Tools for Science

• In 1592 Galileo found that a change in temperature made water rise and fall in a sealed tube.

• Simple device was a thermometer.

Tools in Science

• In the 1700’s Fahrenheit sealed mercury in a thin glass tube .

• Our Fahrenheit thermometer was placed in freezing and boiling water and marked

• Fahrenheit divided the thermometer into 180 equal units, called degrees.

Tools for Science

• In 1742, Celsius made a thermometer with 100 degrees between freezing and boiling.

• The Celsius scale is used in science

Tools in Science

• How does a thermometer work?

• The liquid in a thermometer takes up more space in hotter temperatures, making the level of the liquid rise in a tube.

• At lower temperatures the liquid takes up less space and the liquid level falls.

Tools in Science

• https://www-k6.thinkcentral.com/ePC/start.do

Tools in Science

• Refer to your textbook page 10 to answer:

• 104 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale is equal to what temperature on the Celsius scale?

• There is a temperature at which both scales would read the same. Would that temperature be above or below the freezing point of water?

Tools in Science

• The temperature is 104 degrees F and 40 degrees C

• The temperature would be below the freezing point of water.

Tools for Science

• A thermometer is used for measuring temperatures on Earth. Why do you think the freezing and boiling points of water were chosen to mark the thermometer?

• Why isn’t water used as a liquid in thermometers?

Tools for Science

• Normal temperatures on Earth fall within the range of the freezing and boiling points of water.

• Water is not used in thermometers because it would change state if the temperature got lower than freezing or higher than boiling points.

Tools for Science

• A Balance is a tool that measures the amount of MATTER in an object, the objects MASS.

• Mass is measured in grams (g) or Kilograms (kg)

Tools in Science

• If you want to measure an object’s WEIGHT, you use a spring scale.

• You let gravity pull it down. Scales measure the force of gravity on an object.

• Gravity is the force that pulls on all objects on or near earth.

• The unit of measurement is a Newton (n)

Tools of Science

• https://www-k6.thinkcentral.com/ePC/start.do

Tools of Science

• Important questions!!

• In what units and with what device is mass measured?

• In what units and with what device is weight measured?

Tools for Science

• Mass in measured in kilograms or grams by a balance

• Weight is measured in newtons by a spring scale,

Tools for Science

What does a balance measure? What does a spring scale measure?

Tools for Science

• A balance measures mass – the amount of matter in an object.

• A spring scale measures weight – the force of gravity acting on an object.