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Today:   Magnitude Terminology               Photometry Applications                                                                     Reading: 10 Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

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Page 1: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Today:   Magnitude Terminology              Photometry Applications                                                                    Reading: 10

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 2: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Magnitude Terminology

Instrumental Magnitude: measured with a particular telescope+detector combination with respect to arbitrary zero point and uncorrected for the atmospheric conditions; physically meaningless.

Differential Magnitude: difference between instrumental magnitudes of two stars in the same image; corrects for instrumental response and atmospheric conditions; gives a true measure of relative brightness. 

Calibrated Magnitude: physically meaningful brightness of a star calibrated relative to the known flux standard (e.g. Vega); typically obtained by calculating differential magnitude w.r.t. a known standard star.

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 3: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star 

Absolute Magnitude: calibrated magnitude of star as it would be observed from a distance of 10pc.

Bolometric Magnitude: measure of the total flux from a star, integrated over the entire spectrum; could refer to apparent of bolometric magnitude

Color Magnitude: instrumental, calibrated (apparent) or absolute magnitude measured with color filters

Color or Color Index: difference between color magnitudes of the same object obtained in different filters, usually defined to that larger positive color index indicates a redder object 

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Magnitude Terminology

Page 4: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Apparent Magnitude to Flux Conversion

FX = f

, X 10−m

X/2.5

FX=FX W X

Specific flux in the center of band X:

Total flux in band X:

Page 5: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

●Stellar spectra are roughly blackbodies. 

●Color index,●e.g. B­V, is a good measure of blackbody temperature.

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 6: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

T

Color –Color Diagram for Normal Stars 

From C&O (Fig. 3.10)

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 7: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Color­Magnitude diagram combining the stars closer than 10pc and the stars with apparent magnitudes less than 3.  Data is from Hipparcos catalog.

Image from: www.jb.man.ac.uk/.../sample/stars/hrdiag.gif

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 8: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Effects of Reddening

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 9: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Effects of Reddening

AV = extinction coefficient

mV−MV=5 log10 d10pc AV

Image Credit: Mathis, Rumpl, and Nordsieck (1977)

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 10: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

To determine AV we need to observe extinction at different wavelengths to find the color excess, for example

since the ratio AB/AV is more or less constant

EB−V

=AB−A

V

Image Credit:  www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

AV = extinction coefficient

mV−M

V=5 log10 d

10pc AV

Effects of Reddening

Page 11: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Effects of reddening

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 12: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Effects of reddening

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 13: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Pleiades (open cluster)

Credit:W. Keel (U of Alabama)

Omega Centauri (globular)

Credit: Harvard­ Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 14: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Main Sequence

Main Sequence

Page 15: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Main Sequence

Horizontal 

Branch

Red

 Gia

ntBr

anch

AGB

Blue Strugglers

Page 16: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 17: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

The distance to Pleiades is 135pc.  Estimate the distance to M3. 

Page 18: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Metallicity definition:  

[Fe/H ]=log10 N Fe

N H−log

10 N Fe

NHsolar

[Fe/H] = 0  means solar metallicity (Z = 0.019)

[Fe/H] > 0  means metal­rich stars (Z > 0.019)

[Fe/H] < 0  means metal­poor stars (Z < 0.019)

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

Page 19: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

HR Diagram of Globuar Cluster M3 

Image Credit: Sandage 1970

Theoretical Cluster  

Isochrones

Image Credit:   Demarque et al.    2004

Effects of Metallicity

Page 20: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

Image Credit: Rosenberg et al. 2000

HR diagram of NGC 6535 HR diagram of M92

[Fe/H] = ­ 1.7

Astronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7

[Fe/H] = ­ 2.2

Page 21: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

How would taking metallicity into consideration affect your estimate for the distance to M3?

Page 22: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute
Page 23: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute
Page 24: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute
Page 25: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute
Page 26: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

obs=

01z

Photometric Redshifts

Page 27: Today: Magnitude Terminology Photometry Applications ...Astronomy 101 Lecture # 7 Apparent Magnitude: the same as calibrated magnitude; measures the observed brightness of a star Absolute

How would taking metallicityAstronomy 101                                             Lecture # 7