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Tools and Resources to Help Make
Bicycling a Safe Choice
NC Bicycle Summit
October 18 – 20, 2013
Libby Thomas
Senior Research Associate
Presentation Topics
� Why use these tools and resources?
� Process overview
� Tools description
� Purposes
� When to use them
� Where to acquire them – resource card available
Process Overview
�What are the problems: Data and analysis
resources
�Identify alternative fixes: Countermeasures
tools and resources
�Selecting and prioritizing solutions: Diagnostic
tools
� Implementation: Planning, design, & funding
Making Streets Complete for all users
Implementation & Funding
HSIP (spot safety), Complete Streets, SR2S, Utilities, Other partners
Selection and Prioritization
Diagnostic Tools
Planning and Implementation
Bicycle Road Safety Audit Guidelines;
Complete Streets process; Bike Plans
Identify Alternate Treatments
Countermeasures Tools BIKESAFE; CMF Clearinghouse
Problem Assessment
NC Crash Data; LOS, C.S. (QOS), Planning grants, etc.
Data Analysis; Public Input; Needs & Qualitative Assessment
Need for these Resources
� Understand safety issues to identify better
treatments and better-designed facilities
� Understand problems and barriers to bicycling
and how to provide more useful and appealing
facilities
� Diagnose specific corridors, areas, network to
determine the best (most effective and
feasible) solutions
� Learn from others experiences
� Be prepared
Implementation
� NCDOT planning grants and tech assist
http://www.ncdot.gov/bikeped/
� NCDOT Complete Sts. policy, training
and Planning and Design Guidelines
http://www.completestreetsnc.org/
� AASHTO Guide for the Development…
https://bookstore.transportation.org/collection
_detail.aspx?ID=116
�NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide
http://nacto.org/cities-for-cycling/design-guide/
Funding
Walk/BikeNC: North Carolina Statewide Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan
Tools & Uses Summary
How to diagnose
Tool
Characterize
the
Problems
Identify
Alternate
Treatments
Diagnose
Particular
Solutions
Mapping tools √
NC (DOT) Crash Data website & data √ √
PBCAT software and manual √ √
Bicycle-friendly checklists √ √
BIKESAFE √ √
NC Complete Streets Bicycle Quality
of Service information√ √
Bicycle Level of Service (BLOS)
models√
CMF (Crash Modification Factors)
Clearinghouse√
Roadway Safety Audit tools √ √ √
Thru the process
Describe Problem: Crash Analysis
�Purpose
� Identification of High-Crash Locations, Other
Treatment Targets (who, when)
�What happened - Bicycle Crash Typing
�Understanding - Leads to Better Treatments
Crash Analysis: NC (DOT) Crash Data
� NC (DOT Bike Ped) Crash Data website
http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pbcat/index.cfm
� NC Crash Type and Crash Facts Summary
reports [avail same as above]
� NC State Crash files
� Crash Types - PBCAT software and manual
http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/facts/pbcat/
� Crash Locations - GIS tools – e.g. Google Earth, ARCMAP
(Esri)
North Carolina Pedestrian and Bicycle
Crash Data Tool
http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pbcat/index.cfm
Crash Analysis – where, when, who,
etc.
http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pbcat/index.cfm
who
Crash Analysis - Where are crashes prevalent?
Where do bicyclists perceive to be unsafe?ARCMAP (ESRI®) and other mapping tools)
Crash Analysis - What crash types are
prevalent?
Federal Highway Administration–sponsored tool /resource
http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/facts/pbcat/index.cfm
PBCAT Crash Types
For Years 2006,2007,2008,2009,2010
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total% of
Total
Motorist Left Turn / Merge 6 3 4 2 4 19 16.8%
Motorist Overtaking Bicyclist 1 3 5 3 5 17 15.0%
Motorist Right Turn / Merge 3 1 2 2 3 11 9.7%
Motorist Failed to Yield - Sign-Controlled
Intersection 1 1 3 3 1 9 8.0%
Motorist Failed to Yield - Midblock 1 0 3 2 1 7 6.2%
Bicyclist Failed to Yield - Sign-Controlled
Intersection 3 1 1 0 1 6 5.3%
Bicyclist Left Turn / Merge 1 1 2 0 2 6 5.3%
Bicyclist Overtaking Motorist 0 0 1 3 2 6 5.3%
Motorist Failed to Yield - Signalized
Intersection 1 0 1 1 2 5 4.4%
Bicyclist Failed to Yield - Signalized
Intersection 0 1 3 0 0 4 3.5%
Bicyclist Failed to Yield - Midblock 2 0 1 1 0 4 3.5%
Crossing Paths - Other Circumstances 0 0 4 0 0 4 3.5%
Loss of Control / Turning Error 0 1 1 2 0 4 3.5%
Non-Roadway 0 1 0 2 1 4 3.5%
Parallel Paths - Other Circumstances 2 0 0 0 1 3 2.7%
Bicyclist Right Turn / Merge 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.9%
Head-On 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.9%
Other / Unusual Circumstances 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.9%
Parking / Bus-Related 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.9%
Total 22 13 34 21 23 113 100.0%
Crash Type
Crash Year
Orange County Bicycle Crash Data - Crash Type what
Understanding Crash Problems -
Statewide Summary Reports
Analyze, understand, the problem & potential treatments
Crash Analysis
� Good news!
� NC Ped and Bike Crash Data (already crash typed
and with crash location coordinates, other variables)
are ready and waiting for your community!
� Make actual data request from: John Vine Hodge,
NCDOT, DBPT
Address Perceived Safety Issues
� Bicycling is easily discouraged by perceived
safety problems
– Barriers may limit riding – consequently low crashes
� Only a minority of safety problems are
apparent in crash data
– Only about ¼ of on-road crashes with motor
vehicles serious enough for emergency treatment
are reported
– Emerging problems will not show in crash data
Address Perceived Safety Issues
� NCDOT Complete Streets Planning
and Design Guidelines
� Planning process
� Bicycle Quality of Service
http://www.completestreetsnc.org/
�Other Tools to Help Identify
Bicycling Improvements
� Checklists; Bicycle Level of Service
Models (BLOS), etc.
http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/
problems/concerns.cfmhttp://katana.hsrc.unc.edu/cms/do
wnloads/bikeability_checklist.pdf
How to fix it: Countermeasures
� BIKESAFE
http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/bikesafe/
� CMF (Crash Modification Factors) Clearinghouse
http://www.cmfclearinghouse.org/
� NC Crash Type and Crash Facts Summary reports
http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pbcat/index.cfm
� Other sources such as Bicycle Level of Service
models
http://www.bikelib.org/roads/blos/blosform.htm
How to fix it: BIKESAFE
�Purpose - Provide practitioners
with the up-to-date
information for improving
bicyclist safety and mobility
�An expert-based
countermeasure selection
system with practical guidance
in form of case studies
Federal Highway Administration – sponsored tool /resource
http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/bikesafe/
BIKESAFE Resources
� Understand issues affecting
safety, comfort and ease
� Land Use , Transit
� How Bicyclists are Affected by
Motor Vehicle Traffic Volume and
Speed
� Complete Streets
� Options to Improve Bicycling
� Crash Factors and Types
� Crash Analysis
� Implementation
BIKESAFE – Countermeasure
Selection Tools
� Identify Potential Treatments or Strategies
� Focus – predominantly on engineering measures
http://unlooker.com/man-gets-ticket-riding-bike-lane-films-crashing-things-bike-lanes/
Tools
Crash MatrixSystematic approach:
• Identify and treat existing problems
• Treat similar locations with similar measures
TOOLS
Objectives Matrix
CountermeasureSelection Tool
50 Types Countermeasures
� Traffic Calming
� Roundabouts
� Pavement Marking
Improvements
� Parking Treatments
� Sight Distance
Improvements
� Law Enforcement
training
� Maintenance and more…
Case Studies
58 Case Studies
� Back-in Diagonal Parking with
Bike Lanes
� Curb Radii/Curb Revisions
� A Comprehensive Child
Bicycle Safety Program
• Enforcement for Bicycle
Safety
• And more…
TOOLS
Case Studies
Each study includes:
� Background
� Countermeasures
� Evaluation and Results
� Recommendations
� Costs and Funding Info.
� Contact Info.
Case Studies� Raised Bike Lanes
– Bicycle lanes vs. traffic
calming
– Lessons, issues
How to fix it: CMF Clearinghouse
� Purpose
� Tells what crash reductions (or sometimes increase)
to expect; target audience - primarily engineers
http://www.cmfclearinghouse.org/
Diagnosis: Bike RSA Guidelines
� Purpose - Provide
transportation agencies
with knowledge to
effectively incorporate
bicycle safety in RSAs
� Field Diagnosis most
appropriate solutions
� Road Safety Audits – are a
qualitative but formal
process
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bik
e/tools_solve/fhwasa12018/
Bike RSAs
�Prompt Lists
remind
auditors of key
safety
considerations
�Findings
reports cover
safety issues
and alternate
solutions
RSA - List Alternate
Countermeasures
Engineering Enforcement Education EMS
� Short – e.g. signs, pavement markings,
maintenance and operations
� Medium – e.g. may involve construction but
no additional right of way
� Long term – feed findings into long-range
Planning process (off-road paths or major
road re-design)
Prioritize Safety Issues
Prioritization of Safety Issues
Also consider:
� Speed and design of the
road
– Harm potential
(not only crashes that have
already occurred)
Available:
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa12004/
Optimal Solutions
� Short term projects
� Spot safety treatments
� Maintenance and operations
� Be systematic and thorough in
including bikes
Prevent Future Problems
� Planning longer-term needs – Proactive
� Major upgrades
� New development
� Redevelopment
Enforcement and Education
• www.watchformenc.org/
www.watchformenc.org/
Implementation
� Crash maps, types analysis
NC DOT Crash data website
� ID potential treatments -
BIKESAFE
� Field review / RSA Guide,
other – identify best
options
� Prioritize user needs
� Seek Opportunities
– Planning & Coordination
– NC Complete Streets
Tools & Uses Summary
Tool
Characterize
the
Problems
Identify
Alternate
Treatments
Diagnose
Particular
Solutions
Mapping tools √
NC (DOT) Crash Data website & data √ √
PBCAT software and manual √ √
Bicycle-friendly checklists √ √
BIKESAFE √ √
NC Complete Streets Bicycle Quality
of Service information√ √
Bicycle Level of Service (BLOS)
models√
CMF (Crash Modification Factors)
Clearinghouse√
Roadway Safety Audit tools √ √ √
Product Access� NC (DOT) Crash Data website:
http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pbcat/index.cfm
� Request actual ped/bike crash data: John Vine-
Hodge, [email protected]
� Data include spatial coordinates, crash types, and crash
variables from NC state crash files
� BIKESAFE – watch for update early 2015
www.bicyclinginfo.org/bikesafe/
� Bicycle Road Safety Audit Guidelines and Prompt
List
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/tools_solve/fhwasa12018/
� NCDOT Complete Street Planning and Design
Guidelines
http://www.completestreetsnc.org/
