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Tossed Treasures
America’s Wasted Food Problem, and How Dietetic Professionals Can Help Chris Vogliano MS, RD
@eatrightPRO @chrisvogliano
Session objectives
1. Define food waste.
2. Describe at least two implications of wasted food.
3. Identify at least two ways that Academy members
can lead efforts with consumers and communities to reduce wasted food.
Photo credit: http://consciouslifenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/food-waste.jpg
Chris Vogliano MS, RDN
TWITTER @chrisvogliano @EatRightPRO @USDApress @UglyFruitandVeg HASHTAGS #wastedfood #sustainability #__________
Disclosures
• Arivale - Clinical Research Associate
• The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation* -
Agriculture Nutrition & Health Research Fellow
• The Vegetarian Nutrition DPG - Executive Committee
• Hunger and Environmental DPG - Resource Coordinator
• Greater Seattle Dietetic Association - Legislative Chair
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation
Future of Food Initiative
Future of Food
• Hunger Actions and Resources added to www.kidseatright.org/volunteer
• Toolkits www.kidseatright.org/volunteer • Hunger in Our Community. What We Can Do. • Smart Choices. For a Healthy Planet. (English & Spanish!)
• Tossed Treasures. How We All Can Help. (English & Spanish!)
• Feeding America’s Healthy Food Bank Hub
www.healthyfoodbankhub.org
• Food Insecurity and Food Banking Supervised Practice Concentration www.healthyfoodbankhub.org
Future of Food Resources for Members
New!
• Webinars www.eatrightfoundation.org
• Infographics www.eatrightfoundation.org
• “Changing the Way We Look at Agriculture” 2015 Affiliate Presentations
• 2014 FNCE Symposium: “The RDNs Guide to Plentiful, Nutrient Dense Food for the World”
• 2015 FNCE Symposium “A Balanced Approach to Understanding the Science of Antibiotics in Animal Agriculture”
Future of Food Education for Members
• Indianapolis RD Parent Empowerment Program with supplemental food research project
• Foundation Agriculture, Nutrition, and Health Research Fellow: Chris Vogliano, MS, RD, LD
Future of Food Research Projects
• Consensus Conference & proceedings paper
• Healthy Food for a Healthy Planet webpage working group
• FNCE Symposium proceedings paper
• Food Waste in the US manuscript & white paper
• Food waste dietetic internship research project
$545,000 in student scholarships to 381
students
$12,500 in student stipends to help students
attend FNCE
$40,000 through Home Food Safety Challenge
grants to dietetics students
www.eatrightfoundation.org
Last year our donors’ generosity helped us award:
WASTED FOOD?
WHAT IS
Photo credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Treasure_trove_of_wasted_food.JPG
Food waste: Defined1,2,3
• Food waste is defined as food that is lost, discarded, or uneaten
• Food Waste VS.
Food Loss • Food waste =
Mostly in developed countries
• Food loss = Mostly in developing countries
BRC Infographic
Where does wasted food occur?3
Production, Harvest and Transportation • Pests, insects, birds, diseases, weather
Processing and Packaging • Blemishes, appearance, size, trimming
Retailers and Food Service • Consumer expectation, past best buy, overstocking
Consumers • Confusion over best buy dates, overbuying, uneaten leftovers
Photo credit:
http://easterncce.blogspot.com/2011_11_01_archive.html
Photo credit; http://www.menorifiuti.org/tag/tmc/ Photo credit: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-
lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-
answers/food-safety/faq-20058500
NRDC - Wasted: How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Fork to Landfill
Where the greatest loss occurs3
• Globally, 1/3 of the food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted • ~1.3 billion tons per year
• America wastes an estimated ~40% of all food
• Number has doubled since 1970’s
How much are we wasting?2,3
Photo credit: http://consciouslifenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/food-waste.jpg
1 in 6 Americans are food insecure4
Photo credit: USDA September 2015
Photo credit: http://images.bwbx.io/cms/2013-01-10/food-waste-630x420.jpg
Our “Tossed Treasures” add up!5,6,7
Impact on environment8,9,10,11
• Wasted natural resources
• Greenhouse gas
• Wasted water
Wasted food enters our landfills, creating methane
Photo credit: http://www.compostturner.cn/upload/image/food%20waste.jpg
What can we do about it?
Photo credit: http://images.medicaldaily.com/sites/medicaldaily.com/files/2014/11/20/americans-dont-know-what-gmos-or-organic-foods-are.jpg
EPA “Food Recovery Hierarchy”12
Photo credit: http://www.epa.gov/sustainable-
management-food/food-recovery-hierarchy
USDA Food Waste Challenge13
Join the USDA Food Waste Challenge by:
1. Adding your organizational objectives to reduce food waste to the USDA website by using this form: • http://www.usda.gov/oce/foodwaste/join.htm
2. Utilizing the free resources and educational materials hosted on the USDA and EPA’s websites
Wasted food around the world14
• Chinese diners are posting pictures of empty plates online, urging friends not to order more than they can eat
• South Korea is charging for garbage removal by weight in hopes of persuading families to discard less food
• Massachusetts is barring large businesses from sending kitchen waste to landfills
• British supermarkets are improving labels and packaging so that customers throw out less of what they buy
Photo credit http://growerdirect.co/img/11_Customer/customer_img1.jpg
“Ugly” fruit needs love too!15
Photo credit; “Ugly Fruit and Veg” Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/uglyfruitandveg/ and Twitter - https://twitter.com/uglyfruitandveg
School food service
food waste fruit/vegetable consumption
Key recommendations: 1. Choice 2. Time 3. Buying Local 4. Slice the Produce
Tips from phone interview with Donna Martin, Director of School Food Service in GA November 2015
Non-profit food recovery16
Janell Walker, MPH, RD, LDN
Director of Nutrition & Community Outreach
For more than 25 years, DC Central Kitchen (DCCK) has been fighting food waste by recovering leftover food and converting it into meals for hungry and at-risk families.
http://www.dccentralkitchen.org/
Bill Emerson Act = “The Good Samaritan Act” 1. Protects businesses and consumers from liability when they
donate to a non-profit organization 2. Protects businesses and consumers from civil and criminal
liability should the product donated in good faith later cause harm to the recipient
Bill Emerson Act17
Food banks & RDNS18,19
• Help to recover food • Repurpose food unfit for sale • Educate clients and partner
agencies on “best buy” dates and how to best utilize unfamiliar foods
• Educate businesses on the Bill Emerson Act • Find out more at
www.feedingamerica.org
Photo credit:
http://cagardenweb.ucanr.edu/files/78558display.jpg
Consumer wasted food reduction20
What you CAN do20
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic
5 ways to help consumers
waste less food
You CAN Reduce Wasted Food!
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic
Shop refrigerator first
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic
Some leftover makeovers
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
In a sandwich!
• Example: • Cheese • Olives • Pickles • Pimientos • Chives • Walnuts • Red or green peppers • Low-fat mayonnaise
Some leftover makeovers
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
In a soup!
• Example: • Turkey • Salsa • Chicken broth • Tomatoes • Corn • Beans
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Some leftover makeovers
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
In a salad!
• Example: • Lettuce • Tomatoes • Cheese • Tuna
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Some leftover makeovers
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
In a “potato” salad!
• Example: • Potatoes • Radishes • Carrots • Frozen Peas • Onions • Low-fat mayonnaise
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Doggie bag dining21
• Refrigerate take home food within 2 hours (1 hour when temperature is above 900F)
• Use within 3 to 4 days
• Reheat to 1650F using a food thermometer
Reheat leftovers to 1650F22
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic
400F or below in refrigerator22
00F or below in freezer
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic
Keep food fresh longer23
http://www.nrdc.org/food/wastefreekitchen/files/refrigerator-demystified.pdf
Use correct humidity24
http://www.nrdc.org/food/wastefreekitchen/files/produce-humidty.pdf
Check for some type of slider
at the top of crisper drawers to
control the humidity
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Pack freezer smartly25
http://www.nrdc.org/food/wastefreekitchen/files/packing-the-freezer.pdf
Freeze foods in
shapes that are easy
to stack, such as this
flattened freezer bag
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Americans’ yearly tossed produce26
Photo and graph credits: Graphs created by Alice Henneman; photos used with permission of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Poor produce storage26
Don’t refrigerate these veggies26
Photo credit: Alice Henneman Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Original photos by Alice Henneman, Microsoft PowerPoint photos, and MorgueFile.com photos which do not require attribution
Don’t refrigerate these fruits26
General produce storage tips27
• Plan to use produce with a short lifespan as soon as possible once ripened
• Produce that has a long life can wait to be consumed until after most other fruits and vegetables
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Used with permission by the Academy of
Nutrition and Dietetics
General produce storage tips27
• Consider using bags specifically designed to provide ideal storage conditions for fresh produce while absorbing ethylene gas
• Don't zip-seal fresh produce in regular, air-tight plastic storage bags or containers; this starts the decaying process and promotes bacterial or mold growth
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Do you know …
While bananas ripen best stored at room temperature, they can be stored in the refrigerator AFTER they are ripe to extend their life a few more days.
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Ripe banana stored in fridge
Photo credit: Alice Henneman Photo credit: Alice Henneman
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic
Read the label!20
Photo credit: Alice Henneman Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Alice Henneman Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Read the label!20,28,29
Photo credit: Alice Henneman Photo credit: Alice Henneman
BEST IF USED BY USE BY
• Not a purchase or safety date; food may be eaten after this date
• Product has best flavor and quality if used by this date
• A less specific date than “use by”
• Often found on canned fruits and vegetables
• Refers to a PEAK DATE for best quality; not a specific safety date
• Form of date used on foods considered to be perishable from a microbiological point of view
• Gives last date when a food is expected to be at peak quality; eat by this date for best taste and quality
• Often found on fresh and chilled foods such as fruits, vegetables, salad mixes
Difference between labels20,28,29
• Refrigerator/Freezer Storage Chart at
http://bit.ly/Refrigerator-Freezer-Storage-Chart
• Buy before “Sell By” date passes
• Fairly set time period before food goes bad
• Eat or freeze by the time on chart below unless the package gives a specific date
Image credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture Kitchen
Companion Image Library
Read the label!20
http://bit.ly/Refrigerator-Freezer-Storage-Chart
Check the chart for storage time30
Refrigerator Freezer
31,32
There’s a (FREE) app for that!33
• Check how long to keep foods with this FREE app
• Phone App Store
• Android App on Google Play
Example:33
Example:33
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic
Can & freeze food20
Freezing food20,34
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
• Some vegetables may need blanching before freezing for best quality
• Wrap freezer items in heavy freezer paper or plastic wrap, freezer bags or heavy duty foil
• Single-use containers, such as cottage cheese containers, milk cartons, aren’t intended for long-term storage in the freezer
• Pasteurized homogenized milk may be frozen, including low-fat and non-fat milk
• Thaw frozen milk in the refrigerator
• Stir or shake thawed milk to help restore smoothness
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Used with permission by the Academy of
Nutrition and Dietetics
Did you know this food will freeze?35,36
• Yogurt can be frozen … experiment with your favorite yogurt
• Try freezing yogurt in a freezer mold for a tasty snack on a stick
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Did you know this food will freeze?37
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
• Hard or semi-hard cheese freeze best
• Frozen cheese may be crumbly but will work well in cooked dishes
• Freeze in small pieces – no more than ½ pound per chunk
• Seal in foil, freezer wrap or freezer bag
Photo credit: National Cancer Institute /
Renee Comet, photographer
Did you know this food will freeze?35
Freezing food20
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
• Date all freezer packages and include the type and amount of food
• Freeze foods in the amounts you will use them in a future meal
• Use the oldest food first
Photo credit: Alice Henneman Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Did you know?38
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Once food
is thawed
in the
refrigerator,
it is safe to
refreeze it
without
cooking
Quality vs. safety39
Some foods that don’t freeze well40
Source, including more foods: http://nchfp.uga.edu/how/freeze/dont_freeze_foods.html
For more information
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
Photo credit: Alice Henneman
• Obtain the latest information for freezing food at the National Center for Home Food Preservation at http://nchfp.uga.edu
• Your county Extension Service, which is connected to a land-grant university, also can help. Find your nearest office at http://nifa.usda.gov/partners-and-extension-map
Reducing wasted food
• Saves money • Saves resources • Reduces methane emissions (harmful
greenhouse gas) • Diverts food from landfills and helps to feed
hungry people
Easy to incorporate wasted food reduction tactics no matter your field!
In Summary
Huge thanks to the Academy of
Nutrition and Dietetics
Foundation for making this
possible!
White paper out now!
Recommended Resources Reports 1. Wasted: How America is losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill -
Natural Resources Defense Council. http://www.nrdc.org/food/files/wasted-food-ip.pdf 2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food wastage foodprint: impacts
on natural resources: summary report. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3347e/i3347e.pdf Websites 1. Your ultimate shelf life guide - http://www.stilltasty.com/ 2. USDA Food Waste Challenge - http://www.usda.gov/oce/foodwaste/ 3. Feeding America - www.feedingamerica.org 4. Waste No Food - www.wastenofood.org 5. Sustainable America - www.ivaluefood.com Apps 1. Is My Food Safe? – answers food safety questions 2. Love Food Hate Waste - www.lovefoodhatewaste.com 3. Green Egg Shopper - helps shoppers reduce food waste Other
1. Food: Too Good to Waste Starter Kits www.westcoastclimateforum.com/food 2. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Infographics:
http://bit.ly/Refrigerator-Freezer-Storage-Chart http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/reducing-food-waste-infographic http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/how-to-keep-produce-fresh-longer-infographic
Questions?
Thank you!
Please complete this short online feedback survey:
www.surveymonkey.com/r/fdwaste
References 1. USDA Office of the Chief Economist Web site.
http://www.usda.gov/oce/foodwaste/faqs.htm . Accessed February 13, 2016.
2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Global food losses
and food waste-Extent, causes and prevention. Rome. 2011.
3. Natural Resources Defense Council Issue Paper. Wasted: How America is
losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill. August 2012.
4. Feeding America. Hunger in America 2014 Executive Summary.
http://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/our-research/hunger-in-
america/hia-2014-executive-summary.pdf. Accessed February 15, 2016.
5. Natural Resources Defense Council Blog. The Switchboard.
http://switchboard.nrdc.org/. Accessed February 13, 2016.
6. Venkat K. The climate change and economic impacts of food waste in the
United States. International Journal on Food System Dynamics. 2012;
2(4):431-446.
7. US Environmental Protection Agency. Waste Not Want Not.
http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=1000170R.TXT. Accessed
February 13, 2016.
8. Hall KD, Guo J, Dore M, et al. The progressive increase of food waste in
America and its environmental impact. PloS one. 2009;4(11):e7940.
References, continued 9. Vermeulen SJ, Campbell BM, Ingram JSI. Climate change and food
systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2012;37(1):195.
10.Ridoutt BG, Juliano P, Sanguansri P, et al. The water footprint of food waste:
case study of fresh mango in Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production.
2010;18(16);1714-1721.
11.Lundqvist J, de Fraiture C, Molden D. SIWI Policy Brief. Saving water: from
field to fork: curbing losses and wastage in the food chain. 2008.
12.US Environmental Protection Agency Web site.
http://www.epa.gov/sustainable-management-food/food-recovery-hierarchy.
Accessed February 15, 2016.
13.USDA Web site. Food Waste Challenge.
http://www.usda.gov/oce/foodwaste/join.htm. Accessed February 15, 2016. 14.Gardiner B. The Economic and Environmental Costs of Wasted Food. The
New York Times. April 23, 2014.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/22/business/energy-environment/the-
economic-and-environmental-costs-of-wasted-food.html?_r=0. Accessed
February 15, 2016.
15.Bon Appetit Web site. http://www.bamco.com/timeline/imperfectly-delicious-
produce/. Accessed February 15, 2016.
References, continued 16.DC Central Kitchen Web site. http://www.dccentralkitchen.org/. Accessed
February 15, 2016.
17.Feeding America Web site. Protecting Our Food Partners.
http://www.feedingamerica.org/ways-to-give/give-food/become-a-product-
partner/protecting-our-food-partners.html. Accessed February 15, 2016.
18.Feeding America Web site. www.Feedingamerica.org. Accessed February 15,
2016.
19.Healthy Food Bank Hub Web site. www.healthyfoodbankhub.org. Accessed
February 15, 2016.
20.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Web site. Reducing Food Wastes
Infographic.
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/redu
cing-food-waste-infographic. Accessed January 1, 2016.
21.U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Web site. Safe
Handling of Take-Out Foods.
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-
answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/
safe-food-handling/safe-handling-of-take-out-foods/ct_index. Accessed
January 1, 2016.
References, continued 22.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Web site. Tips for Reheating Leftovers.
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/four-steps/cook/tips-for-
reheating-leftovers. Accessed January 1, 2016.
23.National Resources Defense Council Web site. The Refrigerator Demystified.
http://www.nrdc.org/food/wastefreekitchen/files/refrigerator-demystified.pdf.
Accessed January 1, 2016.
24.National Resources Defense Council Web site. Crisper Drawer 101.
http://www.nrdc.org/food/wastefreekitchen/files/produce-humidty.pdf. Accessed
January 1, 2016.
25.National Resources Defense Council Web site. Packing the Freezer.
http://www.nrdc.org/food/wastefreekitchen/files/packing-the-freezer.pdf.
Accessed January 1, 2016.
26.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Web site. How to Keep Produce Fresh
Longer Infographic.
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/multimedia/infographics/how-
to-keep-produce-fresh-longer-infographic. Accessed January 1, 2016.
27.Nugent J. Produce from Purchase to Plate - Steps to Reduce Food Waste.
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Web site.
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/safety-tips/food/produce-from-
purchase-to-plate-steps-to-reduce-food-waste.Accessed February 3, 2016.
References, continued 28. Institute of Food Technologists Web site. Date Labeling Confusion Contributes
to Food Waste New Scientific Review Paper Calls for Collaboration to Develop
a Simple, Workable Solution. http://www.ift.org/newsroom/news-
releases/2014/june/23/date-labeling-contributes-to-food-waste.aspx. Accessed
January 1, 2016.
29.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Web site. Understanding Food Labels.
http://www.eatright.org/resource/homefoodsafety/safety-tips/food-
poisoning/understanding-food-labels. Accessed January 1, 2016.
30.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Web site. Keep It Cool:
Refrigerator/Freezer Food Storage Chart. http://bit.ly/Refrigerator-Freezer-
Storage-Chart. Accessed February 3, 2016.
31.U.S. Food and Drug Administration Web site. Did You Know that a Store Can
Sell Food Past the Expiration Date?
http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ucm210073.htm. Accessed
January 1, 2016.
32.U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Web site. Food
Product Dating. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-
education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/food-labeling/food-product-
dating/food-product-dating. Accessed January 1, 2016.
References, continued 33. Is My Food Safe? App. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and ConAgra Foods
Foundation.
34.Andress EL. Should I Vacuum Package Food at Home? National Center for
Home Food Preservation Web site.
http://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/vacuum_packaging.html Accessed
February 3, 2016.
35.Garden-Robinson J. Freezing Dairy Products, Eggs and Other Foods. North
Dakota State University Web site.
https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/yf/foods/fnw616.pdf. Accessed February 3, 2016.
36.National Center for Home Food Preservation Web site. General Freezing
Information: Headspace to Allow Between Packed Food and Closure.
http://nchfp.uga.edu/how/freeze/headspace.html. Accessed February 3, 2016.
37.StillTasty Web site. Food Storage – How Long Can You Keep … Yogurt
(Yoghurt), Commercially Packaged, Sold Refrigerated – Unopened or Opened
Package. http://www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/18717. Accessed February 3,
2016.
38.U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Web site. Is It Safe
to Refreeze Food that Has Thawed?
http://askkaren.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/223/~/is-it-safe-to-
refreeze-food-that-has-thawed%3F. Accessed January 1, 2016.
References, continued 39.U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Web site. Freezing
and Food Safety. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-
education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/freezing-
and-food-safety/CT_Index. Accessed January 1, 2016.
40.National Center for Home Food Preservation Web site. Foods That Do Not
Freeze Well. http://nchfp.uga.edu/how/freeze/dont_freeze_foods.html.
Accessed January 1, 2016.
41.National Center for Home Food Preservation Web site. Burning Issue: Green
Beans and Botulism: How can I can my green beans safely?
http://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/nchfp/factsheets/greenbeans.html. Accessed February 7, 2016.