Topic 20 - Mitosis Day 1. Bell Ringer (10 minutes) 1.Grab a Biology EOC Exam Preparation Bell Ringer 2.Provide a GIST of the Question. 3.Bubble your answer

Topic 20 - MitosisDay 1

Bell Ringer (10 minutes)1. Grab a Biology EOC Exam

Preparation Bell Ringer2. Provide a GIST of the

Question.3. Bubble your answer.4. Explain why you believe is

the correct answer.5. BE PREPARED TO

PARTICIPATE IN CLASS DISCUSSION.

6. After correcting, reflect on our answer.

Cell DivisionCell Cycle

What are we learning today?Benchmark: Objectives:

I will describe the role of chromosomes in cell division.

I will name and describe the main events of the cell cycle

I will explain how the cell cycle is regulated

I will describe how cancer cells are different from other cells

SC.912.L.16.6 – Describe the cell cycle, including the process of mitosis. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction.

SC.912.L.14.2 – Explain the relationship between mutation, cell cycle, and uncontrolled cell growth potentially resulting in cancer.

What is the essential question?

Why must a cell make a copy of the genetic information contained within its chromosomes before it divides?

What could happen if the cell is unable to check this copy?

Think About It1. When a living thing grows, what

happens to its cells?

2. Does cell division stop when youare finished growing?

3. What role does cell division playin your life?

4. What is a major difference of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

5. What is the function of a nucleus in the cell?

What is the role of chromosomes? Chromosomes carry

the genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells tothe next.

Every cell must copyits genetic information before cell division begins.

Chromosomes make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division.

Where are chromosomes located? Most prokaryotes contain a

single, circular DNA molecule, or chromosome found in the cytoplasm.

In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are located in the nucleus, and are made up of chromatin.

What is the cell cycle? During the cell cycle, a cell grows,

prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.

Most prokaryotic cells begin to replicate, or copy, their DNA once they have grown to a certain size.

When DNA replication is complete,the cells divide through a processknown as binary fission.

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction during which two genetically identical cells are produced.

What is the eukaryotic cell cycle? The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four phases:

Gap 1 or G1

Synthesis or S

Gap 2 or G2

Mitosis or M The period of growth that

consists of the G1, S, and G2 is called interphase Period between cell divisions. Much longer in time than mitosis.

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__control_of_the_cell_cycle.html

What are the main events of the G1 phase?

Cell increases in size. Cell synthesizes new proteins

and organelles.

What are the main events of the S phase?

New DNA is synthesized whenthe chromosomes are replicated.

At the end of this phase thecell contains twice as much DNA as it did at the beginning.

What are the main events of the G2 phase?

Shortest of the three phases ofinterphase.

Many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.

At the end of this phase the cell is ready to divide.

What are the main events of the M phase?

In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two stages: mitosisand cytokinesis. Mitosis is the division of

the cell nucleus. Cytokinesis is the division

of the cytoplasm.

How do cells regulate the cell cycle? Cancer is a disorder in which

some of the body’s cellslose the ability to controlgrowth.

Checkpoints are biologicalstoplights telling the cell if it cansafely go or when to stop and fixa problem. G1 checkpoint makes sure the cell

is large enough to enter the S phase. G2 checkpoint makes sure the DNA is

completely replicated, that replication errors have been repaired, and the cell is large enough to replicate.

M checkpoint make sure the chromosomes are aligned on the spindle ready for nuclear division.

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__control_of_the_cell_cycle.html

Collaborative Activity: Le Tour de Cell Cycle CELL CYCLE CAR RACE

1. Divide class into five groups.

2. Only one person is allowed to respond for each group.

3. All members of the group must participate at least once.

4. The first team to the finish line wins.

Collaborative Activity: Prefixes and SuffixesINDEX CARD MEMORY GAME1. Working with your partner, use the index cards

provided to memorize the meanings of the prefixes and suffixes.

2. Play “Memory” with a partner. Show your partner one side of the index cards, and askthem to tell you what’s on the other side.

SMARTBOARD® MEMORY GAME3. Turn over two cards. If the two cards consist of a prefix or suffix

and its definition, your team gets a point, and take another turn.4. If the two cards do not match, your team loses a turn.5. Repeat step 3 until no cards remain on the table. The team with

the most pairs wins.




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Cell DivisionMitosis


I will describe what happens during the four phases of mitosis.

I will describe the process of cytokinesis





Think About It When a living thing grows,

what happens to its cells? Imagine a cell with four

chromosomes. What must happen

before the cell divides? Now that each chromosome

has just replicated, what happensnext?

So, the cell divided. What’s wrong with

this picture?

What are some important cell structures involved in mitosis? Chromosome: Package of DNA containing

genetic information Chromatid: each strand of a duplicated

chromosome Centromere: the area where each pair of

chromatids is joined Centrioles: tiny structures

located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle

Spindle: a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids

GIZMO LOG-IN (5 mins)1. Go to www.explorelearning.com2. Click on ENROLL IN A CLASS (top right tab)3. Enter CLASS CODE:4. Click CONTINUE5. Between the 2 choices, select the GREEN6. Complete the personal information7. Password Format:

Student ID as Username and Password orFirstname Lastname (ie. DavidTorado )

http://www.explorelearning.com/

What are the main events of prophase? First phase of mitosis. Chromatin condense into

chromosomes.

What are the main events of prophase?

First phase of mitosis. Chromatin condense into

chromosomes. Centrioles move to

opposite sides of nucleus.




opposite sides of nucleus. Spindle forms. DNA strands attach at a point

called their centromere.




opposite sides of nucleus. Spindle forms. DNA strands attach at a point

called their centromere. Nucleolus disappears Nuclear envelope breaks down.

What are the main events of metaphase?

Second phase of mitosis. Centromeres of the duplicated

chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

What are the main events of metaphase?

Second phase of mitosis. Centromeres of the duplicated

chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

Each chromosome is connected to spindle fiber at its centromere.

What are the main events of anaphase?

Third phase of mitosis. Sister chromatids separate into

individual chromosomes.

What are the main events of anaphase?

Third phase of mitosis. Sister chromatids separate into

individual chromosomes. Chromosomes separate

into two groups near the polesof the spindle.

What are the main events of telophase?

Fourth and final phase of mitosis. Chromosomes spread out into

a tangle of chromatin.



a tangle of chromatin. A nuclear envelope re-forms

around each cluster of chromosomes.



a tangle of chromatin. A nuclear envelope re-forms

around each cluster of chromosomes.

The spindle breaks apart. A nucleolus becomes visible in

each daughter nucleus.

What is cytokinesis? Cytokinesis is the

division of the cytoplasm.

Cytokinesis completes the process of cell division by splitting one cell into two.

The process of cytokinesis is different in animal and plant cells.

What is cytokinesis?Animal Cells

The cell membrane is drawn in until the cytoplasm is pinched into two equal parts.

Each part contains its own nucleus and organelles.

Plant Cells

In plants, the cell membrane is not flexible enough to draw inward because of the rigid cell wall.

Instead, a cell plate forms between the divided nuclei that develops into cell membranes.

A cell wall then forms in between the two new membranes.

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

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Cell DivisionMitosis


I will describe the role of chromosomes in cell division.

I will name and describe the main events of the cell cycle

I will explain how the cell cycle is regulated

I will describe how cancer cells are different from other cells


SC.912.L.14.2 – Explain the relationship between mutation, cell cycle, and uncontrolled cell growth potentially resulting in cancer.




What are some important cell structures involved in mitosis? Chromosome: Package of DNA containing

genetic information Chromatid: each strand of a duplicated

chromosome Centromere: the area where each pair of

chromatids is joined Centrioles: tiny structures

located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle

Spindle: a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids

What are some important facts about mitosis? Mitosis is a phase of

the cell cycle where the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei.

Takes place in somatic, or body cells.

Maintains the number of chromosomes.

Results in two diploid, genetically identical daughter cells. Does not increase genetic diversity Used by many prokaryotes and protists as a form of

reproduction (binary fission).

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Topic 20 - Mitosis Day 1. Bell Ringer (10 minutes) 1.Grab a Biology EOC Exam Preparation Bell Ringer 2.Provide a GIST of the Question. 3.Bubble your answer