Annex 5 Japan Hot Issues

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Japan Hot Issues

Eichi SHIBATA, India Reunion 2014Asian Health Institute

TOTAL AREA: 377,914㎢(60TH )

Capital:

Tokyo

Nagoya

・Surrounded by sea and has 6,852(about 7000)

islands like Philippines.

・Area = about 380,000(3 hundred 80 thousand )=

1/9 (one-nine) of India

・Most of the land (73%) is forest. So we have many

rivers and mountains.

・Earthquake occurs frequently because Japan is

located on 3 plates. Hot spring and Volcanic areas.

・Nagoya is the 4th largest city. With around

2millions people.

SPRING SUMMER

AUTUMNWINTER

AHI in Spring

Annex 5 Japan Hot Issues

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1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

POPULATION: 127,298,000 (AS OF OCT. 1,2013)

(MALE 61,909,000, FEMALE: 65,389,000)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

2013

Total Population

Ratio of change from the preceding yearH

un

dre

d

Millio

n

Ratio

of c

han

ge fr

om

the p

recedin

g year

Statistics Bureau, MIAC. 3. Sou jinkou no suii (3. Change of total population). [online]

http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nihon/g0302.htm

POPULATION: 127,298,000 (OCT. 1, 2013)

• Total fertility rate (’13): 1.42

Aging Society & Fewer children

Statistics Bureau, MIAC. Current Population Estimates as of October , 2012. [online]

http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/2013np/index.htm

Population ratio by

age groups.

65 over 25.1%

15-64 62.1%,

0-14 12.9%

Ethnic group • Japanese:98%

(native aynu,

okinawan)

• Chinese:0.5%

• Korean:0.4%

• Others:0.6%

They support Japanese economy

Religion

• Buddist & Sinto(Animism) : 85-90%

• Christian : fewer than 1 %

• Others: Muslim, New religions etc

POLITICS & GOVERNMENT

Constitution revised in 1947 after WWII

* The World’s Longest Unrevised Constitution

<3 principles>

-Popular sovereignty-Respect for basic human needs-Pacifism: Article 9<Current topics>Amendment of Constitution norModification of the MEANINGS.

Parliamentary Democracy & Constitutional Monarchy

Emperor: the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people

GOVERNMENT

Prime Minister: Shinzo ABE

(since Dec. 2012)

>10th PMs from 2000

>Second assignment(resume)

Since 1955~

Liberal Democratic Party (Conservative)

2009 Democratic Party (Socialist)

2012

Liberal Democratic Party

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FOREIGN RELATIONS & MILITARY

Close relationship with USA;

The US-Japan security alliance in 1960

5th largest military budget (0.5billion$)

-Defense spending as a percentage of GDP : 0.94% (2008)

-Allocation of National Budget: 5.2%(2010)

*Self-Defense Force (Ground,Maritime, Air)

233,000 in total

Economy

• GDP(’12): USD 5.96 trillion

= 3nd in the world

World Bank

GDP (’13) USD 4.90 trillion April 2014 IMF

Industry Structure

Sector GDP(2012 est.)

Labor force(2010 est.)

Primary(Agriculture, Fishery etc.)

1.1% 3.9%

Secondary(Manufacturing,

construction

etc.)

26.3% 26.2 %

Tertiary(Service, retail

etc.)

72.5% 69.8 %

-Urbanization

-Decline of Agriculture

CIA. The World Factbook [online] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html

Food Waste / Food Loss

5-8 million tons of eatable foods are wasted

out of 29.5 million food waste(2010 est. by MAFF)

Rice production of Japan: 8.5 million tons

Cambodia: 8.2 million tons

Sri Lanka: 4.3 million tons(FAO, 2010, http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3107e/i3107e.PDF)

HEALTH STATISTICS - under-5 mortality rate (per 1000) : 3- maternal mortality rate (per 100,000): 5- life expectancy: 80(Males) 86(Females)- No. of Physicians: 274,992 (21.1 per 10,000)- HIV+: 13,913 (246 new) - AIDS: 6,371 (105 new) (IASR, 2012)

WHO. 2012. World Health Statistics 2012 .

(Tumors and cancers)

(Brain related)

(Lung)

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<3 major diseases>

-Cancer

-Heart disease/stroke

-Malignant neoplasism

Current Issues in Japan

・ Crisis on Social Security

• welfare system, health insurance, burden on tax payers,

・ Beyond the Economic Development

• Happiness, Unemployment, Suicide, Equality, Marriage etc.

・ The Great Earthquake

• Reconstruction

• Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants

・ Amendment of Constitution

• Including Article 9

・ Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

• Will Japan join in TPP?• Impacts on Japanese Economy

� CRISIS ON SOCIAL SECURITYHealth Insurance:

Universal Health Care System 1961~

Government covers the cost of medical care of:

- 80% for age 0-5

- 70% for age 6-69

- 90% for age 70-75 ( new 90% for over age 75)

= bigger and bigger -> rise of Medical Expense

Big burden of Tax payers, which is

becoming smaller and smaller.

Low budget for health service

the ratio of Expense/person for

Health to GDP in 2008 :9.11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

15～19 20～24 25～29 30～34 35～39 40～44 45～49 50～54 55～59 60+

Unknown

Divorce

Bereavement

Married

Single

Census 2010: http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/kokusei/2010/summary.htm

“Nuclear family” to “Single”?

Labour Force (%) by age group and marital status

Unmarried 2011

Married 2011

Unmarried 2001

Married 2001

↓Age

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2011

Unstable employment

• Umemployment rate

• Household data 2010

SingleHusband &Wife

With children

Single with children

Others

31.2 19.6 28.7 8.8 11.7 %

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Total Male Female

Suicide

・2012: 27,858 people committed suicide(19,273 male / 8,585 female)

Cabinet Office 2013: http://www8.cao.go.jp/jisatsutaisaku/whitepaper/w-2013/pdf/gaiyou/pdf/p02_13.pdf

・2013：27,283 people. (18,787 male, 8,498 female)

Suicide:

7th in the world, 1st in the developed countries(2008)

Why males? : disease, bullying, no job,

bankruptcy, overwork,,, = relate to Recess?

Beyond the Economic Development

•GDP: 3rd in the World

BUT!

•Human Development Index:10th in the World

• Inequality (few seats for women in parliament, low labor force participation etc.)

•Environmental sustainability (high dependency on fossil fuels)

•Low satisfaction in the life

OECD. 2012. Human Development Report 2012.

Happiness for Japanese

•happy plane index --- 90th in the world(178) (2006)

•World value survey---24th in the world(57) (2005)

•NEF --- 95th in the world(178)

•[Satisfaction with the life] 40%---Japan the average of OECD23countries --- 59%

2011.3.11

Japan Meteorological Agency. 2011. http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/2011_03_11_tohoku/tsunami_jp.pdfPolice Department. 2012. http://www.npa.go.jp/archive/keibi/biki/higaijokyo.pdfCabinet Office. 2011. http://www.bousai.go.jp/oshirase/h23/110624-1kisya.pdf

•Earthquake：2011.3.11 14:46

•Magnitude：9.0

•Scale：7

•Tsunami：over 9.3m

•Total Toll：15,858

•Missing：3,012

•Completely Destroyed Buildings：129,855

•Damaged Buildings：257,739

•Total Damage(est.)：¥16.9 trillion

2011.3.11 (CONT.)

<Other damages>•Fishing boat:22,000-

•Fishing Port:300-•Agricultural land: 23,600ha

•Etc. But,*The sorrows are un-countable!

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The moment of Tsunami

before after

There are many voluntees from all of Japan

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JOINT RESCUE OPERATIONS OF JAPAN SELF DEFENSE FORCES AND U.S. FORCES JAPAN

Rescue Teams from all over the world

1. Russia Rescue T. 155 Ishinomaki-shi (Miyagi) March 16～18

2. United States Rescue T. 144 Ofunado-shi (Iwate) March 15～19

3. France Rescue T. 134 Natori-shi (Miyagi) March 16～23

4. Korea Rescue T. 107 Sendai-shi (Miyagi) March 14～23

5. Australia Rescue T. 75 Minamisanriku-cho （Miyagi) March 16～19

6. England Rescue T. 69 Ohunado-shi (Iwate) March 15～17

7. Israel Medical T. 53 Minamisanriku-cho (Miyagi) March 29～April 10

8. New Zealand Rescue T. 52 Minamisanriku-cho (Miyagi) March 16～18

9. India Rescue T. 46 Onagawa-cho (Miyagi) March 26～April 6

10. South Africa Rescue T. 45 Iwanuma-shi (Miyagi) March 19～25

11. Germany Rescue T. 41 Minamisanriku-cho (Miyagi) March 14～15

12. Turkey Rescue T. 32 Tagajyo-shi (Miyagi) March 20～April 8

13. Taiwan Rescue T. 28 Natori-shi (Miyagi) March 16～18

14. Switzerland Rescue T. 27 Minamisanriku-cho (Miyagi) March 14～16

15. Indonesia Rescue T. 16 Kesennuma-shi (Miyagi) March 19～23

16. China Rescue T. 15 Ohunado-shi (Iwate) March 14～24

17. Mexico Rescue T. 12 Natori-shi (Miyagi) March 15～17

18. Mongol Rescue T. 12 Natori-shi (Miyagi) March 17～19

19. Singapore Rescue T. 5 Soma-shi (Fukushima) March 13～15

20. Jordan Medical T. 4 Hukushima-Pref. April 25～May 5

U.S. Forces Japan

U.S. The Navy’s 7th Fleet All members Offing of Sanriku

Impact on Economy

Cabinet Office. 2012. Annual Report on the Japanese Economy and Public Finance 2012 . [online]

http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai3/2012/0727wp-keizai/summary.html

Problems

Cabinet Office. 2012. Annual Report on the Japanese Economy and Public Finance 2012 . [online]

http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai3/2012/0727wp-keizai/summary.html

1998 2012

Challenges

� Housings

�There are 109,014 people still living in a temporary house (May 2013)

� Population

�Will the people evacuated go back to homeland?

� Reconstruction of Communities

� Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants�Still in the dangerous condition

�Radioactive Pollution: land and sea

Reconstruction Agency, 2013

http://www.reconstruction.go.jp/topics/main-cat7/sub-cat7-1/20130704_sanko01.pdf

Networking and Advocacy

through Nagoya NGO Center

• We are working to further develop and improve activities by NGOs in order to create a peaceful and an equal society made up of "global citizens", based mainly in the Chubu region of Japan (Aichi, Gifu, Mie).

• We work in cooperation with 50 associated NGOs, 2 supporting member organizations and 110 individual supporting members (as of July 2012).

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DIFFERENT ROLES OF NANGOC

�Networking (52 NGOs as of 2013)

�Consulting (NGO consultant commissioned by MOFA, 700 cases last year)

�Collecting and Disseminating Information (Newsletter, Mail magazine)

�Research (e.g. TPP, East Japan Great Earthquake)

�Advocacy (Conference of NGO-JICA – Nation wide/Chubu region, Conference of NGO-MOFA)

�Development Education(DE seminar, Training and seminar for ESD facilitators )

�Capacity Building (NGO community college)

Advocacy to Government

• Conference of NGO and MOFA

・Main conference・Committee for scheme development to support NGOs ・Committee for improving ODA policy and approach

• conference of NGO and JICA in National Level

・Main conference (TAKA: a coordinator of NGO side)• main issues in 2013

• Collaboration among NGO-JICA-Business sector (CSR, BOP business)

• Disaster Reduction and prevention

• Grass root Support Projects for Japanese NGOs

• RBA guide book for JICA

• Collaboration between NGOs and JOCVs

• Conference of NGO and JICA in Chubu Region • Rule book for collaboration between JICA and NGO

• Improvement of Grass root Support Program for Japanese NGOs

ODA CHARTER REVISION

•Issue•ODA might be used for liaison with militarization

•ODA will be used for sustainable Japanese economic development

ODA CHARTER REVISION

• 10 Suggestions to Abe administration • ODA for people in developing countries• ODA for equitable, just society • Sustainable economic growth vs sustainable

development• No liaison with militarization• Human rights and human security• Contribute to minimize gap between rich and poor• Balance development and environement for

sustainable world• Collaboration with NGOs to implement ODA – citizens

participation and development education• Promote development effectiveness • Increase ODA up to 0.7% of GNP (set up Ministry of

International Development Cooperation

OFFICIAL SECRET ACT

• Government can decide what they want to make secret.• No transparency, accountability

• Future threat to civil society – violation of right to information

• - limit civil movement / activities

• Limit NGO activities as watch dog

• NGO together with other CSOs• Set limit to the act

• More enabling environment

• Through regional Net work NGOs

IN WHAT EXTENT WE CAN ACHIEVE?

• Fulfill their human rights obligations• Just started, RBA guide book of JICA, Istanbul principles - not yet internalized among NGOs,

JICA

• Recognize CSOs role as independent development actors• Continue dialogue with New director of JICA-Chubu

• Foster democratic political and policy dialogue to improve development effectiveness

• Continue it through different conferences together with other Networking NGOs

• Be accountable for transparent and consistent policies for development –

• yes, we continue to struggle for it through the conferences

• Create enabling financing for CSO development effectiveness – some but not sufficient