that she can negotiate

with them easily and effectively.

Documents

Transactional Analysis_Interpersonal Communication.ppt