914130

3SUPERVISOR’S USE ONLY

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© New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2018. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY

TOTAL

Level 3 Earth and Space Science, 201891413 Demonstrate understanding of processes

in the ocean system

2.00 p.m. Thursday 22 November 2018 Credits: Four

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with ExcellenceDemonstrate understanding of processes in the ocean system.

Demonstrate in-depth understanding of processes in the ocean system.

Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of processes in the ocean system.

Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page.

You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.

If you need more room for any answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet and clearly number the question.

Check that this booklet has pages 2 –12 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

Achievement

09

2

QUESTION ONE: SURFACE SALINIW VARIATION BY LATITUDE

The diagram below shows the average annual surface salinity and temperature of the ocean, andhow it changes with latitude.

Explain why ocean surface salinity varies with latitude.

In your answer, you should consider:. factors affecting ocean surface salinity. why the surface salinity and temperature curves do not match.

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Source: http://slideplayer.com/slide/8417453126/images/3/Surface+Salinity+Variation+by+Latitudejpg

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QUESTION TWO: UPWELLING AND DOWNWELLING

Upwelling and downwelling are important processes that transport matter and energy aroundoceans. The map below shows some of the common regions of upwelling and downwelling.

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Explain how these processes transport energy and carbon dioxide, and help regulate the Eafih'sclimate.

In your answer, you should. explain how upwelling occurso explain how downwelling occurs.

You include a.fully annotated diagram to help answer this question.

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Regions of upwelling and downwelling

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QUESTION THREE: THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION

The Southern Oscillation is an irregular pattern of variations in the sea surface temperature over thetropical Pacific Ocean, which includes the 'normal'condition and the two extremes, El Nifio and LaNifla.

Explain the formation of El Niffo and La Nifia, and the effects each has on the Pacific Ocean.

In your answer, you should consider:. the Pacific Ocean thermocline. climate/weather patterns of the western and eastern Pacific Ocean

. the fishing industry in Peru.

You may annotate the map below and/or dran your own diagrams to support your answer

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Annotated Exemplar Template

Subject Earth and Space Science Standard 91413 Total score

09

Q Grade score Annotation

1 A3

The response establishes a link between solar radiation and evaporation at the equator, resulting in higher salinity. It is recognised that this is counterbalanced by high rainfall that is common in this region.

Further comments though reflect a misunderstanding of climate’s role in salinity at the sub-tropics and the polar regions.

2 A3

The response links the role downwelling and upwelling have in cycling carbon.

The actual process involved in downwelling and upwelling in coastal regions is only partially described.

3 A3

Initially the diagrams show some confusion between the THC and question’s context.

The annotated diagrams though do show that the respondent has an idea of the concept of the Southern Oscillation and the El Nino/La Nina phenomenon. The written explanation links the changes in trade wind strength and ocean temperatures to the effect on the fishing industry.