Trafficking in Persons Framework for Action TIP

7/28/2019 Trafficking in Persons Framework for Action TIP

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International Framework for Action

To Implement the Trafckingin Persons Protocol

OHCHR


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International Framework or Action

To Implement the Trafckingin Persons Protocol

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME

Vienna

United nationsnw Yrk, 2009


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The designations employed and the presentation o the material in this publication do not imply theexpression o any opinion whatsoever on the part o the Secretariat o the United Nations concerningthe legal status o any country, territory, city or area, or o its authorities, or concerning the delimita-tion o its rontiers or boundaries. Countries and areas are reerred to by the names that were inocial use at the time the relevant data were collected.

UNODC 2009

This publication has not been ormally edited.


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Acronyms and abbreviations

ASEAN: Association o Southeast Asian Nations

CoE: Council o Europe

CIS: Commonwealth o Independent States

COMMIT: Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Tracking

COP: Conerence o the Parties

CTOC: Convention on Transnational Organized Crime

ECOSOC: Economic and Social CouncilECPAT: End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Tracking o Children

or Sexual Purposes

LEF-IBF: LeInterventionsstelle r Betroene von Frauenhandel (Intervention

Centre or Victims o Tracking in Women)

ICMPD: International Centre or Migration Policy Development

ILO: International Labour Organization

IOM: International Organization or Migration

IPU: Inter-Parliamentary Union

NGO: Non-governmental organizations

ODIHR: Oce or Democratic Institutions and Human RightsOHCHR: Oce o the High Commissioner or Human Rights

OSCE: Organization or Security and Cooperation in Europe

TOC: Transnational Organized Crime

TOCC: Transnational Organized Crime Convention (see also UNTOC)

TIPP: Tracking in Persons Protocol

UN: United Nations

UNCAC: United Nations Convention against Corruption

UNDAW: United Nations Divisions or the Advancement o Women

UNDESA: United Nations Department o Economic and Social Aairs

UNDP: United Nations Development Programme

UN.GIFT: United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Tracking

UNHCHR: United Nations Oce o the High Commissioner or Human Rights

UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner For Reugees

UNIAP: United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Tracking

UNICEF: United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund

UNICRI: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute

UNIFEM: United Nations Development Fund or Women

UNODC: United Nations Oce on Drugs and Crime

UNTOC: United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime


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Acknowledgements

This Framework or Action was prepared by the principal drater Ms Georgina VazCabral.

The elaboration o this Framework would not have been possible without thecommitment o the ollowing experts who have contributed to this tool: Ms JanetteAmer (UNDAW/DESA), Ms Silke Albert (UNODC), Ms Marie-Anne Baulon(Ministry o Foreign Aairs, France), Ms Doris Buddenberg (UN.GIFT/UNODC),Ms Sheila Coutts (UN.GIFT/UNODC), Mr Richard Danziger (IOM), Mr DavidDolidze (Council o Europe), Ms Aranka-Livia Drha (UN.GIFT/UNODC),Ms Zsoa Farkas (Terre des Hommes), Mr Martin Fowke (UNODC), Ms FrancescaFriz-Prguda (UNHCR), Ms Anne Gallagher (OHCHR consultant), Ms Gao Yun(ILO), Mr Fernando Garcia-Robles (Organization o American States), Ms. AneliseGomes De Araujo (OSCE), Ms Vera Gracheva (OSCE), Mr Shadrach Haruna(UNODC), Ms Tejal Jesrani (UNODC), Ms Kristiina Kangaspunta (UNICRI),Ms Lena Karlsson (UNICEF), Ms Mariana Katzarova (OHCHR), Ms Anja Klug(UNHCR), Ms Andrea Koller (UNODC), Ms Julie Kvammen (UNODC),Ms Marika McAdam (UNODC), Ms Eurdice Mrquez Snchez (IOM), Jonathan

Martens (IOM), Mr Mohamed Mattar (The Protection Project, John HopkinsUniversity), Ms Yoshie Noguchi (ILO), Mr Theo Noten (ECPAT International),Mr. Roger Plant (ILO), Ms Riikka Puttonen (UNODC), Ms Evelyn Probst (IBF/LEF), Ms Anuradha Senmookerjee (UNIFEM), Ms Narue Shiki (UN.GIFT/UNODC), Ms Klara Skrivankova (Anti-Slavery International), Ms Alexandra SouzaMartins (UNODC), Ms Alexia Taveau (UNODC), Ms Susu Thatun (UNICEF),Mr Hans van de Glind (ILO), Ms Candice Welsch (UNODC).

This tool would not have been possible without the fnancial support o the Government

o France.


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Contents

Part one. Framework for Action: Introduction

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

I. What is the Framework or Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

II. Why elaborate a Framework or Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

III. Main cross-cutting challenges in the ght against tracking in persons . . . 5A. Knowledge and research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5B. Capacity-building and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C. Monitoring and evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

IV. Addressing the challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A. Guiding principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8B. The Framework or Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

V. How to read the Framework or Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Part two. Framework for Action: tables

Tables

1. Prosecution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172. Protection/Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263. Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404. National coordination/cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455. International cooperation/coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53


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Part One

Framework or Action:

Introduction


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3

Summary

The Framework or Action is a technical assistance tool that aims to assistUnited Nations Member States in the eective implementation o the United NationsProtocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Tracking in Persons, Especially Womenand Children (United Nations Tracking Protocol). The Framework or Actionconsists o a narrative part and a set o tables. The narrative describes key challengesin the implementation o the United Nations Tracking Protocol and proposesgeneral measures that can be taken in order to more eectively address these chal-lenges. The set o tables details these measures urther, through ve pillars containingpractical actions to support the implementation o the United Nations TrackingProtocol.

I. What is the Framework or Action

The Framework or Action is a technical assistance tool that assists United Nations

Member States in the eective implementation o the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress

and Punish Traicking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (United Nations

Traicking Protocol), supplementing the United Nations Convention against

Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC).

The Framework is based on the objectives o the United Nations Tracking Pro-tocol1 and its provisions, ollowing the three internationally recognized themes oprevention, protection and prosecution (the 3Ps) and national and internationalcooperation and coordination. It recommends operational measures or each o theProtocols provisions. These measures draw on other international instruments,political commitments, guidelines and good practices to enable the implementation

o a comprehensive anti-human tracking response.

The Framework will assist Member States in identiying gaps and putting in placeadditional measures they may need, in conormity with international standards. Theproposed measures and the resource documents listed are non-exhaustive and there-ore should be complemented by additional measures and tailored to countriesregional and national context as well as institutional and legal systems.

1The purpose o the United Nations Trafcking Protocol is defned in its article 2: (a) To prevent and combat trafcking in persons, paying particular attention to women and children; (b) To protect and assist the victims o such trafcking, with ull respect or their human rights; and (c) To promote cooperation among States Parties in order to meet those objectives.


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Part one. Framework or Action4

The United Nations Tracking Protocol was open or signature in December 2000.Almost a decade has since passed. Accordingly, the Framework refects not only the

text agreed upon a decade ago, but the knowledge and experience gained over thelast 10 years in attempting to give lie to that text or all those who respond totracking in persons and, most importantly, those who are victimized by it.

II. Why elaborate a Framework or Action

The United Nations Tracking Protocol stresses the need to adopt a comprehensiveapproach to tracking in persons which addresses all aspects o the crime andwhich balances criminal justice concerns with the need to ensure the rights andprotection o victims.

The United Nations Tracking Protocol entered into orce on 25 December 2003.Since then, while there has been progress in the number o ratications (132 StateParties as o September 2009) generating amendments to national legislation, therehas been less evidence o its eective implementation.

An overview o national measures and practices or the implementation o the Pro-tocol provisions2 has shown that the majority o States Parties to the Protocol haveadopted at least a minimal legislative and institutional ramework to ensure such

implementation. However, in view o the varying capacity o Member States to ullyimplement existing or uture measures in the areas under discussion, it concludedthat more concerted eorts have to be made to help Member States in need todevelop eective and multidisciplinary anti-tracking strategies and build dedicatedand sustainable resources to implement such strategies (CTOC/COP/2006/6/Rev.1).

The same conclusion can be drawn rom the results o the UN.GIFT data collec-tion published in the UNODC Global Report on Trafcking in Persons3 whichdemonstrates that, as o November 2008, 80 per cent o the 155 countries andterritories covered by the report had legislation comprising a specic oence on

tracking in persons in place. However, 40 per cent o the 155 countries coveredby the Global Report did not record a single conviction or tracking in personsrom 2003 until 2008. The remaining 60 per cent recorded less than 10 convictionsper year rom 2003 to 2008.4

2The overview is based on replies received rom States to the relevant questionnaire or the review o theimplementation o the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the United NationsTrafcking Protocol, CTOC/COP/2006/6/Rev.1.

http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/COP2008/CTOC%20COP%202006%206%20Rev1%20Final%20E.pd 3UNODC, Global Report on Trafcking in Persons, 2009, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafcking/global-report-on-trafcking-in-persons.html 4Ibid.


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Part one. Framework or Action 5

III. Main cross-cutting challenges in the fghtagainst trafcking in persons

The growing number o States Parties to the United Nations Tracking Protocolis an expression o the political will o Member States to combat human tracking.Nevertheless, ratication in itsel is not sucient to ensure its eective implementa-tion and impact on the ground.

The relevant reports o the Secretariat to the Conerence o Parties to theConvention,5 an analysis o existing regional and national action plans and corre-sponding evaluation reports and recent publications such as the Global Report onTrafcking in Persons all serve to highlight key cross-cutting challenges in the response

to tracking in persons.

A consistent challenge in the practical implementation o anti-human trackingactivities is allocation o sucient nancial resources.

The main topical challenges identied in prevention, protection and prosecutioneorts lie in the three ollowing areas: (a) knowledge and research, (b) capacity-building and development and (c) monitoring and evaluation.

In addition to the abovementioned topical challenges, insucient allocation oresources is a consistent challenge in the practical implementation o anti-human

tracking activities.

A. Knowledge and research

Knowledge o and research into the specic national, regional and internationaltracking in persons context is a prerequisite or the elaboration, implementationand evaluation o anti-human tracking strategies and development o evidence-based policies. Knowledge and research are also paramount to overcoming the currentpartial understanding o the crime and the violations o human rights it entails.

Although most countries have adopted a specic oence on tracking in persons,there is still a diversity o interpretations o and approaches to the Protocol and thedenition o tracking in persons used by Member States. Some only acknowledgecertain orms o exploitation or certain categories o victims or criminals, therebylimiting the scope and eectiveness o the response and hindering internationalcooperation among countries.

In order to strengthen national, regional and global eorts to ght human track-ing, a better understanding o the scope and nature o this crime is needed, including

5

See CTOC/COP/2005/3/Rev.2: http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/COP2008/CTOC%20COP%202005%203%20Rev2%20Final%20E.pdCTOC/COP/2006/6/Rev.1: http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/COP2008/CTOC%20COP%202006%206%20Rev1%20Final%20E.pd


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the labour exploitation dimension oten not properly addressed. Many countries stilldo not collect even basic data and many are not collecting data in a way that acili-

tates insight into the national situation, let alone meeting standards o internationalcomparability.6 The data available is rarely disaggregated by age, gender, nationality,ethnicity, ability or orm o exploitation.

In addition, there is a need or additional targeted and qualitative research to provideinsight into the multiaceted dimensions o the crime. Research should includeknowledge o the legal, social, cultural and economic circumstances that make chil-dren and adults vulnerable to tracking; knowledge o the demand actors whichuel all orms o tracking in persons; knowledge o the routes, changes in patterns/trends and modus operandi o the perpetrators; and knowledge o the social, culturaland legal responses that enable eective protection, rehabilitation, and integration

or reintegration o victims.

B. Capacity-building and development

Member States are aced with dierent challenges in preventing and combatingtracking in persons, not only because the extent and nature o the problem variesbut also due to dierent capacities across countries and regions.

For this reason, strengthening capacity at the national level is necessary so that

Member States have the institutional and technical ability to develop, implementand assess their own anti-human tracking policies and strategies.

In view o the complex and changing nature o the crime, it is also essential thatcountries be able to strengthen, adapt and maintain the required capacity over time.

A review o the reports o the Open-ended Interim Working Group o GovernmentExperts on Technical Assistance (CTOC/COP/2008/7) and o the rst and secondround o questionnaires on the implementation o the UNTOC and United NationsTracking Protocol and the background paper prepared by the Secretariat contain-ing proposals or technical assistance activities (CTOC/COP/WG.2/2007/2), as well

as the UNODC Global Report on Trafcking in Persons (2009), highlight thecapacity-building needs o Member States in all areas o the response to trackingin persons, namely: prevention, protection, prosecution, cooperation andcoordination.

For example, Member States must strengthen their capacity to analyze and developnational policies and strategies or the implementation o the United Nations Tra-cking Protocol, supported by national inter-agency coordination mechanisms inconsultation with civil society. Likewise, Member States should be able to developand carry out inormation and awareness-raising programmes or policymakers,criminal justice practitioners, border and immigration authorities, labour inspectors,

6UNODC, Global Report on Trafcking in Persons, 2009, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafcking/global-report-on-trafcking-in-persons.html


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IV. Addressing the challenges

A. Guiding principles

In order to address these challenges, there are a number o interacting principlesapplicable to all aspects o a comprehensive anti-human tracking response.

Human rights-based approach: The human rights o tracked persons shouldbe at the centre o all eorts to prevent and combat tracking and to protect,assist and provide redress to victims. Anti-tracking measures shall notadversely aect the human rights and dignity o persons, in particular the rightso those who have been tracked, and o migrants, unaccompanied and sepa-

rated children, internally displaced persons, reugees and asylum-seekers.10

Principle o non-discrimination: The measures set out in the United NationsTracking Protocol should be interpreted and applied in a way that is notdiscriminatory to persons on the ground that they are victims o trackingin persons. The interpretation and application o those measures should beconsistent with internationally recognized principles o non-discrimination.11

Gender-sensitive approach: Tracking in both men and women should beacknowledged and the similarities and dierences in the tracking experienceo women and men, in relation to vulnerabilities and violations should be

addressed. The dierential impacts o policies on men and women should alsobe taken into account.12 A gender-sensitive approach empowers potential andactual victims to access inormation and remedies, and to claim their humanrights. It includes ensuring that anti-tracking strategies address gender-baseddiscrimination and violence, and promote gender equality and the realizationo human rights or both women and men.

Child-Rights approach and child participation: All actions undertaken in relationto child victims and children at risk should be guided by applicable humanrights standards and in particular by the principles o protection and respector childrens rights as set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights

o the Child (CRC) and in its Optional Protocol on the sale o children, childprostitution and child pornography. Child victims are entitled to special pro-tection measures, irrespective o their legal status both as victims and as chil-dren, in accordance with their special rights and needs. In all actions concerningchildren at risk and child victims, the best interest o the child shall be theprimary consideration.13

10Ibid, The primacy o human rights, p. 3. 11Article 14 o the United Nations Trafcking Protocol.http://www.uncjin.org/Documents/Conventions/dcatoc/fnal_documents_2/convention_%20tra_eng.pd

12

UNIFEM, Trafcking in Persons: a Gender and Rights Perspective, 2002.http://www.uniem.org/attachments/products/trakit_eng.pd 13UNICEF Guidelines on the Protection o Child Victims o Trafcking, 2006.http://www.unice.org/ceecis/0610-Unice_Victims_Guidelines_en.pd


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The United Nations Trafcking Protocol and other international instruments:14The United Nations Tracking Protocol supplements the United Nations Con-

vention against Transnational Organized Crime and should be interpretedtogether with the Convention. Nothing in the Protocol shall aect the rights,obligations and responsibilities o States and individuals under internationallaw, including international humanitarian law and international human rightslaw, international labour standards and, in particular, where applicable, the1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status o Reugeesand the principle o non-reoulement as contained therein.15

Comprehensive international approach: Eective action to prevent and combattracking in persons, especially women and children, requires a comprehensiveinternational approach in the countries o origin, transit and destination

that includes measures to prevent such tracking, to punish the trackersand to protect the victims o such tracking, including by protecting theirinternationally recognized human rights.16

Interdisciplinary, coordinated, integrated approach: As a multidisciplinaryproblem, tracking in persons requires that policies on a variety o issues arecoordinated and consistent with the objective o preventing and combatingtracking in persons. Member States must ensure coordination among thevarious governmental agencies involved in anti-tracking activities, amongthose agencies and NGOs, and among the agencies in one Member State andthose in others.17

Evidence-based approach: Policies and measures to prevent and combat track-ing in persons should be developed and implemented based on data collectionand research and regular monitoring and evaluation o the anti-trackingresponse.

Sustainability: A sustainable anti-tracking response is one that endures overtime and is able to adapt creatively to changing conditions. Sustainability reersto coherence o practices in both time and eciency.

B. The Framework or Action

The Framework or Action ocuses on ve key pillars o intervention needed toensure an eective and comprehensive anti-tracking response: prosecution,protection, prevention, national coordination and cooperation, and internationalcooperation and coordination.

14See list o relevant international Conventions in Annex 15Article 14 United Nations Trafcking Protocol.

16

Preamble o the United Nations Trafcking Protocol. 17Measuring Responses to Trafcking in Human Beings in the European Union: an Assessment Manual, ECDirectorate General Freedom, Security and Justice, 2007.http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/sj/crime/trafcking/doc/assessment_18_10_07_en.pd


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1. Prosecution

Tracking in persons remains largely under-prosecuted and punished. Althoughmany countries have a specic oence criminalizing tracking in persons in all ormost o its orms, many countries still do not have a legal ramework covering allprovisions o the Protocol in a comprehensive manner. Conviction rates under thespecic oence o tracking remain low. In order to improve prosecution eorts,the ollowing measures are required:

(a) Develop or strengthen national legal rameworks so that they are compre-hensive and in compliance with the United Nations Tracking Protocol and ensuretheir implementation in line with the Protocol and other international standards,prioritizing the rights o victims:

i. Ensure that tracking in persons is a criminal oence as dened in theUnited Nations Tracking Protocol and prioritize the prosecution otracking in persons rather than related oences.

ii. Ensure criminalization o crimes related to tracking in persons, such ascorruption, money laundering, obstruction o justice and participation inan organized criminal group.

iii. Ensure that penalties and sanctions are appropriate and proportionate tothe gravity o the crime and that proceeds o tracking in persons areconscated.

iv. Ensure the rights o victims, including the rights o victims and witnesses

to protection beore, during and ater the prosecution o the crime, aswell as eective collaboration between law enorcement and social welare,and civil society.

v. Develop proactive, intelligence led investigative techniques without reli-ance on the testimony o victims,18 and establish and ensure implementa-tion o judicial procedures to avoid the re-victimization o trackedpersons, in particular children, during the judicial process.

(b) Ensure the enorcement o national anti-human tracking legislationincluding by issuing regulations, circulars and/or administrative guidelines and bystrengthening the capacity o criminal justice practitioners.

(c) Ensure the establishment o relevant institutions, such as specialized policeunits and judicial structures.

2. Protection

Many victims o trafcking are not identifed and thereore remain unprotected. The

identifcation o trafcked persons is a prerequisite or their access to assistance and

protection. Many countries still need to establish or improve victim identifcation proc-

esses and the corresponding reerral mechanisms. In order to improve the protection

o victims, the ollowing measures are required:

18European Commission Directorate-General Justice, Freedom and Security, Report o the Experts Group onTrafcking in Human Beings, 2004, p. 41.http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/doc_centre/crime/trafcking/doc/part_1_en.pd


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(a) Adopt or amend the necessary legislative measures or comprehensiveprotection o and assistance to victims o tracking and their empowerment and

protection rom re-victimization. (b) Develop or strengthen the identication process, including through iden-tication guidelines and procedures and other eective identication techniques.

(c) Ensure the enorcement o legislation measures including by issuingregulations, circulars and/or administrative guidelines.

(d) Establish or strengthen national reerral mechanisms or victim protectionand assistance, including reerral to the asylum-system where appropriate.

(e) Ensure the application o international standards and a human rights-based

approach to victim protection and assistance irrespective o their cooperation withlaw enorcement, taking into account the special needs o children. Such an approachincludes access to a range o assistance services, granting a refection period, accessto compensation, possibility o temporary or permanent residency and non-liability ovictims or their involvement in unlawul activities as a result or being tracked.

() Adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the return o a trackedperson is undertaken on a voluntary basis and that any decision to return ispreceded by a risk assessment and with due regard or his/her saety.

3. Prevention

Prevention is one o the most important aspects o an eective anti-human track-ing response. However, not all prevention strategies are integrated into broaderpolicies related to tracking in persons and many lack evidence-based research andplanning as well as impact evaluations. In order to improve prevention strategiesand programmes, the ollowing measures are required:

(a) Amend or adopt the necessary legislative measures and establish compre-hensive policies and programmes to prevent trafcking in persons and to protect

victims rom re-victimization, including measures to promote/support lawul migration

or decent work and or youth o working age.

(b) Ensure eective national child protection systems and the active participa-tion o children in the development o preventive measures.

(c) Ensure coherence among public policies related to tracking in persons(migration, crime prevention, education, employment, health, security, non-discrim-ination, economic development, protection o human rights, child protection, genderequality, among others).

(d) Develop or strengthen measures to reduce vulnerability to tracking byaddressing its root causes including the demand that osters all orms o trackingin persons, and social indierence to exploitation.

(e) Conduct needs assessments or and impact evaluations o preventionstrategies and programmes.


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(d) Promote ormal and inormal cooperation, such as establishing commu-nications procedures, and inormation and data exchange.

(e) Ensure coherence in policy recommendations and technical assistanceprovided by international and regional organizations.

() Ensure division o labour based on organizations mandates and core com-petencies in order to avoid unnecessary duplication o eorts and to rationalizeactivities to make them cost-eective.

(g) Promote cooperation and joint programming among international and

regional organizations or the development and implementation o common strategies

and programmes.

V. How to read the Framework or Action

The Framework or Action guides Member States in the implementation o theUnited Nations Tracking Protocol in each o the ve pillars needed to ensure aneective and comprehensive anti-tracking response: (a) prosecution, (b) protec-tion, (c) prevention, (d) national coordination and cooperation, and (e) internationalcooperation and coordination.

For each o the ve pillars, the Framework is subdivided into Protocol requirements,specic objectives, ramework indicators, implementation measures, operationalindicators and resources:

The Protocol requirements list the provisions set out in the United NationsTracking Protocol.

The specifc objectives describe the intent o the provisions.

Theramework indicators are the minimum standards required, mainly legal andinstitutional indicators, or the implementation o the Protocol provisions.

The implementation measures speciy practical recommended actions to achievean eective implementation o the United Nations Tracking Protocol.

The operational indicators reer to the implementation measures. They measurethe implementation and help monitor change over time.19

The resources reer to relevant documents, existing guidance, tools and goodpractices that can assist Member States in the implementation o the specicobjectives outlined in the Framework or Action.

19

The corresponding inormation should not only be collected but also disaggregated, e.g or personal data,by age, sex, nationality, social and economic background; or acts o trafcking, dierent means utilized, ormso exploitation and duration o exploitation; or service provision, whether services are provided by state or non-state actors. This list is non-exhaustive.


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Part Two

Framework or Action:

Tables


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Figure 1. guide to using the tables

PROTOCOLREQUIREMENTS

SPECIFICOBJECTIVES

Describe theintent o the

provisions

FRAMEWORKINDICATORS

Minimumstandard requiredor action against

trafcking

IMPLEMENTATIONMEASURES

Recommendedactions toachieve eective

implementation

OPERATIONALINDICATORS

Measure theimplementationand help monito

changes overtime


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table 1. ProseCution (Continued)

PROTOCOL

REQUIREMENTSSPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

FRAMEWORK

INDICATORS

(Minimum standard)

IMPLEMENTATION

MEASURES

OPERATIONAL

INDICATORS

Defnition andcriminalization o

trafcking in personsand related crimes

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member ses

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table 1. ProseCution


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PROTOCOL


FRAMEWORK

INDICATORS

(Minimum standard)

IMPLEMENTATION

MEASURES

OPERATIONAL

INDICATORS

Esure semrs r rl-

mers legl rers

mbg rkg

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(rle 10, r. 2, prl)


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table 2. ProteCtion/assistanCe (Continued)

PROTOCOL


FRAMEWORK INDICATORS

(minimum standard)

IMPLEMENTATION

MEASURESOPERATIONAL INDICATO

Esure eeve ess re ssse

mesures

Esure h ll rkeerss re rme buvlble re ssse serves lguge hey uers.irm be eherwre r rl

Esure h ess sulrserves s rve rre

Fle ess by llrke erss llmesures vlble vms rme

Esure reerrl rkeerss wh lm h heyre g rseu r herserus hrm u reur UnHcR, her reugeere rs /rsylum

Esure muul reerrlmehsms bewee erere resses e.g. hlre sysem, sylumsysem, mgrs re,wrker re sysem

Esure er wh -gvermel rgzs,her relev rgzs her elemes vlsey ey, rm,sur, reegre, re rke erss,lug rm beg re-rke (r mre elssee nl cr cer llr)

Exsee rm

vlble re

ssse serves

number rke ers

h hve ess serves

number rke ers

h reeve re

ssse mesures regrl

geer, ge, ly,

rm exl

number vms reerre

UnHcR, her reugee

re rs /r he

sylum uhres

Evee rml r rm

er bewee

gvermel sus

nGo, r her relev

skehlers

irese umber vms

ee reerre by

resers, lug lw

ereme sulr

ers

Mmum re

ssse quly srs

le

alle se resures

u re sysem


37/70


38/70


39/70


40/70


41/70


42/70


43/70


44/70


45/70


46/70


47/70

PROTOCOL



(minimum standard)

IMPLEMENTATION

MEASURESOPERATIONAL INDICATO

Very whu uresble

ely wheher rkg

vm s l r hs he

rgh erme resee

ssue he eessry rvel

umes r re-ery

(rle 8, r. 3 4)

Esure h he reur

vm rkg ersss wh ue regr r he

sey h ers r

he sus y legl

reegs rele he

h he ers s vm

s reerbly vlury (rle 8

r. 2)

Esure relev julreegs vlvg vm rkg re ggbere rerg he vm.i eessry legslvervss requrg ls rrbuls ressble rmers relg lleglmmgr er rer r rry u rers

er vm whleh ers ws (r my be)requre jul reegsgs llege trkers

Esure h here s lere reure vms les wh hereseve embsses heve ures he vms

Esure rer rskssessme lyss reure he vms ury rgbere rer. Eh semus be el wh seby-se bss mly whhe rle reuleme, lughrugh reerrl he sylumreure where relev

Esure he sey he vm,he sme rvss s my beeee esure here wesses sesvlvg rgze rme, suhs wers el ees,rele he vm r ssue ewey umes, ul besere here

Se reur ul be rgzeby blerl mullerlgreemes h se hesel ees rkehlre shul be ke u

number rsk ssessmes

ue le wh

erl lw reuge

re rles

Evee vlbly

mrg ls mesure

susbly reegr

mesures


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49/70


50/70


51/70


52/70


53/70


54/70


55/70


56/70


57/70

Providingoriginals

r ere es

relev

umes

rers

Identifyingor

rg rees

rme

Facilitatingthe

vluryere

erss he

requesg Se

ry

t esge erl

uhry reeve,

exeue rsm

requess

Transer osentencedpersons(rle 17,

cve)

t hghlgh hs

se rm

muul legl ssse

Sur exr

mehsm

(l surreer,

reur seee

ers ury

rg)

Use hs rm

ierl er r

Ses pres h wll

exre her w ls

ly uer

reur,

Where eessry esblsh blerl

mullerl greemes he rser

seee erss

Exsee blerl

mullerl greeme

rrgemes he

seee erss

ourree reque

use hs rm mu

legl ssse


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59/70

t requre requese

Se res ke

rulr mesures

se rees

rme r rery,

equme r her

srumeles

(reerre

rle 12, r.1)

Measures tostrengthen

cooperationamong bordercontrolagencies by,inter alia,establishingandmaintainingdirect channelsocommunication(rle 11, r. 6,

prl )

t eurge

sreghe

er remmu

mg brer rl

gees

Mke use he rmewrk regl

rgzs (amerl, Eurl, Eapcco (Es

ar), Sadc, SaRpco (Suher ar),aSEanpoL), ciS r intERpoL hus lg

erl er

Fl r er

wh erl

regl le errgzs le

(amerl, Eurl, Ea

(Es ar), SaRpcco

ar), (aSEanpoL), c

intERpoL)


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table 5. international CooPeration/Coordination (Continued)

PROTOCOL

REQUIREMENTS

SPECIFIC

OBJECTIVES


(Minimum Standard)

IMPLEMENTATION

MEASURES

OPERATIONA

INDICATORS

Cooperationamonginternationaland regionalorganizations

cre ves

mg erl

rgzs

Rlze resures

av ul

Ensure oherene n

poly reommendatons

and tehnal

assstane provded

cer bewee

regl rgzs

gve reg

cr rum/r

whh rmes er-gey

er r

le (e.g. icat )

Frmewrk r lle r

er le

dr r rum/

r le, le wh prs

delr a

Eeveess

prme j rgrmmg he

evelme mm sreges wrk

ls

Sreghe kwlege shrg er-gey

er he ll erl levels

Esure vs lbur bse

rgzs mes re meees

rer elme ul ers

rlze ves mke hem s-eeve

Esure skehler suls rer

ke sk gg ves lesss

lere whe evelg rgrmme/rje

Esure srg lkges bewee he Frmewrk

r a bjeves he ury ssse

rgrmmes rs rerg gees

irese y evelme sur rve

hrugh re rgrmmes sse

wh rers l sreges

Hrmze rres, sreges, -gvg

reures mg ures lg hem

wh ree ures elre rres,

sreges reures.

Rele r bul u exsg er

lles suh s he alle ags trkg

perss he oScE r cre Mekg

Mserl ive gs trkg(coMMit) r Un ier-agey prje

Hum trkg he Greer Mekg

Subreg (Uniap)

number j rgr

le

cmm sreges ls le

preure r he exh

shrg rm

le


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53

Annexes

(a) Resources reerred to in tables

ASEAN, Tracking in Persons: Handbook on International Cooperation, Asia RegionalTracking In Persons (ARTIP, UNODC),To be published at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-tracking/publications.html

Asia ACTs against Child Tracking : Protecting the Rights and Dignity o the Tracked

Child in South East Asia 2007Available at: http://myanmar.humanitarianino.org/Protection/Reerence%20Documents/Pro-tecting%20the%20Rights%20and%20Dignity%20o%20the%20Traicked%20Child%20in%20SE%20Asia.pd

COMMIT Memorandum o Understanding:Available at: http://www.no-tracking.org/reports_docs/commit/commit_eng_mou.pd

COMMIT Sub-regional Plan o ActionAvailable at: http://www.no-tracking.org/reports_docs/commit/commit_spa2_nal.pd

Council o Europe, Handbook or parliamentarians: The Council o Europe Convention onAction against Tracking in Human Beings, 2007Available at: http://assembly.coe.int/committeedocs/2007/Tracking-human-beings_E.pd

CIS Program o Co-operation to Combat Tracking in Human Beings or 2007-2010.http://www.cis.minsk.by/main.aspx?uid=6630

European Commission, Measuring Responses to Tracking in Human Beings in the Euro-pean Union: An Assessment Manual, 2007Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/news/events/anti_tracking_day_07/indicators_manual.pd

Guidelines (N.7) on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses o CrimeECOSOC Resolution 2005/20 22 July 2005Available at: http://www.un.org/docs/ecosoc/documents/2005/resolutions/Resolution%202005-20.pd

ICMPD, Guidelines or the development and implementation o a comprehensive nationalanti-tracking response, 2006Available at: http://www.childtracking.com/Docs/icmpd2_061106.pd

ILO, Human tracking and orced labour exploitation, Guidelines or legislation and lawenorcement, Special action programme to combat orced labour, 2005

Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_081999.pd


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Framework or Action54

ILO, Combating tracking in children or labour exploitation: A resource kit or policy-makers and practitioners, 2008

Available at: http://www.ilo.org/ipecino/product/viewProduct.do?productId=9130ILO, Forced labour and human tracking: A handbook or labour inspectors, 2008Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_097835.pd

Interpol, Model [bilateral] police Cooperation agreement Interpolwww.interpol.int/public/ICPO/LegalMaterials

IOM, Handbook on Direct Assistance or Victims o Tracking, 2007Available at: http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/pub-lished_docs/books/CT%20handbook.pd

IOM/UN.GIFT, Guiding Principles on Memoranda o Understanding between key Stake-holders and Law enorcement agencies on Counter-Tracking Cooperation, 2009Available at: http://www.ungit.org/docs/ungit/pd/humantracking/Guiding_Principles_annexe.pd

IOM/UN.GIFT, Caring or Tracked Persons: Guidance or Health Providers, 2009Available at: http://www.ungit.org/docs/ungit/Steering-committee/CT_Handbook.pd

IOM/Austrian Federal Ministry o the Interior, Resource Book or Law Enorcement Ocerson Good Practices in Combating Child Tracking, 2006

Available at: http://www.iomvienna.at/les/Upload/Resource_Book_on_Child_Tracking_open_version_1.pd

OSCE, Human Tracking or Labour Exploitation/Forced and Bonded Labour: Identica-tion-Prevention-Prosecution; Human tracking or Labour Exploitation/Forced and BondedLabour: Prosecution o Oenders, Justice or Victims. Occasional paper, 2008Available at: http://www.osce.org/publications/cthb/2008/05/31148_1143_en.pd

OSCE, Eorts to combat tracking in human beings in the OSCE area: co-ordination andreporting mechanisms. 2008 Annual Report o the OSCE Special Representative and Co-ordinator or Combating Tracking in Human Beings presented at the Permanent CouncilMeeting, 13 November 2008

Available at: http://www.osce.org/publications/cthb/2009/02/36298_1239_en.pd

OSCE/ODIHR, National Reerral Mechanisms. Joining Eorts to Protect the Right o Tra-cked Persons. A Practical Handbook, 2004Available at: http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2004/05/12351_131_en.pd

OSCE/ODIHR, Report on Compensation or Tracked and Exploited Persons in the OSCERegion, 2008Available at: http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2008/05/31284_1145_en.pd

South Eastern Europes Struggle Against Tracking in Persons. Stability Pact or South

Eastern Europe. Task Force on Tracking in Human Beings, 2004Available at: http://www.osce.org/documents/pd_documents/2004/07/15241-1.pd


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Annex 55

UN, Legislative guide or the implementation o the United Nations Convention againstCorruption

Available at: http://www.unodc.org/pd/corruption/CoC_LegislativeGuide.pd

UN Guidelines or Justice in matters involving child victims and witnesses o crime, 2005Available at: http://www.unodc.org/pd/criminal_justice/Guidelines_E.pd

UNOHCHR, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Tra-cking. E/2002/68/Add.1 20 May 2002Available at: http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.ns/0/ca3deb2b05d435c1256b30051a003/$FILE/N0240168.pd

UNDAW/DESA, Handbook or legislation on violence against women, 2009http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/vaw/v-handbook.htm

UNDP, Toolkit on Human Tracking and HIV (to be published)UNDP and Civil Society Organizations: a Toolkit or Strengthening Partnerships, 2006Available at: http://www.undp.org/partners/cso/publications/CSO_Toolkit_linked.pd

UN.GIFT, The Vienna orum report: a way orward to combat human tracking, Corrup-tion and human tracking: the grease that acilitates the crime, 2008Available at: http://www.ungit.org/docs/ungit/pd/v/ebook2.pd

UNHCR, Guidelines on International Protection: The application o Article 1A(2) o the

1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status o Reugees to victims o tra-cking and persons at risk o being tracked.Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/reworld/rwmain?docid=443679a4&page=search

UNHCR, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Track-ing, 2002Available at: http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.ns/(Symbol)/E.2002.68.Add.1.En?Opendocument

UNHCR, Reugee Protection and Human Tracking, Selected Legal Reerence Materials,First Edition December 2008

Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/reworld/docid/498705862.html

UNICEF, Guidelines or Protection o the Rights o Children Victims o Tracking inSoutheastern Europe, Regional Oce, GenevaAvailable at: http://www.unice.org/ceecis/GUIDELINES_Protection_o_Victims_o_Track-ing.pd

UNICEF, Implementation Handbook or the Convention on the Rights o the Child, 1998Available at: http://www.violencestudy.org/europe-ca/PDF/handbook_2_CHECKLISTS.pd

UNICEF, Guidelines on the protection o child victims o tracking, Technical Notes, 2006

Available at: http://www.unice.org/russia/0610-Unice_Victims_Guidelines_en.pd


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UNICEF, Reerence guide on protecting the rights o child victims o tracking in Europe,2006

Available at: http://www.unice.org/ceecis/protection_4440.html

UNICEF/Government o India, Manual or Medical Ocers, Dealing with Child victims oTracking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation, 2005Available at: http://wcd.nic.in/ManualMedicalOcers.pd

UNICEF/Government o Kosovo, Lets Talk: Developing Eective Communication withChild Victim o Abuse and Human Tracking, 2004Available at: http://www.childtracking.org/pd/user/handbook_lets_talk_a5_eng.pd

UNICEF/IPU, Handbook or Parliamentarians: Combating Child Tracking, 2005,Available at: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/childtrac_en.pd

UNICEF/UNODC, Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses o Crime:Model Law and Related Commentary , 2005 Including Child Friendly Version with thesame title and year o publicationAvailable at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reorm/UNODC_UNICEF_Model_Law_on_Children.pd

UNODC, The Competent National Authorities (CNAs) on-line Directory Online. www.unodc.org/compauth/en/index.html

UNODC, Mutual Legal Assistance request writer tool www.unodc.org/mla/

UNODC, Anti-corruption Toolkit, 2004Available at: http://www.unodc.org/pd/crime/corruption/toolkit/corruption_un_anti_corrup-tion_toolkit_sep04.pd

UNODC, Compendium o International legal Instruments on Corruption , 2005Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/corruption/publications_compendium_e.pd

UNODC, Legislative guide or the implementation o the TOCC and its Protocols, 2005Available at: http://www.unicri.it/wwd/justice/andean_countries/andean-docs/CAC%20-%20Guidelines%20(Eng).pd

UNODC, Compendium o United Nations standards and norms in crime prevention andcriminal justice, 2006Available at: http://www.un-casa.org/bulletinboard/Deault.aspx?g=posts&t=171

UNODC, Model Law on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, 2007Available at: http://www.unodc.org/pd/legal_advisory/Model%20Law%20on%20MLA%202007.pd

UNODC, Good practices or the protection o witnesses in criminal proceedings involvingorganized crime, 2008Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Witness-protection-manual-

Feb08.pd


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Annex 57

UNODC, Inormal Expert working group on joint investigations report, 2008Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/COP2008/crp5.pd

UNODC Toolkit to Combat Tracking in Persons (2nd edition), 2008Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-tracking/HT_Toolkit08_English.pd

UNODC, Model Law against Tracking in Persons, 2009Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-tracking/UNODC_Model_Law_on_Tracking_in_Persons.pd

UNODC, First Aid Kit or First Responders, 2009To be published at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-tracking/publications.html

UNODC/IPU/UNGIFT, Handbook or Parliamentarians, 2009

Available at: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/trackingp-e.pd

UNODC, Assessment Toolkit on the Criminal Justice Response to Human TrackingTo be published at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-tracking/publications.html

World Health Organization, Ethical and Saety Recommendations or Interviewing TrackedWomen, 2003Available at: http://www.who.int/gender/documents/en/nal%20recommendations%2023%20oct.pd

(b) International legal instruments related to TiP*

Arican Charter on Human and Peoples RightsAvailable at: http://www.hrcr.org/docs/Banjul/arhr.html

American Convention on Human RightsAvailable at: http://www.hrcr.org/docs/American_Convention/oashr.html

Arab Charter on Human Rights, 2004Available at: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/loas2005.html

Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action or the Elimination o theWorst Forms o Child Labour, 1999 (Convention No. 182), o the International LabourOrganizationAvailable at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc87/com-chic.htm

Convention on the Elimination o All Forms o Discrimination against WomenAvailable at: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/vaw/Inventory.update.oct.2007.as%20posted.pd

Convention on the Rights o the Child, United NationsAvailable at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm

* This list is extracted rom the Handbook or Parliamentarians, Combating Human Trafcking, UN.GIFT, IPUand UNODC, 2009.


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Convention relating to the Status o Reugees, 1951, United Nations, Treaty Series. vol. 189,p. 137

Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/reworld/docid/3be01b964.html

Council o Europe Convention on Action against Tracking in Human BeingsAvailable at: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/HTML/197.htm

Council o Europe, Convention on the Transer o Sentenced Persons, 1983Available at: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/112.htm

Council o the European Union ramework decision 2002/629/JHA o 19 July 2002 oncombating tracking in human beingsAvailable at:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32002F0629:EN:HTML

Declaration on the Elimination o Violence against Women, General Assembly Resolu-tion 48/104 o 20 December 1993Available at: http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.ns/(symbol)/a.res.48.104.en

Economic Community o West Arican States Declaration on the Fight Against Track-ing in PersonsAvailable at: www.iss.co.za/A/RegOrg/unity_to_union/pds/ecowas/6Dechutra.pd

Hague Convention on Protection o Children and Cooperation in respect o IntercountryAdoption

Available at: http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.pd&cid=69

ILO Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour, 1930 (Convention No. 29)Convention or the Suppression o the Trac in Persons and o the Exploitation o theProstitution o OthersAvailable at: www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C029

Inter-American Convention on International Trac in MinorsAvailable at: www.oas.org/juridico/english/Treaties/b-57.html

International Convention on the Protection o the Rights o All Migrant Workers and

Members o Their FamiliesAvailable at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cmw.htm

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights o the Child on the sale o children,child prostitution and child pornographyAvailable at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-sale.htm

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights o the Child on the involvement ochildren in armed confictAvailable at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-confict.htm

Organization o Arican Unity, Convention Governing the Specic Aspects o Reugee Prob-lems in Arica (OAU Convention), 10 September 1969, 1001 U.N.T.S. 45,Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/reworld/docid/3ae6b36018.html


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Annex 59

Protocol against the Smuggling o Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing theUnited Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC%20Con-vention/TOCebook-e.pd

Protocol Relating to the Status o Reugees, 30 January 1967, United Nations, Treaty Series,vol. 606, p. 267,Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/reworld/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Tracking in Persons, Especially Women andChildren, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organ-ized CrimeAvailable at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC%20Con-vention/TOCebook-e.pd

Protocol to the Arican Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Establishment oan Arican Court on Human and Peoples RightsAvailable at: www.achpr.org/english/_ino/court_en.html

Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Tracking(Report o the United Nations High Commissioner or Human Rights to the Economicand Social Council (E/2002/68/Add.1)Available at: http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.ns/e06a5300-90a0238025668700518ca4/ca3deb2b05d435c1256b30051a003/$FILE/N0240168.pd

Rome Statute o the International Criminal CourtAvailable at: http://untreaty.un.org/cod/icc/statute/romera.htm

Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Similar Institutions and Practices Convention o1926 (Slavery Convention o 1926)Available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/slavery.htm

South Asian Association or Regional Cooperation Convention on Preventing and Com-bating Tracking in Women and Children or ProstitutionAvailable at: http://www.humantracking.org/uploads/publications/SAARC_Convention_on_Tracking___Prostitution.pd

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition o Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutionsand Practices Similar to SlaveryAvailable at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/slavetrade.htm

United Nations, Declaration o Basic Principles o Justice or Victims o Crime and Abuseo Power, 1985Available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/victims.htm

United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized CrimeAvailable at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC%20Con-vention/TOCebook-e.pd

WHO Drat guiding principles on human organ transplantationAvailable at: www.who.int/ethics/topics/transplantation_guiding_principles/en/index.html


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