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Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Lithuanian environmental monitoring programme for radioactive materials
Rima Ladygienė, PhDRadiation Protection Centre
Lithuania
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Lithuania Republic
• population – 3,46 million
• licensees – more than 1350
• sources – sealed more than 4500
• practices – all except of irradiation and reprocessing of spent fuel, uranium mining sites, weapon test sites
• regulatory authority – Radiation Protection Centre, State Nuclear Energy Safety Inspectorate
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Environmental radiological monitoring - protection of the members of the public and environment
• Estimation of doses due to planned exposure situations (discharges from nuclear installations and hospitals)
• Estimation of doses due to existing exposure situations (global contamination and natural radiation)
• Estimation of exposure due to emergency exposure situations
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Main objective of the environmental radiological monitoring - dose assessment to public due to radioactivity in the environment
based on relevant data from
• Environmental radiological monitoring (foodstuffs, air, drinking and surface water, sediments, wild animals meat, raw foodstuffs etc)
• Natural radiation (indoor radon, external radiation outside and due to building materials, cosmic radiation etc.)
• NORM (potassium fertilizers, building materials, stone wool, ceramics, cement factories etc.)• Wood fuel (natural radionuclides and Cs-137)• Discharges of from nuclear installations and hospitals (liquid and gaseous)• Emergency exposure situations (air contamination due to accident in Japan)
using generic dose assessment models (IAEA SRS-19)
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Objectives of the national environmental radiological monitoring • Providing information to the public and EU member states (all data are available to
public at sites Radiation protection Centre www.rsc.lt and Environmental Protection Agency www.aaa.am.lt)
• Verification of discharges from nuclear installations and hospitals
• Providing of recommendations for reducing of exposure when it is necessary
• Providing early warning in case of emergency situations
• Maintaining competence for emergency situations
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Institutions in Lithuania involved in the environmental radiological monitoring
• Food, drinking water, construction materials, soil, natural radiation, NORM – Radiation Protection Centre (6 persons)
• Air, surface water, sediments, dose rate monitoring – Environmental Protection Agency (6 persons)
• Radionuclides in imported and exported food, feed, wild products, game – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (3 persons)
• Operator’s monitoring in vicinity of nuclear installations – Ignalina NPP and Radwaste Management Agency
• Scientific institutions involved – Institutes of Physics, Ecology, Botany
• Only national budget is used for routine monitoring• For installation of laboratories – EU funds
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
EURATOM Treaty - environmental radiological monitoring data available
According European Commission Recommendations of 8 June 2000 on the application of Article of the EURATOM Treaty concerning the monitoring of the levels of radioactivity in
the environment for the purpose of assessing the exposure of the population as a whole
Order of organization, implementation of national radiological monitoring and notification of the state and autonomous institutions, European Commission and public (approved by
Minister of Environment and Minister of Health Care on 7 October 2002)
• 137Cs, 90Sr, gross alpha and gross beta are monitored in terrestrial and aquatic food samples (meat, milk, potatoes, cabbages, grain, fish)
• mushrooms are analysed for 137Cs
• Drinking water are monitored for tritium, gross alpha and gross beta
• Data related mainly to global distribution of radioactivity, verification of discharges from regulated practices
• No regular data about radionuclides in soil
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
EURATOM Treaty - environmental radiological monitoring data available
Cs-137 activity concentration in food
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Bq
/kg
, l
Milk
Meat
Fish
Vegetables
Sr-90 activity concentration in food
0,01
0,1
1
10
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Bq/
kg, l
Milk
Meat
Fish
Vegetables
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
EURATOM Treaty - early warning radiation monitoring network
22 stations - 9 PMS of Danish origin, 3 ALNOR of Finish origin, 10 AGIR of Lithuania origin, alarm threshold at 300 nSv/h
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
EURATOM Treaty - radioactivity in fallout and aerosol sampling
5 stations (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Utena and Dūkštas)
gamma spectrometric and 90Sr measurements in integrated samples (quarterly) are performed
gross beta
aerosol sampling station “JL-900 Snow White” is situated about 60 km from INPP
one ore situated in Vilnius and operated by Institute of Physics
integrating of 5-7 days sample
counting by gamma spectrometry (7Be, 137Cs and 131I)
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
EURATOM Treaty - radioactivity in surface water and sediments of rivers and lakes, Baltic sea, lagun (HELCOM)
5 lakes, 9 rivers
from major inland waters and from coastal waters
average flow rate (for river waters) during the sampling period should be reported
gamma emitting radionuclides are monitored (gross beta excluding 40K)
13Cs, 90Sr in water and sediments238Pu-238, 239/240Pu in sediments from lakes
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Special national projects, related with radioactivity in the environment
• 2007 “Complex radiological investigations of environment of Ignalina NPP (flora and fauna, soil, ground and drinking water, food, air, external radiation) with the aim of determination of impact of exposure on humans and environment in the region of Ignalina NPP” (Radiation Protection Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Institute of Physics and Institute of Botany made different investigations with the aim to prepare for evaluation and forecast of impact of the decommissioning of Ignalina NPP)
• 2008 „Complex radiological investigations with the aim to assess and prognosis the impact to humans due to decommissioning process in the Ignalina NPP region” (continuation, assessment doses of exposure, creation of data base)
• Possibility to indicate NPP impact
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Natural radiation - monitoring of indoor radon and radon in drinking water
VILNIUSVILNIUSVILNIUSVILNIUSVILNIUSVILNIUSVILNIUSVILNIUSVILNIUS
KAUNASKAUNASKAUNASKAUNASKAUNASKAUNASKAUNASKAUNASKAUNAS
KlaipėdaKlaipėdaKlaipėdaKlaipėdaKlaipėdaKlaipėdaKlaipėdaKlaipėdaKlaipėda
ŠiauliaiŠiauliaiŠiauliaiŠiauliaiŠiauliaiŠiauliaiŠiauliaiŠiauliaiŠiauliai
PanevėžysPanevėžysPanevėžysPanevėžysPanevėžysPanevėžysPanevėžysPanevėžysPanevėžys
AlytusAlytusAlytusAlytusAlytusAlytusAlytusAlytusAlytus
AnykščiaiAnykščiaiAnykščiaiAnykščiaiAnykščiaiAnykščiaiAnykščiaiAnykščiaiAnykščiai
BiržaiBiržaiBiržaiBiržaiBiržaiBiržaiBiržaiBiržaiBiržai
IgnalinaIgnalinaIgnalinaIgnalinaIgnalinaIgnalinaIgnalinaIgnalinaIgnalina
JonavaJonavaJonavaJonavaJonavaJonavaJonavaJonavaJonava
JoniškisJoniškisJoniškisJoniškisJoniškisJoniškisJoniškisJoniškisJoniškis
JurbarkasJurbarkasJurbarkasJurbarkasJurbarkasJurbarkasJurbarkasJurbarkasJurbarkas
KaišiadorysKaišiadorysKaišiadorysKaišiadorysKaišiadorysKaišiadorysKaišiadorysKaišiadorysKaišiadorys
KelmėKelmėKelmėKelmėKelmėKelmėKelmėKelmėKelmė
KretingaKretingaKretingaKretingaKretingaKretingaKretingaKretingaKretinga
KupiškisKupiškisKupiškisKupiškisKupiškisKupiškisKupiškisKupiškisKupiškis
KėdainiaiKėdainiaiKėdainiaiKėdainiaiKėdainiaiKėdainiaiKėdainiaiKėdainiaiKėdainiai
LazdijaiLazdijaiLazdijaiLazdijaiLazdijaiLazdijaiLazdijaiLazdijaiLazdijai
MarijampolėMarijampolėMarijampolėMarijampolėMarijampolėMarijampolėMarijampolėMarijampolėMarijampolė
MažeikiaiMažeikiaiMažeikiaiMažeikiaiMažeikiaiMažeikiaiMažeikiaiMažeikiaiMažeikiai
MolėtaiMolėtaiMolėtaiMolėtaiMolėtaiMolėtaiMolėtaiMolėtaiMolėtai
Naujoji AkmenėNaujoji AkmenėNaujoji AkmenėNaujoji AkmenėNaujoji AkmenėNaujoji AkmenėNaujoji AkmenėNaujoji AkmenėNaujoji Akmenė
PakruojisPakruojisPakruojisPakruojisPakruojisPakruojisPakruojisPakruojisPakruojis
PasvalysPasvalysPasvalysPasvalysPasvalysPasvalysPasvalysPasvalysPasvalys
PlungėPlungėPlungėPlungėPlungėPlungėPlungėPlungėPlungė
PrienaiPrienaiPrienaiPrienaiPrienaiPrienaiPrienaiPrienaiPrienai
RadviliškisRadviliškisRadviliškisRadviliškisRadviliškisRadviliškisRadviliškisRadviliškisRadviliškis
RaseiniaiRaseiniaiRaseiniaiRaseiniaiRaseiniaiRaseiniaiRaseiniaiRaseiniaiRaseiniai
RokiškisRokiškisRokiškisRokiškisRokiškisRokiškisRokiškisRokiškisRokiškis
SkuodasSkuodasSkuodasSkuodasSkuodasSkuodasSkuodasSkuodasSkuodas
TauragėTauragėTauragėTauragėTauragėTauragėTauragėTauragėTauragė
TelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiai
TrakaiTrakaiTrakaiTrakaiTrakaiTrakaiTrakaiTrakaiTrakai
UkmergėUkmergėUkmergėUkmergėUkmergėUkmergėUkmergėUkmergėUkmergė
UtenaUtenaUtenaUtenaUtenaUtenaUtenaUtenaUtena
VarėnaVarėnaVarėnaVarėnaVarėnaVarėnaVarėnaVarėnaVarėna
VilkaviškisVilkaviškisVilkaviškisVilkaviškisVilkaviškisVilkaviškisVilkaviškisVilkaviškisVilkaviškis
ZarasaiZarasaiZarasaiZarasaiZarasaiZarasaiZarasaiZarasaiZarasai
ŠakiaiŠakiaiŠakiaiŠakiaiŠakiaiŠakiaiŠakiaiŠakiaiŠakiai
ŠalčininkaiŠalčininkaiŠalčininkaiŠalčininkaiŠalčininkaiŠalčininkaiŠalčininkaiŠalčininkaiŠalčininkai
ŠilalėŠilalėŠilalėŠilalėŠilalėŠilalėŠilalėŠilalėŠilalė
ŠilutėŠilutėŠilutėŠilutėŠilutėŠilutėŠilutėŠilutėŠilutė
ŠirvintosŠirvintosŠirvintosŠirvintosŠirvintosŠirvintosŠirvintosŠirvintosŠirvintos
ŠvenčionysŠvenčionysŠvenčionysŠvenčionysŠvenčionysŠvenčionysŠvenčionysŠvenčionysŠvenčionys
NidaNidaNidaNidaNidaNidaNidaNidaNida
PalangaPalangaPalangaPalangaPalangaPalangaPalangaPalangaPalanga
ElektrėnaiElektrėnaiElektrėnaiElektrėnaiElektrėnaiElektrėnaiElektrėnaiElektrėnaiElektrėnai
KalvarijaKalvarijaKalvarijaKalvarijaKalvarijaKalvarijaKalvarijaKalvarijaKalvarija
Kazlų RūdaKazlų RūdaKazlų RūdaKazlų RūdaKazlų RūdaKazlų RūdaKazlų RūdaKazlų RūdaKazlų Rūda
DruskininkaiDruskininkaiDruskininkaiDruskininkaiDruskininkaiDruskininkaiDruskininkaiDruskininkaiDruskininkai
VisaginasVisaginasVisaginasVisaginasVisaginasVisaginasVisaginasVisaginasVisaginas
PagėgiaiPagėgiaiPagėgiaiPagėgiaiPagėgiaiPagėgiaiPagėgiaiPagėgiaiPagėgiai
RietavasRietavasRietavasRietavasRietavasRietavasRietavasRietavasRietavas
• Hygiene Standard HN 85:2003 “Natural Exposure. Standards of Radiation Protection”
• more than 3000 measurements starting year 1995
• average concentration 32 Bq/m3,
• annual dose 0,81 mSv
• average in drinking water 16 Bq/l, maximum –50 Bq/l (limitation – 100 Bq/l)
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Natural radiation - ambient external gamma dose monitoring
• 32 different locations at two regions and 4 cities
• 6 month duration of exposition
• measurement by TLD
• annual effective dose 0.59 mSv- 0.96 mSv
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Natural radiation - monitoring of radioactivity in NORM industry
Radiological research (dose rate measurements, sampling and radiological investigations) dose assessment was done for industry
• Petroleum refining company• Gas transporting pipelines• Stevedoring company (potassium fertilizers storage and transportation to the ships)• Phosphoric fertilizers manufacturing and waste storage • Drinking water purification• Building materials manufacturing companies (ceramics)• Heating plants, using wood and coal • Cement and stone wool (gaseous 210Po and 210Pb due to usage of high temperatures)• Maintenance of boilers and clinker ovens, decommissioning
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Natural radiation - monitoring of radioactivity in wood fuel industry
• Discharges from combustion plant stacks due to 137Cs in wood fuel
• Lithuanian wood and wood fuel products were investigated as well as fuel imported from Ukraine, Russia (Kaliningrad region) and Belarus
• Assessment of the effective dose for members of a critical group: due to the effluents from the combustion power plant stacks due to usage of ash produced in combustion plants
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
No environmental radiological monitoring programs for discharges from medical installations
• Norms of Radionuclide Discharges from Medical, Industrial, Agriculture Installations and During Scientific Research and on the Permitting of Radioactive Discharges (LAND 41- 2001)
• Dose assessment to the members of critical groups, permissions for discharges, annual reporting
• Hospital using radiopharmaceuticals for treatment installed 2 tanks with capacity 150 m3 each (operator’s monitoring of radioactivity in the tank before discharge to sewage plant)
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Quality control systems of 3 main national radiological laboratories
Laboratories
• Radiation Protection Centre
• National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute
are accredited according requirements of ISO 17025
Laboratory of Environmental Protection Agency has sertification
Laboratories of scientific institutes has permissions for monitoring of radioactivity in the environment (quality control systems are created) according Decree of Minister of Environment
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Radiological monitoring in emergency situations
Document approved on 06 October 2003 by Order of Minister of Environment and Minister of Health Care
Order of sampling in case of nuclear and radiological accident
prepared on the basis of recommendations of IAEA
• responsible institutions acting in case of emergency approved by Governmental Decree in 2010
• typical sampling protocols and sampling instructions
• field exercises every year for different institutions
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Radiation Protection CentreCapabilities in performing analyses of nuclear or radioactive material of unknown origin,
mobile laboratory and team of experts
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Transboundary issues – preparedness for monitoring of discharges
• In future plans - 2 neighboring NPP in were close distance to the national Lithuanian boarder (Kaliningrad region and Belorussia), new NPP in Lithuania (2 units)
• Background measurements are going on at sites close to new NPP
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Special national projects, related with radiation in the environment and transboundary issues
Radioactivity in soil profile started in 2007 at Radiation Protection Centre
• net 10x10 km, gamma radionuclides,depth-30 cm, 6 sub-samples, 5 cm core
• radon gas in soil
• dose rate measurement
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
Doses for public in Lithuania, total 2.6 mSv per year
31,46%
3,11% 12,82%
23,69%
3,88%
0,19%
8,54%
16,31%
INDOOR RADON
EXTERNAL GAMMA DOSE
KOSMIC RADIATION
EXTERNAL EXPOSURE DUE TO BUILDING MATERIALS
MEDICAL EXPOSURE
RADIONUCLIDES IN FOOD AND DRINKING WATER
RADON OUTSIDE
POLUTION DUE TO NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS IN OPEN AIR
Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011
National perspectives on the radiation protection of the environment - from the view of radiation protection regulatory side
• All practices are regulated regarding radiation protection issues
• Discharges are limited and regulated due to the doses to members of critical groups
• National public exposure monitoring program for year 2011-2015 is under preparation
• Establishment of National public exposure monitoring data basis is planned in next year
• Upgrading laboratories is going on
All possible sources of public exposure are monitored and dose assesment are performed on routine basis