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Cover………….pg.1 Timeline………….pg.2&3 Central Powers……pg.4 Allied Powers……….pg.5 Quotes………………pg.6-9 Assassination of Archduke….pg.10 Medicine………….pg.11 Statistics……………pg.12 Poisonous Gas………pg.13 Letters……….pg.14 Self Inflicted Wounds………..pg.15 U-Boats…………..pg.16 Trench Life………….pg.17 Shellshock…………….pg.18 Russian Army………….pg.19 Food in Trenches………….pg.20 Poetry………………..pg.21 Animals………….pg.22 Battle Somme……………pg.23 Eddie Rickenbacker………………..pg.24 Battle of Jutland……………pg.25 Regular Equipment……………….pg.26 Von Richthofen……………..pg.27 New Technology of War…………………pg.28 Trench Foot…………….pg.29 Zeppelins……..pg.30 !

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WORLD WAR I (19 14-19 19)

GREAT BRITAIN DECLARES WAR ON

GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

AUG. 4TH, 1914

GERMANY DECLARES WAR ON RUSSIA

AND FRANCE

AUG. 1ST-3RD, 1914

FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE

SEP. 16TH, 1914

GERMAN U-BOATS SINK THE LUSITANIA

MAY 7TH, 1915

BATTLE OF THE SOMME

JULY 1ST – NOV.

18TH, 1916

ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE

JUNE 28TH, 1914

BATTLE OF VERDUN

FEB. 21ST –

DEC. 18TH, 1916

UNITED STATES DECLARES WAR ON

GERMANY

APRIL 4TH, 1917

RUSSIA WITHDRAWS FROM WAR WITH

GERMANY

MAR. 3RD, 1918

THE SECOND BATTLE OF THE MARNE

JULY 15TH

–

AUG. 6TH, 1918

TREATY OF VERSAILLES IS SIGNED AND

ACCEPTED

JUNE 28TH, 1919

WOODROW WILSON REELECTED

PRESIDENT OF UNITED STATES

NOV. 7TH, 1916

WILSON PROPOSES THE LEAGUE OF

NATIONS

Jan. 8th, 1918

SELECTIVE

SERVICE ACT SETS UP THE DRAFT

MAY 18TH, 1918

WORLD WAR I

COMES TO AN UNOFFICIAL END

NOV. 11TH, 1918

Allied Powers

John J Pershing

Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces

John French

Commander of the British Expeditionary Force

George V

King of Great Britain during the First World War

Leaders

Strengths Weaknesses

• The United States

• Better military leaders

• Better Political

Leaders • Superior Navy

• Economic

Strength • More

Ammunition • Were

Underestimated

• French had Outdated Weapons

• Slower Planes

• More Casualties

• Fighting on New

Ground

• Incorrect Armored Strategy

• Russia had

unskilled generals

The Allied Countries

• France

• Great Britain

• Russia

• Italy

• Australia

• New Zealand

• Rhodesia

• South Africa

• Romania

• Greece

• Belgium

• United States

• Canada

• India

• Portugal

• Montenegro

• Poland

• Serbia

Woodrow Wilson The President of the United States during the WWI

Newton D Baker Secretary of War for USA

H.H. Asquith Prime Minister of Great Britain

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Shell Shock:

Caused By Sitting in

waterlogged areas for too

long.

Medicine used: mostly

they would change their

socks when it was possible.

Medicine During WW1 By: August Harris

Trench Foot:

Blood Transfusion

Amputations

Skin grafts / facial

reconstructions

Artificial limbs

Garlic

Other Ways

To Treat Problems:

“War neurosis”, or “post-

traumatic stress disorder”

victims were believed to

have suffered from

concussions due to the

exploding blast.

Treatment was rest, food,

access to a warm shower,

Also there was lice or

“body Louse”.

Besides being a

vector for diseases

like typhus fever,

the body louse

spread very quickly.

Sometimes soldiers

would

pick lice from clothing,

Hair and skin.

By Hannah Wood

United States

The numbers from the First World War

World War I was may

have been called the Great

War and according to the

statistics it did prove to be a

Great War. There was a

grand total over 8.5 million

deaths.

For the United States

there was over 100,000

deaths and over 200,000

wounded but the US total

was only a small percentage

of the total of the mobilized,

killed, and wounded.

The US in Contrast: Allies and Enemies

Casualties of Americans

from WWI

STATISTICS & CASUALTIES

Civilian

Deaths 757

Military

Deaths 116,708

Deaths:

Percentage

of population 00.13%

Soldiers

Wounded 205,690

Total Deaths

of

Americans

117,465

Total deaths of the Ally soldiers= 5,152,115

Country

United States

Russia

France

British Empire

Germany

Mobilized Killed & Died Wounded Missing Total Casualties

4,355,000

12,000,000

8,410,000

8,904,467

11,000,000

126,000

1,700,000

1,357,800

908,371

1,773,700

234,000

4,950,000

4,266,000

2,090,212

4,216,058

4,500

2,500,000

537,000

191,652

1,152,800

364,000

9,150,000

6,160,800

3,190,235

7,142,558

“Our way of getting an army able to fight the German army is

to declare war on Germany just as if we had such an army, and

then trust to the appalling resultant peril and disaster to drive

us into wholesale enlistment”

George Bernard Shaw

! The will to conquer is the first condition of victory"

##Ferdinand Foch

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Poisonous Gas During WW1

Gases

Chlorine A lethal gas that causes

severe damage to the

respiratory organs.

Mustard Causes internal and

external blisters, the

damage to the lungs was

painful and sometimes

lethal.

Phosgene It is less apparent than

mustard gas but it is

more lethal, little can be

done to counter act it.

Tear Tear gas was mainly used

for dispersal and

annoyance. It has been

known to cause blindness.

Chemical Warfare During

the War Most people believe that the Germans used gas first, but in fact it was

the French. The French fired tear gas grenades into German lines the

first month of the war. The Germans after seeing the capabilities of

poisonous gas began to experiment. Their first attempts failed, they

tried firing tear gas in liquid form out of 15cm howitzer shells, but the

liquid failed to vaporize. On April 22nd, 1915 the Germans used their

newly found chlorine gas on the British and French at the battle of

Ypres. Confused by the yellow cloud heading their way the allies

commanded their men to stand their ground. It was a fatal mistake;

chlorine gas causes destruction to the respiratory organs within second

of inhaling it. Later on during the war the British struck back and

attacked the Germans with 400 canisters of chlorine gas during a

battle. It was evident that poisonous gas was becoming more popular

and that it was getting more potent as the war progressed. At first there

were just a few ways to defeat some of the gas, one was to hold a urine

soaked rag over your mouth to stop the affects of chlorine gas. By 1918

both sides were better prepared and almost every soldier had a gas

mask. It was estimated that the Germans had 200,000 casualties during

the war do to poisonous gas and of those 9,000 were fatal. The U.S.

had 72,807 gas related casualties, 1,462 were fatal. It is clear that

poisonous gas played a big role during the war.

LETTERS TO HOME

In a letter from Private Stanley Terry he wrote to

his family saying, “we have just come out of the

trenches after being in for six days and up to our waists in water.

While we were in the trenches one of the Germans came over to our

trench for a cigarette and then back again, and he was not fired at.

We and the Germans started walking about in the open between the

two trenches, repairing them, and there was no firing at all. I think

they are all getting fed up with it.”

To get rid of boredom many letters were sent home from soldiers during World War 1. There were about twelve and a half million letters sent every week and they only took about two or three days to arrive to the people receiving them. Even the soldiers in the front line trenches received letters daily and many soldiers were encouraged to write to their friends and family in Britain. All of the letters they wrote were usually read and censored by junior officers, but sometimes the officers couldn’t bring themselves to read the letters so therefore anyone could have read them.

By Whitney Wills

Chris Gasseling January 25, 2011

Self Inflicted Wounds

Blighty Wounds (Another name for self inflicted wounds)

A blighty wound is a wound that some one

has inflicted on himself. Some of you might

wonder why someone would want to wound

him or herself; it is because most of the time

living in the trenches was very bad. Most

people when they tried to do this just shot

themselves in the foot, but if you were accused

of this you would have been put to death by a

firing squad, or sentenced to jail time. Others

would take the easier way out and kill

themselves. This was done by putting your rifle

against your head, and using your bare big toe

to pull the trigger, other people would just stand

up and get killed by an enemy sniper.

Other ways to wound yourself

Some people would also try to

shoot their fingers off or get

stabbed by a bayonet, to get out

of serving in the trenches.

Books about S.I.W.’s

The book A Brass Hat in No

Man’s Land talks all about self

inflicted wounds.

George Coppard Was a man in World War 1,

who was shot by a friendly

soldier and was accused of

shooting himself, and had to

serve time in jail

Commercial Raiders of the Sea By: Kyle Sanders

Painting by Willy Stower

German U-Boats

Pre-WWI Conflicts on the Seas

U-boats were a significant cause of World

War One. German “Unterseeboot” (submarine)

were used to sink British and French ships

transporting ammunition and supplies to their

militaries. On May 7, 1915 the German U-boat,

Kriegstagebuch U 20 sank the Lusitania.

Americans became outraged when they found out

that 128 American civilians were killed, which

changed many Americans’ minds about the

conflict in Europe.

Types of U-boats

Role During the War U-boats were very effective at the

beginning of the war. Germans had a large

number of submarines used during the war.

Germany had 29 active submarines at the

beginning of the war; in the first 3 months more

than five British warships were sunk. As

the war progressed, the effectiveness of

submarines went down due to new

methods created by the Allies. U.S. and

British ships began using the convoy

system and planting underwater mines.

By the end of the war, 375 U-boats had

been deployed.

• 41 types

• 6 main classes • (Above) U 9

Trench Life World War I

Infested in millions.

Two main types:

Black Rat

Brown Rat

Brown Rat was the most feared:

feasted on human flesh to a point

of disfiguration and could grow to

the size of a cat. Rats could

produce up to 900 babies a year.

Cause For Diseases:

Lice were virtually

incurable. They would

burrow into the

clothing of men and become

invisible. Only a few hours after

the soldiers

have worn

their

washed

clothes,

their body

heat would

cause the

eggs of the lice to hatch and itch

them all over again. Lice caused

Trench Fever, which could take up

to 12 weeks to cure. Frogs, Slugs,

and Horned Beetles were found

plentifully around the trench.

Many men shaved their heads to

avoid nits.

Rat

Infestation

Frogs And

Lice

Deaths:

Sniper Shots

Shell Warfare

Poisonous Gas

Diseases

Trench Foot

Fungal infection caused by unsanitary, wet and cold trench conditions.

Sometimes turned into gangrene and could only be cured by amputation.

It was more of a problem during the beginning of the war because of trench

warfare. Once conditions in the trenches improved in 1915, trench foot

quickly decreased but was not eliminated

Brittany Desjardin

Shell Shock Battle Fatigue, known as Combat Stress Reaction, or Post Traumatic

Stress Disorder - PTSD

A soldier experiences

the “Thousand Yard Stare,” a common symptom of PTSD. It is a symptom of severe psychological distress, but is not found exclusively on the battlefield – just more common in combat

situations.

A group of wounded American

soldiers – the soldier in the bottom

left corner is also showing the

“Thousand Yard Stare.”

As life continues to advance and grow more

technical and incredible, one thing about humanity

never changes – War. War never changes.

Although technology and weaponry continues to

advance, the psychological aspects of war never

change. Shell Shock is a prime example of this,

with it still happening today, as it did in World

War I, the Civil War, and even the American

Revolution. Though it has had a different name

throughout history, the effects have been the same.

Things such as the Thousand-Yard-Stare and self-

inflicted wounds are commonplace with Shell

Shock. During World War I, the ratio of stress

casualties (I.E Shell Shock victims) to battle

casualties rose to 1:1 during some parts of battle, when the fighting got particularly intense. In the

less stressful fighting, it was as low as 1:10.

Russia in the

War

Russia had almost 15 million

soldiers in their army. Making it

the largest army in the world.

They were mainly concerned on

the Eastern Front. Russia was

known to be the biggest threat

on either side for having the best

Army.

Russian Army Dolor Sit Amet

By. Jonah Matulka

3

Russian

soldier’s, and

stratagies

Russian deployment was hard

to do because of so many

soldiers and it was hard also

with there poor roads and

railway system.

3

Deployment

Continued on page 2

In the war Russia totaled, 1.8 million killed, 2.8 million

wounded, and 2.4 taken prisoner.

Russia in 1912, became allies with Austro-Hungary. Thinking Germany was less of a threat then they were. This was known

as plan 19. Yuri Danilov was in office when this proposition was executed. Russia mostly used Mosin-Nagant rifle and the machine gun. They were manufactured in Russia in 1914.

Russia’s biggest battles that didn’t come out the way they wanted were the Lodz and battle of Tanneberg which lost

nearly 3 million soldiers alone. Nocking of 1/5 of the Army.

+

Trench Food! By: Sorcha Sullivan

British soldiers were given eight ounces

of vegetables and ten ounces of meet at

the beginning of the war as the war went

on their rations were cut down to six

ounces of meet a day. Other foods British

soldiers received were bread, jam,

chocolate, dried fruit and cheese. The

main drink British solders got were team

but they were occasionally given rum.

Food supplied to the soldiers

Quote!

Random Fact:

Soldiers often

complained about

foods and drinks

not tasting right

because all the

food and drink

was cooked in the

same pots.

Our rations - you were lucky if you got

some bully beef and a biscuit. You

couldn't get your teeth into it.

Sometimes if they shelled the supply

lines you didn't get anything for days

on end. ~Harry Patch

Specific food!

The biscuits were so

hard the soldiers had

to soak them in water

for days at a time just

to eat them.

Biscuits

Tinned, corned, or

pickled beef. Bully Beef

could only be

consumed on the

command of an officer.

Bully

Beef

Raises were used as

durable and

portable food source

for soldiers to eat

and easily carry,

Dried

Fruit

German soldiers were provided with

twenty-six ounces of bread, fifty-three

ounces of dried potatoes and two

ounces of dried fruits a day. They also

got four and a half ounces of vegetables

and fourteen ounces of egg biscuit.

Meat was proved to both sides but they

were only able to eat it when the

kitchens delivered it.

Poetry during World War 1

By: Emily Donker

The question people think of when they hear of

poetry during the First World War is why did soldiers

turn to writing poems in their trenches? Weren’t they

fighting? Well poetry is a way to express emotion, it can

paint pictures in your head much like books. Many of

the soldiers were young and haven’t traveled very far

from home and didn’t know what war was like until they

were involved in it because before World War 1 there

wasn’t a lot of written history about what war was

like. The First World War was mostly trench warfare

so they spent a lot of time in their trenches surrounded

by water and mud, the stench of death and hearing other

people suffer. Love became a very high figure because

soldiers were missing their loved ones (Family girlfriends

etc.) so soldiers wrote letters to loved ones, stories

and poetry during their free time hoping to escape from

the situation or trying to send a message to the world

of what war was like to them, if you think most of the

poetry was dark your right, it was them telling us what

they saw with their eyes and transferring it so we could

see what they had to live or see everyday while they

were over there fighting for their country.

Pigeons Horses were a major

form of transportation

during the war. When the war broke out in

1914, both Germany and British each had

about 100,000 men. A number that big

only means a large number of

horses. By 1918, out of 150

horses used only four survived.

Vehicles at the time were new

inventions and had problems,

therefore horses were used to

transport goods and machines of

war. Horses also pulled wagons,

cannons and injured soldiers.

ANIMALS in WW1

It is estimated that over 800,000 horses were killed and over 40,000 war dogs were killed during World War One.

Horses

DOGS

Pigeons provided a reliable way

of sending messages. Over

100,000 were used during the

war with an amazing rate of

95% getting to the

destination with their

message. Shooting a pigeon

would be almost impossible

because they travel at such

high speeds! Only a falcon could

bring down a pigeon!

BY: LILI GOMEZ p.3

Animals during WW1 were very useful.

They were used in many different ways, like

to send messages, help carry supplies and

food, help the wounded and also be a

companion.

Just like pigeons, dogs were used to send

messages because they run

fast. There was a big chance that soldiers would

die before the message got to destination because they are big targets and they are weighed down

by uniforms.

Jake Sanchez 1 February 2011

Somme Offensive July 1 – November 18, 1916

At the beginning of World

War 1, the British

Expeditionary Force had six

divisions, which where

strong at the start, but had

been wiped out in 19414 and

1915. Most of the army was

now made of volunteers.

British commander, sir Douglas Haig, agreed on a plan, which seems very

simple at the time, to barrage the Germans, walk over to their trench and

take it by force. They began bombarding the Germans on Saturday, June

24th. Still during the artillery attack, British soldiers practically walked

across No Mans Land and took advantage of the dazed and battered

Germans and took over their trench. The troops did this with the next two

or three trenches.

British Strategy

Overview

French forces sided with British troops defending against the Germans.

Allied representatives agreed on a concerted offensive against the Central Powers in 1916.

On July 1, 1916 the British Army suffered the worst one-day combat losses in it, with

nearly 6,000 casua-alties.

By the end of the battle, French and British forces penetrated six miles into Germany

As casualties increased, soldiers began getting promoted easier and more often. These promotions did not always depend on ability or competence. Although promotions came at fast paces, military quality remained high.

Eddie Rickenbacker

Eddie Rickenbacker was Americas “ace of aces” pilot. He applied for flight school

in April 1917 and was rejected due to his lack of a college degree and he was too

old. He then joined the army as a driver due to his fame. He drove many of

important people. One day he had a chance to fix a motorcar carrying Billy

Mitchell, combat air commander of the American expeditionary forces. He talked

to Mitchell and told him his desire to be a pilot. He was then made an engineering

officer due to his mechanical skills and was transferred to Issoudon aerodrome.

Here he flew whenever he had a chance. Later he was assigned to the 94 aero

squadron based in toule, France. His squadron was moved to the front lines where

he flew a nieuport airplane. He had twenty-six victories throughout his career. His

tactic was fly close closer then anyone dared and fire his guns. He lost numerous

planes throughout his career. He was the united states ace of aces pilot. He was

considerd a hero after the war, and was awarded the medal of honor. He left with

the rank as captain and was promoted to major back in the states. But he refused to

go by major only by captain because he new he earned that position.

- aliquam.

BEFORE THE WAR

Born in Columbus Ohio 1910

Died 1975

Avid racecar driver

Raced the Indianapolis 500 three

times.

Set world record at Daytona Beach

going 134 miles per hour in a

Blitzen Benz.

AFTER THE WAR....

He got backing from a car

company and lauched his own line

of cars. It was unssucesful due to

the depression.

He owned and or managed

several commercial airlines.

He also served in ww2 carrying

out special operations for the

secretary of war.

Later he became a spokesman for

coservative cuases.

page 3

5 Phrases

The Battle of Jutland By: Alicia Cuevas

Conflicts

In May 1916- The Oak came in time to enter the battle of Jutland.

On May 30th -England and Germany came to meet up with another for the battle,

On May 31st- the battle of Jutland occurred

The Battle of Jutland was a fight between the British and Germany that fleets off the Northwest coast if Denmark.

The First Phrase is the British had chased

the Germans south

The Second was the Beadily flee was that the

both sides thought it would go by plan

The Third was that the Germans found

themselves in bombardiers

The fourth was that they both were at

retreat

The last phrase was the German battleships

were conversed.

Battle

Jutland was a fight between British and the Germans

in the year of 1916 on May 31st. It was a big nave battle of

WW1. It was a cause of both the German Sea Fleet who

challenges the British Fleet for supremacy of the sea Jutland

played a big role in the demise for reputation of the battle

cruiser. You are probably wondering? Why this? What

begins all of this? Well the major event that began this battle

was Britain they had supremacy throughout the world. The

Referred name to this battle was Skagerrak it took place in

Germany. The British had actually lost more ships than the

Germans during this time. There were 64 ships mounting

guns. The British good intelligence broke the Germans

code. In the end the British had lost 14 ships and 6,094 men.

The Germans lost 11 ships and 2,551 men. The British ended

up winning the battle actually. German men relied on the

submarine fleet.

Leaders

There were two main leaders for

the German was Vice Admiral

Reinhard Scheer. He entered the

German navy in 1879. The British

leader was Admiral John Jellicoe

he was born in Southampton in

1859. Jellicoe joined the Royal

Navy in the year of 1872

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The Red Baron Manfred von Richthofen

His legacy

Manfred von Richthofen

(The Red Baron) was a

German fighter pilot

who was considered to

be the “ace-of-aces” of

World War I. He was

credited with 80

CONFIRMED air combat

victories, which is more

than any other pilot. He

was killed at the age of

25 during an open fire.

“One can become enthusiastic over

anything. For a time I was delighted

with bomb throwing. It gave me a

tremendous pleasure to bomb those

fellows from above.”

His Death

Richthofen was killed by a

single shot that fatally

injured his heart and his

lungs. He was able to land

his plane without causing

it much damage, but

died moments later.

They will probably never

know who really killed the

Red Baron, and it has

been heavily debated

about for many years.

Whoever it was would

have been a legend. So it

is hard to know for sure

who exactly was the killer

of the Red Baron.

By: Ashlynn Bauer

By Blake Bowman 3rd Period

The “Tech” War. The Rise of Technology in a Turn-of-the-Century War

-Harry S. Truman

“The atom bomb was no great decision. It was merely another powerful weapon in the arsenal of righteousness.”

Weapons

Flamethrower A weapon that spewed

fuel and combusted,

releasing a wall of flame.

Grenades A weapon, typically on a

time fuse, that would

send shrapnel flying.

Poison

Gas

A mixture of bromine

and chloride, that caused

harmful affects.

Tank Fully armored vehicle,

typically with a weapon

attached.

Bayonet Used mainly as a threat.

A knife attached to the

barrel of a rifle.

“I can not leave the idea of war behind, it defines me in every way possible. If I were to forget it, I may as well

be dead in hell.” –Cyril Falls

What triggered the need for

advancement? Why do we

feel it necessary?

On of the main things that triggered the advancement, was mainly the

need to. Many of the other countries involved with World War I had

already sought to advance their militaries, so logically the United States

would follow. The weaponry was, in some cases good, and others bad.

For example the first tank ever used in a war, was at The Battle of

Somme, used by the British. Shockingly enough, they lost that battle.

The other side of things is how they developed a great use of chlorine

bromide, or the poison gas that you hear the German’s using. The

German’s never created it, actually the French, who has never won a

major battle, invented it and first put it to use. The Germany, in part,

took it and put much more study into the gas, and then used it to win

The Second Battle of Ypres, ironically against the French. The overall

weaponry use in World War I was astonishing for its time, but perhaps

sparked ignition in everyone mind. That weapons are what control the

outcome of war, not so much the people using them.

Trench Foot

How is trench foot caused?

Trench foot is caused by prolonged

immersion in unclean water. Withouth the

ability to change socks and remove bacteria.

W O R L D W A R 1

What is trench foot ?

Trench foot is a disease of the foot that causes a decaying odor due to the early stages of necrosis setting in. advanced and severe cases of trench foot, open blisters and sores appear allowing fungal infections to be created in the feet, trench foot, if left untreated leads to gangrene and usually amputation.

(Right) a severe case of trench

foot.

(Bottom) likely coniditions of

world war one.

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