[C om m unicated to the Council C « 4 ,3 . M . 1 2 a 1937. X I.an d th e Members of th e League.] [O.C./A.R.1 9 3 5 /5 3 ^ . ]

(Issued in English only.)

Geneva, M arch 5 th , 1937.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

TRAFFIC IN OPIUM AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS

ANNUAL REPORTS BY GOVERNMENTS FOR 1935

CONCERNING PREPARED OPIUM

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS PERLISTHE FEDERATED MALAY STATES KELANTANJOHORE TRENGGANU andKEDAH BRUNEI.

Communicated by the Government of the United Kingdom.

Note by the Secretary-General.

In accordance w ith Article 21 of th e C onvention for lim iting the M anufacture and regu la ting th e D is tr ib u tio n of N arcotic D rugs of 1931, th e Secretary-G eneral has the honour to com m unica te herew ith to the partie s to th e C onvention a n d to o th er S ta tes the above- m entioned report.

(F o r the form of annual reports, see document O.C.1422(c) ( 2 ) . )

C o n t e n t s . P ag e

Introduction .— O bservations applicable to th e M alayan Territories in g e n e r a l ..................... 1

Part I .— In d iv id u a l R ep o rts fu rn ished b y th e G overnm ents of th e U nderm entioned Territo ries :

A. S tra its S e t t l e m e n t s ................................................................................................................. 3B. F ed e ra ted M alay S t a t e s ....................................................................................................... 9C. Jo h o re ................................................................................................................................... 10D . K edah .................................................................................................................................... 11E. Perlis .................................................................................................................................... 13F . K e l a n t a n .................................................................................................................................... 14G. T r e n g g a n u ................................................................................................................................... 16H. B runei ................................................................................................................................... 17

Part I I .— S ta tis tica l F orm s I to X in which are ta b u la te d all the S ta tis tical F iguresapp en d ed to th e A bove-m entioned R e p o r t s ............................................................................. 18

I n t r o d u c t io n .

O B S E R V A T IO N S A P P L IC A B L E TO T H E MALAYAN T E R R IT O R IE S IN G E N E R A L .

( i ) The contro l of opium w ith in the S tra its Settlem ents and M alay S ta tes worked sa tisfactorily an d th e re was no change in the laws governing im port, export an d transh ipm ent. The exclusive r ig h t to im p o rt opium , rem ove opium from one M alayan te rr i to ry to another, or to prepare , sell or re ta il p rep ared opium is vested in the superin tenden t of the local Govern­m ent O pium Monopoly. P rep a red opium is im p o rted in to the M alay S ta tes from the Excise D epartm en t, S ingapore, p acked in tubes ready for re ta il sale. The sale of p repared opium in G overnm ent shops to reg iste red sm okers is th e only legal form of sale w ith in these adm inistrations.

S. d. N. 630. 3/37. Im p . Réunies, Charabéry.

( t i ) No p ro p ag an d a specially organised tow ards com bating th e use of p repared opium am ongst young people is ca rried ou t, b u t th e activ ities of the H ea lth B ranch of th e Medical D ep artm en t, th ro u g h its various services, are d irec ted generally aga inst th e use of opium.

(H i) The G overnm ent does n o t em ploy d irect ac tion as regards p ropaganda , b u t i t exerts th e m ost powerful influence in its policy tow ards am elio ra ting the social conditions of the people — p articu la rly those of th e poorer classes— an d tow ards encouraging h ea l th y ou tdoor games. U nder th is influence, the s ta n d a rd of living of th e Chinese working-classes is s tead ily im proving a n d th e opium -sm oking h ab it is defin ite ly on th e wane.

( iv ) The social h ab its of th e people have changed considerab ly during th e p as t ten years, a n d th e change has been m ost noticeable am ongst th e Chinese com m unity an d in the larger towns. O utdoor gam es now occupy a large a n d increasing po rtion of th e spare tim e of th e y ounger generation of b o th sexes. Sports grounds are to be found in all tow ns an d villages a n d are eagerly used on m ost evenings of th e week. F o o tb a ll a n d o th er m atches a t t r a c t large crowds an d are topics of conversa tion of unceasing in teres t. All these activ ities keep people in te re s te d in h ea l th y pursu its an d offer facilities for spend ing m an y hours out-of-doors. Such ac tiv ities h ave an influence on. th e ten d e n cy to ad o p t hab it-fo rm ing vices an d save m an y you ths from becom ing ac q u a in ted w ith th e vice of opium -sm oking. A no ther recen t developm ent w hich offers co u n te r-a ttra c tio n s to opium -sm oking is th e p o p u la r i ty of am usem en t parks , w hich have been opened during th e p as t few years in m an y towns. These am usem ent parks are pa tron ised b y large num bers of Chinese of all classes n ig h tly an d offer a cheap an d h ea lth y even ing ’s en te rta in m en t.

One of th e m ost beneficial social developm ents of recen t years is th e creation an d develop­m en t of the S ingapore Im p ro v em en t T rust. I n 1927, th e G overnm ent se t aside a fu n d of 10 000 000 S tra its dollars for slum im p ro v em en t schemes b y th is T rust. T he fu n d has n o t yet been fu lly expended , b u t an u n d er tak in g has been given th a t a fu r th e r sum will be prov ided w hen i t is exhausted . U p to th e end of 1934, th e Im p ro v em en t T ru s t h ad acqu ired large blocks of slum p ro p e rty a n d pulled th em down or estab lished open spaces in the ir centres. A bout fifty acres of land , bordering on a crow ded Chinese area a n d form erly occupied b y sq u a tte rs , h av e been b o u g h t, filled in, p ro v id ed w ith roads, a n d la id o u t in bu ild ing lo ts for sale w ith a v iew to relieving th e congestion. T he T ru s t has b u ilt 118 b e t te r class co ttages for occupation b y th e clerical classes an d tw o large blocks of ten em en ts com prising ab o u t 250 rooms. I t has also erected 224 a r tisan s’ dwellings conven ien tly s i tu a ted in the o u tsk ir ts of th e city . In th is w ay, th e dwellers in the slum s are being p rov ided w ith v ac an t spaces a n d m ore a iry dwellings an d th e a r tisan a n d clerical classes are being encouraged to m ove in to th e o u te r suburbs. T he m ovem ent ou tw ards is being fac ilita ted b y a cheap a n d efficient bus service. Sim ilarly, in Penang, b y m eans of a g ra n t of 300 000 S tra its dollars ap p ro v ed in 1934 b y th e Legislative Council, th e m u n ic ipa lity has been enab led to em b ark on schemes of slum clearance. I t will b e realised th a t , so fa r as am usem ents are concerned, these co u n te r-a ttra c tio n s ac t w ith g rea te r force up o n tow n-dw ellers, b u t th e rap id expansion of cheap a n d frequen t t ran sp o r t services be tw een the tow ns an d neighbouring villages now enables th e ru ra l dwellers to avail them selves of these u rban am enities an d so relieves the ted iu m of life in the rem o te r districts. This revolu tion in th e conditions of life of coolies in rem ote d is tric ts was well b ro u g h t ou t b y the rep resen ta tiv es of th e M alayan G overnm ents a t Bangkok. The following e x tra c t from the ir rep o rt is ta k e n from page 02 of th e M inutes of th e Conference on th e Suppression of Opium - sm oking, held in B angkok, as q u o ted b y Sir Malcolm Delevingne :

“ I t is th e bu ild ing of th e road system an d the com ing of th e cheap m otor-car th a t has revolu tion ised com m unica tions in M alaya an d has h a d such an effect on the m an n er of life of the popu lation , especially of th e Chinese population . M otor-cars in g rea t num bers ru n on every ro ad an d th e re are regular ru n s of h ired cars from groups of es ta te s or mines in to villages, from one village to an o th e r an d from villages in to towns. The cost of a seat in a h ired ca r is incred ib ly cheap and the coolie can now, for a very few cents, get in to village or tow n in a h ired ca r a t n igh t w here i t was o u t of the question for him to walk a long d istance in days gone b y . . . This has h a d a g rea t effect on th e coolie’s wayof life. Before, th e re was n o th ing for h im to do a t n ig h t excep t s it in his Kongsi house or coolie lines ; he h a d no in te re s t an d no re lax a tio n w as possible to h im ; . . . h e onlycam e in to a to w n once in six m o n th s or once in a y ea r ; in alm ost every coolie line, there w as an old opium -sm oker, a n d o thers took to i t qu ite n a tu ra l ly to while aw ay th e tim e a t n ight, b u t to -day , rid ing th e ir bicycles or p ay ing for a sea t in a h ired car, th e y m ake their w ay in to the tow ns an d villages q u ite often in an evening.

“ T his g rea t ro a d deve lopm en t has accom panied o th er developm ents b y which o ther forms of am usem ent, recrea tion a n d re lax a tio n h av e become availab le for th e coolie. There are m ore Chinese th ea tre s , th e re a re cinemas in villages of an y size an d th ere are ‘ ta lk ies ’ in every tow n a n d th e coolie has begun to ta k e an in te re s t in these am usem ents. B u t easy access to cen tres of p o p u la tio n is th e g re a t th in g ; if a coolie can get in to a village easily an d m eet his friends in an evening in a teashop or a ro u n d a h aw ker’s stall, i t does m uch to rem ove th e conditions w hich predispose h im to sm oke op iu m .”

T he annua l repo rts of th e Medical D e p a r tm en t of th e S tra its S e ttlem en ts an d the Malay S ta tes h av e show n a s tead ily im prov ing s ta n d a rd of health . The H e a lth Service has been ex tended to em brace in fan t a n d child-welfare work, an te -n a ta l an d m a te rn ity service a n d the education of the poorer classes in e lem en ta ry hygienic principles. A lthough no t directly aim ed a t th e suppression of opium -sm oking, these ac tiv ities am ongst th e Chinese poor cannot fail to have a repressive effect. The G overnm ent trave lling dispensaries pay regu lar visits

— 3 —

to th e villages in m ost p a r ts of th e cou n try an d p rovide free tre a tm e n t for sim ple ailm ents. The hospita ls all over th e co u n try offer special inducem en ts in th e w ay of com fortable w ards an d ap p ro p ria te t r e a tm e n t for th e cure of addic ts . A t one tim e, th e anti-opium -sm oking w ards were very well pa tron ised , b u t during recen t years th e n u m b er of app lican ts for adm ission has dwindled. T he facilities, however, still exist. All G overnm en t hosp ita ls p rovide accom ­m o d atio n for th e poorest classes a n d the m a jo rity of p a tien ts are Chinese. If i t is true , as is o ften asserted , t h a t th e first s tep tow ards opium ad d ic tion is o ften ta k e n to alleviate pain, th en th e G overnm ent hospita ls all over the c o u n try offer a b e t te r a n d safer m eans of relief. The efforts of the H e a lth D e p artm en t are co n s tan tly being s tren g th en ed w ith the a id of G overn ­m en t funds an d are d irec ted tow ards raising still fu r th e r th e level of h ea lth an d well-being of th e com m unity . I t is believed th a t these efforts are in fluen tia l in reducing th e num ber of v ictim s of opium -sm oking.

(v ) T he G overnm ent is no t d irectly in te re s ted in a n y p riv a te organisa tion engaged in activ ities to co m b a t th e use of p repared opium.

T he n u m b er of op ium add ic ts seeking hosp ita l t r e a tm e n t still rem ains a t a low level and th e t re a tm e n t g iven has no t been appreciab ly altered. I t is n o t considered necessary to give deta iled hospita l figures, as th ey w ould no t rep resen t a t ru e p ic tu re of th e nu m b er of opium add ic ts in th e coun try . A ccom m odation is s till available in all th e hospita ls for opium addic ts who presen t them selves.

T he opium -sm okers are alm ost exclusively Chinese. T hough a large n u m b er of sm okers are of th e coolie class, all classes of the Chinese co m m u n ity are represented.

( v i) I t is an offence to sell or offer for sale an y ch an d u dross excep t to the G overnm ent O pium Monopoly. I t is also an offence to be in possession of an y ch an d u dross exceeding five tah ils in w eight ( i tah il = oz.). Dross p u rch ased by th e G overnm ent is d iv ided in to tw oqualities, th e first q u a li ty being p a id for a t th e ra te of 7 S tra i ts dollars a tah il a n d the second qu a li ty a t 1.50 S tra its dollars a tahil. Dross of still poorer q u a lity is also received b y the G overnm ent, b u t is n o t p a id for. All dross p u rch ased or confiscated in th e M alay S ta tes is des troyed b y b u rn in g a n d in th e Colony is ta k e n ou t to sea an d d um ped in deep water.

Part I.

A. A N N U A L R E P O R T BY T H E S T R A IT S S E T T L E M E N T S G O V ER N M E N T.

I. (a) N ew Legislative and A dm inistrative M easures taken during the Year in regard to the Use of Prepared O pium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

N ew Legislation.— D uring the year under review, th e following legislation wTas en ac ted :

1.

2.

3 -

4 -

5-

6 .

N umber

O rdinance No. 18 of 1935

O rdinance No. 54 of 1935

Gazette N otifica tion No. 2759

Gazette N otifica tion No. 2760

Gazette N otifica tion No. 2853

Gazette N otifica tion No. 2854

D escriptive title

A n ord inance to am en d O r­d inance No. 117 (C handu Revenue)

A n ord inance to am end O r­d inance No. 117 (Chandu R evenue)

A m endm en ts to rules

A m endm ents to rules

N o tifica tion of approval o* No. 2759

N otifica tion of approval of No. 2760

D ate of publication

May 17th, 1935

D ecem ber 6 th , 1935

O ctober 25th, 1935

October 2 5 t h ,1935

N ovem ber 1st, 1935

N ovem ber 1st, 1935

Reasons for Adoption of the Legislation mentioned above.

1. O rdinance No. 18 of 1935 :

(a ) To give effect to Article 2 of th e Agreem ent, signed a t B angkok on Novem ber 27th, 1931, of th e Conference on th e Suppression of Opium -sm oking convened under A rticle X I I of th e G eneva O pium A greem ent b y :

(1) P ro h ib itin g persons under tw en ty-one years of age from sm oking opium an d from en te rin g any sm oking-establishm ent ;

(2) M aking it an offence, for w hich severe penalties, including a te rm of im prison ­m en t, are prov ided , to induce a person under tw en ty-one years of age to smoke opium or to en te r an y opium -sm oking-establishm ent or to procure opium or to facilita te an y such ac t on th e p a r t of such a person ;

— 4 —

(b ) To enable a court in special cases to inflict a p u n ish m en t less th a n th e prescribed n o rm al m in im um ;

(c) To b ring in to conform ity th e provisions re la tin g to trave lle rs b y land , sea or a ir ;(d) To give revenue officers in ce rta in cases th e sam e powers of e n try as a police-

officer.

2. O rdinance No. 54 of 1935 :

To es tab lish th e l iab ility of a n y person who, being th e owner, te n a n t , lessee or occupier of a n y premises, know ingly perm its such prem ises to be used as a p lace for the consum ption of chandu in re tu rn for rem u n e ra tio n or w ho m anages or assists in the m an ag em en t of such premises.

N .B .— R ecom m ended b y th e S tand ing O pium A dvisory C om m ittee of M alaya.

3. Gazette N otifica tion No. 2759 :

(a) To em pow er th e su p e r in ten d en t to ra tio n th e q u a n t i ty of ch a n d u to be sold daily to each sm oker ;

(b ) To em pow er th e su p e r in ten d en t to cancel reg is tra tions w hen a reg is te red sm oker has no t pu rch ased ch an d u for a period exceeding one m o n th or to re in s ta te nam es a t his discretion ;

(c) To lim it th e m ax im u m daily purchases of an in d iv idua l sm oker to 2 chi ;(d) To in tro d u ce a new Schedule A giving au th o r i ty to becom e a nom inee purchaser.

4. Gazette N otifica tion No. 2760 :

To confine th e pow er to give th e certificates m en tio n ed in Gazette N otifica tionNo. 2277 of D ecem ber 1st, 1933, to G overnm ent Medical Officers— i.e., certificates toenable sm okers to be reg is te red af te r th e closing of th e registers.

Adm inistra tive M easures.— T he au th o rised sale of ch an d u in th e S tra its S e ttlem en ts took p lace solely th ro u g h th e m ed ium of G overnm ent shops. On J a n u a ry 1st, th e re were s ix ty - five shops, all for th e sale of ch a n d u for consum ption off th e premises. On D ecem ber 31st, th e re were s ix ty shops.

Two chandu shops in S ingapore were closed in 1935. Three ch a n d u shops in th e Dindings w ere ta k e n over b y th e F ed e ra ted M alay S ta tes G overnm ent on th e retrocession of t h a t te r r i to ry on F eb ru a ry 16th.

T he revised system of reg is tra tion , com m enced in 1933, was developed fu r th e r during th e year under review, w ith resu lts th a t m ay be described as v e ry sa tisfac to ry . T he registers were closed finally on D ecem ber 31st, 1934, except for persons certified b y a reg is te red m edical p rac ti tio n e r (subsequently am en d ed to G overnm ent Medical Officer) to requ ire ch an d u for reasons of health .

On J a n u a ry 1st, 1935, th e n u m b er of sm okers reg iste red was 54 2 3 2 , including 2 3 0 4 females. M any of these, how ever, were no longer ac tive consum ers ; some h a d died, o thers h a d rem oved from th e Colony an d m an y of those who h a d ceased to pu rchase h a d p resum ab ly g iven up th e hab it.

As a m eans of social in tercourse , th e sm oking of op ium no longer appeals to those no t ad d ic te d an d casual opium -sm okers seem to find l i tt le difficulty in g iving up th e practice. Some of the m ore heav ily ad d ic ted sm okers ac tu a lly seek th e help of th e Excise D e p a r tm en t to r id them selves of th e h ab it b y m eans of a g rad u a l red u c tio n in th e ir ra tion .

Considerable progress was m ade in 1935 in ra tio n in g consum ers closely to th e ir ind iv idua l d aily requ irem ents , a n d th is ta s k was g rea tly fac il ita ted by th e ad d itio n a l rules passed in O ctober.

These rules provide, inter alia, for a reduction from 4 chi to 2 chi as th e m ax im u m supp ly t h a t m ay be sold in an y one d ay to an ind iv idua l consum er a n d give to th e Commissioner of E xcise th e power to ra tio n every reg is te red smoker.

O n J a n u a ry 1st, 1935, th e re were 54 232 active sm okers reg is te red in th e Colony. A t the close of the year, th e re were 25 625 ac tive consum ers only on th e reg iste rs an d these were ra tio n e d as follows :

2 hoon or less per diem46 8

10 12 14 16 18 20

Above 2 chi

7 188 4 5 2 0 3 413 3 787 3 046

667 545763288966

25 183 4 421

__________ 25 6251 Includes 185 cards a t Christmas Island, where rationing was n o t stric tly enforced during 1935.

As th e effectiveness of th e contro l increased, sm okers who h a d evaded reg is tra tion found i t m ore difficult to o b ta in supplies th ro u g h friends or illicit re ta ile rs a n d m any p resen ted th em ­selves for reg is tra tion . T hey were ad m itted af te r undergoing a m edical exam ination .

T he effect of contro l on consum ption is show n by th e following tab le of gross re ta il sales each m o n th in th e Colony :

Tahils

J a n u a r y .......................................................................................................... 61929.44F eb ru a ry ................................................................................................ 59970.94M arch .......................................................................................................... 58 816.68April .......................................................................................................... 56 883.08M ay .......................................................................................................... 61265.60J une .......................................................................................................... 57103.70J u l v ................................................................................................................... 57582.74A u g u s t .......................................................................................................... 57 244.38S ep tem ber ................................................................................................ 50 740.06O c t o b e r .......................................................................................................... 51 920.98N ovem ber ................................................................................................ 49222.20D ecem ber ................................................................................................ 47982.02

On D ecem ber 31st, 1935, th e re were 1 270 S tra its -b o rn reg is te red sm okers an d p ractica lly all of these were ad d ic ts of long s tanding . The census of 1931 shows th e re were 249 495 S traits- bo rn Chinese in th e S tra its Settlem ents.

O ver 90% of th e reg iste red consum ers are C hina-born , b u t i t is s ta te d th a t a large num ber of these acqu ired the h ab it a f te r a rrival in M alaya. The average age an d leng th of addiction is high, the m a jo rity falling in to th e age-group of 43-47 years.

In A ppendix A is se t o u t the n u m b er of persons reg istered each m o n th in 1935.Two new featu res in th is y ea r’s rep o rt are Appendices C a n d D.A ppendix C is an analysis of th e registers m o n th b y m o n th for th e whole of th e S traits

Settlem ents.A ppendix D is an analysis of daily lim its of ac tive cards.

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

The contro l of op ium w ith in the S tra its S e ttlem en ts w orked satisfac torily an d there was no change in th e laws govern ing im p o rt, ex p o rt a n d tran sh ip m en t. The exclusive r igh t to im p o rt opium , rem ove opium from one p a r t of the Colony to ano ther, or to prepare , sell or retail p rep ared opium is v es ted in the Commissioner, Custom s an d Excise.

The sale of p rep a red opium in G overnm ent shops to reg istered sm okers is the only legal form of sale w ith in the A dm in istra tion .

II. N ew Activities during the Year with a View to combating the Use of Prepared Opium.1

(1) Instruction to Y o u n g People and the M eans employed for this Purpose.

There is n o th ing of pu re ly local app lica tion an d in te res t to record.

(2) Propaganda carried out by the Government.

T here is n o th ing of pu re ly local in te re s t to record.

(3) Social and M edical Services which the Government considers to have an Im portant Bearing onthe H abit of Opium-sm oking.

There is no th ing of p u re ly local application and in terest to record.

(4) Organisations engaging in Activities to combat the Use of Prepared Opium, their Strength and Activities, and F inancia l Support, i f any, accorded by the Government.

The G overnm en t is n o t d irec tly in te re s ted in an y p riv a te organisation engaged in activ ities to co m b a t th e use of p rep ared opium.

1 See in troductory remarks on Malayan territories in general.

I I I . Scientific Research.

No research has been u n d e r tak en during th e year.

IV. Other Inform ation.

(1) The Treatment and After-care of Addicts, with Such Statistics as are possible.

There is no th ing of pu re ly local applica tion a n d in te re s t to record.

(2) Classes of Population from which Opium-smokers are drawn, with any F igures Available.

The opium -sm okers are a lm ost exclusively Chinese. T hough a large n u m b er of sm okers are of the coolie class, all classes of the Chinese co m m u n ity are represented.

S ta tis tica l figures are given in P a r t I I , F o rm V.

(3) System of Dross Control and Disposal of Dross collected or purchased by the Government.

I t is an offence to sell o r offer for sale an y ch an d u dross excep t to th e Commissioner of Excise. I t is also an offence to be in possession of any ch an d u dross exceeding five tah ils in w eight (1 tah il = 1^ oz.). Dross purchased b y the G overnm ent is d iv ided in to two qualities, the first q u a li ty being p a id fo r a t th e ra te of 7 S tra its dollars a tah il a n d th e second qu a li ty a t1.50 S tra its dollars a tahil. Dross of still poorer q u a li ty is also received b y th e G overnm ent, b u t is no t p a id for. All dross p u rchased or confiscated is tak e n o u t to sea a n d d um ped in deep w ater.

(4) Illicit Traffic— Areas Affected, N um bers of Seizures of R aw and Prepared O pium ; CurrentPrices of Sm uggled R aw and Prepared O pium in the P rinc ipa l Centres ; Organisation, etc., of Preventive Services ; In ternational Co-operation for the Suppression of I ll ic it Traffic.

I t was s ta te d in th e rep o rt for the year 1 9 3 4 1 th a t th e re was a decrease in th e to ta l am o u n t of illicit ch an d u and opium seized as com pared w ith 1933 seizures. A still fu r th e r decline is recorded for 1935. A big decrease in prosecutions is also on record , b u t th is is m ain ly accoun ted for b y th e fac t th a t 2 228 of th e 1934 prosecutions were in connection w ith offences against th e R eg is tra tion of Smokers Rules an d were in s t i tu te d as p a r t of th e cam paign organised against u nreg is te red sm okers in p re p a ra tio n for th e closing of the registers.

I t is an axiom in th is class of p reven tive work th a t th e illicit traffic canno t be dea lt w ith satisfactorily w ith o u t th e closest contro l of th e leg itim ate trad e , an d th e ra p id progress m ade in th e last few years w ith th e reg is tra tion of all add ic ts a n d th e ra tion ing of consum ers s tric tly in accordance w ith th e ir ind iv idua l requ irem en ts has been of g rea t value to p reven tive work.

T he growing repugnance of th e Chinese com m u n ity to th e use of op ium has also been very helpful.

The cu rren t prices of illicit ra w opium v a ry from 3.60 to 9 S tra its dollars a tah il a n d of illicit p repared opium from 4.70 to 11 S tra its dollars a tah il. D uring the year, th e p reven tive service in Singapore was reorganised an d a red is tr ib u tio n of launches an d ro ad vehicles a n d o ther eq u ipm en t was m ade w ith a view to ob ta in ing a still g rea te r degree of efficiency. The s tren g th and constitu tion of th e p rev en tiv e service has n o t va r ied appreciab ly since 1934, an d th e scope of i ts w ork rem ains as before.

(5) A n y In form ation as to the Use of Narcotic Drugs which would show whether they are tendingto supplant the Use of Prepared O pium or vice versa.

The p reven tive service has no reason to believe t h a t narco tic drugs are tend ing to su p p lan t the use of p rep ared opium.

(6) Indicate here also the Price at which Prepared O pium was sold by the Government to Consumersduring the Year.

The re ta il price rem ained th e sam e as in 1934— i.e., 13 S tra its dollars per tahil.

2-hoon t u b e ............................................................................. 26 cents2-chi tu b e ............................................... 2.60 S tra its dollars

1 Document O.C./A.R.1 9 3 4 /5 9 ^ .

— 7 —

V. O pium Revenue.

The revenue of th e S tra its S e ttlem ents in 1935 from all sources was 35 040 380 S tra its dollars. T he n e t revenue derived from opium was 7 6x2 560 S tra its dollars. A separa te s ta te m e n t of op ium revenue and expend itu re is set out in A ppendix B.

J . A. H u n t e r ,

A cting Colonial Secretary,

Straits Settlements.

A p p e n d ix A . — N u m b e r o f S m o k e r s r e g i s t e r e d e a c h M o n t h i n 1935.

Total for Straits Settlements

J a n u a r y ........................................................................................................................ 16F e b r u a r y .............................................................................................................. 33M arch ........................................................................................................................ 45A pril ........................................................................................................................ 32M a y .................................................................................................................................. 35J u n e ........................................................................................................................ 58J u l y ................................................................................................................................. 36A u g u s t ........................................................................................................................ 29S e p te m b e r .............................................................................................................. 35O c t o b e r ........................................................................................................................ 29N o v e m b e r .............................................................................................................. 41D e c e m b e r .............................................................................................................. 267

T o ta l r e g i s t e re d in 1935 656,, 1934 ....................................................................... 32 371-, 1933 2 3 5 7 1

S u m t o t a l of n u m b e r s r e g i s t e r e d ............................................................. 56 598Less c a rd s c an c e l le d ........................................................................ 3° 557

N e t r e g i s t r a t i o n (D ecem b er 31st, 1935) 2 6 0 4 1

A p p en d ix B .— S t a t e m e n t o f O p i u m R e v e n u e a n d E x p e n d i t u r e f o r t h e Y e a r 1935.

G ross re v e n u e f ro m t h e sa le of p re p a r e d o p iu m to r e g is te re d sm o k e rs i n th e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts

G ross r e v e n u e f ro m t h e sa le of p r e p a r e d o p iu m to o th e r a d m i ­n i s t r a t io n s ..........................................

M isce llaneous sa les o f e m p ty o p iu m ch es ts , t i n l in in g s , e t c ......................

S tra its dollars Straits dollarsRevenue Debits :

P u rc h a s e of r a w o p iu m . . . . 1 827 707.988 742 635.20 P u rc h a s e of d ross ...................... 137 473-75

In s u ra n c e on s t o c k s ...................... 26 301.00P a y m e n ts o n a c c o u n t of re w a rd s 2 470.00

2 7 2 6 1 6 2 .1 8 A u d i t fees ........................................... 8 2 5 0 .0 0I n t e r e s t c h a r g e s ............................... 725 636.09

h i . 52 M isce llan eou s ex p en se s . . . . 457-43C ost of a d m in i s t r a t io n s ta ff a n d

o th e r c h a r g e s ............................... 1 128 052.32N e t o p iu m re v e n u e ..................... 7 612 560.33

11 468 908 .90 11 468 908.90

A p p e n d i x C .— R e g i s t r a t i o n o f C h a n d u - s m o k e r s — A n a l y s i s f o r t h e w h o l e o f t h e S t r a i t s S e t t l e m e n t s — 1 9 3 5 .

Position as a t : December 31st, 1934

January 31st, 1935

February 2 8 th ,1935

March 3I s t . 1935

April 30th, 1935

May 31st, 1935

June 3 0 th ,1935

Ju ly31st, 1 9 3 5

August 31st, 1935

September 3 0 th ,1935

October 31st, 1935

November 3 0 th ,1935

December31st, 1935

A d d it io n o n m e d ica l c e r t i f ic a te s — 9 12 22 14 20 19 10 4 10 ,11 3 9

A d d itio n s o n r e i n s t a t e m e n t ...................... — — — — — — — — — a I 2 220

A d d it io n s o n t r a n s f e r ................................ — 7 21 23 18 15 39 26 25 25 17 36 33

C ards c an ce l led .......................................... — 49 * 545 51 34 44 38 78 U S 99 a 272 22 702 4 844

N e t + ............................................................. — — 33 — 512 — 6 — 2 9 + 20 — 42 — 86 — 64 — 243 — 22 661 — 4 577

A ctiv e c a rd s ................................................... — <33 738 d 34 249 3° 645 28 678 27 853 26 619 25 796 25 665 24 974 24 505 25 254 25 625

I n a c t iv e ca rds» .......................................... — — — — — — — — — — — 379 416

S e m i-a c t iv e c a r d s .......................................... — T2 873 11 435 13 864 14 855 13 710 13 662 12 817 9 652 8 296 7 317 4 985 Nil

N o n -a c t iv e c a rd s .......................................... — 7 612 8 027 9 196 10 170 12 131 13 433 15 059 18 269 20 252 21 457 Nil N

N e t r e g i s t r a t i o n .......................................... d 54 256 d 54 223 d 5 3 711 53 705 53 703 53 694 53 714 53 672 53 586 53 522 53 279 30 618 26 041

T o ta l m o n th ly p u rc h a s e (tahils)

A v e rag e m o n th ly p u rc h a s e p e r a c t iv e

— 61 929 .44 59 970-94 58 816.68 56 883.08 61 265.60 57 i ° 3-7° 57 582.74 57 244.38 50 740.06 51 920.98 49 922.20 4.7 982.02

s m o k e r ( tah ils) ..........................................

A v e rag e d a i ly p u rc h a s e p e r a c t iv e

1.84 1 7 5 1.92 1.98 2 .20 2.15 2.23 2.23 2.03 2.12 1.98 1.87

s m o k e r (hoons) .........................................

(C o rrec ted to a llow fo r c e r t a in S a tu r d a y s fa l l in g a t t h e e n d of t h e m o n th )

5-97 6.25 6.84 6.60 7.10 7.17 7.1:9 6.94 7.00 6.80 6-39 6.23

T o ta l a d d i t io n s o n M/C .......................................... 143 C an ce l la t io n s . . 28 871 ( inc ludes 4 811 se m i-a c t iv e o n D e c e m b e r 3 1 s t ,1935T o ta l a d d i t io n s o n t r a n s f e r ................................ 290 22 586 n o n -a c t iv e o n N o v e m b e r 30 th , 1935)T o ta l a d d i t io n s ( r e in s ta te d ) ................................ 223 ------

N e t d ec rea se . . 28 215 27 397

6 56 P e rc e n ta g e o f poss ib le p u rc h a s e fo r D e c e m b e r 1935 — 9 I - I 2 % (ex c lu d in gL a b u a n a n d C h r is tm a s Is lan d ) .

« 235 cancelled in Singapore during October, and issued 1 on reinstatement. h 519 cards cancelled owing to cession of Dindings to Perak.c Includes 48 cards cancelled in Christmas Island owing to departure of coolies.

d Assuming 232 active cards as th e to ta l reg istra tion of Chris tm as Is land from December 31st, 1934, to February 28th, 1935, inclusive.

« An inactive card is one on which no purchase has been made for one m onth, providing th a t th e holder has reported his temporary departure from the S tra its Settlements.

A p p en d ix D .— A n a l y s i s o f D a i l y L i m i t s o f A c t i v e C a r d s f o r t h e W h o l e C o l o n y a t D e c e m b e r 3 i s t ,

1935 -

t h o o n

468

i o

1214161820

22

242628303234363840424450667680

73483

6 371 4 520 3 413 3 7 8 73 046 2 i 954 c a rd s a t 1 chi o r less == 8 5 .7 0% .

66754576 3288966

5231540731877

24811711

3 229 c a rd s a b o v e 1 chi, b u t n o t e x c e e d in g 2 ch i - 12 .60% .

156 c a rd s a b o v e 2 chi, b u t n o t e x c e e d in g 3 chi = 0 .6 0 % .

271 c a rd s a b o v e 3 chi, b u t n o t e x c e e d in g 4 chi, in c lu d in g 185 a t4 ch i in C h r is tm a s I s l a n d = 1 .05% .

15 c a rd s o v e r 4 ch i = 0 .05 % .

T o t a l ...................... 25 625

B. A N N U A L R E P O R T B Y T H E F E D E R A T E D MALAY STATES G O V ERN M ENT.

I. (a) N ew Legislative and Administrative Measures taken during the Year with regard to theUse of Prepared O pium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

No new legislation was enac ted during th e year.

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

The only new chandu-sm okers reg istered during the year, after the registers h ad been finally closed on D ecem ber 31st, 1934, were persons m edically certified as requiring chandu for reasons of h ea lth an d those transferred from the registers of the Colony of the S traits S ettlem ents an d th e U nfedera ted M alay S tates.

The D indings T errito ry , which was form erly p a r t of the S tra its Settlem ents, was ceded back to the S ta te of P erak as from F e b ru a ry 16th, 1935. The registered smokers a t the three shops in th a t d istrict, num bering 498, were transferred to the registers of the F edera ted Malay S tates.

One h u n d red an d forty-four registered sm okers were transferred out of th e Federated M alay S ta tes to the registers of th e S tra its S ettlem ents an d the U nfederated Malay S tates an d 153 sm okers’ cards were cancelled owing to d ea th or to d epa rtu re from the country . One h u n d red an d seventy-four persons were registered during the year on the certificate of a registered m edical p rac tition e r th a t th ey requ ired chandu for reasons of health . The num ber of chandu- smokers transferred from the registers of th e Colony of the S traits Settlem ents and the U nfedera ted M alay S ta tes was fifty-four. The sale of ch andu from G overnm ent shops to registered sm okers is th e only legal form of sale w ith in the F edera ted Malay States. P repared opium is im p o rted from th e Excise D epartm en t, Singapore, packed in m etal tubes ready for re ta il sale. The system of reg istra tion in troduced in N ovem ber 1933 has worked satisfactorily.

II . N ew Activities during the Year with a view to combating the Use of Prepared Opium.

(1), (2), (3) an d (4). Nil.

I I I . Scientific Research.

N o scientific research was undertaken .

IV. Other Information.(1) Nil.(2) A lm ost en tire ly Chinese— the to ta l num ber of active registered smokers as on December

31st, 1935, was 32 205 out of a population of 3 5 1 462 ad u lt m ale an d 130 853 ad u lt female

— 10 —

Chinese of 20 years of age and over, res iden t in the F ed e ra ted M alay S ta tes , according to the 1931 census re tu rns . In addition , th e re were 23 Ind ians, 9 Malays, 1 Siamese and 1 B urm ese reg is te red sm okers on D ecem ber 31st, 1935.

(3) I t is an offence to sell or offer for sale any ch an d u dross excep t to a su perin tenden t of Customs an d excise. I t is also an offence to be in possession of any ch a n d u dross exceeding five tah ils in w eight (1 tah i l = 1J oz.). Dross is p u rchased b y the G overnm en t from registered sm okers. Dross so p u rch ased is ex am ined an d div ided in to th ree qualities : f irs t-qua lity dross is p a id for a t the ra te of 7 S tra its dollars per tah il ; second quality , a t th e ra te of 1.50 S tra its dollars per tah il (1 S tra its dollar = 2s. 4d. a t par) ; dross low er th a n second q u a li ty is also received by the G overnm ent, b u t is n o t p a id for.

All dross p u rchased or received from reg istered sm okers is des troyed b y burn ing .

(4) Traffic in foreign opium is p rac tica lly non-ex is ten t in th e F e d e ra te d M alay S ta tes a t present.

T he q u a n t i ty of foreign p re p a re d opium seized during the y ea r am o u n ted to 40.46 tahils. This was sen t to th e Excise D e p a r tm e n t, Singapore. T he co u n try of origin was s ta te d to be China.

The q u a n t i ty of G overnm ent ch a n d u seized in connection w ith in fringem ents of the Opium an d C handu Law s an d R egulations am o u n ted to 30.54 tah ils an d dross seized am o u n ted to 26.37 tahils.

The F e d e ra te d M alay S ta te s Custom s a n d Excise an d Police D e p a rtm en ts u n d ertak e th e suppression of illicit traffic in opium , raw or p repared , and all o th e r narco tic or deleterious drugs.

(5) No in fo rm atio n to t h a t effect.

(6) As in previous re p o rt .1

V. O pium Revenue.

A special accoun t d raw n up in accordance w ith recom m endation V of th e F in a l Act signed a t B angkok on N ovem ber 27th, 1931, is a t tach ed .

The gross revenue of th e F ed e ra ted M alay S ta te s (including R ailw ay revenue) am o u n ted to 74 235 361 S tra its dollars in 1935.

C. D. Ah e a r n e ,

Federal Secretary,

Federated M alay States.K u a la L u m p u r, M arch 18th, 1936.

S t a t e m e n t o f C h a n d u R e v e n u e a n d E x p e n d i t u r e f o r t h e Y e a r 1935.

Straits dollars S traits dollarsG ross re v e n u e f ro m sa le o f c h a n d u 7 4 2 2 2 1 4 . 7 5 Revenue Debits :

Straits dollarsC o s t o f c h a n d u p u r ­

c h a s e d ...........................1 406 226.57C o st of d ro ss p u r ­

c h a s e d ...................... 75 352.55— ------------ 1 4 8 1 5 7 9 .1 2

C o st o f a d m in i s t r a t io n — sta ff a n do th e r c h a rg es ................................ 343 5 I 3 - 1?

N e t re v e n u e ......................................... 5 597.122.46

7 422 214 .75 7 422 214.75

C. A N N U A L R E P O R T BY T H E J O H O R E G O V E R N M E N T .

I. (a) N ew Legislative and A dm in istra tive Measures taken during the Year in regard to the Use of Prepared O pium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

The rules un d er “ The O pium an d C handu E n a c tm e n t ” were am ended an d published in th e Johore Government Gazette of D ecem ber 18th, 1935, as N otifica tions Nos. 1290 a n d 1291. U nder th e new rules, th e m ax im u m am o u n t pu rch asab le is red u ced from 4 chi to 2 chi per person w ith effect from F e b ru a ry 1st, 1936 ; th ey generally re s tr ic t th e m ethods of purchase a n d re s tr ic t th e recom m endation for new perm its to purchase to G overnm en t Medical Officers only.

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

The im p o rt of an y ch an d u b y the pub lic is p roh ib ited , excep t un d er licence for medicinal purposes.

1 Document O.C./A.R.i934/59fa.J.

— II —

I I . N ew Activities during the Year with a view to combating the Use of Prepared Opium.

(3) T here are In fa n t W elfare Centres a t Johore B ahru , M uar an d B a tu P a h a t in charge of la d y m edical officers. There are playing-fields open to the public in all tow nships an d such gam es as association football an d b ad m in to n h ave become increasingly popu lar am ong the Chinese during recen t years. M oreover, in th e sm allest roadside villages a sm all square is set aside for basket-ball, a t w hich th e Chinese show som e proficiency.

I I I . Scientific Research.Nil.

IV. Other Inform ation.

(2) O pium -sm oking for all p rac tica l purposes is confined to the Chinese. P rac tica lly all th e sm okers are b o rn in China ; th ey are d raw n from all classes. The n u m b er of registered sm okers on D ecem ber 31st was 15 490.

(3) Dross is p u rch ased from reg istered sm okers a t all G overnm ent re ta il shops and is destroyed.

(4) No raw opium was seized. 0.18 kg. of non-G overnm ent ch an d u an d 0.073 kg. of chan d u dross were seized an d confiscated. T he p rev en tiv e staff consists of one senior su p e r in ten d en t (new ap p o in tm en t) , th ree superin tenden ts , seven ass is tan t superin tenden ts an d six ty-one ou t-door officers ; officers are s ta tio n ed a t all vu lnerab le po in ts th ro u g h o u t the State.

(6) 13 S tra its dollars p er tahil. N o change.

V. O pium Revenue.

The op ium revenue am o u n ted to 3 565 302 S tra its dollars. The expenses of adm in is tra tion cam e to 995 435 S tra its dollars, g iving a n e t revenue for op ium of 2 569 867 S tra its dollars.

The gross revenue of th e S ta te was 17 220 677 S tra its dollars (approxim ate).

W. E . P e p y s ,

General Adviser, Johore.

J o h o r e O p i u m A c c o u n t , 1 9 3 5 .

Revenue. Expenditure.S tra its dollars Straits dollars

G ross p ro ceed s of o p iu m sa les . . . . 3 5 6 3 6 2 1 O p iu m p u rc h a s e s :P ro c e e d s o f fines a n d fo r fe i tu re . . . . 1 681 P r e p a r e d o p iu m 62 7 1 9 9

O p iu m dross ................................. 7 265

M onop o ly ex p en ses :P e rso n a l e m o lu m e n ts ............. 142 091G o v e rn m e n t shops a n d m isce llaneous

e x p e n s e s ................................................... 34 214

P o r t io n of expenses o f g enera l services a ffec tin g o p iu m :S u p p re s s io n se rv ice (one-half) . . . . 60 000P o lice se rv ices (o n e - ten th ) . . . ■ 87 255M edica l se rv ices (2% ) ...................... 22 1 0 3P riso n s serv ices (one- ten th ) . . . . 15 3°8E xcess of re v e n u e o v e r e x p e n d i tu re . . 2 5 6 9 8 6 7

T o ta l .................................................................. 3 5 6 5 3 0 2 T o t a l ............................................................ 3 5^5 3° 2

D. A N N U A L R E P O R T BY T H E K E D A H G O V ERN M ENT.

I. (a) New Legislative and Administrative Measures taken during the Year in regard to the Use of Prepared O pium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

No new legislation was passed during th e year, b u t rules under E n ac tm en t No. 16 (Chandu) to prov ide for fu r th e r t igh ten ing-up of th e regulations dealing w ith the reg istra tion and ra tion ing of sm okers were p repared an d su b m itted to th e G overnm ent tow ards the end of the year. These rules were subsequen tly passed on Ja n u a ry n t h , 1936, an d cam e in to force on their pub lica tion as Gazette N otifica tion No. 2471 of J a n u a ry 25th, 1936.

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

There was no change in the system of control and no difficulties were experienced in its operation.

— 12 —

I I . N ew Activities during the Year with a view to combating the Use of Prepared O pium .

(1) There is no specia lly organ ised p ro p ag an d a , b u t th e ac tiv ities of th e E d u ca tio n and th e H e a lth B ran ch of th e M edical D e p a r tm en t are d irec ted con tinuously aga inst the use of opium .

(2) Nil.

(3) T he im p ro v ed revenue position enab led th e G overnm en t to proceed w ith i ts policy of a t ta c k in g th e opium p rob lem in d irec tly b y increased e x p e n d itu re on m edical an d h ea lth services, b y th e im p ro v em en t of com m unica tions a n d b y th e encouragem en t of h e a l th y o u t ­door gam es an d recreations. T he y o unger g enera tion of Chinese has of la te tak e n u p th e gam e of b a d m in to n w ith en th u s ia sm a n d “ b ad m in to n partie s ” h av e sp ru n g up all over th e S ta te . V ery l itt le room is req u ired for a b ad m in to n co u r t a n d th e gam e is inexpensive to p lay . I t h as th e fu r th e r g re a t m erit of p rov id ing those w ho p lay i t w ith all th e exercise th ey need in tw o or th ree sets la s tin g in all ab o u t half an h o u r an d is there fo re a p a r tic u la r ly su itab le game for th e tropics.

(4) T here are no such p r iv a te organ isa tions in K ed ah , b u t th e re is clear evidence th a t the w eight of Chinese public opinion aga inst th e sm oking of op ium has increased enorm ously of recen t years.

T he A lor S ta r cinem a, for in stance , w hich is Chinese ow ned a n d m anaged , exh ib its a slide before every perfo rm ance w hich shows an unequ ivocal p ic tu re of a ty p ica l op ium -sm oking ad d ic t w ith a c ap tio n “ A Poisoned M an— O pium is a D ead ly Poison ” in E nglish a n d Chinese charac ters .

I I I . Scientific Research.Nil.

IV . Other In form ation .

(1) One h u n d re d an d n in e ty -th re e cases of op ium add ic tio n were t re a te d in K ed ah d u ring th e year. Of these , 168 were Chinese, 19 M alays, 5 In d ian s an d 1 Siamese.

All w ere d e ta in e d in h o sp ita l u n ti l th e c rav in g h a d com ple te ly d isappeared , b u t , as the g re a t m a jo r i ty were of th e coolie class, all cases could no t be followed up. I t was very encourag ing to find, how ever, t h a t those who re tu rn e d for t r e a tm e n t for o th e r diseases were still free from th e craving.

T he closing of th e reg iste rs of sm okers a t th e en d of 1934 increased th e n u m b er of those ap p ly in g for t re a tm e n t , th e n u m b er in th e prev ious y ea r being 113.

T h ro u g h o u t K edah , th e re is a s te a d y increase in in te re s t in games. E v e ry village has i ts football-fie ld a n d football is encouraged in all schools. T his increase in th e facilities fo r gam es u n d o u b ted ly saves th e younger genera tions from th e danger of lea rn ing to smoke.

(2) T he opium -sm okers are alm ost exc lusive ly Chinese a n d th e bu lk of these are of th e coolie an d shop-keeping classes. T he tw o h u n d re d o d d M alay sm okers are old m en of th e sm all land -ow ning class who c o n tra c ted th e h a b i t in th e old days before th e re was a n y opium -sm oking control. I t is ex p ec ted t h a t these M alay sm okers will d isap p ea r en tire ly from th e registers in th e course of th e n ex t te n years.

(3) The sale of dross, excep t to th e su p e r in te n d en t of th e Monopolies D ep a r tm en t, is p ro h ib ited .

(4) A few sm all seizures of p re p a re d opium were m ade , m ostly found in th e h an d s of un reg is te red sm okers. T here con tinues to be no evidence of illicit traffic on an y scale.

(5) T here is no reason to believe th a t narco tic drugs are ten d in g to su p p lan t th e use of opium .

(6) The re ta il price of p re p a red op ium rem a in ed u n ch an g ed a t 13 S tra i ts dollars a tahil.

V. O pium Revenue.

T he gross revenue of th e S ta te of K ed ah from all sources for th e y ea r 1935 was 7 015 044 S tra its dollars. The gross op ium revenue was x 291 727 S tra its dollars. A special opium acco u n t is annexed .

S. W. J o n e s ,

A ctin g B ritish Adviser, Kedah.Alor S ta r , F e b ru a ry 19th, 1936.

— 13 —

S p e c i a l O p i u m A c c o u n t , 1935.

Revenue.Straits dollars

G ross re v e n u e f ro m th e sale of p r e ­p a r e d o p iu m t o r e g is te re d sm o k e rsin K e d a h . . 1 291 727.42

P ro c e e d s of f i n e s .......................................... 527.70

T o ta l .............................................. 1 292 255.12

Expenditure.Straits dollars

R e v e n u e d e b i ts :

C ost o f p re p a re d o p iu m p u rc h a se d

M onop o ly ex p en ses :S a la r ie s of c h a n d u sa lesm enR e n t o f c h a n d u s h o p s ......................S u p erv is io n , b e in g o n e - te n th of th e

a n n u a l ly r e c u r r e n t co s t of th e M onopo lies a n d C us to m s D e p a r t ­m e n t ...................................................

S u p p re ss io n .........................................

P o r t io n of ex p en ses of general services r e l a t in g to o p iu m :

M edica l serv ices, o n e -h u n d re d th ofS430 617 4 306.17

Po lice services, o n e -fo r t ie th of8418 340 10 458.50

P r i s o n serv ices , o n e -fo r t ie th ofS70 446 1 761.15

N e t p ro ceed s f ro m o p iu m . . . . 973 430.49

T o ta l ............................................. i 292 255.12

265 207.88

11 884.93 3 379-00

20 827.00 1 000.00

E. A N N U A L R E P O R T BY T H E G O V E R N M E N T OF P E R L IS .

I. (a) N ew Legislative and Adm inistrative Measures taken during the Year in regard to the Useof Prepared O pium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

There was no legislation affecting opium or dangerous drugs during the year.

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

There was no change in the system of control and no difficulties were experienced in its operation.

II . New Activities during the Year with a view to combating the Use of Prepared Opium.

Various social an d m edical services are carried out by the Governm ent in the chief villages an d in th e more accessible p a r ts of the country . T he villages are the usual type of M alayan village an d m ost of th em are under the control of a S an ita ry B oard which supervises san ita tio n an d conservancy. The policy of im proving the social and hygienic conditions in th e S ta te continues an d there are adequate open spaces and opportunities for recreation if desired. A road from K an g ar (the cap ita l of th e State) to the large fishing village of K uala Perlis has been com m enced an d th is will open up the S ta te an d im prove tran sp o rt facilities to places to which h ith e r to access has been difficult. The financial outlook has im proved and i t has been possible to vote more funds on general hea lth work. The visits of the travelling d ispensary were increased and, during 1935, 1 221 pa tien ts were reached. A definite anti- m alarial cam paign in village areas was in s t itu ted during the year and a means of securing identifica tion an d dissection of m osquitoes arranged. In the estim ates for 1936, provision has been m ade for th e opening of an out-door d ispensary a t K aki B ukit, whereby it is hoped th a t positive t re a tm e n t will be afforded to Chinese m ining coolies, who form the m ajo rity of the in h ab itan ts of th e area. A m arke t is also being built in th is village. I t is also proposed to open a Child W elfare an d M atern ity B ranch of th e Medical D epartm ent.

I I I . Scientific Research.Nil.

IV. Other Information.

(1) There are no special G overnm ent facilities for th e trea tm e n t of addicts, ap a rt from the G overnm ent H osp ita l a t K angar.

(2) Opium -sm okers in th is S ta te are alm ost en tire ly labourers em ployed in the tin-mining industry . There are a ce rta in num ber of Malays who are registered smokers and, in e m ajo rity of cases, th e y are old Malays who con trac ted the h ab it in their early days.

The num b er of registered smokers decreased from 5*5 on J a n u a ry 1st, I 935> 0 479 on December 31st, 1935. There are 452 registered Chinese smokers and 27 others.

(3) The sale of dross to o ther th an the superin tenden t of chandu is prohibited.

— 14 —

(4) No evidence of any illicit traffic an d no sm uggling of p rep a red opium was discovered.

(5) There is no reason to believe th a t th e use of p re p a red opium is being su p p lan ted b y the use of narco tic drugs.

(6) The re ta il price of p re p a red op ium rem ain ed u n changed a t 13 S tra its dollars a tahil, re ta il prices to th e public being 26 cents p e r 2-hoon tube.

V. O pium Revenue.

T he net revenue derived from th e sale of p re p a red opium in 1935 was 115 204.75 S tra its dollars, w hich represen ts 19.20% of the to ta l i 'evenue of th e S ta te , which was 599 940 S tra its dollars.

C. R. H o w i t t ,

B ritish Adviser.K angar, F e b ru a ry 2nd, 1936.

O p i u m R e v e n u e , 1935.

S tra its dollarsT h e g ro ss re v e n u e f ro m o p iu m sa les d u r in g th e y e a r t o t a l l e d ................................ 147 645E x p e n d i tu r e :

P u rc h a s e of c h a n d u .................................................................................................... 2 6 5 4 6C o s t o f C h a n d u D e p a r t m e n t ........................................................................ 5 3591 0 % o f c o s t o f d e p a r t m e n t ........................................................................................... 535

3 2 4 4 °

N e t o p iu m r e v e n u e ..................................................................................................... 115 204T o ta l re v e n u e o f t h e S t a t e t ................................................................................. 599 940

C. R . H o w i t t ,

British Adviser, Perlis.F e b ru a ry 15 th , 1936.

F. A N N U A L R E P O R T BY T H E G O V E R N M E N T O F T H E S T A T E O F K E L A N T A N .

I. (a) New Legislative and A dm in is tra tive Measures taken during the Y ear in regard* to the Use of Prepared O pium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

A n am en d m en t to th e O pium a n d C handu E n ac tm e n t, 1928, was passed during th e y ea r ; th is am en d m en t m akes i t illegal for any person to purchase , accep t delivery of, or have in his possession an y ch an d u unless he is an ad u lt a n d is a reg is te red opium -sm oker or a nom inee p u rch aser or an au tho rised consum er.

This am en d m en t was passed in order to m ake legislation affecting op ium an d ch an d u in th is S ta te id en tica l w ith th a t in force in th e F e d e ra te d M alay S ta tes.

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

All ch an d u sold in the S ta te of K e la n tan is im p o rted from Singapore an d is p rep ared by th e G overnm ent of the S tra i ts Settlem en ts . D uring th e first half of 1935, G overnm en t ch an d u was sold in five licensed shops a n d seven G overnm en t shops. On J u ly 1st, 1935, all non- G overnm en t licensed shops were closed down. A d ju s tm en ts w ere m ade so as to allow of a red u c tio n in th e to ta l n u m b er of licensed shops, and a t th e end of th e y ea r th e re were only eight G overnm en t re ta il ch an d u shops in th e S ta te in p lace of th e to ta l of tw elve shops previously existing.

R ecords are k ep t of th e purchases of every reg is te red sm oker a n d no new reg is tra tio n of sm okers is p e rm it te d excep t in the case of persons certified b y a m edical p rac ti tio n e r to require ch a n d u for reasons of hea lth .

II . N ew Activities during the Y ea r w ith a, view to combating the Use of Prepared Opium.

T he p o p u la tio n in th is S ta te is very sca tte red a n d is n o t co n cen tra ted in an y large tow ns, n o r is th e re an y considerable g roup of Chinese lab o u r co n c en tra te d on an y one m ine or es ta te . The v ery sm all Chinese p o p u la tio n in th is S ta te belongs to m an y different racia l groups speak ing different d ialects ; th e re are th u s few o p p o rtu n it ies for d irec t p ropaganda .

A nti-op ium ac tiv ities in th is S ta te are m ost p ro f itab ly d irec ted u n d er th e general public h ea lth scheme.

D uring th e y ea r u nder review , p ack trave lling d isp en sary u n its w ere ad d ed to the existing m otor d ispensary units , so as to enable k am p o n g d is tr ic ts iso la ted from th e m ain ro ad to be v is i ted a t reg u la r in tervals .

— 15 —

In all, 194 000 p a t ien ts were a t te n d e d b y th e trave lling d ispensaries an d th is m ethod of t re a tm e n t a n d p ro p ag an d a , which has been found peculiarly su ited to the needs of th e S ta te , will be fu r th e r ex te n d ed in 1936.

A special Chinese nurse has been engaged for child welfare an d an te -n a ta l work an d the resu lts h ave been very encouraging.

O p portun ities for ou t-door recrea tion a n d various form s of gam es are am ple th ro u g h o u t the S ta te , b u t during th e y ea r special provision has been m ade for th e growing village of Pasir Mas by th e purchase of fifteen acres for school sites, recrea tion g ro u n d a n d open spaces.

A bout tw o acres in th e slum-like area of th e tow n has been p u rch ased to provide for a sm all recrea tion g ro u n d w ith access to th e r iv e r b an k in th e m ost crow ded p a r t of the Chinese q u a r te r of the tow n of K o ta B haru . A block of in san ita ry tem p o ra ry build ings has been rem oved, and i t is hoped to develop th is sm all a rea as a recrea tion ground. F if teen acres have been pu rchased for a new school and school recreation g rounds on the o u tsk irts of th e tow n, so as to relieve the pressure on the public recrea tion grounds.

I I I . Scientific Research.

N o research was done. Special facilities for th is do n o t ex ist in the S ta te an d i t is considered m ore sa tis fac to ry to leave th is work to the la rg e r ad m in is tra tions , m ore p ar ticu la rly as any resu lts o b ta in ed from scientific research in M alaya are alw ays m ade available to the medical officer in th is S ta te .

IV. Other In form ation.

(1) Provision is m ade in all hosp ita ls in th is S ta te for t re a tm e n t and after-care o f addicts, b u t no app lica tions were received for such t r e a tm e n t .

(2) O n D ecem ber 31st, 1935, sm okers h a d been reg is te red as follows :

Occupations Number of smokers

L abourers .......................................................................................................... 536Shopkeepers an d trad e rs ............................................................................. 235E s ta te coolies ................................................................................................ 141R ickshaw c o o l i e s ................................................................................................. 31D octors (unqualified Chinese) .................................................................... 14D e n t i s t s ................................................................................................................... 2Clerks ................................................................................................................... 42

1 001

(3) The G overnm ent price of dross of first q ua lity is 7 S tra its dollars per tah il an d of second q ua lity 1.50 S tra its dollars per tahil. Dross was purchased a t those figures from licensees and will be subsequen tly destroyed.

Now th a t all public opium -sm oking-shops h ave been closed an d th e smokers are very sca tte red , only lim ited q uan tities of dross are b roug h t in for sale.

(4) No illicit traffic in raw opium or non-G overnm ent chandu has been detected, nor have any such seizures been m ade during th e year.

The preven tive service rem ained una lte red during the year. The lim ited num ber of smokers in th is S ta te an d the fact t h a t th ey are sca tte red over a large area m akes the S ta te singularly u n a t tra c t iv e to the professional smugglers who ob ta in large profits elsewhere, and there is no reason to believe th a t there is an y su b s tan tia l smuggling of non-G overnm ent chandu.

(5) There were four prosecutions for th e possession of gan ja (Indian hemp). Fines am oun ting to 120 S tra its dollars were im posed, of which 25 S tra its dollars was paid. There is, how ever, no in fo rm ation available to show th a t this or any o ther narcotic drug is supp lan ting the use of opium. The use of gan ja appears to be confined to persons who are no t chandu smokers.

(6) C handu is sold a t 26 cents p er tw o-hoon tube.

V. O pium Revenue.

A special O pium A ccount is a t tach ed to th is report. The gross revenue of the S ta te of K e lan tan for th e y ea r 1935 was 2 312 979.95 S tra its dollars. The net proceeds from opium were 156 108 S tra its dollars— a gratify ingly small p roportion of the to ta l revenue. The slight increase of 8 000 S tra its dollars during the year m ay be considered as m oderate in view of the very m arked increase in general p rosperity and the consequent increase in the spending power of th e opium add ic ts during th e year.

D uring th e course of the year, th e K e lan tan G overnm ent allocated 275 000 S tra its dollars ou t of th e ir liqu id cash balances to form the nucleus of an Opium Revenue R eplacem ent Reserve F und . All in te res t ea rned by the F u n d an d 10% of th e gross opium revenue will be credited to th e F und . The assets of the F u n d have been separate ly invested under th e control of the Crown Agents.

A. C. B a k e r ,

British Adviser to the Government of Kelatan.

— i6 —

S p e c i a l O p i u m A c c o u n t .

Straits dollars

210 182 246

32

T o t a l .................................................... 210 460 T o t a l ....................................................... 210 460

G. A N N U A L R E P O R T B Y T H E T R E N G G A N U G O V ER N M E N T.

I. (a ) New Legislative and Adm inistrative M easures taken during the Year in regard to the Use of Prepared Opium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

R ules for th e R eg is tra tion of C handu-sm okers (P roc lam ation No. 1 of 1354) were passed on J u n e 4 th , 1935.

This p roclam ation brings th e reg is tra tion of chandu-sm okers in to line w ith o ther adm inis­tra t io n s in M alaya an d lim its th e q u a n t i ty of chand u purchasab le b y each sm oker to 4 chi a day.

N o new sm okers were registered unless m edically certified as requiring ch an d u for reasons of hea lth .

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

D uring th e year, all old reg is tra tion cards were cancelled an d new cards were issued in th e ir place. The new cards are in book form, in w hich purchases are entered. E ac h card bears a ph o to g rap h of the reg iste red smoker.

I I . N ew Activities during the Y ear with a view to combating the Use of Prepared Opium.

N ew ro ad construc tion is connecting rem ote mines an d estates, where a considerable p roportion of smokers reside, w ith th e larger centres, m aking contro l easier.

I I I . Scientific Research.

There is no th ing to report.

IV. Other Inform ation.

(1) There is no th ing to report.

(2) R egistered sm okers were exclusively Chinese, m ostly of th e labouring (coolie) and sm all shop-keeper classes. Very few T rengganu-born Chinese are smokers.

(3) The sole righ t to purchase dross is given to the S uperin ten d en t of Chandu, b u t there were no sales du ring th e year.

(4) There were no seizures of raw or p repared opium during the year an d i t w ould appear th a t th e illicit traffic is negligible, a lth o u gh the Custom s an d Police D ep artm en ts are continually on th e alert.

(5) There is no th ing to show th a t th e use of narco tic drugs is ten d ing to supp lem ent the use of p repared op ium or vice versa.

(6) There was no change in th e price of ch an d u to th e public, which rem ained a t 13 S traits dollars a tahil.

Debit.Straits dollars

P r e p a r e d o p iu m p u rc h a s e d ...................... 38 750O p iu m d ro s s .................................................... 181

C h a n d u D e p a r tm e n t E x p e n s e s :

P e r s o n a l e m o lu m e n ts (d e p a r tm e n ta l ) . . 5 082G o v e r n m e n t sh o p s ( r e n t , e tc .) . . 96S h a re o f G o v e rn m e n t b u i ld in g s a n d

e s t im a te d d e p re c ia t io n . . . . 254 35°

M i s c e l l a n e o u s ........................................ 300P o r t io n of th e e x p en se s o f th e g en e ra l

se rv ices r e la t in g to o p iu m s h a re ofC u s to m s D e p a r t m e n t ................................ —

E x p e n s e s (o n e - tw e n t ie th o f $58 612) . . 2 931O th e r po lice se rv ices (o n e - fo r t ie th of

S178 526) 4 463H o s p i ta ls a n d d isp e n sa r ie s (o n e -h u n d re d th

of S 170 0 0 9 ) .................................................... 1 700P r i so n s (on e -f if t ie th o f S29 727) . . . . 595A n t i - o p iu m p r o p a g a n d a ................................ —S cie n tif ic re se a rc h r e g a r d in g o p iu m . . —N e t p ro ce ed s f ro m o p iu m ...................... 156 108

Credit.

G ross p ro c e e d s of o p iu m saleL icences , e t c ..............................P ro c e e d s of fines

— 17 —

V. O pium Revenue.

The to ta l revenue of th e S ta te was 2 196 949 S tra its dollars.

S t a t e m e n t o f C h a n d u R e v e n u e a n d E x p e n d i t u r e f o r 1936.

Revenue. Expenditure.Straits dollars Straits dollars

G ross p roceed s o f o p iu m s a l e s ...................... 328 111 C os t of c h a n d u p u rc h a s e d ...................... 65 812P e rs o n a l e m o lu m e n ts ............................... 2 391M i s c e l l a n e o u s ................................................... ' 7 6P r o p o r t io n of e x p e n d i tu r e on C ustom s,

police , h o sp i ta ls , d i s t r i c t officers, e t c . . . 6 768E x cess o f re v e n u e o v e r e x p e n d i tu re . . 253 064

T rengganu, F eb ru a ry 8 th , 1936.

328 i n 328 i n

J . E. K e m p e ,

A cting B ritish Adviser, Trengganu.

H. A N N U A L R E P O R T BY T H E G O V E R N M E N T O F B R U N E I.

I. (a) N ew Legislative and A dm inistrative Measures taken during the Year with regard to the Useof Prepared O pium and the Reasons for their Adoption.

N o new legislation was in tro d u ced in 1935.The only ad m in is tra tiv e change was th e closing in J u n e of the one G overnm ent smoking-

saloon.

I. (b) W orking of the System of Control in force in the Territory.

T here was no change in th e system of contro l an d no difficulties were experienced in its operation.

II. N ew Activities during the Year with a view to combating the Use of Prepared Opium.

The Medical a n d H ea lth D ep artm en t, w ith i ts organisation for the care of child welfare, con tinued to expand .

W ith the im p ro v ed facilities p rov ided b y the G overnm ent, the playing of games becomes ever m ore popular.

A second “ ta lk ie ” c inem a was opened during th e year an d a free open-air cinema,subsidised by th e G overnm ent, exh ib its silent Chinese films. There is no known instance of a locally-born Chinese falling a v ic tim to the opium h ab it , nor is there any tendency am ong the young people to be even a t t r a c te d b y it. T h a t there is an increasing desire am ong existing sm okers to rid them selves of th e h a b it is show n b y the la rge increase in the num ber of persons undergoing th e cure.

I I I . Scientific Research.

There is no th in g to report.

IV. Other Information.

(1) N o new in fo rm ation is available. There were no changes during the year.

(2) T he n u m b er of reg istered sm okers decreased during the year from 507 to 502. They are d raw n alm ost exclusively from th e Chinese population , num bering some 3 500.

(3) T he sale of dross, except to the S uperin tenden t, Chandu Monopoly, is prohibited. Purchases are destroyed.

(4) There were eleven prosecutions for very m inor offences against the Opium Laws during th e year.

(5) There is no reason to believe th a t narcotic drugs are used a t all in the State.

(6) T he re ta il price of p repared opium rem ained unchanged a t 10 S tra its dollars per tahil.

V. O pium Revenue.

The to ta l gross revenue of th e S ta te of B runei from all sources was 813 531 S tra its dollars. The to ta l op ium revenue was 78 352 S tra its dollars.

— i 8 —

O p i u m

Debit.Straits dollars

P u rc h a s e of p r e p a r e d o p iu m ...................... 16 761P u rc h a s e of o p iu m d r o s s ................................ 1 038C o st of a d m in i s t r a t io n ................................ 6 470S h o p r e n t an d c o n t in g e n c ie s ...................... 551N e t p ro f i t f ro m o p iu m ................................ 53 532

T o ta l ......................................................... 78 352

Office of the B ritish Resident,

Brunei, J a n u a ry 18th, 1936.

A c c o u n t .

Credit.Straits dollars

Sale o f p re p a re d o p iu m ................................ 78 352

T o t a l ......................................................... 78 352

R. E. T u r n b u l l ,

British Resident, Brunei.

P a r t I I .

STA TISTIC A L IN F O R M A T IO N C O N C E R N IN G P R E P A R E D O PIU M F O R T H E Y E A R(FORMS I TO X).

(.British M alayan Territories, (1935.)

Form I .— P r e p a r e d O p i u m m a n u f a c t u r e d d u r i n g t h e Y e a r .

A 1 2

Name or b rand under QuantitiesTerritory which the prepared manufactured

opium is sold (kg.)

T h e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts . . . . C h a n d u 72 540

Note .—-All p r e p a r e d o p iu m w as su p p lied f ro m th e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts G o v e rn m e n t F a c to ry , S ingapore . N o p re p a r e d o p iu m w as m a n u f a c tu r e d in th e o th e r te r r i to r ie s u n d e r review .

Form I I . - Q u a n t i t i e s o f R a w a n d P r e p a r e d O p i u m u s e d i n t h e M a n u f a c t u r e o f P r e p a r e d O p i u m

d u r i n g t h e Y e a r .

Territory

T h e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts »

Homeproduce

Kg.

Nil

Quantities of raw opium employed derived from

Imports

Kg.

99 468

Seizures

Kg.

I 669

Total quantities

of raw opium used

Kg-

101 137

Prepared opium

used (seized or rem anu­factured)

Kg.

i 374

» Indian opium (789 chests) Turkish opium Persian opium (777 chests)

Total

Kg.5° 550

Nil 48 918

99 468

Form I I I . —C o n s u m p t i o n o f P r e p a r e d O p i u m d u r i n g t h e Y e a r .

T erritory

T h e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts . . T h e F e d e ra te d M alay S ta te s J o h o r e .........................................

K e d a h .........................................

P e r l is ................................K e la n t a n ................................T re n g g a n u ................................B r u n e i .........................................

N ame or brand under which th e prepared opium was sold

C h a n d u

J o h o re S t a t e M C M X X X V P a c k in g P la n t , S in g a p o re

K e d a h M C M X X X V P a c k in g P la n t , S in g a p o re

S t r a i t s S e t t l e m e n ts G o v e rn m e n t C h a n d u S t r a i t s S e t t l e m e n ts G o v e rn m e n t C h a n d u S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts G o v e rn m e n t C h a n d u S t r a i t s S e t t l e m e n ts G o v e rn m e n t C h a n d u

Quantities consumed by smokers

Non-Rationed

Kg.25 462 21 440 .66

N il

3 756

N il616972N il

rationed

Kg- Nil N il

10 364.67

Nil

432NilNil286

19

Form I V . — S t o c k s o f P r e p a r e d O p i u m .

A m o u n t of s to c k s h e ld b y th e G o v e rn m e n t o n D e c e m b e r 31st a t th e O p iu m F a c to ry o r in G o v e rn m e n tw areh o u ses .

Territory Kg.T he S t r a i t s S e t t l e m e n t s ................................................................................. 3 1 7 4 8T h e F e d e r a t e d M alay S ta t e s ....................................................................... 1961 .13J o h o r e .......................................... 465.83K e d a h ........................................................................................................................ 1 018P e r l i s .................................................................................................................................. 70K e la n t a n ....................................................................................................................... 148T r e n g g a n u ........................................................................................................................ 82B r u n e i .................................................................................................................................. 35

Form V.— N u m b e r a n d N a t i o n a l i t y o f S m o k e r s » a n d R a t e o f C o n s u m p t i o n .

T e r r i t o r y

T h e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts

T h e F e d e r a t e d M alay S ta te s

Nationality

C hineseC h in a -b o rnL o ca l-b o rn

I n d ia n sM alaysS iam eseE u ra s i a n sA ra bA m e r ic a nB e lg ia n

C hineseI n d ia n sM alay sB u rm e seS iam ese

Rationed Non-rationed

24 096 1 270

38 25

6 2 1 1 1

32 20523

9II

185 )

E stim ated popu­la tion of each

nationality

686 804

128 821 292 281

N o t r e c o rd e d

482 315b

Consumption per head of esti­

mated popula­tion of each nationality

Kg.

0 .037

In f in i te s im a l

0.04

J o h o r e ...................... — - 15 4 89 252 837 0.028I n d i a n s — I 5 5 1 8 4 0.006

K e d a h ...................... C hinese — 3 096 80 000 0.038M alay s 227 — 295 000I n d i a n s 16 — 55 ° ° ° — .S iam ese 8 — 12 000 —

P erlis ...................... Chinese __ 452 6 200 0.008O th e rs — 27 45 000 —

K e la n ta n C hinese 997 — . 17 624 0 035In d ia n s 4 — N o s e p a r a te figures —•

T re n g g a n u C hinese i 475 — 14 165 0.06B r u n e i ...................... C hinese — 502 3 500 0.078

« Active registered smokers. f> A dult males and females, 1931 census,

paragraphs 1(6) and IV(2).Chinese population in Bindings not known and not included. Reference

Form V I . — N u m b e r o f R e t a i l S h o p s .

Owned by the Government

A

Territory

T he S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts The F e d e r a t e d M alay S ta t e sJo h o re .........................................K e d a h ..........................................P e r l i s ..........................................K e la n ta n ................................T re n g g a n u ................................B r u n e i ..........................................

Licensed by the Government

1 2 3 4Opened In existence Opened In existenceduring on December during on December

the year 31st the year 31st

N il 60 N il NilN il 114 ® Nil NilNil 39 N il NilN il 41 N il NilN il 6 6 N il Nil

3 8 Nii NilN il 10 N il 4N il 8 N il Nil

a One shop closed during th e year. Three shops taken over from ceded te rri to ry of Dindings.6 These are not tru e re ta il shops bu t fixed centres (usually a police s ta tion o r Customs office) where opium can be

obtained a t s ta ted times.

Nil.Form V I I . — N u m b e r o f S m o k i n g - E s t a b l i s h m e n t s .

---- 2 0 ----

Form V I I I . — D r o s s .

I 2 3 4 5 6

Territory

Stocks of dross held by the

Government on January ist,

1935

Quantities of dross collected or purchased

by the Govern­ment during

the year

Quantities of dross seized

during the year

Stocks of dross held by the Government on December

3 1st, 1 9 3 5

Average price paid by the Government for dross purchased

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg.T h e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts 12 809 12 54 6.42 S t r a i t s d o l la rs p e r ta h i l

T h e F e d e r a t e d M a lay S t a t e s 4 1 . 54 4 4 0 .2 9 O .99 2 5 .2 7 7 S t r a i t s d o lla rs i s t q u a l i tyI..50 S t r a i t s d o l la rs 2 n d q u a l i ty

J o h o r e ................................ 8 .0 5 4 8 .4 7 0 .0 8 N il 150 S tra i t s do lla rs p e r kg .

K edah ................................ N il N il N il N il Nil.

P e r l is ................................ 2 .4 8 N il Nil N il N o n e p u rc h a s e d

K e la n t a n ...................... 3 I Nil 4 7 S t r a i t s d o lla rs p e r t a h i l i s t - c lass d ro ss

1.50 S t r a i t s do lla rs p e r ta h i l 2 nd -c lass d ross

T re n g g a n u ...................... N il N il N il N il —

B r u n e i ................................ 18 7 N il 7 5.50 S t r a i t s d o lla rs p e r t a h i l

1 S t r a i t s d o l la r c u r r e n c y = 2s. 4 d. (s terl ing) .1 t a h i l = i i oz.

Form I X . —-Se i z u r e s o f R a w a n d P r e p a r e d O p i u m d u r i n g t h e Y e a r .

T errito ryT o ta l q u an ti ty seized

Raw opium Prepared opium

Kg. Kg.

T h e S t r a i t s S e t t l e m e n ts ........................................................ - - - - 233-» 755T h e F e d e r a t e d M a la y S ta t e s ................................ . . . . N il 2 .6 8J o h o r e ................................................................................. . . . . Ni l 0 .1 8K e d a h ................................................................................. . . . . Nil o -377P e r l i s ................................................................................. . . . . Nil 0 .0 0 6K e la n t a n ....................................................................... . . . . Ni l Ni lT re n g g a n u ....................................................................... . . . . Ni l Ni lB r u n e i .................................................................................. . . . . Ni l Ni l

a I t is impossible to s ta te the origin w ith certa in ty , b u t the bulk of th e seized raw opium was probably Iranian.

Form X . — -N u m b e r o f P r o s e c u t i o n s , C o n v i c t i o n s a n d S e n t e n c e s f o r I n f r i n g e m e n t s o f t h e R e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o R a w a n d P r e p a r e d O p i u m d u r i n g t h e Y e a r .

Number of persons

Territory1 2 3

Prosecuted Sentenced Acquitted

T h e S t r a i t s S e t t le m e n ts . . . . 1 148 1 062 « 86T he F e d e ra te d M alav S ta t e s . . . . 654 598 56J oh o re ................................................... • - - - 1 5 0 1 3 1 19K e d a h ................................................... - ■ - - 38 3 ° 8P erl is ................................................... • • • . 3 3 N ilK e la n t a n >> .......................................... . . . . 6 4 2T re n g g a n u .......................................... . . 20 12 8B ru n e i .................................................... 11 Nil

a One absconded.* Fines imposed, 265 S traits dollars ; paid, 31.64 S traits dollars.