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TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1875 – 1918.
First cotton mill in India was
established in 1854 in Bombay – First Jute Mill in 1855 in Bengal.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
Modern factory system brought (a) Employment of women / children. (b) Excessive hours of work (c) Lack of education (d) Poor housing (e) High rate of mortality (f) Evils of capitalism.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
(C) Social Reformers and philanthropists entered the scene – Shri S S Bengalere.
(D) Factory Commission appointed in Bombay in 1875 and first Factories Act was passed in 1881.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
(e) As provisions were inadequate,
representations were made to Factory Commission appointed in 1884 – Shri N M Lokhande.
Weekly holiday Welfare provisions.
Social welfare period of our early TU Movement.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1918 AND 1924:
Economic and political conside;ration contributed to the new awakening.
Ahmedabad Cotton Mills – Union 1917 - Sri B P Wadia, and an associate of Thesophist, Mrs Annie Besant
Madras Labour Union formed Industrial Union in 1918 on systematic basis.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
In 1923 – Mahatma Gandhi – occupational unions like Spinners Union and Weavers Union were established – Textile Labour Association, Ahmedabad.
Industrial Labour Organisation – set up in 1919.
All India Trade Union Congress in 1920.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
LARGE NUMBER OF STRIKES IN 1920:
a) 278 strikes – involving 4,35,434 workersb) 400 Industrial disputes involving
5,23,151 workers.• Early TU movement period – Good and
stable trade Unions.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1924 – 1934:Period of left wing Trade Unions. Signs of militant tendencies and revolutionary Trade
Unions – Communist Trade Unions. Mainly due to economic hardships extremist feelings, cut
in wages and unemployment.Divisions took place – Moderates – Extremists.Royal Commission of Labour appointed in 1929. TU Act
1926 enacted.Wage cuts, retrenchments resulted in country wide strikes
– General Textile workers – Bombay, Nagpur and Solapur.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1935 – 1939:
Modern Trade Unionism AITUC – Formed 1935 New constitution of India adopted under
Labour representatives – Got elected through TU constituencies.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1935 – 1939:
Main Reason: a) Advent of popular Ministers – Pledge
to implement election manifest. b) Provision of Labour seats. c) Changed attitude of employers – TU is
inevitable.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1935 – 1939:
1934 – 159 Strikes 1937 - 379 strikes 1939 - Famous Digboi Oil strike – In
which Viceroy and the Governor intervened to bring about settlement.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1939 – 1946:
Commencement of World War II Labour forces consolidated. Increase in number of employment in factories,
mines et. Growing disparity in cost of living. Indian federation of Labour formed in 1941. Quit India Movement in 1942.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
POST WAR - POST INDEPENDENCE 1946: INTUC – Formed in 1947. Socialist party – HMS – 1948, JANSANGH – BMS – 1955 National Federation of Railway men. All India Bank Employees Association. National Federation of Post and Telegraph
Workers. CITUs.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
PERIOD BETWEEN 1935 - 1939:
Two International Trade Unions: a) World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTUC) Communist bloc unions. b) International Confederation of Free
Trade Unions (ICFTU) Anglo – American Bloc.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
ROLE OF OUTSIDERS IN TUs:
a) Undermined the purposes of ITU Trade Unions and weakened authority – More weightage to political considerations rather than economic and social.
b) Responsible for slow growth.c) Leaders are not from Rank and file.d) Multiplicity of Trade Unions.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
UNION RIVALRY:a) Political considerationb) Factional differencesc) Inter union conflict / Intra union rivalryd) Inter Union code of conduct – voluntarily agreed
for harmonious inter union relations by four major central organisations – 1958.
e) System of union recognition – Plant, Industry, centre cum industry.
f) Collective bargaining Agents.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
DEFECTS IN TU MOVEMENT IN INDIA:I. Internal Factors: a) Lack of enlightened Labour Force, Lack of
education, divide workers religion, language, caste.
b) General poverty and low level of wages. c) Dependence of leaders mainly social and
political workers. d) No united front of TUs. e) Fail to recognise importances of mutual help
and welfare facilities.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA
DEFECTS IN TU MOVEMENT IN INDIA:II. External Factors: a) Outside Leadership b) Political Unionism c) Multiplicity of Tus d) Low Membership e) Lack of welfare and constructive activities f) Lack of collective bargaining / Leading to
litigation.
TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA