Towards a Dynamic and Distributed Coastal GIS: Lessons Learned From The

Wisconsin Coastal GIS Applications Project

David HartUniversity of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute

andLand Information and Computer Graphics Facility,

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Overview of the Presentationn Background on the Wisconsin Coastal GIS

Applications Projectn Role of the Wisconsin Land Information

Programn Acquisition and Integration of Digital Parcel

Mapping for the Lake Michigan Coast of Wisconsin

n Applications of an Integrated Digital Parcel Map

n Issues in Developing a Dynamic and Distributed Coastal GIS

The Wisconsin Idean The Wisconsin Idea can be defined as “the

University’s direct contribution to the state; to the government in the form of serving in office, offering advice about public policy, providing information and exercising technical skill, and to citizens in the forms of doing research directed at solving problems that are important to the state and conducting outreach activities.”

n “The boundaries of the University are the boundaries of the state.”

WI Coastal GIS Applications Project

“To teach the application of GIS and related spatial technologies to local government staff and elected officials, to be able to move towards sustainable use of the Great Lakes coastal resources”

n GIS Training for Local Government Professional Staff and Elected Officials

n Coastal GIS Application Development Assistance and Technology Transfer

n Assistance to Sea Grant Advisory Services Specialists (water quality, coastal engineering, fisheries, economic development,...)

A Sea Grant/LICGF Partnershipn UW Sea Grant College Program

– A statewide program of basic and applied research, education and technology transfer dedicated to the wise stewardship and sustainable use of Great lakes and ocean resources.

n UW-Madison, Land Information and Computer Graphics Facility– A laboratory for research, instruction, and

outreach of geographic and land information systems (GIS/LIS)

n A cooperative venture started in 1995.

Coastal Issues

CensusTransactionsRemote SensorsIn Situ Sensors

ShorelandDevelopment

CoastalErosion

FloodplainManagement

WaterQuality

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Comprehensive Coastal Management

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Feedback Loops

A Three-Phase Model for Coastal GIS

Coastal GIS “Teaching Models” Coastal GIS Application Trainingn Since 1995, a total of 23 customized coastal GIS

training courses have been conducted, reaching 252 people.

n Several of these courses were conducted in coastal counties as part of a mobile GIS lab using laptop computers.

n Shoreland management and coastal erosion GIS training courses have been placed on-line as part of the project’s web site, providing GIS training to hundreds of people from around the world.

n One-on-one technical assistance has been provided to officials from several coastal counties.

Testing “Bottom-Up” Coastal GISn Accelerated land records modernization and

a “networked” coastal management program in Wisconsin make it a good case for testing “bottom-up” coastal GIS.

Wisconsin Coastal Management

Program

Wisconsin Land Information

Program

WLIP Overviewn The Wisconsin Land Information Program

(WLIP) is a state-wide program enacted in 1990 to foster local government, multipurpose land information systems.

n Revenue is generated by a $6 increase in the fee for recording the first page of property transaction documents.

n Creation of a land info office and preparation of a land records modernization plan.

n Technical and institutional foundational elements.

WLIP Foundational Elementsn Technical Foundational Elements

– geographic reference framework (geodetic control, base maps, digital orthophotos)

– parcels– wetlands– soils– zoning– new: street networks, admin boundaries, land use

n Institutional Foundational Elements– institutional arrangements– communication, education, and training– public access arrangements

WLIP Revenues

n Through June 2000, over $71 million has been generated by the WLIP.

n An equivalent amount in local funds has been invested in land records modernization ($71 million WLIP + another $71 million local).

n Coastal counties (the 15 counties that border the Great Lakes in Wisconsin) account for 39% of the population of the state, 20% of the area, and 33% of the WLIP revenues generated.

WLIP Revenue by County, 91-00WLIP Revenue 1991-2000

Under $500,000$500,000 to $999,999$1,000,000 to $1,999,999$2,000,000 and Over

Digital Parcel Mapping in Wisconsin

Digital Parcel Mapping in Wisconsin - Percent Complete

17.3% 20.2%

42.1%

57.4%

68.1%72.5%

76.9% 79.8%84.3%

no data0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Framework Survey-Private Parcels Status of Digital Parcel Mapping Mapping Completed in Coastal Counties

Approx. CountParcel Percent of Parcels in

County Count Complete Digital FormatMarinette 50,058 8% 4,005 Oconto 44,000 30% 13,200 Brown 90,000 80% 72,000 Door 36,000 100% 36,000 Kewaunee 16,000 100% 16,000 Manitowoc 56,273 100% 56,273 Sheboygan 60,228 100% 60,228 Ozaukee 33,000 70% 23,100 Milwaukee 265,000 100% 265,000 Racine 76,000 80% 60,800 Kenosha 61,514 100% 61,514 Totals 788,073 85% 668,120

StatusofDigitalParcelMappingAlong theLakeMichiganCoast

Support for the Lake Michigan Potential Damages Study

n Integrate existing large-scale digital spatial data for 1000 meter zone from the Lake Michigan shore in 11 Wisconsin counties.– Parcels– Planimetric Mapping– Topographic Mapping – Digital Orthophotos– Soils– Land Use– Land Cover

Issues in Acquiring Digital Parcels

n Number of contact points for data requests

n Cost of data acquisitionn Time required to receive data after

the request is maden Restrictions placed on the use and

dissemination of digital data

Issues in Integrating Digital Parcelsn the media used for the transfer of filesn the size of the files receivedn the extent to which the parcel data are documentedn the software format of the digital filesn the number of map tiles comprising digital parcel

mapping for the coastal study arean the compilation methods used for digital parcel

mappingn the coordinate system and datumn the data structure of the digital parcel mappingn the ability to create a linkage between digital parcels

and tax roll data to support thematic mapping

Digital ParcelMapping Integrated Along the Lake Michigan Coast of WisconsinPurple: Parcels as polygons

Green: Parcels as lines

Coastal Counties and Municipalities

Parcels as Po lygonsParcels as Lines

Linking Parcels to the Tax Rolln The tax assessment database can be linked

to digital parcel mapping through the use of a common identification number.

n Such a linkage supports thematic mapping of attributes in the tax assessment database, such as ownership and assessed value.

n With an integrated digital parcel map linked to tax assessment data, it is possible to respond to a series of questions regarding ownership of coastal areas and implications for policy-making and regulatory programs.

Shore Miles of Percent ofTotal Coastal Parcels Shore Miles

Shoreline with Linkage with LinkageJurisdiction Miles to Tax Roll to Tax RollMarinette County 28.1 - 0%Oconto County 37.5 37.5 100%Brown County 50.0 23.8 48%Door County 245.1 245.1 100%Kewaunee County 29.2 29.2 100%Manitowoc County 24.8 6.3 26% City of Two Rivers 4.6 - 0% City of Manitowoc 5.4 5.4 100%Sheboygan County 20.8 20.8 100% City of Sheboygan 5.5 5.5 100%Ozaukee County 27.8 11.5 41%Milwaukee County 19.9 - 0% City of Milwaukee 10.6 - 0%Racine County 16.2 16.2 100%Kenosha County 14.5 14.5 100%Totals 540.1 415.8 77%

Linking Parcels to the Tax Roll

Assessed Value of the Coast1000' Jurisdiction 1000' Jurisdiction 1000' Jurisdiction Land

Local Hydro Local Hydro Local Hydro ValueStudy Unit Parcels (land value) Parcels (impr value) Parcels (total value) (percent)Marinette County1 33,230,950 73,506,600 106,737,550$ 31.1%Oconto County 17,715,600$ 20,575,100$ 38,290,700$ 46.3%Brown County parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as linesDoor County 993,054,820$ 908,584,360$ 1,901,639,180$ 52.2%Kewaunee County 32,691,220$ 70,433,430$ 103,124,650$ 31.7%Manitowoc County no local hydro no local hydro no local hydro City of Two Rivers parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as lines City of Manitowoc 16,440,400$ 70,568,600$ 87,009,000$ 18.9%Sheboygan County 62,669,016$ 53,410,850$ 116,079,866$ 54.0% City of Sheboygan parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as linesOzaukee County parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as linesMilwaukee County no tax roll received no tax roll received no tax roll received City of Milwaukee parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as lines

Racine County2 7,535,700$ 17,694,400$ 25,230,100$ 29.9%Kenosha County 75,868,100$ 176,258,500$ 252,126,600$ 30.1%Totals 1,239,205,806$ 1,391,031,840$ 2,630,237,646$ 47.1%

Towards a Dynamic Coastal GISn Coastal ecosystems are dynamic.n Due to budget and time constraints, we

often rely on “stale data”in coastal management.

n Besides keeping current with mapping of the physical form and human use of the coast, we must monitor land transactions to understand how property rights affect coastal resources.

Towards a Distributed Coastal GISn It seems to be technically possible to create

a “distributed”coastal GIS where remote users can access digital spatial data from multiple local governments.

n Such a system could help ensure that: digital spatial data needed to address dynamic coastal issues stay up-to-date and relevant, and (2) that the widest range of potential users of coastal GIS data have access for their specific applications.

Next Steps: Dynamic & Distr. GISn Integrate new spatial data as it becomes

available (e.g. new base mapping, parcel mapping, digital orthos… )

n Develop a system to archive historic data so that it can be utilized for change analysis.

n Explore the capabilities of new GIS software to link to distributed spatial databases.

n Explore mechanisms (data distribution policies, etc.) that would allow local governments and other organizations to provide updated and current spatial data to support a horizontally and vertically integrated Lake Michigan coastal GIS.

gis

Coastal Digital Orthophoto Servern First generation coverage of

digital orthophotos for the Lake Michigan coast of Wisconsin has been completed and second generation and historical othophotos are underway.

n A web site based on the MIT Orthophoto Server (http://ortho.mit.edu) has been developed to provide Web-access to digital orthophotos.

n It is accessible at:(http://www.lic.wisc.edu/mit/)

Issues in Developing aDynamic and Distributed Coastal GIS

n Cost recoveryn Concerns about liabilityn Concerns about privacyn Concerns about securityn Data documentationn Cost of the technologyn Cost and availability of technical expertisen Willingness to engage in activities that don’t

directly relate to the local government mandate http://coastal.lic.wisc.edu

thanks/merci

thanks/merci