Tracheophyta: the seed plants

Two different kinds• Gymnosperms: have an unprotected seed

(naked in cone like structures)• Angiosperms: seeds are enclosed and

protected inside a fruit

Adaptations of seed plants

• Can reproduce without water (wind or other creatures can carry genetic material)

• There are separate male and female gametophytes

Gymnosperms• Have thin, needle like leaves (covered by a

waxy cuticle)• Roots extend over a wide surface area to

hold the tree firmly in one place and access a lot of nutrients/water from the soil

• Tend to live in colder/harsher climates

• Ex: Evergreen trees!

Angiosperms• Have flowers (known as flowering plants) for

attracting pollinators (like insects or birds)• Flowers have both male and female structures• Male (Stamen):

o Anther :produces polleno Filament: thin stalk that holds anther out of the

flower• Female (Carpel/Pistil)

o Stigma: where pollen gets depositedo Style: a slender stalk leading from stigma to

the ovaryo Ovary: contains ovule (egg cell)

Make sure you know the life cycles of seed

plantspg 266

and pg 269

Coevolution• Some specific insect or animals are attracted to

the nectar in specific flowers (and will thus pollinate them)

• It is believed they evolved together: plant feeding insect while insect helps plant reproduce

• Madagascar hawkmoth and orchid