Title of the Project Thesis

ATISH DIPANKAR BIGGAYAN O PROJUKTI

BISHAWBIDYALAY

B.Sc. IN TEXTILE ENGINEERING

PROJECT ON

EFFECT OF M: L RATIO ON SUMIFIX AND JAMAFIX(YELLOW,RED,BLUE)DYES

SUPERVISED BY

MD. ASIB IQBALLECTURER

DEPERTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING ATISH DIPANKAR BIGGAYAN O PROJUKTI

BISHAWBIDYALAYBANANI.DHAKA-1217

SUBMITED BY:

MD.RUHUL AMIN ROELID NO: 103-290-007

SEMISTER: FALL-2014

ATISH DIPANKAR BIGGAYAN O PROJUKTI BISHAWBIDYALAY

B.Sc. IN TEXTILE ENGINEERING

PROJECT ON

EFFECT OF M: L RATIO ON SUMIFIX AND JAMAFIX (YELLOW,RED,BLUE)DYES.

SUPERVISED BY:

MD. ASIB IQBALLECTURER

DEPERTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERINGATISH DIPANKAR BIGGAYAN O PROJUKTI

BISHAWBIDYALAYBANANI, DHAKA-1217

SUBMITED BY:MD.RUHUL AMIN ROBEL

ID NO: 103-290-007SEMISTER: FALL-2014

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TITLE OF THE PROJECT THESIS

Effect Of M:L Ratio On Jamafix And Sumifix

(Red,Yellow,Blue) Dyes

Page-4ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All thanks are due to almighty "Allah"the most beneficial and merciful who enable us to complete this project.

The completion of this project is perceived as the fruithful result of and

incredible effort,devotion and hard work.It can be stated without any hesitation that this thesis is the out come of the join effort of all concerned by successfully negotiating the various tedious problem and hardles.

We are particularly thankful of lecturer Md.Asib Iqbal sir my project advisor for the guidance and valuable co-operation render by him at any stage regarding this project.He fully indulged himself to facilitate our job whenever approached him to seek guidance regarding this study.

I am really greatfull to the honorable DGM Md. Hadi sir, PnR Industies Ltd. and management outhority who as permitted me for doing this course.Also goes to heartfull thanks to PM Md.Khorshed Alom sir and Lab Incharge Sree Indrozeet Dev sir, PnR Industries Ltd.

Special thanks are reserved for the Head of Textile Engineering Department of Atish Dpankar Biggayan O Projukti Bishawbiddalay(ADBPB) for encouraging and motivating throughout the successful completion of this project.We are very thankful to each and very person of who make ourselves very comfortable during our whole internship program,who led us to complete this project work.

Faculty of Textile Engineering Atish Dipankar Biggayan O Projukti

Bishawbiddalay.

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ABSTRACT

The objective of our project was to compare among different M:L ratio dyeing methods of cotton yarn with Sumifix and Jamafix(Yellow,Red,Blue)dyes.

After dyeing the dyed sample were subjected to several tests- 1. Color fastness to light. 2. Color fastness to rubbing. 3. Color fastness to washing 4. Process effectiveness 5. Cost analysis

Finally from the overall comparison for different M:L ratio processes.

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Table of Content

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SN. Topics Page1 Title Of Project

2 Abstract3 Acknowledgement

4 General Introduction

5 Litarature Reniew

6 Materials And Methods

7 Result And Discussion

8 Conclusion

9 Referances

List Of Figure

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List Of Figure

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CHAPTER-01

GENERALINTRODUCTION

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The project work, which builds understanding, skill & attitude of the performer, which improves his knowledge in boosting productivity & services. Thesis work provides us vast theoretical as well as more practical knowledge; which helps us to be familiar with technical support of modern technology, skillness about various processing stages. My project work is Effect Of M:L Ratio On Sumifix And Jamafix(Yellow,Red,Blue) Dyes. To complete this project work effectively we have to know about some important points, such as : cotton yarn, sumifix and jamafix dyes, dyeing fastnees, dyeing procedure. Now-a-days cotton yarn is used extensively in textile field.. So my project work is an effective one. Sumifix and jamafix dyeing is probably the best described as an industrial art, having an assured future. The introduction of sumifix and jamafix dyes for cotton yarn has given the dyer the possibility of using only one type of dye & simple application conditions, in place of the necessary at one time. We have prepared this report sincerely as required on completion of our project work according to the guideline given by our supervising teacher, which will lead to a strong guideline & milestone for our future carrier.

Objectives of our Project:

1. To compare the effect of m:l ratio different process of cotton yarn dyeing .2. To analyze the cost of dyeing of each mehtod of dyeing 3. To assess the color fastness properties of dyed cotton yarn using different dyeing method 4. To find out the overall comparison.

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CHAPTER-02

LITERATURE REVIEW

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Fibre,Yarn,Dyes

Overview :

The starting point for any textile or apparel product is the raw fiber. To go from fiber to finished garment, the process is generally as follows:

1. Fibers are most commonly transformed into yarn (exceptions will be discussed below).

2. Yarns are intertwined by either a weaving or a knitting process to form fabrics, or knit directly into garments.

3. Fabrics are cut into garment components; components are sewn into garments.

4. Garments may be embroidered, dyed, “stone washed,” or otherwise further processed.

Color may be imparted to a fabric at the fiber, yarn, fabric, and / or assembled garment stage through dyeing and / or printing processes.

Fibers: Fibers are the raw material for any textile product. They are thin, flexible, hair – like strands of matter that range in length from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters. Short fibers (from a few to many centimeters in length) are called staple fibers. Long, continuous fibers are called filament fibers. fibers, depending upon their source and chemical make up. There are four common types of natural fibers:

• cotton, • wool,

• silk, and • flax (linen).

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Fibre are generally classified into two categories:

Natural, and Man-made.

Both natural and man – made fibers are further classified into:

• cellulosic (plant fibers) and • non – cellulosic (animal, mineral,

or synthetic)

fibers, depending upon their source and chemical make up. There are four common types of natural fibers:

• cotton, • wool, • silk, and • flax (linen).

Other less common natural fibers include animal hairs such as vicuna, camel hair, mohair, alpaca, cashmere. Depending upon their source and chemical make up, natural and man – made fibers are each further classified as-

• cellulosic (plant fibers) and • non – cellulosic (animal, mineral,

or synthetic).

Man – made fibers are generally produced by extruding a chemical solution through a spinaret. The process is similar to that used to make spaghetti noodles, resulting in long, continuous filaments that may be used in filament form or cut into short staple lengths and spun like a natural fiber.

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Textile manufacturers engineer fabrics to have certain characteristics, according to the needs of the end – user. Fabric to be used in apparel will be engineered for comfort. Depending upon the intended use of the garment (e.g. children’s play clothes, or ladies’ evening wear) certain characteristics may be more important, or less important (durability, washability, fabric luster or shine.) This engineering process begins with the careful selection of fibers, according to their characteristics, and continues through the choice of yarn type and size, method of fabric construction, dye selection and dyeing or printing methods, and so on.

Chemical characteristics:

Fibers may be categorized as being hydrophilic (easily absorbing water), hydrophobic (not easily absorbing water), or oleophilic (easily absorbing oil, and hence oily stains). Such differences play a key role in how easily a fabric or garment may become soiled, whether it absorbs oily substances that easily stain or mark a fabric and may be difficult to remove. They play a vital role in whether a garment can be laundered (washed with water and detergent) or must be dry cleaned with chemical solvents. Many consumers dislike the latter because of the expense and concerns about the environmental impact of chemicals used in the dry cleaning process.

Most natural fibers are hydrophilic, that is to say they absorb water easily. Polyester is notably oleophilic, meaning it easily absorbs oil, making it less desirable for certain types of apparel or home furnishings uses. These characteristics also make it important for manufacturers to select the proper dyes for coloring a yarn or fabric, as the chemical make – up of the dye must be compatible with the chemical make – up of the fiber (whether the fiber is natural or man – made). If a garment is to be dyed after assembly (either garment dyed or over – dyed), it

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is particularly critical that the thread used for sewing the garment be made from a fiber with the same characteristics and dyeability as the fabric. Otherwise, quality problems will occur during the dyeing process, causing unsightly color defects in the finished garment. This is equally important in selecting embroidery threads for any fabrics or garments that will be dyed after being embroidered. It is also vitally important to consider fiber content when selecting fibers to be used in swimwear. It can be expected that swimwear will be exposed over prolonged periods of time to salt water, chlorine, and sun. Any one of these in isolation or in combination can be highly degrading to certain fibers (and dyes). Care should be taken to select those fibers (hence fabrics) that can withstand such agents without degradation or loss of quality.

Physical characteristics:

Each type of fiber also has its own physical characteristics of strength, luster, softness or rigidity, surface feel, etc. This makes some fibers more suitable to certain types of apparel than others. For example, cultivated silk is known for its smoothness and luster, but many animal hairs (wool, camel, etc.) often have a scratchy feel due to their irregular, scaly surface.

An overview of fiber characteristics follows. Fashion and clothing designers will select and specify a particular type of fabric, including its fiber content, yarn size, method of fabric construction, dye type, and dyeing or printing method according to the characteristics s/he wants in the finished garment. Designers wanting a finished garment that is cool, comfortable, and easily washed may select a100% cotton, or a blended fabric (two or more fiber types in the same yarn or fabric) containing a high Prepared by Margaret Bishop and Brent Smith for the West Africa Trade Hub 8/04 3

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color, luster, but less

Table 1. Typical

characteristics of common textile fibers Fiber

Strength

Feel / Comfo

rt

Luster

Cotton Low, especi

ally when wet

Comfortable, especially in heat

Average

Wool Low, especi

ally when wet

Scratchy,

uncomfortabl

e in heat

Low

Silk High Smooth,

comfortable

in heat and cold

High

Polyester High Uncomfortabl

e in heat

Varies

Nylon High Smooth,

uncomfortabl

e in heat

High

concerned with washability, may select silk. Designers wanting ease of care may select nylon or polyester fibers. A table of characteristics of several commonly used fibers follows.

Page-17 Fiber identification: Each specific type of fiber can be easily and clearly identified by various visual, tactile, physical, and chemical tests. It should be noted, however, that sometimes more than one type of fiber may give the same results when tested using a certain method. Therefore, it may be necessary to conduct two or more different tests to determine the exact identification of the fiber. US law requires that all manufactured apparel sold in the United States carry a permanent label clearly stating the fiber content and care instructions for the garment. Apparel manufacturers should test incoming raw materials for their fiber content, or require that their suppliers provide proof of testing and results. A word of caution. Companies purchasing yarn or fabric described as, “silk,” “China silk,” “silky,” or “silken” should take care to have the fiber content tested and verified by an accredited third party lab. These terms are often used incorrectly and / or in purposely misleading ways to make buyers believe a particular yarn is silk when it is a different fiber. Similarly, companies buying yarns or fabrics labeled as “linen” should have the fiber content verified by testing at an independent lab as many less expensive fibers may be substituted for linen.

Yarn:

Most fibers are too short to be of any use in their original form. They must be formed into yarn to be of real value in textile or apparel manufacturing. In order to form a yarn with sufficient strength and uniformity, the fibers must be straightened and aligned in a parallel orientation. Bundles of fiber must be twisted slightly, elongated, twisted again and elongated more,

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until the yarns form a thin, tight yarn suitable for weaving or knitting. It is the twist that holds the individual fibers together and gives strength to the yarn. More highly twisted yarns are generally stronger than less highly twisted yarns of the same fiber type and size. However, if the yarn is twisted too much, it becomes less pliable, develops kinks, and becomes difficult to work with in a weaving loom or knitting frame, ultimately causing quality problems in the fabric.

Yarn Manufacturing:

Although there may be some technology, terminology, or process differences between yarn manufacturing systems for cotton, wool, linen, spun synthetics (e.g. spun polyester, acetate, etc.) or other fiber types, the general steps and workflow are similar. The general steps are:

1. Cleaning (removing dirt and debris) 2. Blending fibers 3. Aligning fibers and forming loose web or mass of fibers. 4. Elongating mass of fibers 5. Spinning, twisting to lock fibers together 6. Plying two or more yarns into one.

Step 1, Cleaning:

All natural fibers must be cleaned and separated before processing. Seeds (e.g. cotton) must be removed, dirt and other foreign matter must be removed (plant and animal fibers). Processing fibers without properly or thoroughly cleaning

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them causes very poor quality yarn not suitable for apparel. Bales of raw fiber are opened and fed into machines that separate dirt and debris from fiber. Step 2, Blending:

In order to achieve a better combination of desirable characteristics in a yarn or fabric, manufacturers often blend two or more fiber types (or lengths) together into the one yarn. This is generally done at the fiber stage. Fibers are usually fed into a large (2,000 kg or larger) blending machine that mixes the fibers for an even distribution of each fiber type and / or length.

Step 3, Alignment:

Before fibers can be formed into a yarn, they must be aligned in parallel (or nearly parallel) orientation. Shorter fibers give significantly less strength to a finished yarn, so manufacturers maximize the length of each fiber by straightening it and laying it parallel to other fibers before beginning the yarn formation. Once aligned, the loose fibers form a wide, thick, fluffy mat with little or no strength. These mats of fiber are then pulled gently into a loose, rope – like cylinder a couple of centimeters in diameter, (about the diameter of a medium carrot) called a sliver.

Step 4, Elongating:

In order to give yarn strength, the slver must be further elongated and some twist must be imparted to hold the individual fibers together more tightly. The sliver is pulled (drawn) and twisted down to a roving, the size of an ordinary pencil.

Step 5, Spinning:

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The roving is drawn again, twisted tightly, forming a continuous thread – like yarn with substantially more strength than the roving. Different methods may be used for spinning, but ring – spinning and open – end spinning are the most common. After spinning, yarn is wound onto a thick cardboard or plastic cone, or onto a bobbin, depending upon how it will be used.

Left: cone of yarn: Step 6, Plying:

For greater strength, thickness, and at times certain other design characteristics, two or more yarns may be twisted together. Each individual yarn is then referred to as a “ply.” The number of plys is often noted in describing the yarn (e.g. a singles yarn denotes it has not been plyed; a two-ply yarn indicates two yarns have been twisted together into one,) Prepared by Margaret Bishop and Brent Smith for the West Africa Trade Hub 8/04 5

Yarn numbering systems

Different yarn numbering systems are used for cotton, linen, wool, and silk or synthetic yarns. Traditionally yarns have been bought and sold by weight rather than length. To further complicate matters, each yarn manufacturing system (cotton system, wool system, etc.) had its own unique measuring / numbering system to describe the weight (hence size) of the yarn produced. The various systems can be categorized as either direct yarn numbering systems, or indirect systems.

Direct systems:

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Direct yarn numbering systems quantify the weight per a standard length of yarn. As the weight of the yarn increases, so does the numerical value assigned. Silk and most synthetic yarns are measured using the direct system. One unit of measure is called denier. The weight of a yarn using this system is expressed as the number of grams (weight) per 9000 meters (length). The higher the denier of a yarn, the greater its weight (per given length of yarn), therefore the higher the denier, the heavier and often thicker the yarn. Indirect systems:

With indirect yarn numbering systems, the weight / length relationship is reversed. The larger the number assigned to a given yarn, the lighter (and generally thinner or finer) the yarn. While there are several different indirect systems, each based on one or another of the different yarn manufacturing systems (e.g. cotton, wool,…) the most commonly used today is the measurement system from the cotton system. Because cotton, wool, and linen yarns typically are plied (two or more individual yarns are twisted together to form a stronger, thicker yarn), the yarn numbering system derived from these manufacturing systems indicates the number of plys.

The cotton system, used for cotton yarns and cotton blend (e.g. cotton / polyester) yarns utilizes a two – part number, with the two numbers separated by a slash (/). The number preceding the slash indicates the length (in 840 yard lengths for the cotton system) per pound of yarn. The greater the length of yarn needed to weigh 1 pound, the lighter / finer the yarn. The number following the slash indicates the number of plys (individual yarns) used to make the final yarn. A 20/1 yarn is a single ply yarn. A 20/2 yarn is a two – ply yarn. As the yarn count increases, the weight (and generally the fineness) of the yarn decreases, hence the term “indirect numbering system.”

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Yarn system Weight per length

Number

Direct increases increases Indirect increases decreases

Yarn Preparation: Fabric manufacturing requires preparation of the yarn before the yarn can be interlaced (woven) or looped together (knit) to form the fabric. Yarn preparation involves several steps that vary depending upon whether the yarn will be used to weave or to knit a fabric. Because of the tension placed on warp yarn, and the abrasion it faces during the weaving process, warp yarn must be sized and / or lubricated for added strength, and so yarns will easily slip past one another during the weaving process without

catching and breaking. Generally starch is applied to the yarn, as well as some sort of slippery lubricating agent. This lubricant / starch is called “sizing.” Depending upon the type of fiber and yarn these may be added at various points during the yarn forming process. Sizing is not added to yarn used for knit fabrics. Cones of yarn are placed into a large frame called a creel. Each creel holds hundreds of individual cones, with guide wires to position each piece of yarn toward a device that winds yarn onto a large beam. A warp beam resembles a giant spool of thread, but with hundreds of individual yarns (ends) wound next to each other around the beam rather than one yarn wound around the spool. Each individual yarn is called an end. Normally there are between 19 and 70 ends per cm.

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CHAPTER-03

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Pge-24

List of dyes & chemicals which are used in my project work:

SN. Name Commercial name

Supplier

1 Yellow dyes

Y-EXF Sumifix co.

2 Red dyes R-EXF Sumifix co.

3 Blue dyes B-EXF Sumifix co.

4 Yellow dyes

Y-ED Jamafix Co.

5 Red dyes R-ED Jamafix Co.

6 Blue dyes B-ED Jamafix Co.

7 Argonal Soaping Agent

Dycin Co.

8 119 Fixing Agent Dycin Co.

9 RL Levelling Agent

T&T

10 HCOOH Levelling Agent

Dycin Co.

11 Sfter Washing Agent

Dycin Co.

12 H2O2 Levelling Agent

Dycin Co.

13 NaOH Levelling Dycin

Agent Co.14 Na2So4 Solt Dycin

Co.15 Na2Co3 Soda Dycin

Co.

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Procedure of the different dyeing method (1:6,1:8,1:10) with 10 gm cotton yarn:

(A)M:L Ratio 1:6 Sumifix dyes (Y-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes : Y-EXF(0.8%)

Yarn : 10 gmSolt : 3 gmSoda : 1.02 gmM:L : 1:6Time : 60 minTemp : 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (Y-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK. Page-27

-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash.-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

#Procedure dyeing curve:

60°×10 min

SoapingSoda (60°c)+

60°×20 min (Na2Co3) Softer(40°c)

20 min SaltRL(0.4%)+material (Na2So4) Washing agent+water used and cold

Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(B)M:L Ratio 1:8 Sumifix dyes (Y-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :Y-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:4 gmSoda:1.36 gmM:L:1:8Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (Y-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash.-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash.

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-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.


60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(C)M:L Ratio 1:10 Sumifix dyes (Y-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :Y-EXF(0.8%Yarn:10 gmSolt:5 gmSoda:1.7 gm

M:L:1:10Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (Y-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(D)M:L Ratio 1:6 Jamafix dyes (Y-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Jamafix dyes :Y-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:3 gm

Soda:1.02 gmM:L:1:6Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (Y-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(E)M:L Ratio 1:8 Jamafix dyes (Y-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Jamafix dyes :Y-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:4 gmSoda:1.36 gm

M:L:1:8Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (Y-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold was-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(F)M:L Ratio 1:10 Jamafix dyes (Y-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Jamafix dyes :Y-ED(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:5 gmSoda:1.7 gmM:L:1:10Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (Y-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 m

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(G)M:L Ratio 1:6 Sumifix dyes (R-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :R-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:3 gmSoda:1.02 gmM:L:1:6Time:60 minTemp:60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (R-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash.-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash


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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(H)M:L Ratio 1:8 Sumifix dyes (R-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :R-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:4 gmSoda:1.36 gmM:L:1:6Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (R-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash

-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.Page-41


60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(I)M:L Ratio 1:10 Sumifix dyes (R-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :R-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:5gmSoda:1.7 gmM:L:1:10Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (R-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(J)M:L Ratio 1:6 Jamafix dyes (R-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Jamafix dyes :R-ED(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:3 gmSoda:1.02 gmM:L:1:6Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (R-ED) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

Page-46

(K)M:L Ratio 1:8 Jamafix dyes (R-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:


#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (R-ED) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash.-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

Page-47


60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(L)M:L Ratio 1:10 Jamafix dyes (R-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:


#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (R-ED) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(M)M:L Ratio 1:6 Sumifix dyes (B-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :B-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:3 gmSoda:1.02 gmM:L:1:6Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (B-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

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(N)M:L Ratio 1:8 Sumifix dyes (B-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :B-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:4 gmSoda:1.36 gmM:L:1:8Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (B-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash

-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.Page-53


60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

Page-54

(O)M:L Ratio 1:10 Sumifix dyes (B-EXF) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :B-EXF(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:5 gmSoda:1.7gmM:L:1:10Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the sumifix dyes (B-EXF) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.

-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash

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60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

Page-56

(P)M:L Ratio 1:6 Jamafix dyes (B-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Jamafix dyes :B-ED(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:3 gmSoda:1.02 gmM:L:1:6Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (B-ED) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both

-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash

Page-57

-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.


60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

Page-58

(Q)M:L Ratio 1:8 Jamafix dyes (B-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Sumifix dyes :B-ED(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:4 gmSoda:1.36 gmM:L:1:8Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (Y-ED) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC-Then time check and sample OK.

-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

Page-59


60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

Page-60

(R)M:L Ratio 1:10 Jamafix dyes (B-ED) cotton yarn:-

#Recipe:

Jamafix dyes :B-ED(0.8%)Yarn:10 gmSolt:5 gmSoda:1.7 gmM:L:1:10Time:60 minTemp: 60ºC

#Procedure:

-At first take it RL levelling agent 0.4 %, 10 gm yarn ,and water put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 10 minutes.-Then the Jamafix dyes (B-ED) 0.8% put in the dye both.-This condition is kept for 20 minutes and dye both temperature is raised to 60ºC-Then the solt put in the dye bothThis condition is kept for 20 min at 60ºC-Then the soda put in the dye both-This condition is kept for 10 min at 60ºC

-Then time check and sample OK.-Then the washing agent used (soaping) 60ºC temperature and cold wash.-Then the softer used 40ºC temperature and cold wash-Then the sample is oven dry and compared standard.

Page-61


60°×10 min




Colour(0.8%) Wash.

10 minute

Page-62

CHAPTER-04

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Page-63

SAMPLE (10 gm yarn):#Dyeing of sample sumifix(Y-EXF)and jamafix(Y-ED) dyes:-

Dyes 0.8% 0.8% 0.8%

Sumifix dyes(Y-EXF)

Jamafix dyes(Y-ED)

Page-64

#Dyeing of sample sumifix(R-EXF)and jamafix(R-ED) dyes:-

Dyes 0.8% 0.8% 0.8%

Sumifix dyes(R-EXF)

Jamafix dyes(R-ED)

Page-65

#Dyeing of sample sumifix(B-EXF)and jamafix(B-ED) dyes:-

Dyes 0.8% 0.8% 0.8%

Sumifix dyes(B-EXF)

Jamafix dyes(B-ED)

Page-66

Dyes,Chemical And Auxiliaries Cost

Page-67

Only Dyeing Cost Sumifix And Jamafix(Yellow,Red,Blue)

gfhh

gh

Page-68

Only Chemical Cost

Page-69

Colour Fastness To Light(Lamp Test)

(1) Application:

Determine the colour fastness to light,with sumifix dyes(Y-EXF) m:l ratio 1:6 from 1:8 from 1:10 different light fastness percentage(%)

Apparatus Required:

Light fastness tester with lamp.

Report:

View the eye with m:l ratio 1:6 from 1:8 (0.5%) light and 1:8 from 1:10 (0.5%) light.

Page-70

(2) Application:

Determine the colour fastness to light,with sumifix dyes(Y-ED) m:l ratio 1:6 from 1:8 from 1:10 different light fastness percentage(%)

Apparatus Required:


Report:


Page-71

(3)Application:

Determine the colour fastness to light,with sumifix dyes(R-EXF) m:l ratio 1:6 from 1:8 from 1:10 different light fastness percentage(%)

Apparatus Required:


Report:


Page-72

(4) Application:

Determine the colour fastness to light,with sumifix dyes(R-ED) m:l ratio 1:6 from 1:8 from 1:10 different light fastness percentage(%)

Apparatus Required:


Report:


Page-73

(5 ) Application:

Determine the colour fastness to light,with sumifix dyes(B-EXF) m:l ratio 1:6 from 1:8 from 1:10 different light fastness percentage(%)

Apparatus Required:


Report:


Page-74

(6) Application:

Determine the colour fastness to light,with sumifix dyes(B-ED) m:l ratio 1:6 from 1:8 from 1:10 different light fastness percentage(%)

Apparatus Required:


Report:


Page-75

Light Fastness to grafics Design

(A)M:L ratio (0.5%,0.10%,0.15%) different (1:6 from 1:8 from 1:10)

with Sumifix Dyes:-

Page-76

Light Fastness to grafics Design

(B)M:L ratio (0.5%,0.10%,0.15%) defferant (1:6 from 1:8 from

1:10) with Jamafix Dyes:-

Page-77

Colour Fastness To Wash

Application:

Determine the colour fastness to wash with sumifix(Y-EXF,R-EXF,B-EXF) dyes and jamafix(Y-ED,R-ED,B-ED) dyes are between different wash fastness.

Required Materials:

(1)Sample :10 gm(2)Formic Acid (HCOOH)(3)Soaping Agent.(4)Fixing Agent(119)(5)Softner Agent.(6)Normal Cold Wash.

Required Instrument:

1.Shakar machine2.Dry Oven3.Lamp

Page-78

Procedure:

-At first take it HCOOH (Formic Acid) put in the both.-This condition is kept 50 c Temperature and cold wash.

-Then take it soaping agent and this condition is kept 60 c Temperature and cold wash.-Then the fixing agent (119) take it and this condition is kept 40 c Temperature and cold wash.-Then the softner agent take it and this condition is kept 40 c Temperature and normal cold wash.-Then go to dry oven and get knitting.

Report:

-Dry the specimen and get the and change the shade (lamp test).- Sumifix dyes (Y-EXF,R-EXF,B-EXF) and Jamafix dyes (Y-ED,R-ED,B-ED) are 10% colour fastness wash different sumifix dyes.-View the eye from lamp.

Page-79

CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION AND REMARKS

Page-80

From this comparative study among different dyeing method of cotton yarn dyeing with Sumifix and Jamafix (Yellow,Red,Blue) dyes we can submit that-

1. Different M:L ratio change with dyeing method.2. Colour fastness to light on chemical used.3. Colour fastness to washing on chemical used.4. Dyes,Chemical and Auxiliariys cost.5. Dyes,Chemical and Auxiliariys only for dyeing cost.

However, with this project work,we gained a great experience in my student life which will inspire us to do different studies in my future carrer.

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REFERENCES

1. Lewin, M.,. Pearce, E. M.: Fiber Chemistry: Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology (IV), Marcel Dekker Inc., 1985.

2. http://www.yarn.org/download.php?paper=1&paper_id=97_1_01

3. Chong, C.L., 1994, fibre dyeing, Textile Asia, 59-60

4. Hoechst MitsubibishiKasei Co. Ltd., 1993, Shingosen and its dyeing, Technical

5. Jerg, G. & Baumann, 1., 1990, A new generation of fabrics Textile Chemists & Colorists, 22, No. 12, 12-14

6. J. Gordon Cook : Hand book of Textile Fibres (vol. II-Man-Made Fibres)

7. Trotman, E. R., Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile Fibers, fourth edition, 1970.

8. Arthur D. Broadbent, The Basic Principles of Textile Coloration. Society of Dyers & Colourists, 2001

9. Dr. V. A. Shenai : Technology of Textile Processing

10. http://www.chemicals-technology.com

11.http://www.ifc.net.au/edit/library_fin_dye_finishing/DYEING.PDF

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12. http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2012/01/dyeing-of-cotton yarn-with.html

http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2012/01/dyeing-of-cotton

13. G Jerg and J Baumann, Text. Chem. Colorist, 22 (Dec 1990) 12

14. S Anders and W Schindler, Melliand Textilber., 78 (1997) 85.

15. B Glover, Colour Science ’98, Vol. 2, Ed. S M Burkinshaw (Leeds: Leeds Univ., 1999) 105.

16. Practical Dyeing ,Volume 1 - Dye Selection and Dyehouse Support By James Park and John Shore 2004 Society of Dyers and Colourists.

17. http://www.matexbd.com/auxiliaries/applicationwise/75-dyeing-chemicals

18. Textile science - E. P. G. Gohl, L. D. Vilensky

19.GIBBON,JE,Crimplene:profile of a yarn’s problems and success,Hos.Trade J,(1965)Sept.,110-112

20.LAW,I.M, Crimplene:a fiber legend (1981,June,78-81

21.COOKE,A.M.,A Handbook of textile fibre,(1968),Merrow,UK.

22.COLLER,A.M.,A Handbook of textiles,(1974),Pergamon press.

23.JOSEPH,M.L.,Introductory textile science,(1966),Rinehart and Winston.

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Title of the Project Thesis