TLIA407C - Process Receipt and Delivery of Containers Cargo - Learner Guide

TLIA407C

MC

W.M.I.T.

[Pick the date]

Process receipt and delivery of containers/cargo

Armstrong’s Driver Education Learner Guide

TLIA407C Process receipt and delivery of containers/cargo

Page 2 © Australian National Training Authority 2003 ADELG1069 Customised and developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education Pty Ltd July 2009


© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 3 Customised and developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education Pty Ltd July 2009 ADELG1069

Contents

What this Learner’s Guide is about ........................................ 5 Planning your learning ........................................................... 6 How you will be assessed ...................................................... 9

Section 1........................................................................................... 11 Stacking and discharging efficiently ..................................... 11

Section 2........................................................................................... 27 Checking containers and cargo............................................ 27

Additional resources....................................................................... 36

Feedback on activities .................................................................... 38





What this Learner’s Guide is about

This Learner’s Guide is about the skills and knowledge required to process the receipt and delivery of containers and cargo in accordance with workplace requirements including checking the stacking/discharge list at commencement of a shift, assessing and planning container/cargo consolidation, allocating stack positions, identifying and checking containers/cargo, and checking and completing required documentation.

The Elements of Competency from the unit TLIA407C Process receipt and delivery of containers and cargo covered in this Learner’s Guide are listed below.

Check stacking/discharge list at commencement of shift

Assess and plan container/cargo consolidation

Allocate stack positions

Identify and check containers/cargo

Check and complete documentation

This unit of competency is from the Transport and Logistics Training Package (TLI07).



Planning your learning

It is important to plan your learning before you start because you may already have some of the knowledge and skills that are covered in this Learner’s Guide. This might be because:

• you have been working in the industry for some time, and/or

• you have already completed training in this area.

Together with your supervisor or trainer use the checklists on the following pages to help you plan your study program. Your answers to the questions in the checklist will help you work out which sections of this Learner’s Guide you need to complete.

This Learner’s Guide is written with the idea that learning is made more relevant when you, the learner, are actually working in the industry. This means that you will have people within the enterprise who can show you things, discuss how things are done and answer any questions you have. Also you can practise what you learn and see how what you learn is applied in the enterprise.

If you are working through this Learner’s Guide and have not yet found a job in the industry, you will need to talk to your trainer about doing work experience or working and learning in some sort of simulated workplace.



Section 1: Check stacking/discharge list at commencement of shift

Are you able to: Yes No

1. check stacking/discharge lists against container/cargo documentation and operational order of work, taking into account both ship and shore operations?

2. update stacking discharge lists continually to reflect the correct location of containers and cargo?

Section 2: Assess and plan container/cargo consolidation


1. assess yard or terminal plans and where appropriate plan to consolidate container/cargo within the yard or terminal?

2. prepare consolidation plans to ensure efficiency of operations and efficient use of available yard/terminal space?

3. determine and record final yard/terminal positions from consolidation plans?

Section 3: Allocate stack positions


1. allocate stack positions based on the nature of the container/cargo concerned and the requirements of yard/terminal operations?

2. communicate stacking plan to the relevant personnel in accordance with workplace procedures?



Section 4: Identify and check containers/cargo


1. identify and check containers/cargo at the point of entry to the yard and prior to stacking?

2. confirm that there is agreement between numbers and marks on container/cargo and shipping documentation?

3. inspect cargo/containers and take appropriate action to report identified damage or defects in accordance with workplace procedures?

4. ensure stacking follows stacking plans and facilitates efficient movement within the yard?

Section 5: Check and complete documentation


1. check relevant documents prior to performing completion procedures ensuring compliance with workplace procedures and regulatory requirements?



How you will be assessed

Assessment of this Unit of Competency will include observation of real or simulated work processes using workplace procedures and questioning on underpinning knowledge and skills. It must be demonstrated in an actual or simulated work situation under supervision.

You will be required to:

• plan for stacking and discharge of containers and cargo in an efficient manner

• identify container damage and incorrectly labelled containers/cargo by visual inspection and report these according to your workplace procedures

• complete all required documents including reports of damaged containers/cargo, incorrectly labelled cargo/containers, stacking plans.





Section 1

Stacking and discharging efficiently



Section outline

Areas covered in this section

Stacking and discharging containers and cargo including:

− planning for stacking and discharging

− reading stack position plans

− completing required documents such as stacking and consolidation plans

− communicating stack positions to others in the workplace



How do you plan for stacking and discharging?

Handling containers and cargo requires planning and a generous dose of problem solving. The aim of this process is to make sure that containers and cargo are stacked so that they do not have to be moved repeatedly. Regulations apply to this area and these must be complied with.

Communicating (in writing) where cargo is being held or stored is vital to save hours spent searching for particular containers or cargo. The majority of yards and terminals are large and can hold upwards of 500 containers.

A number of variables can apply to the cargo and containers that you are moving. These might include:

• the cargo contains dangerous or hazardous goods

• the container is temperature controlled (reefer unit)

• how long cargo or container will remain in yard or depot before being discharged

• the size of the container

• requirements for workplace, Customs, AQIS or other government authorities’ clearance

• final destination of cargo/container.

Cargo/container movement is critical and should be traceable at all stages of its movement. The condition of the container and the cargo is also monitored and recorded so that if damage or pilfering does occur, the source or step in the supply chain where this occurred can be identified. The checking and monitoring that you are required to carry out will ensure that your company (or you) are not blamed for damage or loss that you did not cause.



What are the regulations on stacking containers and cargo?

A number of pieces of legislation apply to how containers and cargo are stacked.

These include:

• Marine Orders.

• Dangerous Goods Act.

• Customs Act, CMR, legislation related to restricted or quarantine controlled goods.

• Legislation related to air cargo and implemented by Department of Transport and Regional Services.

• Occupational Health and Safety legislation.

Marine Orders (Part 44) detail the regulations on containers. The main elements of this legislation that have an impact on your role include that containers for transporting goods or cargo must:

• be approved

• have a Safety Approval Plate permanently affixed to the container in a visible location

• be in good/safe condition

• have a date stamp indicating its original examination and next re-‐examination date or marked ‘ACEP’ (Approved Continuous Examination Program)

• comply with colour code given in these orders (9.3.6) and in English language or Arabic figures (the style used in Australia for numbers such as 23578)

• be labelled with maximum operating gross (weight that can be loaded in container).

It is a penal provision (offence that can result in a jail sentence) to load or unload containers that do not meet these requirements unless a Marine Surveyor permits the loading/unloading under given conditions. (Picture of Safety Approval Plate)

A container on a ship must not be loaded with a mass exceeding the allowable stacking mass for 1.8g indicated on the Safety Approval Plate of the container.



Further details of these regulations can be found by accessing the following site: http://www.amsa.gov.au/SD/MO/MO_main/MO44.pdf

Dangerous goods legislation provides for yards and terminals to be licensed storage areas unless the holding time for the goods is less than three days (Source: Dept of Minerals and Petroleum resources (WA) Dangerous Goods Safety at: http://www.dme.wa.gov.au/prodserv/pub/pdfs/gns314rev6.pdf)

Other state/territory legislation should be checked to ensure compliance with relevant legislation.

Conditions of storage in transit (for WA) include, as a guide ONLY:

• storage areas to be exclusive to dangerous goods and marked as a ‘Transit Storage’ area with appropriate HAZCHEM signage

• containers stacked two high and two deep as a maximum

• no more than 25 tonnes stored in one stack and 200 tonnes in total

• segregated from next stack by at least 5 metres

• stacks to be accessible from all sides

• transit area to be more than 15 metres from other storage areas and at least 3 metres from boundaries

• each class of dangerous goods to be stacked in its own stacks according to ADG Code

• make signage of contents visible

• allow for collection of any leaked material

• provide bunding to 110% of largest container

• removed from sources of ignition

• secure from unauthorised entry

• have prescribed fire protection

• have documented manifest available. While you may not have to know every detail of these pieces of legislation, you should be aware of the requirements for safe storage of containers and apply this to your work. If in doubt, seek help and ask your trainer, OHS representatives or your trainer. The first activity asks you to look at relevant legislation and regulation and how these apply to your work.



Activity 1: Impact of legislation and regulations

Ask your trainer or supervisor to take you on a tour of the yard or terminal. Make a sketch map of the area or if one already exists, use this, and mark on the map: • specialised storage areas such as for dangerous goods, open or

unsealed containers, valuable cargo, etc • access lanes • areas where you are required to be authorised to enter and work • parking areas and areas where non-specialised transport

(ordinary vehicles) cannot enter • safety equipment such as fire hoses, alarms, etc • non-smoking and smoking areas • any other specialised area or equipment required under

legislation or regulations.

Where specialised facilities, equipment or storage areas are located ask why these are located and set up as they are.

There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.



What’s the logical way to stack containers?

Stacking of containers is an exercise in logic, problem solving and ‘juggling’. Your aim is to:

• comply with any regulations about stacking containers and cargo (e.g. information on dangerous goods in previous section)

• minimise having to move containers repeatedly

• make best use of the space available.

One factor in this is that containers can be different sizes – 20 feet, 24 feet, 30 feet, 40 feet, 45 feet, 48 feet, 53 feet and 60 feet.

Containers have a safe working limit that varies according to size. Sample pictures of containers can be found at National Rail’s web site at: www.nationalrail.com.au/doing_business/containers.html -‐ thanks to Pacific National for use of these images.

A useful place to start thinking is to consider a car park. Cars are not stacked in the same way as containers. They are in ‘one layer’. Spaces can be allocated according to given criteria, some of which will be similar to container stacking, such as:

• ease of entry and exit

• fees paid

• preferences for regular customers

• available spaces

• security issues.

For instance, in a car park, for a fee your car can be parked where attendants can monitor the vehicle at all times to prevent theft or damage from other vehicles. Occasional or short-‐term parking could be at the highest level of the car park, leaving lower levels for reserved or regular customers. In this way, valued customers can get into and out of the car park more quickly. Or, short-‐term parkers can use the lower levels so that in a busy car park, an accurate count can be made of available spaces.

The next activity uses the example of a car park as a learning tool for practising logical stacking.



Activity 2: Car park design

Design a car park using the information given on fee structures, available spaces and known information about customers using the car park. • the car park has six floors • each floor can hold 100 cars • the car park is open 24 hours a day, every day • regular customers pay $300 per month for unlimited parking

(can come in and out to/from a reserved spot any time) • occasional or short term parking is charged at $5 per hour • daily rate (if arrive before 8.30 am and leave after 5.00 pm) is

$20 per day • the car park owner would rather build up regular customers than

attract short term or daily parking (if all regulars, less staff needed to staff the car park)

• there are 200 regular customers, an average of 200 daily parkers and about 300 short term parkers per day (not all stay for the whole day)

• the car park usually fills up to capacity by 10.00 am and stays full or has very little available space until 5.30 pm.

• car park attendants are located on the first floor (exit and entry also here)

• the car park attendants monitor the reserved or regular parking spots by doing on foot patrols

• a lift provides access to each floor.

Decide which floor you will put each of the main types of car parkers and justify your answer.




The complexity involved in stacking of containers increases where a second layer can be added. For instance, dangerous goods can be stacked ‘two containers high and two containers deep’. The usual practice is to stack containers three high. Containers at the bottom of such stacks are difficult to move as this involves moving the two above that container.

Careful planing is therefore needed to stack containers even two high.

Consideration needs to be given to:

• when the bottom containers are required

• stacking the ‘soon to be moved’ containers at the top of the stack.

Sometimes it will be impossible to determine exactly when a container will be discharged from the yard or terminal and this must be allowed for in planning the stacking.

In the next activity, you are asked to practice simple stacking operations.



Activity 3: ‘Two high’ stacking

The list below provides information on when containers are required for discharge. Assume for this exercise that there are no containers in the yard and that this load is from one ship. No other containers will be required to be stacked during the time that these containers are in the yard. Your task is to organise these into a logical stacking arrangement for ease of removal.

Container number

Discharge date/time

Container number

Discharge date/time

A 25/4 at 3.00 pm F 27/4 at 11.00 am

B 26/4 at 8.00 am G 24/4 at 10.00 pm

C 26/4 at 8.00 pm H 24/4 at 9.00 am

D 24/4 at 7.00 pm I 25/4 at 1.00 pm

E 25/4 at 11.00 am J 26/4 at 10.00 am

The containers are to be stacked as follows (to allow container forklift to pick up from side):

TOP LAYER

BOTOM LAYER




The reality of stacking operations is much more complex than the example given in the activity. As containers are being discharged, other containers are being brought in from another load and some containers may be delayed for a variety of reasons including:

• container is damaged and an inspection and report is required

• clearance has not been gained because of:

− problem with Customs or AQIS or other relevant authority

− incorrect documentation

− some other human error.

In the next activity you are required to generate a movement schedule for containers to match the scenario given.



Activity 4: Movement schedules for containers

The list below provides information on when containers are required or due at a dock to be unloaded into the yard and details of discharge. Assume for this exercise that there are no containers in the yard at the start of the exercise. Your task is to list movements that will be required for each day (assuming a 6.00 am start) and a stacking order. Try to minimise movements of containers. The challenge is to come up with a better schedule than the suggested answer given in the section ‘feedback on activities’.

Container number

Arrival date/time Discharge date/time

A 23/4 at 3.00 pm 23/4 at 6.00 pm

B 23/4 at 3.00 pm 23/4 at 6.00 pm

C 23/4 at 3.00 pm 26/4 at 8.00 pm

D 23/4 at 3.00 pm 24/4 at 7.00 pm

E 23/4 at 3.00 pm 25/4 at 11.00 am

F 25/4 at 8.00 am 25/4 at 7.00 pm

G 25/4 at 8.00 am 25/4 at 11.00 am

H 25/4 at 8.00 am 25/4 at 11.00 am

I 25/4 at 8.00 am 26/4 at 8.00 pm

J 25/4 at 8.00 am 26/4 at 8.00 pm

K 26/4 at 1.00 pm 26/4 at 8.00 pm

L 26/4 at 1.00 pm 26/4 at 8.00 pm

M 26/4 at 1.00 pm 26/4 at 3.00 pm

N 26/4 at 1.00 pm 26/4 at 3.00 pm

O 26/4 at 1.00 pm 26/4 at 3.00 pm

Space is provided for your suggested answers below.



The containers are to be stacked three high and in a row of three as follows (to allow container forklift to pick up from side). Numbers have been assigned to positions to complete the last column of the table:

1 4 7

2 5 8

3 6 9

Your suggested movement sheet and positions (the first two movements are done for you with two positions allocated):

Date Time Containers requiring movement

Positions

23/4 3.00 pm A, B, C, D, E arrive in yard

A at 3, B at 2

23/4 6.00 pm A, B discharged




The activities provide practice at the ‘theory’ of stacking efficiently and effectively. Nothing can replace actual practice at the ‘real thing’.

When planning the stacking, remember that you are trying to make everyone’s job easier by:

• making a logical allocation for each container

• using available space

• complying with any regulations

• recording where containers are located.

The last point is very important. You may have a great way to stack containers but if no one else can follow where you have put a specific container, then the result can be chaos, lost time, lost containers.

The next activity gets you working with real containers in your workplace.



Activity 5: Practicing stacking

Arrange with your trainer and supervisor to work with the person who is currently responsible for stacking operations. As you work with this person, try to answer the following questions: • when is the stacking plan revised? • what strategies, processes are used to get the stacking plan as

efficient as possible? • what documents are used to develop the stacking plan? • how is the stacking plan recorded? • how is the stacking plan communicated to others in the

workplace? • what problems can arise in stacking, how are these caused,

what can be done to prevent these problems?






Section 2

Checking containers and cargo



Section outline

Areas covered in this section

Checking containers and cargo including:

− checking for damaged containers

− checking seals

− checking markings

Completing required documents



How do you make sure that the container is ‘as it should be’?

What needs to be checked on a container?

When you are receiving containers or cargo off a ship or a plane, there are a number of things you have to check:

• is the container/cargo damaged in any way?

• do the containers/cargo match the manifest or documents relating to the identity of the container/cargo?

• have the contents been tampered with or seals broken?

• does the container have a (current and correct) Safety Approval Plate?

The container and your role are part of a supply chain. The diagram on the next page shows the steps in a typical supply chain for goods imported from an overseas supplier. The shaded box indicates your role in this supply chain.

At you can see from the number of steps in the supply chain between the supplier and the eventual end user or customer, many people handle the goods or the container in which they are being transported.

At any stage of the supply chain, the container could be:

• opened and goods removed (pilfering, theft)

• damaged and cause damage or spoilage to contents of container

• seals removed and articles added to the container (including contraband such as drugs, other prohibited imports).

In each case, you will need to report and document anything that is out of the ordinary or not right about the container. Activity 6 that follows the diagram, asks you to identify how you report such situations and what documents you would have to fill out. These might include:

• workplace documents

• Customs or AQIS forms

• police report

• insurance report or claim.





Careful checking and reporting is important so that your company or you are not held responsible for damage or tampering that occurred elsewhere. In some companies, a Polaroid camera is made available to record damage or broken seals.

YOUR ROLE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN

Shaded and bold framed box indicates your probable role. You may also be involved in other parts of the supply chain, depending on your workplace and its operations.

Manufacturer makes goods

Goods ordered by wholesalers

Goods packaged by manufacturer for shipment

(air/sea)

Goods unpacked and

sorted into destinations within area

Goods received at wharf or air

terminal

Goods transported to

destination country/state

Goods repackaged

for distribution to wholesalers

Goods transported to wholesalers

Goods received and unpacked by wholesaler

Goods bought by end

customer

Goods received at retail outlet, unpacked and

put into stock or storage

Goods distributed to retail outlets



Activity 6: Reporting requirements

Talk to your trainer, supervisor and others in your workplace and discuss reporting requirements including: • What is reported (broken seals, damaged containers, spoilt

cargo, etc)? • What forms are used to make required reports? • Where these forms are passed on to and filing requirements? • Whether a photograph is required as part of reporting process? • When police report is required? • How soon report is made after identifying problem with

containers? • Any other requirements for reporting?




A variety of systems are used to identify containers. Whatever system is in place, you will receive a document(s) that identifies the containers that are being received. The documents will detail:

• what is in the container

• any dangerous goods loaded in the container (with HAZCHEM sticker clearly displayed on outside and/or dangerous Goods label)

• origin of container and cargo

• identity markings on each container received.

If the container’s markings and the document do not match, you should also report this according to workplace procedures. Failure to identify such problems and report them may cause two problems where an error has been made and two containers are swapped:

• a problem of your company having a container which is not the required container

• another company having the container you are supposed to have and which is not the container that company is supposed to have.



Activity 7: Wrong container or wrong place?

Talk to your trainer, supervisor and others in your workplace and discuss reporting requirements where the container’s markings do not match the documents that identify the container. Find out: • What the process is for reporting this type of problem? • What forms are used to make required reports? • Where these forms are passed on to and filing requirements? • Whether a photograph is required as part of reporting process? • How soon report is made after identifying problem with

containers?






Additional resources



Web sites:

• Workcover Authority of NSW http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/

• Victorian WorkCover Authority http://www.workcover.vic.gov.au/

• WorkCover Queensland http://www.workcover.qld.gov.au/

• WorkCover WA http://www.workcover.wa.gov.au/

• WorkCover Corporation of SA http://www.workcover.wa.gov.au/

• ACT WorkCover http://www.workcover.act.gov.au/

• Workplace Standards Tasmania http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/node/WST.htm

• Work Health Authority NT http://www.deet.nt.gov.au/wha/index.html

• Notes on storage of dangerous goods in transit: http://www.dme.wa.gov.au/prodserv/pub/pdfs/gns314rev6.pdf

• Marine Orders Index (Marine Order Part 44 gives detail of requirements for Safety Plates on containers and safe containers): http://www.amsa.gov.au/sd/mo/mo_index.htm

Paper-‐based resources:

• Australian Dangerous Goods Code, Federal Office of Road Safety & National Road Transport Commission, Commonwealth of Australia, Volume 1 & 2, 6th edition, 1998.



Feedback on activities

The responses provided in this section are suggested responses. Because every workplace is different, your responses may vary according to your specific workplace procedures, the equipment available and the nature of the business.



Activity 1: Impact of legislation and regulations

This activity is designed to make you aware of any regulations that have an impact on your role and to find out why these areas are set up as they are.

Activity 2: Car park design

The activity gets you to think about how to plan use of space where the use is in one dimension (cards cannot be layered on top of each other).

A suggested answer that is based on best access for most valued customers is to: • allocate the regular spots on the first and second floors • arrange for patrols of first and second floors on a regular basis

and other floors at less frequent intervals • place daily users on third and fourth floors • place occasional users on top two floors.

Another possibility based on staff not having to move around as much is to: • allocate the regular spots on the third and fourth floors • arrange for patrols of the third and fourth floors on a regular

basis and other floors at less frequent intervals. Staff on first floor can monitor space available in short term spots allocated here

• place daily users on fifth and sixth floors.

Note that there are many possible answers depending on how important certain criteria are in allocating space. Similarly, stacking configurations will vary. The best solution is still to minimise movements.

Activity 3: ‘Two high’ stacking

This activity increases the complexity of stacking operations by providing a second layer. Discuss your answers with your trainer. The suggested answer attempts to minimise moving containers twice.



TOP LAYER

B or C D H G E

BOTTOM LAYER

C or B F J I A

Note that multiple answers are possible. B and C are interchangeable in this arrangement as they are required at the same time. D is required before F, H before J, G before I and E before A. This arrangement was developed by putting the last to be moved containers at the bottom and then making sure that the container on the top layer was required before the container directly below it.

Activity 4: Movement schedules for containers

A suggested answer is as follows:

Date Time Containers requiring movement

Positions

23/4 3.00 pm A, B, C, D, E arrive in yard

A at 3, B at 2, C at 6, D at 4, E at 5

23/4 6.00 pm A, B discharged from 2 and 3

-

24/4 7.00 pm D discharged from 4 -

25/4 8.00 am F, G, H, I, J arrive in yard

F at 3, G at 2, H at 1, I at 9, J at 8

25/4 11.00 am

G, H, E discharged -

25/4 7.00 pm F discharged -

26/4 1.00 pm K, L, M, N, O arrive at yard

K at 3, L at 2, M at 1, N at 5, O at 4

26/4 3.00 pm M, N, O discharged -

26/4 8.00 pm I, J, K, L discharged -



This solution allows for only two movements per container – at arrival and when discharged. Making diagrams of each step assists in this process as below:

23/4 at 3 pm 23/4 at 6 pm

D

B E

A C

24/4 at 7 pm 25/4 at 8 am

E

C

25/4 at 11 am 25/4 at 7 pm

I

F C J

26/4 at 3 pm 26/4 at 3 pm

M O

L N I

K C J

D

E

C

H

G E J

F C I

I

C J

L I

K J



Activity 5: Practising stacking

Discuss your responses with your trainer and supervisor and the person currently performing this role.

Activity 6: Reporting requirements

Your trainer and supervisor will be able to check that you have correctly identified the reporting requirements in your workplace and what you are specifically required to check.

Activity 7: Wrong container or wrong place?

Your trainer and supervisor will be able to check that you have correctly identified the reporting requirements in your workplace and what you are specifically required to check.

Documents

TLIA407C - Process Receipt and Delivery of Containers Cargo - Learner Guide