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September 5, 2008
Kazuo Okamoto
Toyota Motor Corporation
September 5, 2008
Kazuo Okamoto
Toyota Motor Corporation
Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility
3
L31.0ℓL3
1.0ℓ
Newly- developed
L41.3ℓ
New Start & Stop system
Newly- developed
L41.3ℓ
New Start & Stop system
L41.8ℓ2.0ℓ
Valvematic system
L41.8ℓ2.0ℓ
Valvematic system
Newly- developed
L42.5ℓ2.7ℓ
Newly- developed
L42.5ℓ2.7ℓ
V62.5ℓ3.0ℓ3.5ℓ4.0ℓ
V62.5ℓ3.0ℓ3.5ℓ4.0ℓ
V84.6ℓ5.0ℓ5.7ℓ
V84.6ℓ5.0ℓ5.7ℓ
Add variations of fuel-efficient enginesAdd variations of fuelAdd variations of fuel--efficient enginesefficient engines
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology
Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 (1.0 ℓ) through V8Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 (1.0 ℓ) through V8
4
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology
<Improvement of fuel efficiency><Improvement of fuel efficiency> <Weight reduction><Weight reduction>
<Improvement of performance><Improvement of performance>
Fuel
econ
omyl
abel (
mpg)
Engine
former new former3MZ-FE
new2ZR-FE1ZZ-FE 2GR-FE
former new3GR-FSE1JZ-GE
former new1UR-FE3UZ-FE
Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency by introducing new engines
■Fuel efficiency comparison(former-new)■Fuel efficiency comparison(former-new)
former1SZ-FE
new1KR-FE
former1AZ-FSE
new3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE
former new former new
engine
Weig
ht co
mpar
ison b
y outp
ut(kg
/kW/ℓ)
Reduced weight by using aluminum material, and modularized parts.
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0 ■Engine weight comparison(former-new)■Engine weight comparison(former-new)
Performance improved by introducing D-4S, high compression ratio, and lowering friction. Ou
tput c
ompa
rison(
kW/ℓ)
50
60
70
‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08(year)
Camry(V6)
Lexus LSLexus GS
Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency,and in performance at the same time
Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency,Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency,and in performance at the same timeand in performance at the same time
30
25
15
10
20
1.0ℓ
class2.0ℓ
class
3.0ℓ
class 4.0ℓ
class
Corolla
5
900900
800800
700700
600600
500500
400400
300300
200200
100100
1,0001,000
00
( thousand)( thousand)
’97’97 ’98’98 ’99’99 ’00’00 ’01’01 ’02’02 ’03’03 ’04’04 ’05’05 ’06’06 ’07’07 ’08’08 ’09’09 (year)(year)
Annual sales of Toyota HV(world wide)Annual sales of Toyota HV(world wide)
Expansion of promoting Hybrid Vehicles (HV)
Accelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demandAccelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demandAccelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demand
7
3.
Prevention of Air Pollution3.3.
Prevention of Air PollutionPrevention of Air Pollution
1.Reducing Oil Consumption and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies1.1.Reducing Oil Consumption Reducing Oil Consumption
and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energiesand Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies
2.
Reducing CO2(for preventing global warming)2.2.
Reducing COReducing CO22((for preventing global warmingfor preventing global warming))
Recognizing Challenges
8
Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO2 emissions
Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower COlower CO22 emissionsemissions
【
Six methods by which world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】【
Six methods by which world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】
Differential gear reverse placementDifferential gear reverse placement Center take-off gearboxCenter take-off gearbox
Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floorPlacement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor
Compact air conditioning unitCompact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panelAsymmetric installment panel
Slimmed seat backsSlimmed seat backs
Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles
9
Vehicle Weight (ton)
CO2
Emiss
ion
(g/km
)
PriusPriusCamry HVCamry HV
GS450hGS450hRX400hRX400h
LS600hLS600h
GasolineGasoline
DieselDiesel
Gasoline HVGasoline HV
Heavy
Large
EC mode
HVs contribute to reduced CO2 emissionsHVsHVs contribute to reduced COcontribute to reduced CO22 emissionsemissions
Environmental Superiority of HV
10
55
’03 Prius ’05 RX400h’97 Prius ’06 GS450h ’07 LS600hTe
chno
logy
Tech
nolog
yOu
tput d
ensit
y rati
oOu
tput d
ensit
y rati
o
11
33
66
44
22
Reducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output density
Permanent Magnet MotorPermanent Magnet MotorIncreasing voltageIncreasing voltage
Increasing speedIncreasing speedTwo-stage motor speed
reduction gear Two-stage motor speed
reduction gear
33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW
Evolution of Electric Motors for HV
11
0Volume output density (W/ℓ)Volume output density (W/ℓ)
Mass
outpu
t den
sity (
W/kg
)Ma
ss ou
tput d
ensit
y (W
/kg)
Lighter
(Cylindrical)(Cylindrical)
(Square plastic package)(Square plastic package)
Smaller
30% Improvement
30% Improvement
’03 Prius
’00 Prius(Square resin package)(Square resin package)
’97 Prius
RX400h(Square metal package)(Square metal package)
Evolution of Batteries for HV
Reducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output density
35% Improvement
35% Improvement
12
HV Competitiveness of HV With Other Car makers
- Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales- Toyota HV superiors other makers’ HV in fuel efficiency -- Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV salesToyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales-- Toyota HV superiors other makersToyota HV superiors other makers’’ HV in fuel efficiency HV in fuel efficiency
(thousand units/year)
2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000Vehicle Weight (lbs)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Fuel
Econ
omy (mpg)
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆◆◆
◆◆◆◆
■■■■■■■■
▲▲▲▲ ● ●
’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07’01’00’99’98’970
50■
Toyota
Maker A
Maker BMaker C
100
150
200
250300
350400450
Toyota HV
Other Makers HV
◆
◆
◆◆
◆▲
▲
▲▲
▲▲
▲
◆
13
Household electricityHousehold electricity
Fuel Tank
Engine
Motor
Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle
Battery
Recharging battery using an external power sourceShort distance:EV, Long distance:HVRecharging battery using an external power sourceShort distance:EV, Long distance:HV
14
HybridHybrid
Short distance: EVShort distance: EV Long distance: HVLong distance: HV
ElectricityElectricity
What is Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle?
15
Partner:University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Irvine
Partner: EDF
(13km EV driving distance)(13km EV driving distance)
Toyota PHVsToyota PHVs
Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA⇒confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles
Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAVerification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA⇒⇒confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plugconfirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug--in hybrid vehiclesin hybrid vehicles
< Fuel Efficiency Improvement >< Fuel Efficiency Improvement >Data on driving in JapanData on driving in Japan
PriusPrius
Level of gasoline vehiclesLevel of gasoline vehicles
1010
88
66
44
22
00 2020 4040 6060Driving distance after battery charged (km)Driving distance after battery charged (km)
Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid VehiclesFu
el ec
onom
y (g
asoli
ne ve
hicle=
1)
< Expected Values for EV Driving Distance >(Result of the user questionnaires)
10km10km
20km20km40km40km
OtherOther
No AnswerNo Answer
20%
7%7%
19%19% 22%22%
30%30%
16
Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure
For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles
Challenges for EV:Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charg1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructureing infrastructure
For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiFor the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiclescles
EV Initiatives
Toyota RAV4 EVToyota RAV4 EV
Toyota e-comToyota e-com Accelerate R&D of new generation EV(in early 2010s)
17
FFVFFV
FCHVFCHV
Alternative Fuels Initiatives(Bio Fuels, Natural Gas, Hydrogen)
Place HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers items based on the concept “right vehicle for the right place at the right time”
Place HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offerPlace HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers items s items based on the concept based on the concept ““right vehicle for the right place at the right timeright vehicle for the right place at the right time””
Bio FuelsBio Fuels- Research for manufacturing cellulose ethanol - Completed all models to adopted to E10-Development of vehicles like FFV or BDF-vehicles
to satisfy regional demand
HydrogenHydrogen- Steady advances in FCV technology
Natural GasNatural Gas- Introducing CNG vehicle
18
1010 100100 10001000 1000010000
Lithiu
m-ion b
atteri
es
Natio
nal p
rojec
t targe
ts
Lithiu
m-ion b
atteri
es
Natio
nal p
rojec
t targe
ts
’10’10
’20’20
’15’15
Nickel-hydride batteries Nickel-hydride batteries
10001000
20002000
40004000
60006000
80008000
1000010000
Traditional battery performance limit Traditional battery performance limit
Outpu
t Den
sity (
W/l)
Outpu
t Den
sity (
W/l)
Energy Density (W/l) Cruising DistanceEnergy Density (W/l) Cruising Distance
AResearch bodiesA
Research bodies
BUniversitiesB
Universities
AResearch bodiesA
Research bodies
ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry
Organic and inorganic chemistryOrganic and inorganic chemistry
Chemical engineeringChemical engineering
Analysis Analysis
SimulationSimulation
Recruitment and training of research personnel
Recruitment and training of research personnel
Toyotabattery
researchdepartment
(openlaboratory)
Toyotabattery
researchdepartment
(openlaboratory)
Next Generation Batteries
Research Organization for Next-generation Batteries
“Sakichi”Batteries Physical chemistryPhysical chemistry
Solid-state physicsSolid-state physics
New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery
New battery research department to be established New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batteas part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batteryry
19
Global R&D Centers
AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaEuropeEuropeEurope
North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth America South East AsiaSouth East AsiaSouth East Asia JapanJapanJapan
North America Research Institute(TRI-NA) is newly-organized
North America Research Institute(TRI-NA) is newly-organized