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Psychological Dependence
Drug is used to fulfill EMOTIONAL needs
- Cope with life
- To feel more comfortable in social settings
CRACK is the most
PSYCHOLOGICALLY
addictive
Physical Dependence
• Physical dependence means the body gets used to the drug, it needs more and more of it to accomplish the same effect.
• Finally, the drug is merely used to counteract the withdrawal symptoms that appear when no drugs are being taken. Perspiring, feeling cold, goose flesh/pimples (cold turkey), running nose, stomach cramps, aching muscles, diarrhea.
How used:
• Mainlining: injecting into a vein or muscle
• Smoked (mixed with marijuana in a joint)
• Snorted as a powder
Oxycontin
– acetaminophen (tylenol)– and oxycodone
– used to treat severe pain
– tablets crushed & ingested– or dissolved in water and– injected
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF OXYCONTIN
• “RUSH” SIMILAR TO HEROIN
• RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
• CONSTIPATION, NAUSEA, VOMITING
• CARDIAC ARREST
• SEVERE WITHDRAWAL (“FLU x 1000”- 2 WKS)
“Barbs” “Yellow Jackets”
“Blue Devils” “Reds”
Fast-acting barbiturates are
the most commonly abused :
Secobarbital,
Pentobarbital,
Amobarbital
Long-term Effects of Barbiturates
Withdrawal:• Insomnia
• Muscle spasms
• Delirium
• Convulsions
• Can lead to death
Ketamine Mixed in drinks
As a powder–snorted
Hallucinogenatory
effects:
-Euphoria
-Delirium
-Amnesia
-High blood pressure
Higher doses can
stop breathing-DEATH
GHB: Short-term Effects
• Drowsiness
• Vomiting
• Delusions
• Depression
• Amnesia
• Coma
• Death
Increasingdosages
Rohypnol: Short-term Effects
Sedative
Hypnotic effect
Muscle relaxant
Amnesia
At higher dosages:
respiratory depression
With alcohol: no memory COMA
HUFFING: INHALANT ABUSE• RAG IS SOAKED IN
INHALANT AND PLACED IN MOUTH. THE INHALANT VAPORIZES AND GOES TO THE LUNGS,THEN TO THE BRAIN
• COMMON HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS
• ONLY TYPE OF DRUG ABUSE MORE COMMON IN YOUNGER CHILDREN THAN IN TEENS
GLUE-SNIFFING
USUALLY TOLUENE
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS:
Exhilaration, euphoria,slurred
Speech, impaired judgement,
Double vision
LONG-TERM EFFECTS:
Liver, heart, brain damage
DEATH
WORLD WAR IISOLDIERS
USED AMPHETAMINESTO STAY AWAKE
THE NAZIS USED AMPHETAMINES
SO TROOPS WOULDNOT NEED SLEEP
METHAMPHETAMINES• Powerful stimulant
• Taken orally, injected, snorted, or smoked
• Use is on rise because it is mixed with Ecstacy
Meth: Short-term Effects
Increased energyDecrease in appetite
EuphoriaIrritability
AggressionThen EXHAUSTION and DEPRESSIONDecrease in Heart and Breathing Rates
Your Brain on Meth..
• Healthy Brain Meth BrainSPECTscan – shows blood flow to brain Effects Similar to
Stroke or Alzheimers
COCAINE:SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
• Increased Body Temperature
• Increased Heart Rate
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Imsomnia
• Loss of appetite
• CARDIAC ARREST/RESPIRATORY FAILURE
RITALIN: SHORT-TERM EFFECTSSIMILAR TO COCAINE
• Increased Body Temperature
• Increased Heart Rate
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Imsomnia
• Loss of appetite
• CARDIAC ARREST/RESPIRATORY FAILURE
MARIJUANA
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
TetraHydroCannabinol - THC
Short-term Effects:
Distorted perception
Problems with memory and
learning
MARIJUANA:LONG-TERM EFFECTS
• HIGHER CONCENTRATION THAN TOBACCO OF CANCER-CAUSING COMPOUNDS
• STRONG PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCY
•George Koob, M.D., of the Scripps Research Institute says that studies of long-term exposure to cannabinoids, the active ingredient in marijuana, suggest that addiction to one drug could make a person vulnerable to abuse and addiction to other drugs. Cannabis abuse, he says, appears to activate corticotropin-releasing factor, a brain chemical that increases during periods of stress. Consequently, Koob says, this could "lead to a subtle disruption of brain processes that are then 'primed' for further and easier disruption by other drugs of abuse."
• Critics of the idea note that even if people who use cocaine started with marijuana, it is not clear that the marijuana use caused or encouraged the cocaine use: The person may simply have encountered marijuana first, and/or is the sort of person more inclined than others to experiment with a variety of illegal drugs. Fewer than one percent of marijuana users go on to become cocaine addicts.
PCP: PHENCYLIDINE
• INTRAVENOUS ANASTETIC• “ANGEL DUST” “KILLER WEED”
• SNORTED, SMOKED, OR INGESTED• Often used as an additive to marijuana,
LSD, or methamphetamine
PCP: Short-Term Effects
• Increased breathing rate, blood pressure, and pulse rate
• High doses: vomiting, nausea
• Aggressive behavior• violence• inability to feel pain
PCP: Long-term Effects
• Memory loss
• Speech difficulties
• Depression
• Mixing PCP with alcohol or other depressants can lead to coma or death
Ecstacy: Short-Term Effects• Increase in REM
• EXCESSIVE energy
• Euphoria
• Serotonin high
• Pschological effects: confusion, depression, anxiety, paranoia
• Physical Effects: nausea, blurred vision, HIGH BODY TEMPERATURES (104-1150F), DEHYDRATION, INCREASED HEART RATE, HYDRATION
FIRST EFFECTS
ECSTASY: Long-Term Effects
• Permanent damage to neurons that release serotonin
• Memory impairment• Kidney damage• Permanent brain
damage• May develop
addiction to HEROIN because it is often laced into Ecstacy
TESTOSTERONE:SHORT-TERM
EFFECTS
• ACCELERATED MUSCLE GROWTH
• SECONDARY MALE CHARACTERISTICS
• MASCULIZING EFFECTS ON FEMALES
• DIMINISHED SEX DRIVE IN MALES
• UNPROVOKED ANGER AND DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR
XENADRINE RFA-1:A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
• COMPOSED OF CAFFEINE AND EPHEDRA
• TABLETS ARE INGESTED
• SHORT-TERM EFFECTS: Increases blood pressure and heart rate, insomnia,
increases METABOLISM
DRUG CONTROL LAWS
THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ACT
OF 1970:
DRUGS CLASSIFIED BY:
1. POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE
2. PHYSIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
3. MEDICAL VALUE
SCHEDULE 1 DRUGS:
• High potential for abuse
• High potential for physiological and/or psychological dependence
• No medical value
SCHEDULE 1 DRUGS:
HEROIN, MARIJUANA, LSD, METHQUOLENE
SCHEDULE 2 DRUGS:• High potential for abuse
• Potential for physiological and/or psychological dependence
• ACCEPTED medical value
• SCHEDULE 2 DRUGS:
AMPETAMINES,COCAINE,METHODONE, PCP, and most BARBITURATES (amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital)
and DRONABINOL(A SYNTHETIC EQUIVALENT OF THC – TREATING GLAUCOMA AND EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY)
SCHEDULE 3 DRUGS:• LESS potential for abuse
• LOW TO MODERATE potential for physiological
• HIGH psychological dependence
• Medical use in US
SCHEDULE 3 DRUGS:
ALL BARBITURATES(EXCEPT PHENOBARBITOL) NOT COVERED IN SCHEDULE 2 , CODEINE, AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS
SCHEDULE 4 DRUGS:
• LOW potential for abuse
• LIMITED potential for physiological and or psychological dependence
• Medical use in US
SCHEDULE 4 DRUGS:
PHENOBARBITOL, DARVON, VALIUM