Training - Pressure2

Level 1 - Fundamental Training Pressure 2

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Pressure 2

1

Fundamental TrainingFundamental TrainingLevel 1


2

Topics: Slide No: DP Accuracy on Flow Measurement 3 - 4 Liquid Level Calculation 5 - 13 Liquid Density Calculation 14 Liquid Interface Calculation 15 Remote Seal Overview 16 - 21 Factors Affecting Seal Performance 22 - 29 Calibrating Analog Pressure Transmitter 30 - 32 Calibrating Smart Pressure Transmitter 33 - 44 Basic Applications 45 - 53 Exercise 54 - 56

ContentsContents




3DP Accuracy on Flow MeasurementDP Accuracy on Flow Measurement

Is determined by the specification of the DP transmitter because DP is under the square root, the DP range will not

be the same as the flow range. The DP range is equal to the flow range squared.

A flow range of 5:1 will have a DP range of 25:1 the accuracy to be used in for a flow measurement is the %

of reading error, not % of span. An 1151S is good for 0.1% of span.

At a reading of 1/2 the span, the error is 0.2% of reading At a reading of 1/10 the span, the error is 1.0% of reading

DP has a sensitivity coefficient (0.5) on flow measurement


4

Flow turndown is 4:1DP turndown is 16:1 DP = 32 / 16 = 2H2O

DP turndown is 16:1 DP Accuracy = 16 x 0.1% = 1.6%

Error = 1.6% x 0.5 = 0.8%

Example:A customer has an orifice plate which produces

32H2O at 800 GPM of flow. How much DP will he have at a flow of 200 GPM ?

If the transmitter accuracy spec. is 0.1% of span what will be the DP accuracy at 200 GPM ? (the xmtr span is 32H2O)

How much error will the DP measurement contribute to the flow accuracy ? (remember, DP has a sensitivity coefficient of 1/2)

DP Accuracy on Flow MeasurementDP Accuracy on Flow Measurement




5

Example: ZeroZero--Based Based Direct MountDirect Mount Application

What is the Calibration Range?

XMTR

H

Head

Open Vessel Level CalculationOpen Vessel Level Calculation

L

100%

0%

50

S.G = 1.1

GP = 1.1 * 0

= 0H2O

4mA pt? (at 0% level)

20mA pt? (at 100% level)GP = Head

= 1.1*50

= 55 H2OCal. Range = 0 to 55H2O


6

Example: NonNon--ZeroZero--BasedBased Direct MountDirect Mount Application


XMTR

H

Head2


L

100%

40

S.G = 1.1

GP = Head1= 1.1*10

= 11H2O


20mA pt? (at 100% level)GP = Head2

= 1.1*50


0%10 Head1




7

Example: NonNon--ZeroZero--BasedBased Remote MountRemote Mount Application


XMTR

H


L

100%

50

S.G = 1.10%

10

Head2

GP = Head1= 1.1*10

= 11H2O


20mA pt? (at 100% level)GP = Head1 + Head2

= (1.1*10) + (1.1*50)


Head1


8

Zero Elevation: Example (for a DP span of 100 H2O)Wet Leg : Calibrated Range -20 H2O to 80 H2O

0% 100%

Zero Supression: Example (for a DP span of 100 H2O)Dry Leg : Calibrated Range 20 H2O to 120 H2O

0% 100%

0 H2O

20 H2O

-20 H2O

0%/LRV of Dry Leg

0%/LRV of Wet Leg

True Zero (Measured)

ZeroSuppressed

ZeroElevated

Zero Suppression & ElevationZero Suppression & Elevation




9

XMTR

HL

Ullage or Vapor

Head2

S.G = 1.1

Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)Example: ZeroZero--BasedBased Direct MountDirect Mount Application

What is the Calibration Range?S.GWetLeg=1.2

50

100%

0%

Head1



Cal. Range = -84 to -29H2O

70

DP = Phigh - Plow= 0 - Head1= 0 - (1.2*70)= -84H2O

DP = Phigh - Plow= Head2 - Head1= (1.1*50)] - (1.2*70)= -29H2O


10

XMTR

HL

Ullage or Vapor

S.G = 1.1

Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)Example: NonNon--ZeroZero--BasedBased Direct MountDirect Mount Application


100%

Head1

DP = Phigh - Plow= Head2 - Head1= (1.1*10) - (1.2*70)= -73H2O


20mA pt? (at 100% level)DP = Phigh - Plow

= (Head2 + Head3) - Head1= [(1.1*10) + (1.1*40)] - (1.2*70)= -29H2O Cal. Range = -73 to -29H2O

10 Head2

Head340

0%

70




11

XMTR

HL

Ullage or Vapor

S.G = 1.1

Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)Example: NonNon--ZeroZero--BasedBased Remote MountRemote Mount Application


100%

Head1

10

Head3

0%

70

Head2




= (Head2 + Head3) - Head1= [(1.1*10) + (1.1*50)] -(1.2*80)= -30H2O Cal. Range = -85 to -30H2O

50


12

The transmitter must be mounted level with or below the lowest tap to ensure positive pressure at the transmitter.

Diaphragm seals for tanks under VACUUM

DP = Hside - Lside= (L*SGp + h*SGf ) - (H+h)*SGf= L*SGp - H*SGf

Dist. Betw. Taps = H

h

H L

L

CapillaryRemote Seal

1.0 psia(27.7

inH2O) DP Transmitter

SGp SGf

H

Level Calculation with Remote SealsLevel Calculation with Remote Seals




13

HL

30S.G = 1.1

Level Calculation with Remote SealsLevel Calculation with Remote Seals

100%

Head1Head3

0%

7050

S.Gfill=0.9

Head2

Example: Double RemoteDouble Remote Seal ApplicationWhat is the Calibration Range?




= (Head2 + Head3) - Head1= [(0.9*30) + (1.1*50)] -(0.9*100)= -8H2O

Cal. Range = -63 to -H2O


14

Example: To measure change in density


Max. Allowable S.G = 0.2

Ullage

Pbottom

Ptop

L H

Remote Seal

10 ft

Dist. Betw. Taps = 10 ft = 10 x 12= 120

SGp 1.1 to 1.3

Density Calculation with Remote SealsDensity Calculation with Remote Seals

SGf = 0.95

DP = 120 * (SGp - SGf)= 120 * (1.1 - 0.95)= 18H2O



Cal. Range = 18 to 42H2O

DP = 120 * (SGp - SGf)= 120 * (1.3 - 0.95)= 42H2O




15

Application Example: To determine % of interface of Liquid A with respect to Liquid B.


Dist. Betw. Taps = 10 ft = 10 x 12= 120

Vapor

0%

100%

SG1= 1.1

SG2= 1.3

Pbottom

Ptop

L H

Remote Seal

10 ft

Liquid A

Liquid B

SGf = 0.95

DP = 120 * (SG1 - SGf)= 120 * (1.1 - 0.95)= 18H2O



Cal. Range = 18 to 42H2O

DP = 120 * (SG2 - SGf)= 120 * (1.3 - 0.95)= 42H2O

Interface Calculation with Remote SealsInterface Calculation with Remote Seals


16

Chemical Spray(Clean in Place)

(CIP)

Effluent

Bacteria

Cracks and Crevices

Debrisclogging upthe transmitter

High temperatures Corrosive processes Prevent clogging Sanitary applications

Why Use Remote Seals?Why Use Remote Seals?




17

Reduce number of joints

Wet or dry leg replacement

Cold Ambient Temperatures

Process Connection Fitting

Viscous Applications

TOXIC

Threaded Connection

Threaded Connection

Variable height

Changes headpressure

Why Use Remote Seals?Why Use Remote Seals?


18

LEVEL

ACID BIO HAZARD

REACTOR

DENSITY

PRESSURE

FLOW

SANITARY

Remote Seal ApplicationsRemote Seal Applications

Level Pressure Flow Density Interface




19

PRESSURE

PRESSURE

PROCESS ISOLATING DIAPHRAGM

FILL FLUID

H

How Remote Seal Works?How Remote Seal Works?


20

Pressure transmitter Low volume transmitter flange Connection between seal and transmitter Fill fluid One or two seals

Diaphragm

Capillary

Fill Fluid

Mounting Ring or Flange

Lower Housing/Flushing Ring

Upper Housing

Remote Seals System ComponentsRemote Seals System Components




21

Diaphragm seals fall into five groups:Flange Mount - FlushedFlange Mount - ExtendedFlange Mount - InternalThreadedSanitary

Classifications of Remote SealsClassifications of Remote Seals


22

A Remote Seal Assembly has its own performance characteristics that are additive to the transmitter performance.TemperatureTime ResponseHead Temperature Effect

Seal performance is primarily affected by fill fluidand diaphragm stiffness.

Factors Affecting Seal PerformanceFactors Affecting Seal Performance




23

Pressure Error

Volume Displacement

Ambient Hot Cold Max volume

VolumeDisplacement

Volume

DiaphragmStiffness Curve

No Fill Fluid



24

Center Diaphragm Deflection in Inches

Volume - Cubic Inches

pressure inches H2O

Stiffness is affected by: Diameter of measuring surface (Larger diaphragm = Less stiff) Material (modulus of elasticity) ThicknessConvolution pattern

P2P1

V

P

V2

V1

Typical Diaphragm Stiffness Curve

Remote Seal Temperature Effects





25

H

Remote Seal Temperature Effects

Fill FluidVolume

Fill FluidCoefficient of

Expansion

DiaphragmStiffness

Increase

TemperatureEffect

TemperatureEffect

TemperatureEffect

Increase



26

Fill fluid density (specific gravity) changes due to temperature changes.Zero offset is affected by fill fluid density changes.Calculate Head Temperature Error (HTE).

d = Distance Between TapsSGf = Specific Gravity of Fill FluidE = Coefficient of Thermal ExpansiondT = Temperature Change

Initial Head (Hi) = d*SGf

HTE = - d*SGf *E*dT

Remote Seal Head Temperature Error





27

Initial head: d*SGf = 93.4With +25o Temperature changeHTE = - (100*25*.0006*.934)

= -1.380 Therefore, at a higher temperature, the head pressure on the

transmitter = (93.4 - 1.40) = 92.0

d= 100 SGf = 0.934exp. coef. = .0006 in/in/F

Calculating Head Temperature Error



28

Larger DiaphragmThinner DiaphragmSmaller Capillary IDDirect Mount

Smaller DiaphragmThicker DiaphragmLarger Capillary ID

High Pressure Side Seal

HighSide

Stiffness

HighSide

Volume

DECREASE

LowSide

Volume

Low Side

Stiffness

INCREASE

Low Pressure Side Seal

Optimizing Seal System





29

Is affected by:

Fill fluid viscosityCapillary I.D.Capillary lengthType and range of transmitter

Remote Seal Time Response



30

50 psi20 psi80 psi

Calibrating Analog Pressure TransmittersCalibrating Analog Pressure Transmitters

50 psi

Full Span : 0 to 100 psi

4 mA 20 mA

Set 4 mA point at 20 psi using Zero PotSet 20 mA point at 80 psi using Span Pot

At 50 psi ReadingAnalog Output = 50/100*16 + 4 mA

= 12 mA

New Range : 20 to 80 psiNew Span : 80 - 20 = 60 psiAt 50 psi ReadingAnalog Output = (50-20)/60*16 + 4 mA

= 12 mA

4 mA 20 mA

Zero & Span adjustments are interactive:Zero & Span adjustments are interactive:

During Span adjustment, Zero point shifts

OutputElectronics

SensorModule

Zero Pot Span Pot

Process Connection

Accurate Input

Source




31Calibrating Analog Pressure TransmittersCalibrating Analog Pressure Transmitters

Linearity Adjustment Screw marked as LIN

LINDAMP

Damping Adjustment Screw marked as DAMP

On Amplifier BoardOn Amplifier Board

LinearizingLinearizing ProcedureProcedure Use accurate input source Apply mid scale input Note Desired - Actual Output = x Multiply by a correction factor = xy Multiply by Range Down factor = xyz Apply full scale input Adjust linearity to (full scale output -/+ xyz) depending on +ve/-ve error at mid scale input

All in all, only 3 types of calibration / configuration that can be performed on an analog transmitter : Calibrating 4-20 mA points Damping Linearity Adjustment


32Calibrating Analog TransmitterCalibrating Analog Transmitter

Calibrator connected to the TEST Terminals for calibration with accurate sensor input source.

282 Loop Validator

Model 272 , 4-20 mAField Calibrator

Accurate Sensor Input Source




33

SMARTTransmitter

MemoryCommunicator

Memory

Retrieve Configuration data

at On-Line

Send Edited Configuration data

at On-Line

Master Slave

Using a HART CommunicatorUsing a HART Communicator Create OR Edit:

Tag Name Engineering Units Damping - Smoothening the transmitters Output Transfer function - Linear to Square-root Output or vice-versa Sensor Setup - For temperature transmitter LCD Meter configuration

Review transmitter information

Configuration Smart Pressure Configuration Smart Pressure Transmitter OnTransmitter On--LineLine


34

Indicator

Meter

Performing OnPerforming On--Line Diagnosis Line Diagnosis in Smart Pressure Transmitter in Smart Pressure Transmitter

Loop TestLoop TestLoop test allow user to commission via the HART Protocol the Smart Transmitter to varify:

FIELDTERMINALS

+ -COMM TEST

Z S

P.S

RecorderController

250

Force Transmitter to Output a Constant Analog Value

12 m

A

12 mA

The integrity of the loop.

The operation of other devices in the loop.




35Calibrating Smart Pressure TransmitterCalibrating Smart Pressure Transmitter

Using Local Zero & Span AdjustmentUsing Local Zero & Span Adjustment

Use accurate input source. Apply 0% input & activate

zero button to set 4 mA. Apply 100% input & activate

span button to set 20 mA.

Non-Interactive Span & Zero Buttons

Similar to calibrating 4Similar to calibrating 4--20 20 mAmA points in Analog Transmitterspoints in Analog Transmitters


36Calibrating Smart Pressure TransmitterCalibrating Smart Pressure Transmitter

Using HART Communicator Output 20 mA when you see 150 InH2O. Output 4 mA when you see 0 InH2O. Dont Require Accurate Input Source

F1 F2 F3 F4

3051C : PT-56391 LRV 0.00 inH2O2 URV 120.00 inH2O

F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4

HELP HELP HELPHOME ESCDEL ENTER

3051C : PT-5639Online1 Device Setup2 PV 60.00 inH2O3 Analog Out 12.00 mA4 PV LRV 0.00 inH2O5 PV URV 120.00 inH2O

3051C : PT-5639URV

120.00 inH2O150.00

D/AA/D

Communications

From Home ScreenFrom Home Screen




37Calibrating Smart Pressure Transmitter Calibrating Smart Pressure Transmitter

Using CommunicatorUser can perform Digital Trims on Smart Transmitter via HART Protocol:

D/AA/D

Communications

Match Transmitters Digital 4-20 mA to Plant Standard Analog 4- 20mA

Match Transmitters Digital 4- 20 mA to Plant Standard Analog Output other than 4- 20 mA (eg. 1- 5 V)

Zero out small offset in sensor output at TRUE ZERO by resetting A/D

Linearize Transmitters Digital PV to Accurate Input Source ( Two-Point Trim )

Output Trims D/A Trim

Scaled D/A Trim

Input Trims Zero Trim

Full Trim

Low Trim High Trim


38Why Perform 4Why Perform 420 20 mAmA Output Trim ?Output Trim ?

100 InH20

Ranged 0100 inH20

20.22 mADVM

3051C : PT-5639Online

1 Device Setup2 PV 100.00 inH2O3 AO 20.00 mA4 LRV 0.00 inH2O5 URV 100.00 inH2O

Does NOT Match !!!

+

Inaccurate Digital Interpretation of Inaccurate Digital Interpretation of Plant Standard Analog Output.Plant Standard Analog Output.




39

Update D/A conversion

Pla

nt S

tand

ard

Met

er R

eadi

ng

4 mA

20 mA

4 mA 20 mADigital 4- 20 mA Output

D/AA/DCommunications

How 4How 4--20 20 mAmA Output Trim Works ?Output Trim Works ?

IDEAL

IDEALA

CTUAL

ACTUAL

3.95 mA

20.15 mA

Low Trim

High Trim


40Why Perform Sensor Full Trim ?Why Perform Sensor Full Trim ?

150 inH20

+

20.42 mADVM

3051C : PT-5639Online1 Device Setup2 PV 150.40 inH2O3 AO 20.42 mA4 LRV 0.00 inH2O5 URV 150.00 inH2O

Does NOT Match !!!

Inaccurate interpretation of process variable by Inaccurate interpretation of process variable by the A/D circuit during conversion to digital signal.the A/D circuit during conversion to digital signal.

Ranged 0150 inH20




41

Update A/D conversion

Digital PV

Reading

Process Variable Input

D/AA/D

Communications

How Input Trim Works ?How Input Trim Works ?

100H2O

- 50H2O

100H2O- 50H2O

IDEAL

IDEALAC

TUAL

ACTU

AL

-49.5H2O

101.5H2O

Low Trim

High Trim

Require Accurate Input Source


42What is Input Trim ?What is Input Trim ?

Zero Trimused to zero out small

changes in output, often caused by:

Full Trim (Span Trim or Linearize)used to update A/D conversion, because of:

4-20 mA OUTPUT

Ideal Span

4-20 mA OUTPUT

4-20 mA OUTPUT

0 to 100 inH2O Input

4-20 mA OUTPUT

Ideal Span

4-20 mA OUTPUT

4-20 mA OUTPUT

0 to 100 inH2O Input

Sensor TrimSensor Trim

Mounting Effect Static Pressure Effect

Changes in Module Characteristics

Drift over time




43Zeroing ProceduresZeroing Procedures

On the Benchtransmitter in upright positiontransmitter ventedzero transmitter at atmospheric pressure

In the fieldstop process/wet leg input to transmitter

isolate the valvestransmitter vented

For DP Flow, equalize static pressureszero transmitter at atmospheric pressure


44A/D A/D --Zero Trim Zero Trim vsvs D/A ZeroingD/A Zeroing

Bench Calibration- PV: 0.0 inH2OOutput: 4.00 mARange Points: 060 inH2O

After Mounting - PV: 0.85 inH2OOutput: 4.22 mARange Points: 060 inH2O

A/D - Zero Trim using Communicator

PV: 0.0 inH2OOutput: 4.00 mARange Points: 0.60inH2O

Zero based Application

Similar to Low Trim - Zero Based

D/A - Zeroing using Zero Button

PV: 0.85 inH2OOutput: 4.00 mARange Points: 0.8560.85inH2OTo get back: Rerange using

CommunicatorSimilar to Re-ranging using zero button




45

AP/GPLine Pressure

Transmitter Mounting & Calibration Range

Max. Operating Pressure = 50 psig

Min. Operating Pressure = 5 psigGP: Ranged from 5 psig to 50 psig

Operating Span = 45 psi4 mA (0% reading) = 5 psig20 mA (100% reading) = 50 psig

AP: Ranged from 19.7 psia to 64.7 psiaOperating Span = 45 psi4 mA (0% reading) = 19.7 psia20 mA (100% reading) = 64.7 psia

Gas Flow

Basic Application Basic Application Line Pressure Line Pressure -- Gas Flow in a PipeGas Flow in a Pipe


46

AP/GPLine Pressure

Liquid Flow



Min. Operating Pressure = 50 psig

GP: Ranged from 50 psig to 500 psigOperating Span = 450 psi4 mA (0% reading) = 50 psig20 mA (100% reading) = 500 psig


GP = 50 + (8 - 4)/16 * 450 = 162.5 psig

AP = 64.7 + (8 - 4)/16 * 450= 177.2 psia

8 mA

If transmitter reads 8 mA

Basic Application Basic Application Line Pressure Line Pressure -- Liquid Flow in a PipeLiquid Flow in a Pipe




47

Steam Flow



Wet Leg Pressure = 10 psig

AP/GPLine Pressure

Wet Leg

GP: Ranged from 30 psig to 110 psig Operating Span = 80 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 30 psig 20 mA (100% reading) = 110 psig

AP: Ranged from 44.7 psia to 124.7 psia Operating Span = 80 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 44.7 psia 20 mA (100% reading) = 124.7 psia


Basic Application Basic Application Line Pressure Line Pressure -- Steam Flow in a PipeSteam Flow in a Pipe


48

100 inches

Steamline

Transmitter

Zero Suppression

Zero Suppression for Steam Line Pressure MeasurementTransmitter Ranged: 0 - 500 kPaOperating Span = 500 kPaWet Leg: 1 inch TubeWet Leg Liquid: 1.2 S.G.Steam Pressure: 400 kPa

WetLeg

At line pressure = 0 kPa, the sensor will sense wet leg pressure (Head).Wet leg pressure (Head) = Vert. Height * S.G

= 100 * 1.2 = 120 inH2O= 120 * 0.25 kPa= 30 kPa

4 mA point 20 mA point0 kPa 500 kPa

30 kPa 530 kPa

Before Suppression

After Suppression

Basic Application Basic Application Line Pressure Line Pressure -- Steam Flow in a PipeSteam Flow in a Pipe




49

AP/GP Static Pressure

Com

pres

sed

Gas

GP: Ranged from 0 psig to 200 psigOperating Span = 200 psi4 mA (0% reading) = 0 psig20 mA (100% reading) = 200 psig




Basic ApplicationBasic ApplicationStatic Pressure Static Pressure -- Pressurized VesselPressurized Vessel



50

AP/GP

Max. Operating Vacuum = 10 psi

Min. Operating Vacuum = 5 psi

GP: Ranged from -10 psig to -5psigOperating Span = 5 psi4 mA (0% reading) = -5 psig20 mA (100% reading) = -10 psig


Vacu

um

VacuumGenerator

Process

GP = - 5 - (8 - 4)/16 * 5= - 6.25 psig

AP = 9.7 - (8 - 4)/16 * 5 = 8.45 psia

8 mA



Basic ApplicationBasic ApplicationVacuum ApplicationVacuum Application




51

Max. Level = 50 ft

Min. Level = 0 ft

DP: Calibration Range: 0 inH2O to 600 inH2OOperating Span = (50 * 12) * 1.0

= 600 inH2O4 mA (0 ft) = 0 inH2O20 mA (50 ft) = 600 inH2O

DP = (8 - 4)/16 * 600= 150 inH2O

Level = 150/600 * 50= 12.5 ft


Basic ApplicationBasic ApplicationHydrostatic Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure -- Inferring Liquid Level in a TankInferring Liquid Level in a Tank


DP Head

Pressure

4mA

20mA Max. Level

Min. LevelL H

8 mA

0 ft

50 ft

S.G = 1.0


52

FE

FTFICCalibration Range: 4 to 64 inH2O

Flow : 100 to 400 GPM

0% of flow 100 GPM 4 inH2O DP 100 % of flow 400 GPM 64 inH2O DPIf transmitter reads 36 inH2O

Application Example:

36 inH2O

flow (Q2) ( 400/(64) ) * (36) = 300 GPM (300/400) * 100% = 75% of flow

Basic ApplicationBasic ApplicationInferring Flow Rate in a PipeInferring Flow Rate in a Pipe




53

Steam Service

Liquid Service

Gas Service

Gas Service

Slope

1 inch per footSlope

1 inch per foot

Condensate fall back into the pipe/process

Thermal isolation by filling condensate

Vapor will rise back into the pipe/ process

Mounting Configuration

Basic ApplicationBasic ApplicationMounting ConfigurationsMounting Configurations


54ExerciseExercise

1. A vessel contains a solution that is fibrous and viscous. A vacuum is pulled on the solution so that it will boil at a lower temperature. Which of the following would be most suitable technology to measure the level ?A. FloatB. UltrasonicC. Pressure transmitter with wet legD. Pressure transmitter with remote seal [ ]

An orifice plate creates a differential pressure of 64 kPa at flow rateof 40 m3/s through a pipe.

2. Calculate the differential pressure at 10 m3/s. [ ]3. Calculate the flow rate at 16 kPa differential pressure. [ ]4. Calculate DP accuracy (%) at 10 m3/s If the transmitters

reference accuracy is 0.1% of span. (DP sensitivity is 0.5) [ ]




55ExerciseExercise

Identify the correct configuration for the following services.

6. Liquid Service [ ]

7. Steam Service [ ](B) (C)(A)

5. In the above application, what amount of zero suppression (kPa) is required if the transmitter was ranged 0 - 600 kPa ? [ ]

Wet Leg:25mm TubeWet Leg Liquid:1.1 S.G.Steam Pressure:500 kPa6 m

Steamline

WetLeg

Transmitter (Note 1 mm H2O = 9.8 Pa)


56ExerciseExercise

8. Calculate the calibration range of the DP transmitter for the closed tank application(dry leg).

4 mA point = [ inH2O ]20 mA point = [ inH2O ] LH

400 in.450 in.

100%

0%

S.G = 1.0

DP

9. Calculate the calibration range of the DP transmitter for the remote seal application.

4 mA point = [ inH2O ]20 mA point = [ inH2O ]

DP

S.G = 1.1

50 in.

300 in.

100%

0%S.G = 0.9

250 in.

30 kPa Vacuum

LH

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Training - Pressure2