Toxicity of Toxicity of DaphniaDaphnia to to Manganese Compared Manganese Compared to Manganese to Manganese Concentrations in Local Concentrations in Local WatersWaters

Kristel FijolekKristel Fijolek

Senior Capstone, Spring 2005Senior Capstone, Spring 2005

OverviewOverview

Introduction and BackgroundIntroduction and Background HypothesisHypothesis Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods ResultsResults ConclusionConclusion

Introduction and Introduction and BackgroundBackground ManganeseManganese

– Found in the natural environmentFound in the natural environment– Range found in potable water: 0.0019 Range found in potable water: 0.0019

– 0.0091 mg/L – 0.0091 mg/L – Range found in environmental fresh Range found in environmental fresh

water: 0.00097 – 1.835 mg/L water: 0.00097 – 1.835 mg/L – Levels increase with acid mine Levels increase with acid mine

drainagedrainage– Eramet ~ 4,000,000 pounds/yr into Eramet ~ 4,000,000 pounds/yr into

the airthe air

Introduction and Introduction and Background continuedBackground continued

Eramet, Rt. 7.

Introduction and Introduction and Background continuedBackground continued ManganeseManganese

– Toxicity causes Parkinson’s like Toxicity causes Parkinson’s like symptomssymptoms

– Normal blood level < 10 µg/LNormal blood level < 10 µg/L– Can move up the food chain by Can move up the food chain by

concentrating in the tissues – passed concentrating in the tissues – passed on to the organism which eats iton to the organism which eats it

Introduction and Introduction and Background continuedBackground continued Daphnia magna Daphnia magna as bioindicatorsas bioindicators

– Require little space and careRequire little space and care– Easy to acquire and inexpensiveEasy to acquire and inexpensive– Short life cycleShort life cycle– Important link in the food chainImportant link in the food chain– Sensitive to toxinsSensitive to toxins– Commonly used in acute toxicity Commonly used in acute toxicity

studiesstudies

Introduction and Introduction and Background continuedBackground continued

http://www.cisba.it/images/DaphniaMagna.gif

HypothesisHypothesis

My questions: My questions: – How much of the manganese in the How much of the manganese in the

air is getting into the water?air is getting into the water?

– What is the LCWhat is the LC5050 for for DaphniaDaphnia, and , and how does this compare with local how does this compare with local manganese levels?manganese levels?

– Null hypothesisNull hypothesis

Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

48 hour acute toxicity testing48 hour acute toxicity testing 20 20 DaphniaDaphnia per culture dish – per culture dish –

number dead counted per dish and number dead counted per dish and averaged per concentrationaveraged per concentration

3 dishes per MnSO3 dishes per MnSO44 concentration concentration Testing carried out in culture Testing carried out in culture

medium and filtered Ohio River medium and filtered Ohio River waterwater

Materials and Methods Materials and Methods continuedcontinued

Daphnia cultures

Materials and Methods Materials and Methods continuedcontinued Daphnia Daphnia culture mediumculture medium

– CaSOCaSO44* H* H22O: 192 mg/LO: 192 mg/L

– NaHCONaHCO33: 192 mg/L: 192 mg/L

– MgSOMgSO44: 120 mg/L: 120 mg/L

– KCl: 8 mg/LKCl: 8 mg/L

Materials and Methods Materials and Methods continuedcontinued

Dosing set-up

Materials and Methods Materials and Methods continuedcontinued Analysis of water samplesAnalysis of water samples

Perkin-Elmer 1100B Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - Perkin-Elmer 1100B Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - Limit of detection: 0.052 mg/LLimit of detection: 0.052 mg/Lwww.york.ac.uk/depts/eeem/pics/photos/Dept/perkinelmeraa.jpgwww.york.ac.uk/depts/eeem/pics/photos/Dept/perkinelmeraa.jpg

Materials and Methods Materials and Methods continuedcontinued

Materials and Methods Materials and Methods continuedcontinued All samples filtered through All samples filtered through

Whatman # 1 filter paperWhatman # 1 filter paper– Ohio RiverOhio River– Veto LakeVeto Lake– Marietta College tap waterMarietta College tap water

Results – acute toxicityResults – acute toxicity

RW and CM: Y = .0233 X + 11.442

Dose Response Curve

0

20

40

60

80

100

10 100 1000

log of MnSO4 Concentration (mg/L)

% D

ead

River WaterCulture Medium

Results – LCResults – LC5050

From the equations of the From the equations of the trendlines, 50 (% dead) used for trendlines, 50 (% dead) used for the Y value to calculate LCthe Y value to calculate LC5050

– LC LC 5050 in river water: 165 mg/L in river water: 165 mg/L

– LC LC 5050 in culture medium: 165 mg/L in culture medium: 165 mg/L

Results – water Results – water analysisanalysis

MnSO4 Standard Curve

y = 0.0367x - 0.0381

0.000.020.040.060.080.100.120.140.160.18

0 1 2 3 4 5

MnSO4 (μg/mL)

Ab

so

rba

nc

e

Results – water Results – water analysisanalysis Veto Lake – below limit of Veto Lake – below limit of

detectiondetection Ohio River – below limit of Ohio River – below limit of

detectiondetection Tap water – below limit of Tap water – below limit of

detectiondetection– Limit of detection: 0.052 mg/LLimit of detection: 0.052 mg/L

ConclusionConclusion

LCLC5050 for for DaphniaDaphnia was much higher was much higher than the Mn levels found in the than the Mn levels found in the water samples. water samples.

Mn levels in the water samples Mn levels in the water samples were not high enough to kill were not high enough to kill DaphniaDaphnia

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Dr. Brown, Dr. McShaffrey, and Dr. Brown, Dr. McShaffrey, and the Marietta College biology the Marietta College biology department.department.

Photographs (unless otherwise Photographs (unless otherwise indicated) by Bill Fijolekindicated) by Bill Fijolek

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Questions?Questions?