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Tools of Geography
Core Concept 1 (3-15)
The Study of the Earth
• KEY TERMS• geography• cardinal direction• sphere• latitude• degree • hemisphere• longitude
latitude numbers
Recall that latitude lines run around the globe in a/an ____________ direction. They really measure the distance from the _______________.
The boundary separating the northern and southern hemispheres is the ____________.
What is Latitude?east-west
equator
equator
latitude numbers
Another name for latitude lines is ________________ because they are always the same distance apart. Latitude tells how far _____________ of the equator you are.
What is Latitude?parallelsnorth or south
longitudenumbers
Longitude lines, also called ____________, run in a north-south direction and meet at the poles. The one going through Greenwich, England is the first, or ________________.
What is Longitude?
Notice how the degrees count on this map. By 5s, 10s, 20s, or what?
meridiansprime meridian
So, were you thinking of 15?
The prime meridian divides the globe into two hemispheres. The one on the left is the ___________________ and the one on the right is the ___________________.
Longitude tells how far ________ or _________ of the prime meridian you are.
What is Longitude?western hemisphere eastern hemisphere
east west
EASTERNWESTERN
The map below is in fourths, or quadrants. When coordinates are given, the latitude will be north or south of the equator by some number of degrees. It is given first.
The longitude will be east or west of the prime meridian in degrees, and comes second.
Put the Ideas Together
longitudenumbers
latitude numbers
Get ready to take a trip around the world.
On your matching map, find and label with an “A” New Orleans, Louisiana 30°N latitude, 90°W longitude
THINK: above the equator and left of the prime meridian
A.
Next, on your matching map, find and label with a “B” Brasilia, Brazil 15°S latitude, 45°W longitude
THINK: below the equator and left of the prime meridian
A.
B.
Next, on your matching map, find and label with a “C” Dakar, Senegal 15°N latitude, 15°W longitude
THINK: above the equator and left of the prime meridian
A.
B.
C.
Next, find and label with a “D” Stockholm, Sweden 60°N latitude, 15°E longitude
THINK: above the equator and right of the prime meridian
A.
B.
C.
D.
Next, find and label with a “E” Cairo, Egypt 30°N latitude, 30°E longitude
THINK: above the equator and right of the prime meridian
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Use a ruler to connect the dots in order, A through J with straight lines. Remember, however, that this is a flat map but that you went around the globe.
Do NOT freehand, but use a ruler.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F. G.
H.
I.
Finally when you finish…
J.
Let’s Review and Check• Latitude lines run around the globe in a/an ____________ direction. They really
measure the distance from the _______________. • The boundary separating the northern and southern hemispheres is the
____________. • Another name for latitude lines is ________________ because they are always the
same distance apart. Latitude tells how far ___________ or _________ of the equator you are.
• Longitude lines, also called ____________, run in a north-south direction and meet at the poles. The one going through Greenwich, England is the first, or __________________.
• The prime meridian divides the globe into two hemispheres. The one on the left is the ___________________ and the one on the right is the ___________________.
• Longitude tells how far ________ or _________ of the prime meridian you are. • When coordinates are given, the one that is always given first is ____________.
east/westequator
equator
parallelsnorth south
meridians
prime meridian
western hemisphere eastern hemisphere
east west
latitude
Five Themes of Geography
• MR. HELP
• Movement• Region• Human- Environment Interaction• Location(relative location- absolute location)• Place
Movement
• How and why people, ideas, and products move from one place to another.
Movement
• Examples:– People (Trains, Planes,
Cars, etc,)– Things like Products
(Shipping, Trade)– Information (Technology,
Religion, Government)
Region
• A Region is an area of land with one or more common characteristics.
Common Characteristics Are…
• Landforms• Religion• Location• Historical
Background• Language Spoken
Human-Environment Interactions
• How do the people affect the environment?
• How does the environment affect the people?
People Affecting the Environment:
• Cutting down trees• Building a dam• Putting up a parking lot• Flying in the skies
The Environment Affecting the People:
• Hurricanes • Volcanic Eruptions• Drought• Earthquakes
Location
• Absolute Location-You can pinpoint any place on earth by locating where it is from the Equator, and the Prime Meridian (Latitude, Longitude)
• Relative Location- describes where a place on the globe is in relation to another place.
Place
• Place includes a description of a locations…– Animals– Natural Resources– Natural Vegetation– Climate
5 Themes of Geography CubeFirst & Last Name and decorate name cube (5points)
Label one box Location, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)
Label one box Place, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)
Label one box Movement, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)
Label one box Region, write the definition, and put a picture (5points)
Label one box HEI, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)
Is each picture neat, colored and reflect each term correctly?
• _____ total points out of 30• Due ____________________________
Ways to Show Earth’s Surface
• GLOBES• PHOTOGRAPHS• Geographic information systems • Map Projections
Google earth.com vs. Flat maps
Understanding Maps
• Look at maps on page 10 and 11• Map Activity
Physical Maps
Political Map
Product Map
Special Purpose Map
Review
• Video of Silent Review