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Totalitarianism
Ch. 23
Totalitarianism
Definition: Form of government in which all societal
resources are monopolized by the government. Total control over the population.
Tools of Totalitarian government Propaganda Police terror Censorship Indoctrination
TheState
I I I I I
Fascist Model
State =eternal,lasting
State casts aside all who do not serve its purpose
Individual =temporary, expendable
Individual exists toserve the State (a tool)
PowerHere
Conditions that helped to bring about Totalitarian regimes in
Europe
The Treaty of Versailles
1. Which countries were represented at the Versailles negotiations?
A. Italy, France, United States, England
2. Who was missing?A. Germany and Russia
3. What were the terms of the Treaty?A. Germany takes on all responsibility for the War (War
Guilt Clause)B. Germany must give up landC. Germany must reduce its armyD. Germany must pay billions of dollars to the allies
4. The map of Europe is drastically altered as a result of the War and the Treaty…
Pre World War I Map
Post World War I Map
How did changes in the Map of Europe affect Russia, Italy and Germany?
Russia did not regain land lost to Germany Italy did not gain land even though they
were part of the winning side Germany lost territory and felt vulnerable
Our Big Three
The terms of the Treaty help set conditions that led to the rise of…
Stalin and the Soviet Union
Lenin founded the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution in 1917
Stalin succeeded Lenin Referred to as the Grey Blur Postponed Lenin’s plans for a global
communist revolution in order to secure the Soviet Union
Several Five Year Plans to help the Soviet Union compete with the West
Killed many of his top aides and advisors as well as any people who opposed his rule
Mussolini’s Italy
Founded a fascist regime in the 1920sPursued the idea of Mare Nostrum to
create a new Italian EmpireArmy was ill-equipped for warBound to HitlerUsed Balcony speeches to rally the
masses to his cause
Hitler’s Germany
Arrested after failed Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch.
Wrote Mein Kampf in jail Felt the Weimar officials had
stabbed Germany in the Back Blamed Weimar Republic,
communists, Jews and the French for Germany’s Problems
Helps start National Socialist Party (Nazi ) and makes name for himself with charismatic speaking.
Hitler’s Germany cont.
Hyperinflation of the 1920s helped set conditions for Hitler’s Nazis to take control.
1932- Nazis finish strongly in elections President Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor Hindenburg dies and Hitler takes over Birth of the Third Reich
Hitler’s Three Main Goals
1) Destroy his opponents in Germany. 2) Make Germany the strongest country in Europe by expanding its borders.3) “Purify" Germany—and then Europe—of "racial enemies" and establish Aryans as the "master race."
Steps toward “purifying” Germany
November 9-10, 1938-Kristellnacht “Night of broken glass” Jewish businesses throughout Germany and Austria destroyed. Thousands of Jews beaten, rounded up and sent to concentration camps.
More and more restrictions placed on Jews: curfews, business restrictions , banned from parks, schools,
etc.• 1939-Yellow Star of David badge first required to be warn
by Jewish males and females age six and older.• Many sent to concentration camps (other “non-desirables” also targeted-- Gypsies, Catholics, Communists,
physically and mentally disabled, homosexuals, etc.)
Some of the badges various groups were required to wear in Nazi concentration
camps.
Hitler’s Germany
Blitzkreig Military strategy
developed by Adolf Hitler where simultaneous attacks occur by land and air
Luftwaffe German air force
Non Aggression Pact Russia and Germany
sign in 1939 agreeing to not attack
Hitler breaks pact in 1941
Schutzstaffel Hitler’s personal police
force Known as the SS
One of the most famous of these Extermination Camps was Auschwitz, in Poland. The front wall of
the camp still stands today.
