Introduction to this meeting K. Shibata Kwasan Observatory
Kyoto Unversity CAWSES space weather meeting, 11-12 Sep 2004,
Beijing
Slide 2
contents What is CAWSES ? (based on Dr. Basuppt in Sapporo 2003
and in Paris 2004) Space weather research: from solar physics point
of view (based on Shibatas ppt in Sapporo 2003)
Slide 3
CAWSES: Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System Sunanda
Basu Chair, CAWSES Science Steering Committee Presented by M.
Geller CAWSES Bureau and General Meeting Sapporo, 12 and 13 July
2003
Slide 4
CAWSES Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System The New
SCOSTEP Program for 2004-2008 Composite picture created at
NOAA-NGDC by Dr. Peter Sloss from SKYLAB solar X-ray telescope
picture by Naval Research Laboratory and bathymetry and topography
databases archived at NGDC.
Slide 5
Strategy Collect data records to document with increasing
fidelity various aspects of the Sun-Earth system. Use physically
based models for assimilating observed data and deriving enhanced
outputs for segments of the solar-terrestrial system. Mobilize
SCOSTEP researchers to work together to understand variability
throughout the entire solar-terrestrial system.
Slide 6
CAWSES Meetings - Past & Future First CAWSES SSG Meeting
held at Maastricht, The Netherlands on August 24-25, 2002 Four
themes approved by SCOSTEP Bureau at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept
28-30, 2002 Theme leaders presented their plans at a Town Hall
Meeting on April 8, 2003 during the EGS/AGU Joint Assembly in Nice,
France A special CAWSES Meeting was held on July 5, 2003 in
conjunction with the IUGG Meeting at Sapporo, Japan Membership of
the thematic groups was considered at the Sapporo Meeting Election
of new SCOSTEP Executives and presentation of CAWSES Reports at
Sapporo on July 12 and 13.
Slide 7
Four Themes under CAWSES Climatology of the Sun-Earth System
Solar Influence on Climate Space Weather: Science and Applications
Atmospheric Coupling Processes
Slide 8
Proposed campaign framework that views the whole earth as an
instrument for making key space weather observations. CAWSES could:
Recruit and coordinate needed observing sitesRecruit and coordinate
needed observing sites Identify and collaborate with major programs
worldwide (Spaceship Earth, Intermagnet, GEDAS, CNOFS,
etc.)Identify and collaborate with major programs worldwide
(Spaceship Earth, Intermagnet, GEDAS, CNOFS, etc.) Set up website
and needed technology in collaboration with other programs like
ILWS, eGY, etc.Set up website and needed technology in
collaboration with other programs like ILWS, eGY, etc. Organize
world-wide analysis campaigns on particular themes or for selected
events(from NICE Mtg.)Organize world-wide analysis campaigns on
particular themes or for selected events(from NICE Mtg.) 2. Space
Weather: Science and Applications 2. Space Weather: Science and
Applications Co-Chair- Janet Kozyra, U. of Michigan, USA Co-Chair -
K. Shibata, Kyoto University, Japan
Slide 9
2. Space Weather: Science and Applications Impacts on space
technology and operations Effects on humans in space
Telecommunications interruptions Vulnerability of Earth-surface
systems Navigation upsets Effects on high-altitude aircraft
passengers and crew Model development through quantitative
understanding of multi-scale coupling in the Sun- Earth system
(from NICE Mtg.)
Slide 10
Predictive Models of the Space EnvironmentPredictive Models of
the Space Environment Post event analysis to test predictive
modelsPost event analysis to test predictive models Analysis of
physical processes that occurred & reasons predictions
succeeded or failedAnalysis of physical processes that occurred
& reasons predictions succeeded or failed Test research models
against operational predictionsTest research models against
operational predictions Document Actual Effects on Life &
Society for EventsDocument Actual Effects on Life & Society for
Events Power grid loadingPower grid loading Satellite
anomaliesSatellite anomalies Communications problemsCommunications
problems Sun-to-Earth Analysis Campaigns for Selected
EventsSun-to-Earth Analysis Campaigns for Selected Events
Coordinate CAWSES worldwide maps with other satellite and ground-
based data to create global view of eventsCoordinate CAWSES
worldwide maps with other satellite and ground- based data to
create global view of events Coordinate efforts of worldwide
research community to analyze and interpret comprehensive data
setsCoordinate efforts of worldwide research community to analyze
and interpret comprehensive data sets Apply new knowledge of
complex system to understanding & predicting space weather
effects on society (from NICE Mtg)Apply new knowledge of complex
system to understanding & predicting space weather effects on
society (from NICE Mtg) 2. Space Weather: Science and Applications
Potential Worldwide Campaigns
Slide 11
2. Space Weather: Science & Applications Working Group
Panel: Janet Kozyra (USA), Kazunari Shibata (Japan) Possible
Members: Walter Gonzalez (Brazil), Rainer Schwenn (Germany), A.A.
Petrukovich (Russia), Wei Feng Xi (China), R. Sridharan (India),
Alain Hilgers (Netherlands) 2.1 Solar Processes Producing Space
Weather 2.2 Sun-Earth System Elements and Linkages that determine
the severity of space weather disturbances
Slide 12
Space Weather: Science & Applications (cont.) 2.3 Space
Weather Data Product Implementation 2.3(a) One-Earth data set
analysis and integration Solar H- (an initial effort) - TBD
Magnetometers (an initial effort) - Ian Mann (Canada), Brian Fraser
(Australia), Valodya Papitashvili (USA), Kazuo Shiokawa (210 chain
Japan), INTERMAGNET, Russia?, Denmark?, Mark Moldwin (USA) GPS
ionospheric data - Tony Mannucci (USA), TBD Neutral winds, sprites
and jets, and gravity waves (collaboration with Theme-3) 2.3(b)
"One-Earth" Information Technology (e.g. Virtual Observatory,
GEDAS, SPIDR,...)
Slide 13
Perspectives on CAWSES CAWSES is an ambitious program that
builds on and leverages the broad SCOSTEP programs STEP and S-RAMP
and more specialized Post- STEP programs. CAWSES is particularly
timely. Successful implementation of CAWSES will provide an
integrated scientific framework for solar-terrestrial research in
the future, and provide an informed basis for guiding later
programs under different solar conditions and changing
anthropogenic influences and as made necessary by new human
institutions and technological advances.
Slide 14
CAWSES: Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System CAWSES:
Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System Sunanda Basu Chair,
Science Steering Committee, CAWSES CAWSES/SCOSTEP Meeting Paris,
France July 16-17, 2004
Slide 15
SCOSTEP President: M. A. Geller Vice-president: S. T. Wu
Scientific Secretary: J. H. Allen S. K. Avery (URSI) W. Baumjohann
(IAGA) R. Fujii (COSPAR) B. Schmieder (IAU) F. W. Sluijter (IUPAP)
T. Tsuda (IAMAS) M. Candidi (SCAR) SCOSTEPs mission: to implement
research programs in solar-terrestrial physics that benefit from
international participation and that involve at least two ICSU
bodies. SCOSTEP Bureau
Slide 16
CAWSES Scientific Steering Group Chair: Sunanda Basu, BU, USA
Jean-Louis Bougeret, CNRS, France Joanna Haigh, Imperial College,
UK Yohsuke Kamide, STEL, Japan Arthur Richmond, NCAR, USA C.-H.
Liu, NCU, Taiwan Lev Zelenyi, IKI, Russia P. Duggirala, Scientific
Coordinator L. Vercauteren, Program Admin.
Slide 17
Theme 1: Solar Influence on Climate Co-Chairs: Michael Lockwood
(UK) and Lesley Gray (UK) WG 1.1: Assessment of Evidence for Solar
Influence on Climate Juerg Beer (Switzerland), William Russow
(USA), Ilya Usoskin (Russia), Judith Lean (USA), Gerard Thuillier
(France), Gerry North (USA), Peter Stott (UK), Warren White (USA),
Lon Hood (USA), Karin Labitzke (Germany), Augusto Mangini (Germany)
WG 1.2: Investigation of Mechanisms for Solar Influence on Climate
Ulrich Cubasch (Germany), Gerry Meehl (USA), Kuni Kodera (Japan),
R. Garcia (USA), David Rind (USA), Mark Baldwin (USA), Charles
Jackman (USA), Jon Kristjansson (Norway) and Giles Harrison (UK)
Theme 2: Space Weather Science & Applications Co-Chairs: Janet
Kozyra (USA) and Kazunari Shibata (Japan) Santimay Basu (USA),
Walter Gonzalez (Brazil), Nat Gopalswamy (USA), A. T. Kobea (Ivory
Coast), Anatoly Petrukovich (Russia), Rainer Schwenn (Germany), Wei
Feng Si (China) and R. Sridharan (India)
Slide 18
Theme 3: Atmospheric Coupling Processes Co-Chairs: Franz-Josef
Luebken (Germany) and Joan Alexander (USA) WG 3.1: Dynamical
Coupling and its Role in the Energy and Momentum Budget of the
Middle Atmosphere Martin Mlynczak (USA), William Ward (Canada),
David Fritts (USA), Nikolai Gavrilov (Russia), S. Gurubaran
(India), Maura Hagan (USA), J. Y. Liu (Taiwan), Alan Manson
(Canada), Dora Pancheva (UK), Kauro Sato (Japan), Kazuo Shiokawa
(Japan), Hisao Takahashi (Brazil), Robert Vincent (Australia) and
Yi Fan (China) WG 3.2: Coupling via Photochemical Effects on
Particles and Minor Constituents in the Upper Atmosphere Charles
Jackman (USA), Ulf Hoppe (Norway), Manuel Lopez-Puertas (Spain),
Daniel Marsh (USA), James Russell (USA), David Siskind (USA) WG
3.3: Coupling by Electrodynamics including Ionospheric
Magnetospheric Processes Steve Cummer (USA), Peter L. Dyson
(Australia), Inez S. Batista (Brazil), Archana Bhattacharya
(India), Jorge Chau (Peru), Martin Fullekrug (Germany), Gang Lu
(USA), Roland Tsunoda (USA), and M. Yamamoto (Japan) WG 3.4:
Long-Term Trends in Coupling Processes (inter-connected with
4.4)
Slide 19
Theme 4: Space Climatology Co-Chairs: Claus Froehlich
(Switzerland) and Jan Sojka (USA) WG 4.1: Solar Irradiance
Variability Judit Pap (USA) and Gerard Thuillier (France) WG 4.2:
Heliosphere Near Earth Leif Svalgaard (USA) WG 4.3: Radiation Belt
Climatology Takahiro Obara (Japan) WG 4.4: Long-Term trends in
Ionospheric and Upper-Atmospheric Variability (inter-connected with
3.4) M. Jarvis (UK) and John Emmert (USA)
Slide 20
Space weather research: from solar physics point of view K.
Shibata Kwasan Observatory Kyoto University 2003 July 5 at Sapporo,
IUGG
Slide 21
Contents Solar physics and space weather Science issue Future
strategy Meeting International collaboration Ground-based
observations Space observations Numerical simulations
Slide 22
Solar physics and space weather Traditionally, solar physicists
have not been interested in space weather. And, still now. This is
very bad. One of the important purposes of our activity is to
encourage closer communication between solar physicists and
geophysicists.
Slide 23
Why solar physicists are not interested in space weather ?
Slide 24
The distance between the Sun and the Earth became much shorter
in these 10 years Common physical proccesses began to be discussed
by two communities Magnetic reconnection Particle acceleration .
Observations of CME significantly developed so that we can now
discuss the Sun, solar wind, magnetosphere, and atmospheric
phenomena with almost continuos data.
Slide 25
solar corona observed by Yohkoh Soft X-ray ~1 keV)
2MK-10MK
Slide 26
Magnetic reconnection in solar flares
Slide 27
Magnetic reconnection in the Earths tail
Slide 28
outer corona, solar wind, and CME observed with SOHO/LASCO
Slide 29
Solar wind observations (Kojima et al.) From Jacksons
homepage
Slide 30
One good exmaple A giant arcade on April 14, K. Shibata
reported this arcade event in Yokoh gbo email, suggesting gigantic
mass ejections A. McAllister read the gbo email and realized the
possibility of a big magnetospheric substorm, and informed it to
the electric power company of Chicato The company prepared by
removing big transformer (~ 5 - 10 M$) Two days later, actually a
big substorm occurred, but the transformer was safe ! The company
thanked US government, US government thanked NASA, NASA thanked
Yohkoh team, Yohkoh team thanked me.
Slide 31
Important subjects in solar physics Triggering and energy
storage mechanisms of solar flares and coronal mass ejectons
Coronal heating mechanism Solar wind acceleration mechanism Origin
of magnetic field (dynamo) Origin of solar luminosity variation all
are important subjects for space weather research
Slide 32
Future meetings ICSC (Gopalswamy) A session in 1 st asia
oceania geophysics meeting at Singapore in 2004 (Shibata) Cospar
IAU many
Slide 33
proposal from the international Solar Cycle Studies (ISCS)
community by Gopalswamy CAWSES Project: Theme 2: Space Weather:
Science and Applications Project title: Sources of Geomagnetic
Activity Main topics for investigation: 1. Solar sources: Coronal
Mass Ejections, Coronal Holes, Large-scale Magnetic structures and
boundaries, Polar magnetic fields 2. Structure of the Heliosphere
and interplanetary transport of solar eruptions 3. Solar energetic
ions and electrons 4. Geospace Response to solar events
Slide 34
Sources of Geomagnetic Activity (continued) Project team (to be
completed): ------------------------------- N. Gopalswamy (USA,
Chair) B. V. Jackson (USA) V. Obridko (Russia) A. Prigancova
(Slovakia) B. Schmieder (France) K. Shibasaki (Japan) D. Webb (USA,
IAU Rep.) S. T. Wu (USA).... Proposed schedule: -----------------
Small meeting in 2004 Large meeting in 2005 (during the SCOSTEP
Symposium)
Slide 35
Proposal for Scientific Sessions of the First ASIA-OCEANIA
GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY Annual Meeting, July 5-9, 2004, title: Solar
Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections Organizer K. Shibata S. T. Wu B.
C. Low C. Fang
Slide 36
International collaboration project on ground-based
observations #1 To put small H-alpha telescopes (H-alpha center, +-
0.8A) at Japan, China, India, Europe, USA to enable continuous
full- Sun observations of mass motion associated with flares and
CMEs. 0.3 - 2 M$
Slide 37
Flare Monitoring Telescope (Hida Obs., Kyoto Univ.) Images of
flares and prominence eruptions are now open through
http://www.kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/Hida/FMT/ Full Sun H H0.8 ,
continuum image On video (2sec cadence) and CD-ROM(1min) with 4.2
arcsec pixel H + 0.8 A HObservations 64mm aperture
Slide 38
Moreton waves flare associated waves observed in H (Moreton
1960) chromospheric manifestation of fast mode MHD shocks in the
corona (Uchida 1968) Hcenter H+0.8A,-0.8A
Slide 39
International collaboration project on ground-based
observations #2 To put vector magnetograph telescopes at Japan,
China, India, Europe, USA to enable continuous full-Sun
observations of photospherc vector magnetic field. => now
constructing 20cm-25cm full Sun vector magnetograph telescope at
Hida observatory of Kyoto Unversity. < 4M$
Slide 40
New ground-based telescope: SMART (Hida Observatory of Kyoto
University, 2003 - ) observing full Sun Halpha and vector magnetic
fields every 1 minutes H alpha image Vector magnetic field SMART
(solar magnetic activity research telescope) consisting of 4 (two
25 cm and two 20 cm) telescopes
Slide 41
Solar-B Mission Japan-US-UK collaboration 2006- Solar Optical
Telescope (SOT) X-Ray Telescope (XRT) EUV Imaging Spectrometer
(EIS) Science objectives coronal heating coronal dynamics and
structure elementary processes such as reconnection emerging flux
and dynamo
Slide 42
Other space missions
Slide 43
Numerical simulation projects International collaboration on
development of useful MHD/hybrid/particle code and visualization
software now we are developing CANS (Coordinated Astronomical
Numerical Simulation code; by Matsumoto, Yokoyama, et al. )
International school for (space weather) simulation now domestic
astro-MHD simulation summer school (2002 September every year) 7 th
International Space Simulation School ISSS7 at Kyoto, 2005 Mar.
26-31
Slide 44
Futue space weather meetings In Japan 2004 Nov. 24-26 space
weather meeting at Hamamatsu (with Kozyra) 2005 Apr. 4-6 CAWSES
meeting at Tokyo (with Akasofu and many foreigners) In Europe 2005
July 18-25 IAGA/IUGG at France
Slide 45
Electronic Proceedings We will make electronic proceeding
including ppt files If you agree, please send your ppt file to me.
Thank you.