Dr. Darlie Koshy PhD(IIT.D) DG & CEO, Apparel Training & Design Centre

(ATDC: India’s largest Quality Vocational Training Provider for Apparel Sector with over 200 Centres Pan-India) Former Director, NID Ahmedabad, Gandhi Nagar, Bangalore (2000-2009)

Founding Head of Fashion Management, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi (1987-2000) www.darliekoshy.com

Skills, Productivity & Benchmarks

Session Keynote Address

Towards a Learning Eco-System

From “Alice in Wonderland” ― Lewis Carroll

Where is India’s current skilling strategy headed?

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

Strategic Direction for Skilling India’s Aspirational Youth

Service sector

(54%)

Manufacturing/

Industry Sector

(29%)

Agriculture

Sector

(17%)

• Agriculture (approx. 52% employment) • Manufacturing / Industry Sector (approx. 23% employment) • Service Sector (approx. 25% employment)

Skills For

Often Forgotten Defence: Airforce, Army, Navy mandating two years of mandatory military (preferable) service for boys may be a good idea given the increasing unemployment and need for a disciplined nation

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

Workforce with Formal Skills Training India - 2.3% USA – 52% UK - 68% Germany - 75% Japan – 80% South Korea – 96%

“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - I took the one less travelled by, and that has made all the difference”- Robert Frost

Indian Economy / GDP

Emergence of Industry Revolution 4.0

Industry 4.0 is a name for the current trend of automation and Cyber Physical manufacturing technologies. Developed economy like Germany, Sweden and Switzerland are preferring the youth for higher order skills and jobs.

Industry 4.0 creates "smart factory"

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

Also “SMART Agriculture”, “SMART Artificial Intelligence - led services”

Demographic Opportunities 2022

• $1 Trillion: in 60 Years (1947-2007)

• $2 Trillion: in 10 Years ( 2007-2017)

• $4Trillion: by 2022 ( will it achieve given the current slowdown?)

Indian Economy

India’s Demographic Dividend or Demographic Disaster ?

India’s golden spot of opportunity from 2017 -2035 World’s youngest work force with a median age way below that of China & OECD Countries “Skilling” without creating demand for skills or opening up sufficient employment opportunities is fraught with danger

India turns 75 years Post-Independence

Advantage Points: CHI–INDIA • Return per $ wages:

China: 1.83 India: 1.37

• Work force:

China: Works in ‘Full Capacity’ India: Much scope of Improvement (“Hidden Factory ” eg: Apparel Factories at 33% capacity )

• Work environment:

China: 45% unorganized Sector India: 84% of labour in unorganized Sector

• Distribution:

China: 71% of women in working age are in workforce India: only 39% of female workers in working age

• Education Index: Wide Gap between China & India

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

Some Benchmarks

“Benchmarks is not always about what is common to the top players but what can be different and unique”

2-pronged Strategy going forward

• From “Training Centres” to “Learning Centres” • From “Training Ecosystem” to “Learning Eco System”

• Kerala Model ASAP (Additional Skill Acquisition Programme) eg: ATDC’s 57 Batches

• Tamil Nadu Model RUSA (Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan)

System Evaluation of TPs

Online Monitoring

800 + 573 Engineering College – Vacant Ones – Technical Colleges, said to be shutting down by with AICTE

• RPL (Recognition of Prior-learning) • World Skills Centres / Multi- Skilling Centres ( overall improvement of Skill level)

2017-2022 : low hanging fruits

2022-2035

• Focus on Longer-duration – High order Skills- Redefining Service & Manufacturing Sectors in the light of Industry 4.0

• Focus on Full Service (300 hrs to 3000 hrs) training provider & even Colleges / Institutes/ Universities

Disruptive change required: Training Ecosystem” to “Learning Ecosystem” Reorienting the organisations is the biggest challenge

Implementing “Sharda Prasad Report” on top Priority

ATDC wins “Best Training Service Provider” award for 2015-16 by

ASAP Govt. of Kerala Based on 30 parameters for the 15-

16 Regular batches and 2017 summer batches' execution among

52 TPs.

Capacity of TSP > Pre Training > Training > Assessment > Extra Initiatives > Other

Future of Jobs in Textile - Apparel Value Chain

How do we create more jobs? How do we add more entrepreneurs for the Value Chain?

Probability

Occupation

0.004 Choreographers

0.0049 Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers

0.0055 Set and Exhibit Designers

0.015 Multimedia Artists & Animators

0.021 Fashion Designers, Photographers

0.022 Interior Designers

0.035 Craft Artists

0.042 Fine Artists, Sculptors & Illustrators

0.047 Floral Designers

0.082 Graphic Designers

0.38 Packers & Packagers, Hand

0.61 Costume Attendants

0.64 Cutters and Trimmers, Hand

0.71 Laundry & Dry-Cleaning Workers

0.73 Textile Knitting & Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders

0.81 Pressers, Textile, Garment, & Related Materials

0.84 Tailors, Dress Makers & Custom Sewers

0.89 Sewing Machine Operators

0.92 Retail Salespersons

COMPUTERISATION/AUTOMATION

Probability

Occupation

0.95 Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators & Tenders

0.95 Jewellers & Precious Stone & Metal Workers

0.96 Textile Winding, Twisting & Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators & Tenders

0.96 Fabric Menders, Except Garment

0.97 Textile Bleaching & Dyeing Machine Operators & Tenders

* Source: The future of Employment by Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A Osborne ( Sept’ 2013)

(Note : Illustrative only )

TECHNOLOGIES WILL DISRUPT THIS SECTOR :- 3D Printing Body Scanning Technology Computer-aided Design Wearable Technologies Nano- Technologies Environment friendly sustainable manufacturing technique Robotic/ Automation/ Artificial Intelligence

Least Probability to High Probability

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

New Age Skills for “Future Workforce”

Sense Making

Social Intelligence

Novel & Adaptive Thinking

Cross Cultural

Competency

Computational Thinking

New- Media Literacy

Trans-disciplinarity

Design Mind-set

Cognitive Load

Management

Virtual Collaboration

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

Future is Now…

,2016

www.darliekoshy.com

Generic & Essential Skills Across T & A Value Chain

Cognitive Abilities ( like creativity, problem solving, logical reasoning etc.)

Physical Abilities (Like Physical Strength, Manual Strength etc.)

Content Skills (focused on active learning, reading, comprehension, etc.)

Process Skills ( Like Critical Thinking, Active Listening etc.)

Cross Functional Skills - Social Skills - Systems Skills - Complex Problem Solving Skills - Resource Management Skills - Technical Skills

Also Maximum Skill Demand is estimated to be for complex Problem Skills (36%) followed by Social Skills (19%) and Process Skills(16%) till 2020

New Approach to ‘Learning Ecosystem ’

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

“Skill should not only capture value, but create value for the whole value chain

Cross-Functional Skills cannot be provided by entry-level Skill Centres : Focus need to be on upgraded ITIs/ Engineering Colleges/ Full service Vocational Training Providers etc.

World Skills based “Grouping” for setting up “Learning Centres” Intra-sectral / inter-sectral flexibility and mobility will be advantageous on the face of Job Losses .

setting up new centres along the lines of the

existing World Class Skill Centre

The courses offered by the centres will

evolve as per requirements of the local

industries of each regional State

The World Skills Competitions have Identified Just Six Groupings for all the sectors

Creative Arts & Fashion

Transport and Logistics

Social and personal services

Construction and Building Technology

Information and Communication Technology

Manufacturing and Engineering Technology

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

“Bouquet of Skills”

Reskilling and Continuous Learning… creating “learning organisations” instead of “training organisations”

• Identify ‘Skill sets’ and ‘Performance Gaps’

• Assess Corporate ‘Learner’s Strengths’

• Evaluate ‘Pain Point’ and Use Online

Training sources to ‘Reskill’, ‘Upskill’ and

even acquire ‘New-skill’ (RUN Strategy)

• Plan Ahead: Skills needed in the ‘immediate

future’ context with a 12-24 months runway

Eg: In Indian Apparel Factories “Supervisory

Skills” is the “Achilles” Heel / lack of Industrial

Engineering (IE) is major lacunae

Becoming “Learner-Centric”

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

Upskilling

Survey findings of “India Inc’s Middle order Crisis” a report by Emeritus Institutes of Management, May 2016, which is based on survey of 350 C- suite level executives of IT/ITES manufacturing and BFSI sectors in India

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

Newskilling School Dropouts / School Leavers

• 13.5% are dropouts of children aged 15-16 years, compared to 4.6% of 11-14 years old children according to ASER 2016 survey.

• Across India, Madhya Pradesh had the highest proportion of children in ages 15-16

years (23.6%), who were dropouts. Gujarat being the second highest with 19.3% and UP (18.7%), Chhattisgarh (17.5%) and Rajasthan (16.5%)–are among the top five states.

World Skills Competitions and World Standards in Skills

World Skills 2011 London • Gold Switzerland

• Silver Macao China

• Bronze Chinese Taipei, Thailand

Marks 451/500 Scale

Position : 16/17

World Skills 2013 Leipzig • Gold Finland

• Silver France

• Bronze Chinese Taipei, Switzerland

Marks 441/500 Scale

Position : 20/21

World Skills 2015 Sao Paulo • Gold Chinese Taipei

• Silver Brazil

• Bronze China

Marks 492/500 Scale

Position : 17/25

• Malaysia joined in 1962, • South Korea joined in 1966, • USA joined in 1973, • Macau (China) joined in 1993, • Singapore had joined in 1993 • Hong Kong (China) joined in 1997 • India had joined only in 2007 and as evidence suggests these countries have progressed rapidly in terms of “Skill Levels”.

Towards Global Benchmarks

World-Skill Competitions are showcasing the value of skills & raising the recognition of skilled professionals worldwide.

Focus on Employment and Empowerment of Women

Soft & Life Skills training under P.A.C.E. by Gap Inc.

Tourism, Hospitality, Wellness & Beauty, Apparel & Fashion preferred job profiles for women : A case for reserving the entry level jobs in such sectors for women for increasing the number of women workforce

Key Parameters for Impact Assessment of Skill Development

Quality of Skills, Quality of Life

Short Term Indicators Long Term Indicators

Enrollment Size of Trainees

Attendance Assessment

Internal Assessment of Theory

Internal assessment of Practical

Third Party Assessment

Successful Certification

Wage Based Placement

Self-Employment Placement

6 Month Post Placement Tracking

Social Empowerment

Economic Empowerment

Household Livelihood

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

ATDC SMART

ATDC AVI

ATDC B. VOC

UG Programmes with RGNYID under Ministry of

Youth Affairs & Sports 30 ATDC-SKPs approved

by AICTE for B. Voc.Degrees

From 4 months to 1 year 65 VTPs / 56 TP approved by NSDC, MSDE approved by DGT (Ministry of Skill

Development)

NSQF Level 05-07 NSQF Level 04-05 NSQF Level 01-03

400-500 Candidates being Trained per

annum

6000- 7500 Candidates being

Trained per annum

45,000-50,000 Candidates being

Trained per annum

NSQF: National Skill Qualification Framework (MSDE| NSDA)

Upto 3- 4 months Approved by NSDC, MSDE

as per common norms

400-1040 Hrs of Training 270-400 Hrs of Training 1800-3000 Hrs of Training

ATDC’s Step-ladder Comprehensive Eco-System for Vocational Training in Textile- Apparel Value Chain

Monthly Wages : Rs 12,000-18,000/-

Monthly Wages : Rs 18,000-25,000/- Monthly Wages :

Rs 6,500-12,000/-

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

More durable-sustainable Multi-Skill centres for large employment creating labour Intensive sectors

Textile & Apparel Industry’s expected growth by 2024-25

About 35 million additional jobs expected to be created *Source: Vision, Strategy & Action plan Document, MOT, GOI for Indian Textile & Apparel Sector

Respond to Aspirational of Indian Youth

Adapting the T- Shaped Skills(Gazelle Model) for Skilling the “Indian Fashion Eco-system”

• Gazelle approach ( group of over 22 colleges spread across Scotland, Ireland) has challenged both ‘traditional pedagogy’ and the ‘narrow emphasis’ on just technical skills

• Attempt to give Prominence to ‘personal

development’ and ‘employability’ “A new model in emerging, where success in

public services demands the ability to grapple with complexity, prioritise ruthlessly and innovate constantly in order to cut a path through the jungle of inertia created by the democratic

context.” (very true for India!)

“T Shaped skills have been at the centre of Gazelle mission”

- Cathy Walsh Principal & CEO, Barking & Degenham College

Breadth of Capabilities and Qualities

Dep

th o

f Te

chn

ical

Cap

abili

ties

NEW Aspirational Model of Skilling going forward in Innovation / Creative Economy

© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017

“My dear, here we must run as fast as we can, just to stay in place. And if you wish to go anywhere

you must run twice as fast as that.”

“Alice in Wonderland”

― Lewis Carroll

Thank You

Dr. Darlie Koshy www.darliekoshy.com