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Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 1
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone
*From the previous lesson we learnt about starboard side
and port side.
*STARBOARD
*The origin of the term starboard comes from early boating
practices.
*Before ships had traditional rudders, they were steered by use of a
specialized steering oar, which was held by an oarsman located in
the stern of the ship on the right hand side as most were right-
handed sailors.
*The word starboard comes from Old English steorbord, literally
meaning the side on which the ship is steered, from the Old Norse
words stýri meaning "rudder" and borð meaning "board", the "side of
a ship".
2
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone
*PORT
*An early version of "port" is larboard, which itself derives from
Middle-English ladebord or the French term bâbord. The origin
of lade has not been determined but some would connect it with
the verb lade (to load), referring to the side on which cargo was
loaded.
*The term larboard, when shouted in the wind, was presumably
too easy to confuse with starboard and so the word port came
to replace it.
*Port is derived from the practice of sailors mooring ships on the
left side at ports in order to prevent the steering oar from being
crushed.
3
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone
*Starting again from the cockpit of a boat and proceeding into
the boat. We will find the following:
*Stepping down into a boat is known as going below deck and is
done by descending from the hatch/companionway.
4
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone
*The first section we find is the Saloon (Salon) –
Quadrato where you can find a setee on either
side with a foldable table.
*Galley – Cucina is a kitchen aboard a vessel and
where the cooking onboard is done. In the past a
small kitchen on deck was called a camboose,
originating from the Dutch: kombuis which is still
in use today. Generally a galley has a sink, water
tap, oven/grill, top loading refrigerator and
lockers.
*Navigation Station (Chart table) – Tavolo di
Carteggio
5
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 6
*Heads – Bagno Most heads today have a basin,
toilet, shower, wet gear - Cerate hanging
compartment and stowage locker.
*In sailing ships of the past, the toilet was placed
in the bow for two reasons. First, since most
vessels of the era could not sail directly into the
wind, the winds came mostly across the stern of
the ship placing the head essentially downwind -
Sottovento. Secondly, if placed somewhat above
the water line – Linea d’acqua, vents or slots cut
near the floor level would allow normal wave
action to wash out the facility.
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 7
*Forecabin – Cabina di prua is the sleeping
cabine in the fore side of a boat.Generally
forecabins have vee berths and one or two
lockers. Headroom may be somewhat
limited.
*Aft Cabin – Cabina di poppa -This is the cabin
at the aft side of the boat. It normally has a
double berth and a locker.
*Cabins for good ventilation have either a
port opening or a hatch or both.
*Below the sole - pagliolato of a boat you will
find the bilge – sentina.
Aft Cabin
Bilge
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 8
*In the event of a water leak, water may fill the
bilge and an electric and manual Bilge pump –
pompa di sentina is used to remove the water.
*The engine or engines of a boat can be found in
an engine box, engine bay or engine room.
*Most boats today that use an inboard motor
operates with diesel fuel. It is mostly an
essential tool for sailors as it is used for
manuevering in and out of a slip in marinas or
when the wind dies down
Engine box
Engine bay
Engine room
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 9
*DIESEL ENGINES MAKE USE OF a variety of fluids, including; diesel
fuel, lubricating oil,fresh and raw (fresh or salt) water. * Here below you have an overview of a water cooling system generally
used for a boat engine. It is divided into two systems, one is in internal
to the engine containing fresh water and anti – freeze. This draws the
heat from the engine and flows through a heat exchanger.
* The second system draws water from outside through the intake,
strainer and by means of the sea water pump through the heat
exchanger and discharged back into the sea.
Strainer
Impeller pump
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 10
*Diesel fuel is essential for running the engine and its flow
system is as follows:
* Fuel tanks. Commonly plastic or metal. - Serbatoio
* Fuel petcock valve – Valvola di alimentazione
* Primary, water separator – Filtro Acqua/carburante
*Mechanical fuel pump – Pompa di alimentazione
* Secondary fuel filter – Filtro secondario
* Injector pump – Pompa iniettori
* Injectors - Iniettori
* Return line – linea di ritorno
Water separator
Petcock valve
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 11
*Most boats today rely on electrical power, from starting – Mettere in moto o dare inizio the diesel engine, powering instrument units and providing comfort.
*Two power sources are used on board AC / DC – AC (Alternate current), DC (Direct current).
*DC is given by the 12 Volt battery pack, where the AC is provided by the 220 Volt shore power connection.
*Besides the Voltage factor a further important factor is Amperes or simply Amps - This is an important factor since it determines how much electricity is needed for various tasks – lavoro / compito.
*Starting an engine requires many amps, whereas operating a simple GPS unit takes very little.
Here is a basic schematic for
general use electric power on a
boat.
AC and DC wires found on boats
can easily be understood by
referring to the schematic wire
layout.
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 12
*On the electric panel on a boat a number of circuit
breakers (fuses) - fusibili are found.
*Every single circuit breaker is used for a relative
piece of equipment that runs on electricity, such
as:
*cabin lights – luci interne (faretti)
*anchor light – Luci di fonda
*running lights – Luci di via required for night
sailing.
*refrigerator
*instruments
*windlass – Salpa ancora. Raising anchor.
Electric panel
Battery Switches
Windlass
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 13
*We know that an engine is a mechanical means of
propulsion.
*On a sailboat however the main means of propulsion
are the sails - Vele.
*Most modern sailboats are sloop rig - Armate. A
sloop from Dutch sloep, in turn from French
chaloupe is a sailing boat with a single mast –
Albero and a fore-and-aft rig— they were known in
the past as Bermuda rig or more recently “Marconi”
rig, as the mast resembles Marconi’s radio antenna.
Sloop
Beautiful sloop
A three-masted Bermuda
sloop of the Royal Navy
circa 1831
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 14
*We have seen that a sloop is a type of rig -
armamento, as also a ketch, yawl or schooner.
*However on any sailboat two types of rigging -
sartiame fisso e manovre correnti is found –
standing and running rigging.
*Standing rigging – Sartiame generally refers to
lines, wires, or rods which are more or less fixed
in position while the boat is under sail
*Forestay - Strallo
*Backstay - Paterazzo
*Shrouds - Sartie
*Chainplate - Landa
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 15
*Running rigging – manovre correnti
*Running Rigging consists of any lines whose job it is to control parts of the Sail Boat while underway.
*The most common are as follows:
*Jib Halyard – Drizza del fiocco
*Main Halyard – Drizza di randa
*Jib Sheet- Scotta del fiocco
*Main Sheet – Scotta di randa
*Topping Lift – Amantiglio
*Out haul – Tesa base
*Down haul – Carica basso
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 16
* Parts of a Sail
* The head – Angolo di Penna The point at which the halyard is attached and used to hoist the sail.
* The tack – Angolo di mura On a sloop rigged sailboat, the mainsail tack is connected to the mast - Albero and the boom - Boma at the gooseneck. On the same boat, a foresail – Vela di prua tack is clipped to the deck and forestay.
* The clew – Angolo di scotta The clew of a jib or other headsail is not attached to any standing rigging, to which port and starboard jib sheets are attached to control the angle of the sail. On a mainsail the clew is attached to the boom, and can often be tightened along the boom using the outhaul.
* Foot /Luff – Base/ Ralinga The foot of a sail is its lowest edge, bounded by the clew and the tack, or on some sails by the two clews. The forward (leading) edge of the sail is called the luff.
* Leach – Balumina The aft edge of a sail is called the leech
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
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* Now we are ready to get underway – navigazione and we would leave a marina berth - Ormeggio.
* But before leaving we would consult the weather forecast – previsione meteo tide - marea and wind conditions checking things such as wind speed, wind direction, wave (swell) height, cloud cover - copertura nuvolosa and expected rainfall - precipitazione.
* Wind – Vento
* Wave – Onda
* Thunderstorm – Temporale
* Storm - Tempesta
* Lightning – Fulmini
* Warning – Avviso
* Gale – Burrasca
* Foul weather – Tempo schifoso
Wind
Speed:
9 - 11kts
Wind
Direction:
SW
Swell
Height:
4.3 - 5.2 m
Swell
Direction:
SW
Swell
Period:
SW
Pressure:
1018hPa
Relative
Humidity:
65%
Temperatur
e:
17- 18 0 C
Rain Fall:
0 mm
Cloud
Cover:
56%
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 18
* Rain, snow, sleet and cold we all agree is foul weather and handling a boat in
adverse wind and sea conditions puts a skipper’s ability to great test.
*
* The prudent skipper will keep a good look out on the weather.
*When wind and seas begin to build you would need to prepare for trouble
well before it strikes. Here are some procedures to follow:
* Close and secure hatches and ports.
* Fix and chart your position as accurately as possible.
* Stow away all things and tie down all heavy gear.
* Keep emergency equipment at hand, such as life jackets, sea anchor and
flares.
Tiziano Peluffo - Lega Navale Italiana
Monfalcone 19
*There are Knots and there are Knots!
*As a unit of Speed the Knot has been around for a long
while and would be measured as shown here below.