Anguilla Youth Parliament

Training Manual

Government of Anguilla

Department of Youth and Culture

Division of Youth Affairs

Table of Contents

Overview................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Training outcomes................................................................................................................................................................. 4Readings.................................................................................................................................................................................... 5Support.......................................................................................................................................................................................6Getting around this Manual..................................................................................................7Margin icons............................................................................................................................................................................ 7Unit 1..................................................................................................................................9The Anguilla Youth Parliament its Purpose and Structure......................................................................................9

Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................... 9Outcomes................................................................................................................................................................................. 9Vision, Mission and Values............................................................................................................................................. 10Proposed Youth Parliament outcomes..................................................................................................................... 12Structure............................................................................................................................................................................... 13The Appointment Process.............................................................................................................................................. 13Code of Conduct.................................................................................................................................................................. 14

Unit summary....................................................................................................................................................................... 15End of Unit Activity...........................................................................................................................................................15Unit 2................................................................................................................................16Youth Participation............................................................................................................................................................. 16

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... 16Outcomes............................................................................................................................................................................... 16Youth Demographics........................................................................................................................................................ 17Active Youth Participation............................................................................................................................................ 18Guiding frameworks for youth participation........................................................................................................18Ladder of Participation................................................................................................................................................... 19Three Lens Model............................................................................................................................................................... 19Methods of youth participation................................................................................................................................... 20The role of youth as active citizens............................................................................................................................ 20Role of youth as peace builders................................................................................................................................... 21The Role and function of National Youth Platforms..........................................................................................21

Unit summary....................................................................................................................................................................... 23End of Unit Activity: Group............................................................................................................................................23Unit 3................................................................................................................................25Understanding the Westminster Model of Governance.........................................................................................25

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... 25Overview of Essential Features of the Westminster Model of Governance in Anguilla.......................25The Executive, The Judiciary and the Legislature...............................................................................................26The A Anguilla Constitution...................................................................................................................................... 29Separation of Powers....................................................................................................................................................... 30Understanding of the Roles and Functions of the Anguilla Civil Service...................................................31

Unit summary....................................................................................................................................................................... 32End of Unit Activity...........................................................................................................................................................32Unit 4................................................................................................................................33Being an Effective Parliamentarian: Part 1.................................................................................................................33

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Stay grounded..................................................................................................................................................................... 33Be accurate and stay informed.................................................................................................................................... 33Learn the rules of the House......................................................................................................................................... 33Consult the Speaker and the Clerk............................................................................................................................. 33Understand the art of networking and negotiations.........................................................................................33Youth Parliament as an instrument to facilitate youth participation and empowerment...............34Structure of the Youth Parliament............................................................................................................................. 35Composition of Youth Parliament.............................................................................................................................. 35

Unit summary....................................................................................................................................................................... 36End of Unit Activity...........................................................................................................................................................36Unit 5................................................................................................................................37Being an Effective Parliamentarian: Part 2.................................................................................................................37

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... 37Effective Research Skills................................................................................................................................................. 37 Activity:................................................................................................................................................................................. 38Report Writing.................................................................................................................................................................... 39Effective Communication Skills................................................................................................................................... 41Debating Skills.................................................................................................................................................................... 44Drafting of parliamentary bills................................................................................................................................... 44Effective Use of Social Media........................................................................................................................................ 45

Unit summary....................................................................................................................................................................... 46End of Unit Activity...........................................................................................................................................................46Definition of Parliamentary Terms................................................................................................................................47References........................................................................................................................50

Overview

Young people are at the centre of development in Anguilla. The Anguilla Youth Parliament

(AYP) gives them the opportunity to use their energy and passion to make a difference in the

governance of the country. Young people 13 to 30 years old will conduct the Youth Parliament.

They will use their voices in creative ways to bring about social, political and economic change.

The Anguilla National Youth Parliament will in collaboration with appropriate Constitutional

bodies, including the Anguilla House of Assembly provide a forum to articulate the collective

aspirations of young Anguillans on matters of national, regional and international importance.

The AYP will also accentuate the active involvement of young Anguillans in national decision-

making processes.

This manual has been developed to assist with the training of youth parliamentarians and

potential youth parliamentarians in matters relevant to youth participation, parliamentary

democracy, functioning of parliaments and the roles and responsibilities of parliaments.

The content

The manual is divided into five units. Each unit comprises:

1. An introduction to the unit content

2. Unit outcomes

3. Core content of the unit with a variety of learning activities.

4. A unit summary.

Resources

We provide you with all the relevant documents/resources necessary to successfully complete

your training. You will also be given additional websites to assist you in your journey as a

youth member of parliament.

Evaluation of the Course

After you complete the training we would appreciate some feedback on any aspect of the

training. Your feedback might include comments on:

3

1. Content and structure.

2. Course reading materials and resources.

3. Activities

4. Support

5. Your constructive feedback will help us improve and enhance the course.

Training outcomes

Upon completion of

the training you will

be able to:

Display an understanding of Parliamentary rules, including

standing orders,

Explain parliamentary procedures.

Explain the process of Anguilla’s Legislative Assembly and

Executive Council.

Display an understanding of the issues of public interest by

articulating them within the ambit of the Parliamentary

procedures.

Develop and propose a motion for debate.

Debate matters of national and international concern

Develop rules of conduct for parliamentary procedures

Display a working knowledge of Anguilla’s Constitution Order

1982

Explain the House of Assembly Powers and Privileges Act

Display a working knowledge of Anguilla’s Legislative

Assembly Procedures

4

Readings

The following are necessary documents for your training. We

recommend that you take time now to familiarize yourself with the

documents. There are also a number of excellent resources on the

web. You will also be provided with additional reading materials

in the units.

Anguilla Constitution Order 1982. Can be downloaded from:

http://www.gov.ai/dg/documents/Anguilla%20Constitution

%20Order%201982.pdf

The Anguilla Constitution (Amendment) Order 1990. Can be

downloaded from: http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Amendment

%20to%20the%20Anguilla%20Constitution,%201990.pdf

Carnegie, A.R. (1996). The Westminster Model A Commonwealth

Caribbean perspective The Caribbean Law Review Volume 6 No.1

June 1996 Pages 1-12:

http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/cpadocs/Carnegie%20the

%20Westminster%20model.pdf

Youth Participation in Development A Guide for Development

Agencies and Policy Makers

http://restlessdevelopment.org/file/youth-participation-in-development-pdf

5

Support

You can check the National Library or the office of the Clerk of

Parliament for additional resources.

6

Getting around this Manual

Margin icons

While working through this manual you will notice the frequent use

of margin icons. These icons serve to “signpost” a particular piece

of text, a new task or change in activity. They were included to

help you to find your way around the manual.

A complete icon set is shown below. Familiarize yourself with the

icons and their meaning before starting the manual.

Activity Discussion Role play Reading

Case study Outcomes

Help Video

Reflection Summary Definition of

Terms

Research

7

8

Unit 1

The Anguilla Youth Parliament

its Purpose and Structure

Introduction

The Anguilla Youth Parliament (AYP) is the ultimate step in youth participation. There are

numerous things that can be accomplished through a national youth parliament if it is

established and operates correctly and if it has all the constituent parts that will mirror the

actual parliament. AYP will provide you with a platform where you can engage the Anguillan

public on issues of national importance but from a youth perspective. Your contribution will

not come from the position of a politician or a political party but a genuine independent view

of that particular issue. This unit presents an overview of the AYP. You will be guided on

the mission, vision objectives and the structure of the AYP.

Outcomes

Upon completion of this unit you will be able to:

1. Give a rationale for the Anguilla Youth Parliament.

2. Explain the mission, vision and objectives of the Anguilla Youth Parliament.

3. Articulate the purpose and structure of the Anguilla Youth Parliament.

9

Vision, Mission and Values

Let us begin this session by discussion the following Quote.

Alice and the Cat1

Alice: Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?

The Cat: That depends a good deal on where you want to get to

Alice: I don't much care where.

The Cat: Then it doesn't much matter, which way you go.

Alice: …so long as I get somewhere.

The Cat: Oh, you're sure to do that, if only you walk long enough.

What are some issues that you can identify in the above quote?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

As with all projects, programmes and journeys we need to know where we are going. If we are

not sure what we want any road will take us there. Like Alice we will take the long walk to

anywhere. The vision, mission and values set are the very important elements of the AYP. Let

us explore them.

Vision

The vision of any organisation describes the long-term desired change or goals resulting from

strategic plans, and activities of the organization. The AYP’s vision states

“Young people empowered and engaged as transformational leaders and strategic partners in Anguilla’s

governance and development ethos.”

1 Alice and the Cat: Quotes: Alice in Wonderland http://quotations.about.com/od/moretypes/a/alice4.htm

10

Mission Statement

The mission gives us an idea about the present state of the organisation and explains why it

exists. The mission answers the following questions:

What it does;

Who it does it for; and

How it is done.

The AYP mission states:

The Anguilla National Youth Parliament will in collaboration with appropriate Constitutional bodies,

including the Anguilla House of Assembly provide a forum to articulate the collective aspirations of

young people and their perspectives on matters of national, regional and international importance. The

NYP will also accentuate the active involvement of young people in national decision-making processes.

Value Statements

The value statements speak to how you will behave with each other in the organisation. As

young parliamentarians you will contribute to the promotion of high ideals and ethical

standards through:

Teamwork: supporting each other work collaboratively, and respecting each other’s

views.

Professionalism: providing quality representation during youth parliament proceedings

and in their relationship with each other and the wider youth population.

Integrity: maintaining the highest integrity in all of their endeavours.

Character: displaying behaviours that are in keeping with the protocol that governs

parliament.

Transparency: ensuring that all activities are open to scrutiny and clearly articulates the

guiding principles of the Anguilla Youth Parliament.

Patriotism: participating in nation building activities and showing respect to national

symbols.

Tolerance: treating people with different views, practices and other persuasions with

respect.

Empowerment: showing that they are able to make a positive contribution to Anguilla’s

development.

11

Let us examine the Vision, Mission and Values of The AYP. Answer the

following:

1. How can I contribute to making the Vision of the AYP a reality?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. How is the Mission relevant to my work as a Young Parliamentarian?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. How can I uphold the Values of the AYP?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Proposed Youth Parliament outcomes

The outcomes of the AYP are as follows:

Increased participation and engagement of young people in the governance and

development processes of Anguilla.

Availability of adequate spaces and opportunities for Anguillan young people to articulate

their views on matters of national, regional and international significance.

Young people of Anguilla being kept informed (and knowledgeable) of appropriate

governance systems, process and parliamentary procedures, including the functions and

responsibilities of the principal arms of government and stakeholders.

1. Creation of a framework for dialogue and to support diversity in ideas.

2. Enhanced knowledge and awareness of the Constitution and laws of Anguilla.

3. Facilitation of a cadre of competent young people as suitable candidates for public

office.

4. Development of research skills to advance findings.

5. An educated, informed and socially responsible youth constituency.

12

Structure

The Anguilla Youth Parliament adopts the structure and operating procedures of the

Anguilla House of Assembly (National Parliament). The election of members to the youth

parliament is conducted in accordance with national elections rules and procedures (first

past the post). There will be seven (7) elected and two (2) Ex-Officio members and two

nominated of the youth parliament.

The AYP will be provided with appropriate administrative, clerical and support services. A

formal relationship between the Youth Parliament and the House of Assembly is

established. This facilitates the sharing of technical, administrative and support staff.

Administration of the youth parliament will rest with the Clerk of the Anguilla House of

Assembly.

The Appointment Process

You will be chosen to participate as a Youth MP (YMP) using one of the following

processes.

Election

Seven (7) young persons shall be elected to serve as members of the youth parliament. You

must be within the ages of 13 to 30 to be elected. To be considered for election as YMP you

must:

1. Demonstrate an active interest in Parliamentary and Governance matters

2. Display requisite leadership qualities

3. Be willing to vigorously represent your constituents and actively participate in the

proceedings of the youth parliament

4. Demonstrate effective communication skills and possess appropriate competence in

written and oral use of English.

Representatives to the youth parliament will be elected in each of the 7 electoral districts in

Anguilla. Election of members to the youth parliament will be in accordance with the

process and procedures that govern the national elections.2

2 http://www.gov.ai/documents/Elections_Guidelines_14_11_14.pdf

13

Code of Conduct

All members of parliament, including ex-officio members shall sign a code of conduct that

espouses the following ethical principles.

1. The AYP is independent of partisan political views.

2. The business of the parliament shall be conducted within acceptable norms, rules

and parliamentary procedures.

3. The AYP will consider and debate matters relevant to the young people of Anguilla,

in particular, but also matters of national, regional and international significance in

general.

4. Demonstrate requisite knowledge of and respect for the Laws of Anguilla and

relevant provisions of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, UN Convention

on the Rights of the Child and such other conventions and international protocols.

5. The young parliamentarians will demonstrate requisite respect for diversity and

shall act on behalf of the entire youth population within their immediate

constituency.

14

Unit summary

Summary

In this unit we discussed the AYP. The importance of the Vision,

Mission and Value statements was highlighted. You were also

given a synopsis of the structure and function of the AYP. As

YMP you are required to use this information when conducting

your duties.

End of Unit Activity

As YMP you are required to perform a number of roles. Complete the Following YMP role

description.

Role Title: Member of Anguilla Youth Parliament

Expectations: Attend Youth Parliament

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Term of Office: ______________________________________________________________

Election Rules: Age range 11 – 30

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Purpose of your Role: To support the voice of Anguillan Youth

________________________________________________________________

15

Unit 2

Youth Participation

Introduction

The above quote speaks to the importance of youth participation. Youth participation is very

important to the sustainability of any nation. In this unit we will discuss youth participation.

We will focus on the importance of youth participation and highlight some current theories of

youth participation. At the end of the unit you will have the opportunity to examine your

level of participation in Anguilla.

Outcomes

Upon completion of this unit you will be able to:

Outcomes

Define active youth participation.

Explain the importance of youth participation in governance.

Describe the different levels of youth participation.

Suggest ways young Anguillans can participate in nation

building.

16

Youth Demographics

There are 1.8 billion young people between the ages of 10-24 in the world today

(UNFPA, 2014). Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin, Executive Director of the UNFPA

describes this global youth population as a significant potential for economic and social

progress (UNFPA, 2014- The Power of 1.8 Billion: Adolescents, Youth and the

Transformation of the Future)3

The Commonwealth Secretariat characterizes young people as a “ force for peace,

democracy, equality and good governance; a catalyst for global consensus building and;

an essential resource for sustainable development and poverty eradication” (PAYE 2007-

2015)4.

CARICOM Heads of Government have affirmed their belief “that the unique

perspective, creativity, energy and other assets which young people possess are essential

elements of societal change, technological innovation and development, making them

invaluable assets and partners in development and not problems to be solved” (The

Declaration of Paramaribo on the Future of Youth in the Caribbean Community).

Reading:

The Declaration of Paramaribo on the Future of Youth in the Caribbean Community

gives you a summary of the decisions made by Caribbean leaders on the importance of

youth participation http://www.unicef.org/lac/declaracion_youth.pdf

3 http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP14-Report_FINAL-web.pdf

4 http://www.youthdevelopmentindex.org/cms/cms-youth/_images/7150051245204522383408.pdf

17

Active Youth Participation

Active youth participation is a popular phrase used by Governments, development

agencies, youth leaders, civil society organisations and youth development professionals

to define the involvement of young people in family, geographic and academic

communities, national, regional and international affairs. Youth participation is not

simply about ensuring youth involvement in youth related activities. It is a multi-faceted

and dynamic political concept, which embraces the idea of young people claiming,

negotiating and asserting their rights and demographic interests. Active youth

participation speaks to every facet of society, including economic, social, political,

cultural and spiritual realms. It must facilitate the inclusion of young people irrespective

of gender; socio-economic status; ethnicity; physical and mental abilities; geographic

location; religious or political philosophy (Charles, 2014).

Essentially, youth participation and active citizenship is about young people having the

right, the means, the space and the opportunity; political and economic support to

participate meaningfully in and influence decisions; and contribute to building a better

society (WPAY, 2000 and Beyond; PAYE, 2007-2015; UNDP Youth Strategy, 2014-

2017). Active youth participation fosters a sense of inclusion and ownership because

policy processes become more transparent and accountable towards young people. It

also assists young people in building self-confidence.

Guiding frameworks for youth participation

There are many policy statements, guiding frameworks and technical reports, which

supports and informs the concept of youth participation. These include World

Programme of Action for Youth, 2000 and beyond, the Commonwealth Plan of Action

for Youth Empowerment 2007-2015, the Caribbean Community Youth Development

Action Plan and the various national youth policies, including the Anguilla Youth

Policy. Some of these frameworks include action points and indicators by which youth

participation can be assessed. Two such frameworks are the Roger Hart Ladder of

Participation and the 3 Lens approach to youth participation

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Ladder of Participation

Roger Hart, a sociologist, spoke about the ladder of participation (Engagement). He

developed an eight-rung ladder of participation. He wanted policy makers to identify

where young people are at in the continuum and develop creative ways of moving them

from the non-participation to active participation rung.

Read Hart’s Ladder of Participation on:

http://www.learningtolearn.sa.edu.au/tfel/files/links/Ladder_of_Participation_1.pdf and

state where you think you are on the ladder. Complete the following:

According to Hart’s Ladder

I am on:

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

I would like to be:

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Three Lens Model

The three-lens approach is described by the World Bank as working for youth as

beneficiaries; engaging with youth as partners; and supporting youth as leaders (World

Bank, 2007)5. Let us explore this approach. Your participation in the development of

Anguilla must be considered in the combination of all three lenses. It is a very dynamic

approach and is dependent on your context. The policy makers can determine the lens

they will utilise to facilitate youth participation. For, Example, Anguilla may accentuate

youth participation from a standpoint of young partners or leaders, and not young

beneficiaries.

5 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2006/09/13/000112742_20060913111024/Rendered/PDF/359990WDR0complete.pdf

19

Methods of youth participation

The methods used by countries to facilitate youth participation are varied. In many countries

young people participate at the community, school, national, regional and global level

through student councils, community youth groups, national youth councils and various youth

ambassadorship programmes.

At the national level young people are sometimes selected to serve on committees and boards

or to participate in various national consultative processes. Then there is political

participation where young people are recruited to serve as members of youth auxiliaries of

political parties. At the regional and global level the convening of various youth forum and

appointment of youth ambassadors to articulate youth views and perspectives is prevalent.

One notable example is the on-going efforts to facilitate youth participation in shaping the

post 2015 global development agenda. Generally young people participate through

conferences, workshops, advocacy campaigns, youth parliaments and stakeholder forums.

What methods are used in Anguilla to facilitate your

participation in community, national, regional and international events or activities for your

development?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

The role of youth as active citizens

Young people perform several critical roles as active citizens. In performing their role as

active citizens young people contribute to the development of their peers, family and

community. In some countries, through their role as active citizens young people have

contributed the eradication of illiteracy. In others they have assisted farmers and social

service providers in rural communities to improve their businesses through the integration of

technology. Young people function as mentors and sport coaches for children. Some engage

in peer counselling to at-risk young people.

20

Role of youth as peace builders

Communities are sometimes affected by civil conflict, violence and crime. In these

circumstances peace and citizens security are at risk. Unfortunately young people are usually

impacted dis-proportionately. However, what is also true is in many instances successful

interventions are dependent on the active engagement of young people as peace-builders. As

peace-builders young people contribute to the development of peaceful, socially inclusive

communities and stable societies. To support young people’s role and effectiveness as

peace-builders training opportunities can be made available. The United Nations Alliance of

Civilizations6 usually organizes such training programmes.

The Role and function of National Youth Platforms

National Youth Councils, like the Anguilla National Youth Council, exist in many parts of

the world. For youth organisations they play an important facilitative role in the coordination

of youth work, while for governments they serve as a go-to point for expertise on youth

issues and concerns. There are usually three broad categories of NYCs. They have been

identified in the following figure:

In the first category there are National Youth Councils (NYCs) that are youth-run and which

operate autonomously from government and other influences. Included in this category are

the Anguilla National Youth Council, Saint Lucia National Youth Council, and Dominica

6 http://unaocyouth.org/youth-program/

Categories of NYC's Alternative Structure

Part of government structureYouth-run

21

National Youth Council among others. The second category includes organisations that are

part of a government structure, usually with at least several public officers employed as part

of its operation. Some organisations in this category are the Saint Maarten Youth Council

and National Youth Development Council of Zambia. Lastly, a third category is made up of

alternative structures that exist to coordinate youth participation and serve roughly the same

purpose as youth-driven NYCs. Included in this category is the National Youth Forum of

Barbados, Saint Kitts and Nevis National Youth Parliament Association and Trinidad Youth

Council.

22

Unit summary

In this unit you learned about active youth participation. We

discussed the importance of youth participation to facilitate the

holistic development of their country. The role and function of

youth platforms was explored.

End of Unit Activity: Group

In your groups you are required to discuss youth participation in

Anguilla.

Your Task:

Discuss how young people are encouraged to participate in

Anguilla. What are some challenges and opportunities that

influence youth participation in your country? Use the following

template to guide you.

23

Unit 3

Understanding the Westminster Model of Governance

Introduction

Anguilla’s political system is based on the Westminster system. It originated from

Westminster in London, the area in central London where the Parliament of the United

Kingdom is located. This system has been exported to many different countries and settings,

both inside and outside the Commonwealth.

Upon completion of this unit you will be able to:

Outcomes

1. List the elements of the Westminster model of

governance.

2. Explain the function of each element of the

Westminster model.

3. Explain the concept of separation of Powers

4. Explain the role and function of the Anguilla

Civil Service

Overview of Essential Features of the Westminster Model of Governance in Anguilla

In the Anguilla Government the Westminster has an Executive government determined by a

democratically elected House. The government requires the continuing support of a majority of

members of the House to remain in office. The head of government is the Chief Minister who

leads an Executive Council that is responsible to the House. The House comprises an

opposition led by the leader of the party or parties with the second largest number of seats in

the House. A constitutional Governor who has no political affiliation and acts on the advice of

the Chief Minister/Executive Council or consults with them or some other designated

individual or body. The rule of law prevails, with an independent judiciary, subject to the

Constitution.

The Executive, The Judiciary and the Legislature

25

There are three recognised elements of government in the Westminster system: the Legislature,

the Executive, and the Judiciary. Each element is responsible for performing distinct roles and

functions. The following table illustrates the function of each: -

Element or Branch Executive Legislature Judiciary

Role Carrying out or executing

the law

Law Making Judging or

adjudicating

on the law

Governing Body Government Parliament Courts

The Executive

The Executive is responsible for the day-to-day government of Anguilla. The chairperson of

the Executive is HE The Governor. The Deputy Governor is responsible for the management

of the public service and disaster management. The Chief Minister and up to three ministers

who are appointed by the Chief Minister from the Assembly form the Executive, along with

the Deputy Governor and Attorney General. The Chief Minister allocates portfolios to each

minister.

Complete the Following: The members of the Anguilla Executive are as follows:

The Governor: ______________________________________________

Hon. Chief Minister: _______________________________________

Hon. Deputy Governor: _________________________________________

Hon. Minister of Social Development: ___________________________

Hon. Minister of Home Affairs: ________________________________

Hon. Minister of ICUHAF7: ____________________________

Hon. Attorney General: ______________________________

7Minister of Infrastructure, Communications, Utilities, Housing, Environment, Agriculture, Fisheries, Information Technology and E-Government Service

26

The Legislature

Anguilla has a unicameral House of Assembly. There are seven elected members, two ex-

officio members and two appointed members. Elections are held every five years. Elections

were last held on April 22, 2015. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor and is the

person in the House who appears to command the support of the majority of elected members.

The Assembly has power to elect a Speaker. In the Legislature laws are made, the Executive is

scrutinised, matters of public importance are investigated and debated, and the actions of the

government are reviewed. The Governor assents to each Bill at the last stage of creating an

Act. If the Assembly passes a Bill, the Speaker asks for it to be notified on the Legislation

Register8 and it becomes an act, that is, part of the law of the land.

8 www.legislation.act.gov.au 

27

Activity: Research the Following: The Elections results of 2015. Identify the

members of the Legislature and explain their roles in the Anguilla House of Assembly.

Position Member Role

Hon. Speaker

Member for Island Harbour

Hon. Member for East End

Hon. Member for Valley North

Hon. Member for Valley South

Hon. Member for Road North

Hon. Member for Road North

Hon. Member for Road South

Hon. Member for West End

Hon. First Nominated Member

Hon. Second Nominated Member

Hon. Deputy Governor

Hon. Attorney General

The Judiciary

The judiciary is responsible for dispensing justice in the territory and ensuring the rule

of law. Identify the following members of the judiciary

Hon. Justice: - ________________________________________________

Senior Magistrate _____________________________________________

Magistrate: _____________________________________________

High Court

Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-

member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Anguilla; the ECSC -

headquartered on St. Lucia - is headed by the Chief Justice and is comprised of four (4) Justices

of Appeal, nineteen (19) High Court Judges; and three (3) Masters, who are primarily

responsible for procedural and interlocutory matters. The High Court Judges are each assigned

28

to, and reside in, the various Member States. A legally trained Registrar who coordinates the

provision of the necessary administrative and legal support for the functioning of the High

Court heads the High Court Registry.

Judge selection and term of office:

Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen

Elizabeth II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services

Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at

age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62

Subordinate courts: Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court

The judiciary consists of the judges of the Supreme Court and the magistrates of the

Magistrate Court. The judges and magistrates are appointed independently of the

Legislature and the Executive in accordance with law and can only be removed in

exceptional circumstances.

Anguilla Constitution

A constitution is defined as fundamental and entrenched rules governing the conduct of an

organisation or nation state, and establishing its concept, character and structure.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/constitution.html#ixzz3cJZ223hv

29

Let us examine The Anguilla Constitution Order 1982 and Draft

Anguilla Constitution 2009. What are the changes made in the draft? Complete the following

table

Constitution Difference between 1982 and draft 2009

Anguilla Commission Order 1982 Additions or omissions

Chapter One: Protection of Fundamental Rights

and freedom

Included in the 2009 Draft: Protection of the

rights of prisoners’ humane treatment.

Establishment of a Human Rights Commission

Chapter Two: The Governor

Chapter Three: The Executive

Chapter Four: The House of Assembly

Chapter Five: Powers and Procedure in the

House of Assembly

Chapter Six: The Public Service

Chapter Seven: Miscellaneous

Separation of Powers

Separation of powers is concerned with the division of government responsibilities into

separate entities to prevent any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.  The

intent is to avert the concentration of power and provide for monitoring and evaluation.

As indicated earlier the legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and

ensuring that there are sufficient funds to operate the government. The Executive branch is

responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the

legislative branch.  The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and

laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

30

Although the separation of powers is important for the efficient running of the government,

democratic systems cannot exist with an absolute separation of powers or an absolute lack

of separation of powers. Governmental powers and responsibilities are integrated so there is

no room for absolute compartmentalisation. Therefore we would see some measure of

competition and conflict among the branches of government. 

Understanding of the Roles and Functions of the Anguilla Civil Service

The Anguilla Civil Service is subdivided into ministries each of which is headed by a Minister

of Government. Each ministry is further subdivided into departments. The only exception is the

Department of Public Administration, which is not attached to a ministry, but is the direct

responsibility of the Deputy Governor to whom the Governor has delegated that responsibility.

The Department of Public Administration attends to personal and professional matters

pertaining to the entire Anguilla Public Service; these include the issuance of appointment

forms, vacation and other forms of leave, transfers, promotions, compensation, discipline,

among others. The other ministries and departments focus on particular areas of responsibility,

portfolios or subsections of the wider public service. The Organisational Chart for the Anguilla

Public Service9 out lines the duties of the public servants.

Unless otherwise provided for in the Constitution, all appointments to the Anguilla Public

Service are made by the Governor acting after consultation with the Public Service

Commission. The Public Service Commission acts in accordance with the Public Service

Commission Regulations. The conditions of service for public officers, instructions for the

conduct of business (public & private) in addition to other miscellaneous matters are embodied

in regulations, which are known as General Orders ( Source

http://www.gov.ai/documents/EmployeeHandbook08.pdf)

9 http://www.gov.ai/dg/documents/orgChart.pdf

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Unit summary

Summary

In this unit we explored the Westminster system of governance. We also

situated Anguilla within this system. It was noted that this system of

governance is complex and interconnected.

End of Unit Activity

You are required to conduct some research on the history of Anguilla’s

Constitution. Ensure that you include:

Historical issues.

The role of the Commonwealth

How does the present constitution facilitate youth participation in

governance?

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Unit 4

Being an Effective Parliamentarian: Part 1

Introduction

An effective youth parliamentarian must demonstrate a working knowledge of and respect for

the parliamentary rules and procedures. He/she must demonstrate competent debating and

communication skills. He/she must have an excellent grasp of the subject matter being

considered. He/she must demonstrate respect for the dissenting views and possess the ability to

listen, assimilate, interpret and articulate the views of his/her constituents. The following are

some tips to being an effective parliamentarian:

Stay grounded

Remember, you are a representative and therefore you are serving the interests of your constituents and

the youth of Anguilla, generally. Do not lose touch with your peers, family and friends. Stay humble!

Be accurate and stay informed

Spend time reading, researching, listening and learning. Ensure speeches and other public remarks are

factually correct.  Never stop accessing opportunities in which to learn new ideas.  Participate in youth

and other relevant meetings and conferences to develop knowledge and expertise.

Learn the rules of the House

Know and use the rules and procedures of the parliament to great effect.

Consult the Speaker and the Clerk

When in doubt consult the Speaker. Seek the Speaker’s advice and permission if you wish to venture

into uncharted territory or you are not clear about an interpretation of the rules.

Understand the art of networking and negotiations

It is said some of the most important parliamentary debates are those that take place behind the closed

doors. Using the art of persuasion you can help build consensus on issues or assist your team to

demonstrate a semblance of orderliness in their contribution

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Upon completion of this unit you will be able to:

Outcomes

Demonstrate the skills and competencies necessary to be an

effective youth parliamentarian

Articulate the purpose of the youth parliament

Articulate the role of the youth parliament as a tool to

facilitate youth participation

Explain the structure of the youth parliament

Explain the relationship between the Anguilla Legislative

Council and Anguilla Youth Parliament

Youth Parliament as an instrument to facilitate youth participation and empowerment

A critical aspect of youth empowerment is informed young people having access to

opportunities, and actively participating in and influencing political, governance and

development processes. One such opportunity is active participation in a youth parliament

programme. Effectively functioning youth parliament allows young people to acquire crucial

analytical, communication, advocacy, negotiation and leadership skills. It also facilitates an

enhanced understanding of the functions and functioning of critical governance systems,

processes and policies.

Please see the following link:

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/youth/fact-sheets/youth-political-

participation.pdf

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Structure of the Youth Parliament

1. The Anguilla Youth Parliament shall be structured and operated in accordance

with the rules and procedures governing the Anguilla Legislative Assembly.

2. The business of the youth parliament shall be conducted in accordance with

Anguilla Legislative Assembly (procedures) Rules.

3. The election and appointment of members to serve in the youth parliament shall,

wherever applicable, be conducted in accordance with the rules, regulations and

procedures governing General Elections in Anguilla.

4. Technical and administrative support services to facilitate the smooth

functioning of the youth parliament shall be provided by the Government of

Anguilla through the Office of the Speaker of Anguilla’s House of Assembly and

the Department of Youth and Culture (Youth Affairs Division).

5. The Clerk of the Anguilla House of Assembly shall generally be responsible for

the administrative and logistical arrangements of the youth parliament. He/she

shall co-ordinate and facilitate the day-to-day operations of the youth parliament

in collaboration with DYC and ANYC. He/she shall ensure the necessary

support (technical or administrative) is provided to the members of the Anguilla

Youth Parliament. He/she shall advise the DYC and ANYC on matters relevant

to the operations of the Anguilla National Youth Parliament

Composition of Youth Parliament

The youth parliament shall comprise of seven (7) elected, two (2) Ex-Officio members

and two (2) nominated members. A two-tiered process, involving the selection of the

two (2) nominated members and seven (7) elected members shall apply.

http://www.gov.ai/documents/Elections_Guidelines_14_11_14.pdf

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Unit summary

Summary

In this unit we examined the skills and competencies needed to become

an effective youth parliamentarian. We were also able to explain the

composition of the parliament. In the next unit more effective skills will

be examined.

End of Unit Activity

Panel Discussion: The Panel will discuss the following.

How can the youth parliament facilitate youth participation and

development in Anguilla?

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Unit 5

Being an Effective Parliamentarian: Part 2

Introduction

As a young parliamentarian you will need to develop some pertinent skills to ensure that you are

successful. In this unit you will be exposed to a variety of skills that will facilitate the process. We

will explore basic research skills, report writing, effective communication, effective debating skills,

Drafting parliamentary bills and effective use of social media.

Upon completion of this unit you will be able to:

Outcomes

Conduct simple parliamentary research.

Use the guidelines to write effective reports.

Display effective communication skills.

Use the guidelines to debate a motion.

Explain how laws are made.

Use social media responsibly.

Effective Research Skills

Youth parliamentarians need to have access to timely, relevant and empirical data to make sound

decisions. Access to data is important to highlight policy decisions and articulate consequences for

policy decisions. As young parliamentarians you must understand clearly the information you need to

make the decision and have the research competencies to ensure that you can provide independent

sources of information on the Anguillan issues.

Research is the systematic collection, analysis and presentation of data on an issue of interest. The

objective of research is to clarify issues that you may be ambiguous and to find answers to questions.

As parliamentarians you may be involved in either basic or applied research. Basic research adds to

the literature on the issue under investigation. Applied research involves problem solving. Whatever

the type of research engaged in, you must note that it is systematic and careful planning is needed to

37

conduct research successfully. To achieve your desired results you need to ensure that the basic steps

are considered.

1. Identify the research problem or research question.

2. Formulate the research design; this involves the planning of the data collection strategies, the

sampling strategies, data management and analysis.

3. Gather sufficient data to answer the research questions or understand the issue under investigation.

4. Code and analyse the data that will allow you to make sense of the issue.

5. Interpret the results and write the report.

There are some specific tools you will need to conduct effective research. The following figure

illustrates the tools you will need.

Activity:

How can you use the tools of research effectively?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

There are some basic skills needed to conduct research effectively, scientific skills and creative

skills.10

10 http://www.parliamentarystrengthening.org/committeesmodule/pdf/UNIT%204.pdf

Library and its resources/computer software Measurement TechniquesStatistics or narratives Clarity of language

Research Tools

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Report Writing

A report is a systematic and well-organised document which defines and analyses a subject or

problem, and which may include the following: -

The explanation or record of a sequence of events.

The presentation of facts or the results of research conducted.

Decision of the outcomes of a decision or course of action, conclusions and

recommendations.

When writing a report you need to ensure that you are accurate, concise, clear and well structured.

There is no set format for writing a report. However, there are general elements that must be included

in the report. The main elements of a report are as follows.

Element Definition

Title • For a short report you include in the front cover any information

that you feel is necessary. This would include the author(s) and

the date prepared.

• In a longer report, you may include a table of contents and a

definition of terms

Summary • Include a summary of the major points, conclusions, and

recommendations.

• It has to be concise and gives general overview of the report.

• Some people will read the summary and only skim the report.

• Ensure you include all the relevant information.

• It is recommended that you write this last so you will include

everything, especially the main points.

Introduction • You must include an introduction of the report  In the introduction

you explain the problem and explain to the reader the rationale for

the report.

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• You need to give a definition of terms if you did not include these

in the title section.

• Eplain how the details of the report are arranged.

Body • This is the main section of the report.

• The previous sections needed to be written in plain English, but

this section can include parliamentary jargon.

• Ensure that you include sub-sections, with each having a subtitle.

• Arrange the information in order of importance with the most

important information coming first.

Conclusion • You bring all the ideas together in the conclusion. Ensure that this

section is clear because most people will read the Summary and

Conclusion.

Recommendations • This must also be very clear. You explain your recommendations,

putting them in order of priority.

References and

Appendices

• This includes the information that the experts in the field will read.

It has all the technical details that support your conclusions.

• The reference list will give the readers an indication of the

literature you used in the report.

A good report will be written in simple language. Your aim is not to impress your reader but to

communicate your issue effectively. Use short sentences and ensure that you are to the point.

Avoid giving unnecessary details unless it is needed. Make sure every word needs to be there,

that it contributes to the purpose of the report. Edit the report to ensure that there are no or very

few grammatical errors. Get someone to proofread because the computer is not able to identify

all the errors, especially with words like “red, read” or “there, their.”

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Effective Communication Skills

We hear only half of what is said to us, understand only half of that, believe only half of that and

remember only half of that.11

The above quote gives us an idea of the complexity of communication. Although it seems

simple it is very easy to make unnecessary communication blunders. Some of the blunders

include the messages we want to send, the messages we really send and how the receiver

interprets the message sent. Effective communication will help you as YMP’s build trust and

respect, facilitate learning and help you achieve your goals. Written, oral and body language are

effective communication tools you can use to share your ideas, feelings and commitment. Your

group of young MPs will comprise people who share common interests and commitments and

yet perhaps you may have diverging views. Effective communication is therefore a way to help

you understand issues and make decisions for effective governance.

View the following Video that speaks to effective communication. The video also

speaks to the six pillars of effective communication: assertiveness, authenticity, open-

mindedness, empathy, clarity and listening. Reflect on the way you interact with others. Which

skills are holding you back? How would you improve them?

https://youtu.be/XCc6-qr0Gww

Steps in Effective Communication

Step 1: Acknowledge the thoughts, ideas and feelings first. You must demonstrate your

willingness to listen to others. You may use nods, and comments that indicate that you

recognise the validity of the speaker’s feelings. For example, “ Sounds like you are very

concerned about this.”

Step 2: Rephrase what was communicated. One powerful component of active listening is

you paraphrasing what was said. To paraphrase you need to repeat what the speaker is

11 Walker, K. (2002). Communications Basics LEADS Curriculum Notebook Unit II, Module 2-1 (p.2). Kansas state University.

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saying in your own words without adding anything that is not said. For example, “I am

hearing you saying that you are not sure whether the young people in your community will

support the proposed bill. Am I correct?”

Step 3: Ask an open-ended question. This question does not require a yes or no answer.

You are testing your interpretation of the message especially if you are lost in the

conversation. You ask relevant open-ended questions that begin with, “what”, “how”,

please explain” or “describe”. For example, “How will it affect the young people in your

community?”

Step 4: Summarise and Clarify. Here you pull together what was said and make sure that

what the speaker said is what he or she intended to say. For example, “ You mentioned

talking to the young people in your community to get their commitment on the proposed

Bill. What might be some other options?”

Step 5: Give an opinion. You need to proceed with caution when you give an opinion.

You ask the speaker whether he or she wants to hear your opinion. For example, “ Would

you like to hear my perspective on the matter?” Let it go if the speaker says no.

Let’s practice your communication skills. Task: Work in pairs for this activity.

You are concerned about the young people in your community’s commitment to the

proposed cell phone Bill. Conduct a conversation about this concern. Use the steps above

to practice. You take turns being the speaker and the listener.

Body language

We communicate effectively through body language as much as we do with words. Your

body language includes your facial expression, eye contact, and stance. In addition the

movement of arms, hands or legs give your audience an impression of you. You must be

aware of what your body language will communicate to others. The following video

illustrates the importance of body language. What are some issues that you were able to

identify in the video?

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https://youtu.be/ZZZ7k8cMA-4

What is this picture telling you about the

group?

Debating Skills

Now that you have acquired effective communication skills we will now examine how you

will use these skills to debate as a YMP. The Basics of British Debates12 explain some

procedures used in the UK Parliament.

12 http://uwodebate.com/?p=71

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Reading: Debating Tutorial Handouts: http://flynn.debating.net/handbook.pdf

UK Debate https://youtu.be/rqYdnF8EIpI

What are some skills evident in the video? How can you utilise these skills as an Anguillan

Youth Member of Parliament?

Drafting of parliamentary bills

Major laws in Anguilla are presented in Parliament in the form of bills. When the bills go

through all of the stages they become Acts of Parliament. The following video explains how

Bills become law in the UK.

How a Bill becomes a Law https://youtu.be/1KFGt9M-j28. This process is similar

to the development of a Bill in Anguilla. Watch the video and identify the common features

evident in Anguilla’s Parliament.

Reading

How Laws are made. This article explains the drafting of Bills.

http://www.parliament.uk/education/about-your-parliament/how-

laws-are-made/

Which Laws would you change if you could?

Law Yes/No/Not Sure Why

44

Change school leaving age

Raise the age at which you can

drive

Add some more laws.

Effective Use of Social Media

You may have social media accounts such as Facebook and Twitter.

To protect your privacy it is advisable that you separate your personal

life and your professional life. Ensure that you continue to follow the

code of conduct. For example, refrain from posting your political

views on social media. We acknowledge that everyone has a

political view but as a YMP you must appear to remain natural at all

times. If you do not you will compromise the Youth Parliament.

Let us discuss some ways you can misuse social media as

a Youth Parliamentarian.

45

Unit summary

Summary

In this unit you learned the importance of basic research for

parliamentarians. You are reminded that effective communication

is necessary to ensure clarity in the delivery of your presentations.

The importance of report writing and the development of bills are

also articulated in this unit. In essence you were presented with a

variety of skills that are necessary for your success as a YMP.

End of Unit Activity

How important is research to a parliamentary committee.

Activity: Identify an issue that is being discussed in parliament. Conduct

relevant research to help you understand the issues. Answer the

following:

1. What is the issue under investigation?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

_____________________

2. What do I know about the issue?

46

Definition of Parliamentary Terms

Term Explanation

Act A bill that has received Royal Assent and has become a law.

Ballot A sheet of paper that lists the names of all candidates standing for election

Bicameral

A Legislature that has two law-making Houses or Chambers. For example, the

Parliament of Saint Lucia is bicameral it has both the House of Assembly and

the Senate.

Bill A proposed law

Cabinet

A group of MPs that is made up of the Chief Minister and the Cabinet

Ministers.

The Cabinet decides the government’s priorities and policies and decides which

bills will be presented to parliament. The Cabinet is sometimes referred to as

the Executive Council.

Cabinet

Minister

An MP that serves as the head of a ministry for example, the Ministry of

Education

Candidate A person who is running in an election.

Caucus All elected members from the same political party

Chamber

The room in the legislative building where MPs meet to debate and make laws

for the country.

Clerk

The person who advises the Speaker and the MPs on the rules and procedures of

parliament. The Clerk also counts the votes in the Chamber, monitors time

during debates, and swears in newly-elected MPs

Committee

A small group of MPs from all political parties that meet to discuss bills.

Members of the public can share their thoughts and ideas about a bill during

most committee meetings.

Constituency

A geographic area of Anguilla that is represented by an elected MP in the

Legislative

Assembly. Anguilla is divided into 7 constituencies, also called electoral

districts. A person who lives in a constituency is called a constituent.

Debate An organized discussion where participants present different opinions.

Democracy A form of government where citizens elect representatives to govern and make

47

decisions

on their behalf

Deputy

Speaker

An MP who fulfils the Speaker’s duties when the Speaker is unavailable to

preside

over the debates in the Chamber.

Elections

A process where citizens vote for a candidate to represent their constituency in

the

parliament. In Anguilla, an election is usually held every five years.

Governor The person who represents The Queen in Anguilla.

Government The political party with the greatest number of elected members.

Hansard

The word-for-word printed record of the daily proceedings in the Chamber and

committees. Hansard is named after the family that began the tradition of

recording the proceedings in the British House of Commons.

House

Another term for the Legislative Assembly of Anguilla. It can alsobe referred to

the Chamber,

where the Legislative Assembly meets.

Legislative

process The process by which bills are approved by parliament and become laws.

Majority

government

When the governing party holds more than half of the seats in the House, it is

called

a majority government.

Member

Parliament

(MP)

A person who is elected to represent the concerns of their constituents in

Anguilla parliament and at home in their constituency.

Ministry

A government department that is in charge of one or several government’s

responsibilities. For example,

the Ministry of Education.

Minority

government

If the government party holds less than half of the seats in the House, it is

called a minority government

Non-partisan A person who is not affiliated with a political party.

Opposition

All political parties and independent MPs who do not belong to the governing

party.

A person who is affiliated with a political party and supports that party’s

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References

CCYD. (2010). Eye on the Future: Investing in Youth Now for Tomorrow's Community. Report of

the CARICOM Commission on Youth Development (CCYD). Georgetown: CARICOM

Secretariat.

Charles, H.W.& Jameson-Charles, M. (2014). Youth Development Policy and Practice in the

Commonwealth Caribbean: A Historical Evolution. Social and Economic Studies, 63

(3&4), 23-57.

Commonwealth Secretariat (2013) ‘Youth Development Index Report’; London: Commonwealth

Secretariat

Commonwealth Secretariat (2007) ‘Plan of Action for Youth Empowerment 2007-2015’; London:

Commonwealth Secretariat

Commonwealth Youth Programme/UNICEF (2005) ‘Youth Participation Toolkit’; London:

Commonwealth Secretariat

UN (1995) ‘World Programme of Action for Youth to the Year 2000 and Beyond’; New York:

UN.

UN (2013) ‘2013 Millennium Development Goal report’; New York: 2013 Millennium

Development Goal report

UNFPA/ FHI (2008) ‘Youth Participation Guide – Assessment, Planning and Implementation’;

New York: UNFPA. UNICEF (2006) ‘Child and Youth Participation Resource Guide’:

http : // www . unicef . org / adolescence / cypguide / index _ child _ led . html

World Bank (2007) ‘World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation’;

Washington: World Bankhttp :// www

World Bank (2003) ‘ Caribbean Youth Development: Issues and Options’; Washington: World

Bank

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