Tintenbar to Ewingsdale - Vegetation Management Clearing and Grubbing … · · 2014-07-09Environmental work method statement ; ... Statement of Commitments ; ... The purpose of

PLAN-ENV FF01 [3.1] VMCGWMP.docx Page 1 of 96

PLAN-ENV-FF01 Vegetation Management

Clearing and Grubbing and Weed Management

(Including Plantation Material)

Pacific Highway Upgrade – Tintenbar to Ewingsdale

Client: Roads & Maritime Services

Document Number: PLAN-ENV-FF-001

3.1 23-Oct-12 For publication

Rev # Date Description of Change

-

Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing and Weed Management Plan Pacific Highway Upgrade – Tintenbar to Ewingsdale

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................ 1

2. CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF WEEDS............................................................................................. 53 2.1 Weed Classification.................................................................................................................................................. 532.2 Investigations to Date .............................................................................................................................................. 542.3 Weeds Identified on Site and Management Strategy................................................................................................ 542.3.1 Noxious weeds.................................................................................................................................................. 542.3.2 Environmental / agricultural weeds.................................................................................................................... 552.3.3 Aquatic weeds .................................................................................................................................................. 562.3.4 Plantation material ............................................................................................................................................ 572.4 Timing of Weed management .................................................................................................................................. 582.5 Weed Removal and Topsoil Management Flow Diagrams......................................................................................... 59

3. WEED REMOVAL METHODS .................................................................................................................................. 62 3.1 Mechanical Removal of Weeds ................................................................................................................................. 623.2 Chemical Treatment of Weeds ................................................................................................................................. 623.3 Weed management Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................................. 63

4. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................................... 82

Appendices

Attachment 1 FRM-ENV-FF-003 Pesticides Application and Record Sheet Attachment 2 Herbicides for Noxious Weeds Attachment 3 T2E Pacific Highway Upgrade Project: Weed Surveys 2012 (GeoLINK, 2012) Attachment 4 Additional Banana Information Attachment 5 EWMS-EW-001 Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing, Weed Management

PLAN-ENV-FF01 [3.1] VMCGWMP Page ii

CL


Acronyms and Glossary

APVMA Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus

BPL Baulderstone Pty Ltd

CEMP PLAN-ENV-001 Construction Environment Management Plan

Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum Camphora )

VMCGWMP Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing, Weed Management Plan

D&C Design and Construct

DECCW Former Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (now Office of Environment and Heritage)

DPI Department of Primary Industries

EA Environmental Assessment

EEC Endangered Ecological Community

EPA Environment Protection Authority

ESCP Erosion and Sediment Control Plan

ERSED Erosion and Sediment

EWMS Environmental work method statement

FFMSP PLAN-ENV-004 Flora and Fauna Management Sub-Plan

LGA Local Government Area

MCoA Minister’s Conditions of Approval

NW Noxious Weeds

OEH NSW Office of Environment and Heritage

OH&S Occupational Health and Safety

RMS NSW Roads and Maritime Services (formerly RTA)

RTA Roads and Traffic Authority

SoCs Statement of Commitments

SWTC Scope of Works and Technical Criteria

SWMP PLAN-ENV-007 Soil and Water Management Plan

T2E Pacific Highway Upgrade: Tintenbar to Ewingsdale

Tree Includes a shrub

UDLP Urban Design and Landscape Plan

WONS Weeds of National Significance

WRRMP PLAN-ENV-008 Waste Reuse and Recycling Management Plan

PLAN-ENV-FF01 [3.1] VMCGWMP Page iii


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The upgrade of the Pacific Highway between Tintenbar and Ewingsdale is part of the Pacific Highway Upgrade Program, being implemented by NSW Roads and Maritime Services (RMS). The upgrade is an important part of the Pacific Highway Upgrade Program as on its completion, the Pacific Highway will be dual carriageway from Ballina to the Queensland border. The Project will deliver safer driving conditions and improve the Pacific Highway’s capacity to move people and freight between capital cities. The total Project cost is $862 million and is jointly funded by the NSW State and federal governments.

The Upgrade of the Pacific Highway - Tintenbar to Ewingsdale (the Project) site is located approximately 10 km to the north of Ballina. The Project involves the construction of approximately 17 km of highway from Ross Lane at Tintenbar and extends north to the existing Ewingsdale interchange, near the settlement of Ewingsdale. At Ross Lane, the upgrade alignment will connect to the northern end of the recently completed Ballina bypass. Generally the alignment will be in close proximity to the existing highway corridor from Ross Lane to the Bangalow bypass. The existing highway will be maintained for local and regional traffic.

From Bangalow, the upgrade alignment will diverge to the northeast through Tinderbox Creek valley. From there, the upgrade alignment will avoid the steep grades of St Helena Hill by way of a tunnel approximately 434 metres long and 45 metres below the ridge line. North of the tunnel, the alignment will be located immediately to the east of the existing highway before tying into the Ewingsdale interchange.

Key components of the approved Project include:

• Four-lane divided carriageways (two lanes each way), with a wide median allowing for the future addition of a third lane in each direction.

• Connection to the northern end of the completed Ballina bypass at the Ross Lane interchange. A new northbound on-ramp and a new southbound off-ramp would be provided. The remainder of this interchange will be constructed as part of the Ballina bypass project.

• Upgrading of the existing Ewingsdale interchange to provide full access between the modified local and regional road network and the highway.

• A half interchange at Bangalow. South-facing ramps would provide access between the local road network, including to Bangalow and Lismore, and the proposed upgrade to the south. This arrangement would replicate the arrangement with the existing Bangalow bypass which also has south-facing ramps only.

• Six twin bridges and four underpasses allowing roads and creeks to pass underneath the proposed upgrade. These would include twin bridges above Byron, Emigrant and Skinners Creek and the existing Casino-Murwillumbah railway on the northern side of Byron Creek.

• Two bridges carrying local roads over the proposed upgrade, one for Broken Head Road and one about 500 m north of Lawlers Lane providing access to several properties east of the upgrade. Protection screens would be provided on both bridges.

• Twin parallel tunnels under St Helena ridge (one tunnel for each carriageway). The tunnels would each be about 434 metres long and about 45 metres below St Helena Road.

• Retention of the existing highway as a continuous road for local and regional traffic.

• Installation of signage providing clear directions for traffic at the Ross Lane, Bangalow and Ewingsdale interchanges.

• Relocation of a number of public utilities and services.

Figure 1 provides an overview of the locality, extent and design of the project.

PLAN-ENV-FF01 [3.1] VMCGWMP Page 1


Figure 1 Tintenbar to Ewingsdale Project Overview



1.2 PURPOSE

The purpose of this PLAN-ENV-FF01 Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing and Weed Management Plan (VMCGWMP) is to provide details on how Baulderstone Pty Ltd (BPL) will remove, control and dispose of vegetation and weeds that are located within Project site, while also providing details on how to manage and mitigate the introduction and spread of weeds.

This PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP plan is an attachment to PLAN-ENV-004 Flora and Fauna Management Sub Plan.

This plan is applicable to all BPL activities during the construction phase of the Project, including the Defects Liability Period for landscaping (24 months following the completion of construction).

A key objective of this plan is to ensure appropriate environmental controls and procedures are implemented during construction activities to avoid or minimise potential adverse impacts from vegetation clearing, clearing and grubbing and weed management within the footprint of the Project.

The objectives of this plan are to:

• Avoid, minimise and mitigate impacts on fauna during the clearing of vegetation,

• Avoid, minimise and mitigate impacts on riparian areas during clearing near waterways,

• Avoided, minimise and mitigate impacts on flora,

• Identify and delineate areas to be protected are with No-Go exclusion fencing,

• Conduct vegetation clearing, grubbing and weed management in accordance with the EA requirements and the RTA Biodiversity Guidelines and RMS Deed requirements,

• Detail procedures for the commencement of clearing in each new area,

• Detail measures and controls to ensure native fauna are protected during clearing and associated activities,

• Develop processes to prevent the spread of weeds and continually suppress and destroy weeds within the Project boundary,

• Minimise or eliminate the potential impacts of weeds on threatened flora species,

• Set out strategies to prevent the spread of diseases caused by plant pathogens, such as viruses and fungi,

• Outline the proposed control or eradication measures including any chemicals proposed to be used,

• Ensure that BPL satisfies its obligations to control noxious weeds under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993; Byron Flora and Fauna Study (1999), the Byron Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (2004); and

• Meet Baulderstone’s obligations for using weed free topsoil for landscaping.

Vegetation to be removed will be strictly in accordance with the approved Project clearing boundaries

Weed management within the construction footprint will consist of initial removal of all vegetative cover on the site (including weeds) and ongoing monitoring and maintenance to ensure effective control of any new weed infestation that occurs.

Weed management between the construction footprint and project boundary will involve continual suppression and eradication of weeds.

Within the construction footprint weeds will be managed during the construction process and in preparation for landscaping.

Weeds occurring within the project boundary will be managed in accordance with this plan until the end of the Defects liability period.



1.3 SCOPE

This plan has been prepared in accordance with the RMS’ Scope of Works and Technical Criteria and the Minister for Planning’s Conditions of Approval. This plan is applicable to the removal of vegetation in accordance with approved clearing drawings including noxious and environmental weeds during clearing operations and ongoing construction activities, followed by monitoring and maintenance activities. Noxious weeds are those species declared noxious under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 and are required by law to be controlled by the landholder. Environmental weeds are generally introduced species that threaten the integrity of natural habitats.

This plan details the actions to be taken in order to manage weeds in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Authorities and the Noxious Weeds Act 1993.

Environmental weeds are also included as weeds to be continually suppressed and destroyed.

Management of plantation material is also been included in this plan.

1.4 LEGISLATION

Legislation relevant to weed management issues includes:

• Pesticides Act 1999,

• Pesticides Regulation 1995; and

• Noxious Weeds Act 1993.

Management of noxious weeds is to be undertaken in accordance with the Noxious Weeds Act 1993, as follows:

• Class 3: plants that pose a serious threat to primary production or the environment of an area to which the order applies, are not widely distributed in the area and are likely to spread in the area or to another area. Class 3 weeds will be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed.

• Class 4: plants that pose a threat to primary production, the environment or human health, are widely distributed in an area to which the order applies and are likely to spread in the area or to another area. The growth of Class 4 weeds will be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction.

• Class 5: plants that are likely to spread within the state. There are no requirements to control existing plants of Class 5 weeds. However, the weeds are "notifiable" and a range of restrictions on their sale and movement exists.

1.5 CONSULTATION

The following agencies and representatives were consulted with on this plan:

• RMS,

• EPA,

• Ballina Shire Council,

• Environmental Representative ,

• Far North Coast Weeds (attended a meeting and gave verbal agreement to approach outlined),

• Byron Shire Council (no comments received); and

• DPI(Fisheries) (no comments received).



1.6 EA, SUBMISSIONS REPORT, SOCS AND MINISTER’S CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL

Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing and Weed Management requirements for this project as identified in the Environmental Assessment (EA), Submissions Report and Statement of Commitments (SoC), and the Minister’s Conditions of Approval are included in Table 1 EA, Submissions Report and SoCs and Minister’s Conditions of Approval. The table also references documents where these requirements are addressed.

Table 1 EA, Submissions Report and SoCs and Minister’s Conditions of Approval and Working Paper 4 – Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Assessment

No. EA / SoC Reference

Relevant Requirement VMCGWMP Reference

1 EA 12.4.1 Measures proposed to minimise the loss of terrestrial vegetation and fauna habitat include:

• Vegetation clearing would be restricted to those areas where it is absolutely necessary

Detailed Design

Clearing Drawings

Project GIS

VCW18

• Where clearing does occur, the area would be fenced with highly visible temporary fencing or flagging tape to ensure that clearing does not extend beyond the area necessary

VCW18

• Clearing of vegetation would comply with the RMS Pacific Highway Office requirements for fauna rescue associated with

roadworks

VCW9, VCW12

• Where suitable, nest boxes would be used to replace any removed tree hollows. Such a program would be developed in

consultation with OEH

VCW23

• Vegetation management measures would be integrated with the landscape plan for the project VCW45

2 EA 12.4.3 Known locations of threatened plants would be avoided where possible and fenced to protect them from direct and indirect

impacts, particularly those species that occur on the edge of the study area (Macadamia tetraphylla, Tinospora tinosporoides,

Diploglottis camfieldii and Syzygium moorei).

VCW18

This may involve fencing to keep out construction vehicles and prevent stockpiling. VCW18





Contractors would be advised of the presence of the threatened plant species and measures required to protect them. VCW1, VCW8

3 EA 12.4.6 Mitigation measures related to edge effects relate generally to reducing impacts outside the direct development zone, controlling

possible impacts at their source within the road reserve and reducing the hardness of the edge between the extent of earthworks and native vegetation. Measures to be adopted include:

• Avoiding stockpiling materials adjacent to native vegetation

VCW18, VCW20

• Managing general construction activities to dispose appropriately of waste material and/or contaminants away from adjacent

native vegetation VCW18

• Implementing soil erosion and sedimentation control measures VCW6

• Implementing a weed management strategy within the road reserve PLAN-ENV-FF01

VMCGWMP

• Avoidance of overhanging vegetation that may encourage certain fauna species to enter the road reserve. VCW26

4 SoC - F2 Construction plans will show ecologically sensitive areas within the construction corridor that will not be impacted by construction.

Where clearing is required the area will be fenced with highly visible temporary fencing or flagging tape to ensure that clearing

does not extend beyond the area necessary.

VCW1

VCW18

5 SoC - F3 Known locations of threatened plants will be avoided where possible and fenced to protect them from direct and indirect impact VCW18

6 SoC - F4 Clearing of Vegetation will comply with appropriate RTA guidelines in relation to fauna rescues (RTA Pacific Highway Office

guidelines for fauna rescue associated with roadworks). VCW24

7 SoC - F8 Ancillary construction facilities will be sited away from areas of adjacent native vegetation VCW21





8 SoC - F9 Waste material during construction will be stored away from adjacent native vegetation VCW18

9 SoC - F10 Noxious and environmental weeds will be managed in the road reserve both during construction and operation VCW43

10 Working Paper

04

5.2.1

In order to mitigate some of the impacts of vegetation clearing and habitat loss it is recommended that:

• Vegetation clearing is restricted to those areas where it is necessary VCW18

• Where clearing does occur, the area should be fenced with highly visible temporary fencing or flagging tape to ensure that clearing does not extend beyond the area necessary

VCW18

• Known locations of threatened plants should be avoided where possible and fenced to protect them from direct and indirect impacts, particularly those species that occur on the edge of the Subject Site (Macadamia tetraphylla, Tinospora tinosporoides, Diploglottis camfieldii and Syzygium moorei).

• This may involve fencing to keep out construction vehicles and prevent stockpiling. Contractors should be advised of the presence of the threatened plant species and measures required to protect them.

VCW18

VCW8

• Clearing of vegetation should comply with the RTA Pacific Highway Office guidelines for fauna rescue associated with roadworks. These guidelines have been developed in consultation with DECC and cover the felling of both nonhabitat and habitat trees and the rescue and relocation of fauna

VCW24

• Where suitable, nest boxes should be used to replace any removed tree hollows. Such a program should be developed in consultation with DECC

VCW23

• Vegetation within the road reserve and adjacent to areas of vegetation clearing should be managed to reduce invasion of noxious weed species, this may include controlling weeds at their point of source (i.e. the area of clearing); and,

VCW43





• A Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) should be prepared prior to construction, detailing restoration, regeneration and rehabilitation of areas of native vegetation in the vicinity of the proposed upgrade. The VMP should also detail appropriate management for threatened species that are known to occur in the close vicinity of the proposed upgrade, including monitoring during and after construction works to ensure impacts are minimised. Appropriate management may include fencing the habitat supporting the threatened species from the area of direct impacts, signage and educating contractors of the presence of the species, its significance and no-go zones to protect the species. The VMP should be integrated with the landscape plan for the project.

PLAN-ENV-FF01

VMCGWMP

11 Working

Paper04

5.2.2

Mitigation measures related to edge effects relate generally to reducing impacts outside of the direct development zone, controlling possible impacts at their source within the road reserve and reducing the hardness of the edge between the extent of earthworks and native vegetation. Measures that are relevant to the current upgrade of the Pacific Highway include:

• Minimising disturbance to habitat adjacent to construction (e.g. the use of visible temporary fencing).

VCW18

• Minimising disturbance wherever possible to stream banks and streambeds. VCW19

• Avoiding stockpiling materials on adjacent vegetation. VCW20

• Managing general construction activities to appropriately store waste material and/or contaminants away from adjacent habitats VCW18

• Implementing soil erosion and sedimentation control measures. VCW6

• Implementing a weed management strategy within the road reserve, to be incorporated into the VMP. VCW43

12 Working

Paper04

5.2.3

In order to further mitigate the impacts of fragmentation it is recommended that:

• Only native and locally indigenous plants should be used in the landscaping to reduce weed invasion into the surrounding vegetation

VCW45

13 Working paper

04

5.2.4

• Minimise clearance and disturbance of fauna habitat, particularly hollow-bearing trees and other habitat features where fauna may

be sheltering. Although this may be difficult to achieve in areas where earthworks are to proceed, it should be particularly noted

within the road reserve where temporary sites such as stockpiles may be placed.

VCW18

VCW24





• Clearing of vegetation should follow the RTA (Pacific Highway Office) requirements for fauna rescue on Pacific Highway projects

as updated from time to time. These guidelines are a dynamic document produced in consultation with DECC. They include procedures for clearing of non-habitat and habitat trees, the relocation of rescued fauna and the inclusion of wildlife specialists in

the process.

VCW9

VCW22

VCW23

VCW24

• Avoid vegetation overhanging barriers that may encourage fauna crossing into the road reserve. VCW26

14 Working Paper

04

5.2.5

A number of recommendations should be implemented to reduce the impact of weed invasion on native plant communities:

• Restrict the area of native vegetation disturbed during construction works.

• Restrict stockpiling to areas already cleared of vegetation.

• Control drainage that may contain weed seeds or high levels of nutrients.

• Use weed-free topsoil in landscaping and revegetate disturbed sites with locally indigenous species (local provenance). In areas where vegetation to be cleared is in good condition, topsoil may be stockpiled and used for revegetation following the completion of construction works. Generally, native vegetation remnants within the study area are in good-moderate condition however, soil (seedbank) stockpiling should be restricted to areas in good-moderate condition, avoiding disturbed areas such as road margins. Revegetation using stockpiled soil should also include planting local native species to stabilise the soil as well as ongoing weed control.

• Monitor and control weed populations that establish on disturbed areas, with particular attention to eradication of noxious weeds. Weed invasions should be monitored and controlled by person experienced in weed management.

• A Weed Management Plan should be incorporated into the VMP, detailing necessary weed control works, particularly in areas where the weeds may impact on threatened species and/or their habitats.

VCW18

VCW21

VCW6

VCW45

VCW43

PLAN-ENV-FF01

VMCGWMP



1.7 PROJECT DEED

Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing and Weed Management requirements for this project as identified in the Project Deed are included in Table 2. The table also references documents where these requirements are addressed.

Table 2 Deed requirements

No MCoA Condition of Approval VMCGWMP Reference

14 2.3 Prior to the commencement of any construction likely to impact Macadamia tetraphylla, Tinospora tinosporoides, Diploglottis

camfieldii and Syzygium moorei species, the Proponent shall develop and implement a strategy for the minimisation of impacts to

these species. The strategy shall be developed in consultation with DECCW [now OEH], to the satisfaction of the Director General

and includes:

(a) consideration of options for avoiding direct impacts to known individuals during detailed design of the project, including in

relation to ancillary infrastructure and works;

VCW21

(c) measures to avoid indirect impacts to known individuals in proximity to construction areas, including demarcation of

construction zones and staff/ contractor education. VCW1, VCW8,

VCW18

16 2.6 Prior to the commencement of vegetation clearing, the Proponent shall employ a suitably qualified ecologist to undertake surveys

for tree hollows within vegetation to be cleared as part of the project. Should any such hollows be located during the survey(s), the

timing and number of nest boxes to be installed in an appropriate adjacent area as an alternative roosting site shall be determined

by the Proponent in consultation with DECCW and to the satisfaction of the Director General.

VCW23

17 6.5 As part of the Construction Environment Management Plan for the project required under condition 6.4 of this approval, the Proponent shall prepare and implement the following sub-plan(s):

(b) a Construction Flora and Fauna Management Plan to detail how construction impacts on ecology will be minimised and managed. The Plan shall be developed in consultation with DECCW [now OEH] and shall include, but not necessarily be limited to:

PLAN-ENV-004 FFMSP

(i) details of work practices (such as fencing and construction worker education) to minimise the potential for damage to

vegetation (particularly Endangered Ecological Communities and threatened flora species) and native fauna during

construction.

Measures shall also be included to minimise the extent of soil disturbance during construction;

VCW1, VCW8,

VCW18



No MCoA Condition of Approval VMCGWMP Reference

(ii) weed management measures focusing on early identification of invasive weeds, identifying effective management controls and methods to measure effectiveness;

VCW43

(iii) details of the mitigation measures to be implemented and associated procedures for the installation and monitoring of these

measures; and

FRM-ENV-001 Weekly

Inspection Checklist

VCW43

(iv) a description of how the effectiveness of the mitigation and management measures would be monitored during the proposed works and, if any noncompliance is detected, how any non-compliance would be rectified

CEMP 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 VCW43, VCW45

No Deed Issue / Requirement VMCGWMSP Reference

18 G36

4.1.1

The CEMP must include …..Vegetation Management/Clearing and Grubbing Plan plus Weed Management Plan. PLAN-ENV-

FF01

VMCGWMP

The CEMP must include internal hold points to ensure all environmental requirements for critical activities are in place prior to

undertaking the activity, [applicable to FFMSP] clearing of vegetation.

VCW18

19 G36

4.5

Environmental induction and training must include the:

h) site specific issues including, but not limited to:

• boundaries for vegetation clearing, location of exclusion zones, location of threatened vegetation plus vegetation management

(refer RTA D&CG40) • weed management, including obligations under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 to prevent the spread of Noxious Weeds during

construction (refer D&C G40) • fauna and fauna habitat management, including awareness of threatened fauna species and fauna rescue

VCW8

VCW18

VCW43

VCW22—

VCW25

20 G36

5

Detail in the CEMP and site inductions the locations of environmental controls in environmentally sensitive areas and adjacent to

sensitive receivers.

VCW1




All identified environmentally sensitive areas and sensitive receivers must be identified in map form and provided to all relevant Contractor's staff. The environmentally sensitive area mapping must include all sensitive receivers, watercourses and catchments

(including Emigrant Creek Dam and Wilsons River drinking water catchments), threatened species (including threatened flora including Hairy Joint Grass (refer RTA D&C G40 Clause 2.4.1)), communities, vegetation to be retained, mangroves, seagrasses, important fauna

areas or issues (including threatened fauna and their habitat sites, including microbat habitat (refer Clause 6.10)), State Forests, National

Park, Nature Reserves, Marine Parks, potential or actual acid sulphate soil areas, contaminated sites, and heritage areas (including non-

Aboriginal heritage sites (refer clause 6.14)), taking into account privacy implications.

VCW1

21 G36

6.3

Develop and implement an internal organisation permit system to ensure all required approvals are in place and approval obligations

are met prior to construction activities commencing. The permit system must include an internal permit for:

VCW10

• all clearing works which require an approval, licence, notification and / or permit. This internal permit must document measures to

reduce impacts, fauna rescue measures, sediment control measures and signoffs on the permit before release.

VCW10

• approval to enter an environmental no go area or environmentally sensitive area. This permit must include details of proposed

works, justification for works, measures to reduce impacts, consultation with the relevant Authority and RTA’s Representative, and signoffs on the permit before release.

VCW10

A log of all internal permits issued must be held by the Environmental Manager. VCW10

22 G36

6.4

Locate compound and stockpile sites in previously disturbed areas and areas that do not require clearing of native vegetation, and in

areas assessed to be of low conservation significance for flora, fauna and indigenous or non-indigenous heritage. The following additional minimum environmental protection requirements apply for your site compounds, batch plant areas, storage

areas and stockpile sites:

• Toe of stockpiled material must not be any closer than 5 m to a fence, drain or existing trees to be retained. Place protective

fencing around trees to be retained

VCW20

VCW21

• Parking of vehicles and machinery is not allowed within the dripline of any trees to be retained VCW18

23 G36

6.5.4

Undertake Contractor’s Work in waterways in an environmentally sensitive manner. Where feasible, retain bank vegetation and

integrate scour protection into current banks to minimise impacts.

VCW19




Thirty days prior to commencing Contractor’s Work in or adjacent to a waterway prepare and submit a work method statement to RTA’s Representative, the Environmental Representative and the Project Verifier. The statement must detail how the works are to be

undertaken to reduce erosion and minimise impacts on water quality and riparian fauna and flora. Preparation of the work method statement must include consultation with RTA, DECCW, NSW DPI, DWE staff and the Environmental Representative.

PLAN-ENV-004 FFMSP

24 G36 6.9.1

Vegetation must be cleared in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 5 of the Scope of Works and Technical Criteria and requirements within the Environmental Documents.

VCW4

25 G36 6.9.1

Clearing limits must be clearly delineated on site. The location of the delineation must be checked and verified as correct by a surveyor independent of the parties that installed the delineation at least five (5) working days prior to the commencement of clearing. Clearing

limits must be delineated using highly visible barrier or tape such as bunting, parawebbing, nightline or other similarly robust and

durable material as appropriate. Preserve existing trees, plants, and other vegetation that are to remain within or adjacent to the

Construction Site and use every precaution necessary to prevent damage or injury thereto. The Contractor must plan and carry out all operations to ensure that there is no damage to any trees or vegetation outside the limits of clearing.

VCW18

26 G36

6.9.1

At bridges, clearing and grubbing must be minimised. Small trees, shrubs, grasses and sedges under bridges must be retained wherever

possible. Techniques to minimise impacts on bank stability must be used.

Existing trees, grasses and other ground cover must be retained within 15 metres of rivers, creeks and watercourses and in all drainage lines until immediately before construction commences in the area. Notwithstanding the retention of the ground cover all soil erosion

and sedimentation controls for the area must be installed in accordance with RTA D&C G38. Grasses and small understorey species must be retained adjacent to rivers, creeks and watercourses wherever possible.

VCW19

27 G36

6.9.1

Take protective measures during the Contractor’s Work to avoid damaging or destroying threatened flora species, Endangered

Ecological Communities and trees which have been marked or otherwise identified for preservation. These measures must include but

are not limited to: (i) fencing around trees clear of the canopy line;

VCW18

(ii) ensuring no materials are stockpiled and no vehicles are parked under the canopy; VCW19

(iii) avoiding excavation or the placing of fill near any tree without advice from an ecologist; and VCW18

(iv) locating haul roads and access tracks clear of the canopy. VCW18




28 G36 6.9.1

Before clearing commences, identify the limits of clearing by placing clearly visible markers at not greater than 15 m intervals on each side of the road formation and bridges. Areas to be cleared must be delineated in a continuous line and identified in the field by

material that is clearly visible such as bunting, parawebbing, nightline or other similarly robust and durable material. Boundaries of other estates such as DECCW, Lands Department and State Forests estate must be clearly identified in the field using a different colour

marking to clearing markers and sign posted every 50 m as environmental no go areas.

All retained threatened species, culturally significant areas and EECs are to be clearly marked in the field. Appropriate signage must

also be used to identify and protect these areas. All delineation and signage must be maintained in good condition for the duration of the Contractor’s Work

VCW19 VCW18

29 G36 6.9.1

Before commencing clearing and grubbing all soil erosion and sedimentation controls must be installed in accordance with RTA D&C G38.

VCW6

30 G36 6.9.1

Weeds must be removed and disposed of in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Authorities. VCW43

31 G36

6.9.1

Trees remaining within the road reserve, but outside the limits of clearing, which are unsound and likely to fall upon the roadway or

onto private property must be cleared or pruned in accordance with AS 4373. Any branch, which overhangs the road formation, must be cut back flush with the tree trunk in accordance with AS 4373.Every precaution must be taken to prevent timber from falling on

private property. Any timber falling from the Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractor's Work onto private

property must be removed and disposed of unless the owner provides written consent to its remaining on the property.

Damage of any kind, including damage to fencing, trees or other vegetation outside the limits of clearing, which occurs during clearing

operations, must be made good by the Contractor.

VCW27

VCW44

32 G36

6.9.1

A Clearing Work Method Statement must be prepared prior to commencing clearing in consultation with RTA, DECCW and DPI Industry

and Investment NSW. The Clearing Work Method Statement must include procedures for managing and monitoring the clearing and

grubbing operations to ensure that trees, other vegetation and sensitive areas are not unnecessarily cleared or otherwise disturbed, and

must: (a) be based on advice from the project ecologist and identify the species and location of any weeds growing anywhere within the area

to be cleared and grubbed; (b) include measures to minimise clearing impacts;

(c) based on advice from the project ecologist, identify all locations of threatened flora species, Endangered Ecological Communities

and trees which have been marked or otherwise identified for preservation, including for cultural heritage reasons;

(d) be based on advice from the project Ecologist and identify any trees outside the limits of clearing which are unsound and likely to fall upon the roadway or onto private property;

VCW4




(e) identify barriers and marking systems to be used to denote the limits of clearing; and (f) include the internal permit system detailed in section 6.3 of this specification.

33 G36

6.9.1

Include procedures in the CEMP for controlling the introduction and spreading of weeds caused by the Contractor’s Works, including

the arrangements for monitoring. When weeds are present on the Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractor's

Work, consult with Local Council and NSW Agriculture on, and be guided by, best practice removal and control techniques and any

management procedures that may have been developed for particular noxious weeds. All staff must be made aware of noxious weeds present on the Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractor's Work and requirements related to the listing under

the Noxious Weeds Act 1993. Ensure that all site personnel observe the limits of clearing and are made aware of the importance of threatened species and populations and any vegetation of significant value.

VCW43

34 G36

6.9.2

Native vegetation removed during clearing must be used in soil erosion and sediment control barriers, as merchantable timber and

fauna measures where appropriate, and in consultation with DECCW. All other native vegetation cleared must be mulched for use during landscaping and other erosion and sediment control measures.

VCW29

35 G36 6.9.2

Alternatively, the Contractor may propose to reuse or dispose of timber for other purposes through the production of a Timber Reuse and Disposal strategy. The proposal must detail the reuse and / or disposal options and the benefits those options have over reuse as

mulch. The proposal must be submitted to RTA’s Representative for consideration and, if accepted, included in the CEMP.

Timber Reuse and Disposal

Strategy (PLAN-

ENV-008

WRRMSP)

36 G36

6.9.2

Exotic tree species mulch may be used on the Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractor's Work where the

Contractor can demonstrate that the use of such mulch, treated or otherwise, will not result in eco-toxicological effects and does not result in the increased spread of weeds.

VCW34

VCW35

37 G36

6.9.2

Stockpile sites must be located away from drainage lines and watercourses and must be arranged to minimise damage to natural

vegetation and trees. As required in RTA D&C G38, mulch stockpiles must be planned during the clearing phase to provide mulch for

erosion and sediment controls. The stockpile sites must be positioned so that the stockpiled material is accessible at any time. Any clearing and grubbing required for these sites must be carried out in accordance with this specification. Temporary erosion and

sediment control measures must be installed in accordance with RTA D&C G38.

VCW20

VCW21

38 G36

6.9.2

Mulch must not be placed within areas that will result in tannin leachate entering waterways. VCW20

39 G36 6.9.2

Restoration of stockpile site areas must be undertaken progressively following completion of stockpiling operations in each area in accordance with RTA D&C R178.

VCW44

40 G36 Stockpiles must be monitored and managed to avoid spontaneous combustion. VCW48




6.9.2

41 G36

6.9.2

Mulch in excess of the quantity required for erosion and sediment control measures and landscape planting must not be permanently

stockpiled on the Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractor's Work.

VCW21

42 G36

6.9.2

Unless otherwise specified, all materials cleared, pruned and grubbed in accordance with this Specification must be removed from the

Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractor's Work for recycling or disposal. Disposal must be in accordance with

the Contractor’s Waste, Reuse and Recycling Management Plan.

VCW21

VCW4

43 G36

6.10.1

Take measures to protect all native fauna from the impact of your construction activities. VCW22-VCW25

44 G36

6.12.2

Pesticides must be used in accordance with the Pesticides Act, 1999, other relevant legislation, label directions and any relevant

industry codes of practice. A Records Sheet must be completed within 24 hours of applying the pesticide and a copy submitted to

RTA’s Representative, the Environmental Representative and the Project Verifier. The ‘Sample Pesticides Application Records Sheet’

shown in Annexure G36/G may be used for guidance when preparing pesticide application records. You are exempt from completing the Records Sheet where both of the following are satisfied:

(a) The pesticide is only applied by hand or by using hand-held equipment. (b) If applied outdoors on any single occasion in quantities of no more than 5 litres/5 kilograms of concentrated product or 20 litres/20

kilograms of the ready-to-use product, or; if applied indoors in quantities of no more than 1 litre/1 kilogram of concentrated product or

5 litres/5 kilograms of the ready-to-use product.

All personnel managing and using pesticides must receive appropriate training prior to commencing work. Only pesticides registered for use near water may be used near water.

Public notification of pesticide use must be in accordance with Annexure G36/H. The following measures must also be implemented whenever pesticides are used adjacent to, or across the road from, a Sensitive Place:

• Mechanical means of pest control (such as mowing or slashing) must be used where feasible; or

• Hand-held application of pesticides is required where mechanical means of pest control are not feasible.

Avoid applying pesticides: (i) on hot days when plants are stressed.

(ii) after seed has set. (iii) within 24 hours of rain or when rain is imminent.

(iv) when winds will cause drift of pesticides into non-target areas.

VCW36

45 G36

6.15

All works on land currently or previously used for banana plantations must be undertaken in such a manner as to minimise the spread of

Panama Disease and Banana Bunchy Top Virus and must comply with the requirements of the Environmental Documents.

VCW39




46 G36 Annexure /B

Table 1

Details on: • procedures for the commencement of clearing in each new area

VCW18

• measures and controls to ensure native fauna are protected during clearing and for the duration of the Works VCW18

47 G36 Annexure /B

Table 1

Details on: • control measures, systems and responsibilities to ensure clearing of native vegetation does not exceed the limits of clearing or

encroach on protected areas for the duration of the Works

VCW18

• environmental controls for the Works to ensure protection of environmentally sensitive areas, EEC’s and threatened species, including

details on controls for soil and water, erosion/ sedimentation, chemicals, waste water and other waste during construction and the

person responsible for the management of the environmental controls

VCW1

VCW8

VCW18

• measures to minimise impacts on EECs VCW18

• management of clearing for utility services to avoid unplanned impacts on native vegetation VCW18

• procedures for the marking the limits of the Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractor's Work, including proposed types of barrier/ tape and signage and when the marking would be done and by whom

VCW4 VCW18

• signage of “no go” areas VCW4

VCW18

48 G36 Annexure /B

Table 1

Details on: • measures for the management of topsoil including, but not limited to:

o segregation of weedy topsoil from non weedy topsoil;

VCW4 VCW33

o measures proposed to maximise revegetation and minimise erosion and sediment impacts. VCW45

VCW6

49 G36 Annexure /C

C1 Schedule of HOLD POINTS: 4.12 Failure to comply with environmental requirements

C2 Schedule of Identified Records 6.12.2 Pesticides Application Records

VCW18 VCW36

VCW43 VCW51

50 G36

Annexure /G

Sample Pesticides Application Records Sheet (Refer to Annexure G for example) VCW36




51 G36 Annexure /H1

Pesticide uses in the following public places require notification, unless notification exemptions apply (refer to Annexure G36/H3): (Refer to Table - Annexure G36/H1)

Note #: • Pesticide uses on land where the RTA shares maintenance responsibilities with others is also captured by the above notification

requirements; e.g. rail crossings, electricity easements or travelling stock reserves that overlap with land under the RTA’s maintenance

control.

• Pesticide uses are also captured by the above notification requirements if: − the pesticides are applied on land that is not under the RTA’s control or ownership, and

− the land is immediately adjacent to land that is under the RTA’s control or ownership, and − there are no physical boundaries (such as fences) between the two pieces of land, and

− the application of pesticides on the land not under the RTA’s control or ownership is incidental to pesticide application activities being

undertaken on the land owned or controlled by the RTA.

e.g. roadside pesticide applications where RTA and councils may own/control adjacent areas of land without any physical boundaries such as fences.

Signs on vehicle and Portable signs must: • Alert the public that pesticide spraying activities are being undertaken.

• Include a phone number (at least A3 size, ie 300mm x 420mm) for the public to contact an officer responsible for the pesticide activity.

The following information must be available from signs or by contacting the phone number listed on these signs:

• The full product name of the pesticide as it is listed on the label (e.g. “Roundup Biactive”). • The purpose of the application (e.g. “Control of roadside weeds”).

• The proposed date or date range of the pesticide application. • The places of pesticide use.

• Any warnings regarding re-entry to the place of application specified on the product label or the APVMA permit for use.

VCW36

52 G36 Annexure /H2

Where:

• a local council will use pesticides under the Deed, and • the local council has an Internet site, and

• the RTA does not control the time and place of the pesticide use, the local council will, before use of the pesticide, display the following information on its Internet site:

• the full product name of the pesticide as it is listed on the label (e.g. “Roundup Biactive”).

• the purpose of the application (e.g. “Weed control”).

• the proposed date or date range of the pesticide application.

VCW36




• the places of pesticide use. • a contact number for the public to seek more detailed information. All reasonable requests for information must be answered within a

timely manner. • any warnings regarding re-entry to the place of application specified on the product label or the APVMA permit for use.

Dates and locations published on the Internet site may be general to accommodate delays caused by inappropriate weather conditions

and other unplanned circumstances.

53 G36

Annexure /H3

During emergency pesticide applications, only portable signs may be displayed on site. Internet notification and vehicle signs are not mandatory in these situations.

Pesticide uses are exempt from all notification requirements in the following cases: • The use of pesticides that are readily available to the general public at retail outlets and used in a manner and in quantities that do not

require formal record keeping under the Pesticides Regulation 1995; such as in the following cases:

− e.g. small quantities of glyphosate and metsulfuron herbicides applied by a hand-held applicator, or by cut-and-paint or stem injection

techniques. − e.g. minor control of indoor and outdoor pests using baits or hand-held aerosols.

• Pesticide uses in public places that have been closed temporarily to the public where the closure is unrelated to the pesticide use. • Pesticide uses in remote areas where there is little likelihood of the pesticides being encountered by the public; e.g. in areas where

there is no vehicular access and low public visitation.

VCW36

54 G40

1.1

The work to be executed under this Specification consists of the clearing of all vegetation, both living and dead, all minor built

structures (such as fences and livestock yards), all rubbish and other materials which are unsuitable for use in the Project Works, and the

grubbing of trees and stumps.

VCW4

The work includes the mulching of trees, stockpiling the mulch (excluding any noxious weeds) , and the removal from the Construction

site and disposal of all materials from built structures, rubbish, weeds and exotic plants as well as weed management.

VCW4

The contractor must address the requirements detailed in this Specification in the Vegetation Management / Clearing and Grubbing

Plan, Weed Management Plan and Waste Management Plan that are supplements to the Contractor’s CEMP.

PLAN-ENV-

FF01 VMCGWMP

In advance of, or in conjunction with, clearing and grubbing operations, effective erosion and sediment control measures must be implemented as required in the RTA D&C 38.

VCW5

The clearing and grubbing required for boundary fencing is included in Specification RTA D&C R201 and does not form part of the work

under this Specification RTA D&C G40.

VCW18




55 G40 1.2.4

The Vegetation Management / Clearing and Grubbing Plan and Weed Management Plan must include and address each of the documents and requirements listed in this Specification, and must be implemented.

PLAN-ENV-FF01

VMCGWMP 56 G40 1.3

Definitions: Project Ecologist : The Project Ecologists are people whose qualifications and recent proven relevant specialist experience in botany,

environmental, fauna, environmental science, landscaping or bush regeneration and experience in identifying weeds and other plant

species are accepted by the RTA’s Representative and the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW).

Hazard line : A line shown on the Drawings to indicate the outer limits of the roadside zone which must remain free of hazards. In this context a tree with a trunk diameter exceeding 100 mm is considered a hazard.

Tree : In this Specification the term “tree” includes a shrub. Weeds : Weed species include but are not necessarily limited to, those listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious

categories W1, W2, W3, or W4 under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993. Also included under this definition are agricultural and horticultural

weed species and in particular invasive grasses such as Chloris gayana (Rhodes Grass), Phalaris sps., Eragrostis curvula complex (African

Lovegrass), Andropogon virginicus (Whisky Grass) and Nassella trichotoma (Serrated Tussock). Where necessary, advice must be sought from an Ecologist in order to determine whether the type and/or proportion of weed cover are significant for the purposes of

this definition.

57 G40

2.1

Unless shown otherwise on the Drawings or required by the environmental documents, the area to be cleared for the formation is that

which will be occupied by the completed formation plus a clearance of 4 m beyond tops of cuts and toes of embankments where the natural fall of the ground is towards the roadway and 2 m beyond the tops of cuts and toes of embankments where the natural fall of

the ground either slopes away from the roadway or is level.

Also unless shown otherwise on the Drawings or required by the Environmental Documents clear areas that will be occupied by ancillary

earth features shown on the Drawings, including sediment basins and traps, open drains and diversion banks. Treat all areas outside the areas to be cleared for the road formation as environmental “no-go” areas / exclusion zones.

VCW18

58 G40

2.2

You must not clear any areas outside that defined in clause 2.1 unless such clearing is in accordance with the Environmental Documents.

Any area outside the area to be cleared for the road formation as defined in clause 2.1 and which has been approved as a site for any

ancillary construction facilities including the contractor’s facilities, stockpiles, borrow pits or any other purpose connected with the

contractor’s work must be cleared only to the extent required for the approved purpose. The area cleared must be the minimum

consistent with the intended use and in accordance with the environmental documents. All trees, stumps and logs of the sizes listed below which are outside the area to be cleared for the formation as defined in clause 2.1

but which are within the hazard line shown on the Drawings must be removed with a minimum of disturbance to adjacent trees and other vegetation. The sizes of the trees, stumps and logs that must be removed are shown in Table G40.1. (Refer to Table on page 3)

VCW18




59 G40 2.3

At bridges all trees and stumps and all built structures must be removed within the area specified in Annexure G40/A except: (a) where shown otherwise on the Drawings; or

(b) marked to be preserved; or (c) within 5 metres of the bank of any stream or other waterway

Trees outside this area but having branches overhanging the bridge must have their branches lopped to be 3 metres clear of the bridge.

Trees within 10 metres of the centreline of the bridge and within 15 metres of the bank of any stream or other waterway must be

cleanly cut off between 300 and 600 mm above the adjacent ground level so that stable vegetation is retained on the banks. This work must be undertaken in consultation DECCW, Rous water and the RTA’s Representative.

VCW19

60 G40 Clearing limits, cadastral boundaries and the Construction Site boundary must be identified on all relevant design, construction and VCW4 2.4.1 operational Drawings as well as sensitive are Drawings.

Before clearing and grubbing commences, the clearing limits must be delineated by installing clearly visible markers placed at 15 m

intervals and highly visible barrier tape on each side of the road formation and bridges as shown on the Drawings.

The location of markers and highly visible barrier or tape must be checked and verified as correct in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.9.1 of RTA D&C G36 before clearing and grubbing can commence.

Temporary exclusion fencing along the full limits of clearing must be provided and be of durable and sturdy construction and must consist of star pickets, tow wires and highly visible barrier or tape in accordance with clause 6.9.1 of RTA D&C G36. “Environmental

Protection Area” signs (refer Annexure G40/E must be erected in a prominent position at a minimum of 400 metre intervals along each

section of exclusion fencing. Exclusion fencing must be maintained until the Date of Construction Completion.

Before clearing and grubbing commences undertake a joint inspection with the Contractor’s project ecologist to inspect the clearing limits and temporary exclusion fencing and to identify opportunities to preserve habitat trees that fall within or are likely to be affected

by the clearing limits.

VCW18

All staff and subcontractors involved in the construction activities must be made aware of the clearing limits and are prohibited to VCW1

encroach on areas beyond the boundaries of the identified clearing limits (refer to clause 4.5 of RTA D&C G36). VCW8

61 G40

2.4.2

Prior to the commencement of clearing and grubbing, engage an experienced and qualified bush regenerator to prepare a Weed

Management Plan. The Weed Management Plan must adhere to best practice guidelines and be prepared in accordance with the

Noxious Weeds Act, and National Trust Weed Management Manual and incorporated into the CEMP.

The Weed Management Plan must include preconstruction, construction and post construction weed control works including the weed control works to be undertaken during the Landscape maintenance Period, to control the spread of weeds and to reduce the levels of

weed infestation within the Construction Site and adjoining areas, and include measures to improve the quality of habitat in retained vegetation.

The Weed Management Plan must include a weed monitoring program through which the success of weed control is assessed and

VCW3

PLAN-ENV-

FF01

VMCGWMP

VCW43




techniques modified where necessary, including measures to improve the quality of habitat in retained vegetation. The weed monitoring program must include regular site visits, mapping and fixed point photographs of the Construction Site and

adjoining areas. The frequency and duration of weed monitoring must be specific to the Construction Site and adjoining areas with the flexibility to

respond to changes in the environment. As a minimum, undertake week inspections on a monthly basis for the first six months after

commencement of construction (or as necessary responding to seasonal and climatic conditions), then at least every two months for a

further six months until the Date of Construction Completion. Submit a report to the Project Verifier, Environmental Representative and the RTA’s Representative outlining the results of each

monitoring inspection against the weed management objectives and activities in the Weed Management Plan of the monitoring program.

The contractor must consult with the relevant local Weeds Authority Officer and Far North Coast Weeds on the presence of any noxious

weed in areas to be cleared and to ascertain if any special precautions are required. Should the presence of noxious weeds be

confirmed, the Contractor must mark out their location and then treat them in accordance with the Weed Management Plan.

62 G40

2.4.3

The Contractor's project ecologist must undertake flora pre-clearing surveys for threatened flora targeting as a minimum the following

species: a) Dipliglottis campbelli

b) Macadamia tetraphylla

c) Szygium moorei

d) Tinospora tinosporoides and e) Arthraxon Hispidus

Prior to any clearing provide the following documentation to the Project Verifier, the Environmental representative and RTA’s Representative.

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63 G40 2.4.3

a) A Weed Management Plan that (as part of the CEMP) includes a statement from the Local Weeds Authority regarding the presence or otherwise of noxious weeds

VCW2 VCW3

64 G40 2.4.3

b) A Vegetation management / Clearing and Grubbing Plan that (as part of the CEMP) includes procedures for fauna and flora pre-clearing surveys, an assessment of habitat trees (including hollowing bearing and potential hollow bearing trees) and the presence of

fauna ; two stage clearing procedures and clearing operations to minimise fauna injury; fauna and flora handling, fauna rescue and fauna

and flora relocation.

VCW4

65 G40 2.4.3

c) Sensitive Area Plans (Refer RTA D&C G36 – Section 5) that includes all locations of endangered ecological communities, threatened flora species and populations, and trees (including habitat trees) which have been marked or otherwise identified for preservation and

threatened fauna

VCW1




66 G40 2.4.3

d) Construction Flora and Fauna Management Plan (refer RTA D&C G36) that (as part of the CEMP) includes all locations of endangered ecological communities, threatened flora species and populations, and trees (including habitat trees) which have been marked or

otherwise identified for preservation and threatened fauna

VCW1 VCW18

67 G40

2.4.3

e) A document that lists any trees outside the limits of clearing which are unsound and likely to fall upon the roadways or onto private

property.

The Contractor must plan and carry out all operations to ensure that there is no damage to , or clearing of, any trees outside the limits

of clearing specified.

VCW27

68 Areas of weed infestation identified in the weed management plan must also be identified in the Vegetation management / Clearing

and Grubbing Plan.

VCW2

VCW43

69 G40

2.4.3

HOLD POINT

Process Held: Clearing and grubbing of any area of work

Submission details: Survey plans demonstrating that limits of clearing boundary markings and highly visible barrier or tape are in correct location. Vegetation Management / Clearing and Grubbing Plan, Weed Management Plan, Sensitive Area Plans,

Construction Flora and Fauna Management Plan and report on the presence of weeds and unsound trees together with written notice that limits of clearing and areas of weed infestation identified I the above plans are marked, at least 10 working days before starting any

clearing.

Release of Hold Point: The Project Verifier will consider the submitted documents, inspect the clearing limit and exclusion

fencing and marked trees (including habitat trees) or built structures for preservation, prior to authorising the release of the Hold Point.

VCW4

VCW18




70 G40 Before commencing clearing and grubbing all soil erosion and sedimentation controls required for this phase of construction must be VCW4 2.4.3 installed in accordance with the Specification for RTA D&C G38. All staff and subcontactors involved in construction activities must be

made aware of the Noxious Weeds present and any requirements related to the listing under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993. VCW1 Prevent the spread of noxious weeds by managing the movement of contaminated plant and equipment into uninfested areas.

Site specific vehicle movement plans must be prepared for each worksite that contains a noxious weed infestation / or native / or

VCW8

remnant vegetation that could be affected by the Contractor’s Work. The vehicle movement plans must include identification of VCW14

vehicles, plant, equipment, turning and parking areas and any vehicle, plant and equipment hygiene measure to ensure compliance with the Noxious Weeds Act.

VCW13

Treat and dispose of any noxious weeds in accordance with their category under the Noxious Weeds Act. Any spraying of noxious VCW36 weeds must comply with RTA D&C G36 clause 6.12.2 and be carried out with care to avoid damage to adjacent native vegetation and

to prevent overspray entering waterways or adjacent property. Where noxious weed areas are disturbed by your construction

activities, weeds and topsoil potentially containing weed propagules must be removed and disposed of in accordance with the local

weeds authority. The Contractor must treat and remove all weeds present within the Construction Site and areas affected by the Contractor’s work.

VCW43

71 G40

Use suitable methods when felling hollow bearing trees, to maintain the integrity of the tree material around the hollow. Fell such trees VCW22

2.4.3 during the hottest part of the day in order to minimise the effects of torpor of fauna induced by low temperatures. VCW23

Retain and relocate such hollow bearing tree sections to locations in adjacent vegetated areas or in fauna underpass areas below bridge VCW24

structures to maintain resources for native fauna as a potential habitat for ground dwelling fauna. Unless otherwise agreed by DECCW,

cleared stumps / logs must not be used at the ends of underpasses, as they can be a fauna barrier and / or provide hiding areas for predatory fauna and / or obstruct the view of habitat at the end of the underpass.

VCW25

72 G40

2.4.3

The wheels on all construction plant are to be washed down before transportation to / from site and other areas affected by works for

the Project to prevent the spread of weeds or pathogens. Keep records of all screening checks and subsequent actions.

VCW13

73 G40 Take protective measures during the operations of clearing and road construction to avoid damaging or destroying threatened flora VCW18

2.4.3 species and trees which have been marked or otherwise identified for preservation. These measures must include but are not limited to: VCW20

(i)fencing around trees clear of the canopy line;

(ii) ensuring no materials are stockpiled and no vehicles are parked under the canopy;

(iii) avoiding excavation or the placing of fill near any tree without advice from the Contractor’s project ecologist; and

(iv) routing haul roads and access tracks clear of the canopy.

VCW21




Those trees remaining within the road reserve, but outside the limits of clearing, which the Principal has agreed are unsound and likely

to fall upon the roadway or onto private property must be cleared or pruned in accordance with AS 4373 “Pruning of amenity trees”.

Any branch, which overhangs the road formation, must be cut back flush with the tree trunk in accordance with AS 4373.

Every precaution must be taken to prevent timber from falling on private property and dispose of any timber so fallen or produce the

written consent of the owner to its remaining there.

VCW27

Existing trees, grasses and other ground cover must be retained within 15 metres of rivers, creeks and watercourses and in all drainage

lines until immediately before construction commences in the area. An access track may be constructed across these areas on an alignment that will minimise erosion. Notwithstanding the retention of the ground cover all soil erosion and sedimentation controls for

the area must be installed in accordance with RTA D&C G38. All trees in these areas must be felled manually, leaving grasses and small understorey species wherever possible.

VCW19

VCW27

VCW4 VCW44

VCW45

Damage of any kind, including damage to fencing or trees or other vegetation outside the limits of clearing, which occurs during

clearing operations, must be made good by you.

Holes left following the removal of trees and stumps must be backfilled and vegetated as described in clause 3.

74 G40 3

Grubbing: All trees and stumps, on or within the limits of clearing defined in clauses 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, and which are unable to be felled

and removed by the clearing methods used by you, must be removed by grubbing.

Grubbing operations must be carried out both to a depth of 0.5 m below the natural surface and 1.5 m below the top of the Selected

Material Zone.

Holes remaining after trees and stumps have been grubbed must be backfilled promptly with sound material to prevent the infiltration

and ponding of water. The backfilling material must be compacted to at least the relative compaction of the material existing in the

adjacent ground. In the area defined in Clause 2.2 the final 50 mm of backfilling must be topsoil and the area must be vegetated within

7 days of removal of the stump. Topsoil and vegetation must comply with Specification RTA D&C R178.

VCW4




75 G40 Re-use and Disposal of materials: In consultation with DECCW and the Contractor’s project ecologist relocate dead wood, dead trees,

VCW4 4

fallen logs, and cleared tree trunks greater than 200mm diameter into natural vegetation areas (adjacent to the new roadway beyond

clearing limits) and in the fauna underpass areas below bridge structures. VCW33

Portions of cleared hollow bearing trees must be tied by the Contractor’s ecologist in consultation with DECCW to large trees in

adjacent bushland to provide, nest and shelter resources for fauna species. VCW34

Otherwise, recycle stems, branches, trunks of trees greater than 200mm diameter as fencing materials, firewood or other appropriate uses such as erosion and sedimentation control measures. All such materials together with any exotic vegetation not able to be

incorporated into the Works must be removed from the Construction Site. Disposal must be in accordance with the Waste

Management Plan. Any disposal of timber and other combustible materials by burning is not permitted.

Convert remaining vegetation (excluding noxious weeds) into woodchip mulch and raw mulch for re-use in landscaping and surfacing for

fauna underpasses (refer RTA D&C R179 for mulch / woodchip specification) and stockpile in accordance with Clause 5.

Otherwise, convert remaining vegetation (excluding any noxious weeds) into mulch for sediment barriers in accordance with RTA D&C G40 Clause 3.1.

Dispose of weeds and exotic plant species to a licenced landfill facility, with loads covered.

VCW35

76 G40 Camphor laurel mulch if used shall be treated to prevent the spread of this weed species. Trees removed during clearing and grubbing

VCW4 5.1

may be used in conjunction with soil erosion and sediment control measures. All other native trees removed must be converted to mulch and stockpiled for use during landscape planting under the Contract. This requirement is subject to the following constraints:

(a) Where the native vegetation on site is insufficient to provide the quantities of mulch needed during landscape planting, all native

VCW34

trees removed during clearing and grubbing must be mulched and stockpiled. Under no circumstances must the extent of clearing and

grubbing be extended or weeds or exotic species used to make up any shortfall of mulch.

(b) Where the quantity of mulch produced would exceed the quantity required the excess mulch must be removed from the Construction Site prior to the Date of Construction Completion.

VCW35

77 G40 Mulch stockpiles: All stockpiles must be located within the Construction Site and in accordance with the requirements of the

VCW20 5.2

Environmental Documents.

Stockpile sites must be located away from drainage lines and watercourses to prevent tannin leachate entering watercourses and must VCW21

be arranged to minimise damage to natural vegetation and trees. The stockpile sites must be positioned so that the stockpiled material

may be transported away at any time. Any clearing and grubbing required for these sites must be carried out in accordance with this VCW48




Specification. Temporary erosion and sediment control measures must be taken in accordance with RTA D&C G38.

Restoration of stockpile sites following completion of the work must be carried out in accordance with RTA R178.

Stockpiles must be monitored and turned over as required to avoid spontaneous combustion.

Mulch in excess of the quantity required for landscape planting must not be stockpiled on the Construction site.

VCW44

78 G40

6

Inspection and trimming of trees along fauna exclusion fence: You must conduct a joint inspection of vegetation along both sides of the

fauna exclusion fences, with the Project Verifier and the RTA’s Representative 50 weeks after the commencement of clearing and grubbing and at the completion of the Contractor’s work.

Any overhanging branches must be trimmed and any vegetation on fauna exclusion fencing must be removed.

VCW42

79 G40

Annexure A

A1 Clearing for bridgeworks (refer to Table – RTA D&C G40/A1)

Bridge Distance (Metres) To Be Cleared Beyond:

Abutment Outside Faces Of Parapets

A B

All bridges 15 15 4

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80 G40

Annexure C

C1 SCHEDULE OF HOLD POINTS

2.4 Written notification of intention to clear any area C2 SCHEDULE OF IDENTIFIED RECORDS

1.4/Annexure/G40D Vegetation Management / Clearing and Grubbing Plan and Weed Management Plan

2.2 Report on the presence of weeds and unsound trees

2.4 Weed monitoring report

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PLAN-ENV-FF01

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81 G40

Annexure D

The VEGETATION MANAGEMENT / CLEARING AND GRUBBING PLAN must include and address, but not be limited to, the following:

a) plan(s) showing limits of clearing for the Construction Site, b) stockpile sites, compound areas and other ancillary construction facilities must be located within the clearing limits and the

Construction Site boundary and must not involve any significant additional native vegetation clearing,

c) procedure to ensure that vegetation clearing is restricted to within the limits of clearing (in accordance with Clause 2) and

avoiding any trees marked to be retained, d) procedure for protecting threatened flora species/populations, endangered ecological communities and trees (including

habitat trees and glider trees) marked for preservation (refer Clause 2.4), e) identification of any threatened flora species, populations, endangered ecological communities and procedure for protecting

threatened flora species and trees marked for preservation (refer Clause 2.4)

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f) methods used for identifying, marking and removing or pruning unsound trees likely to fall upon the roadway or onto private property (refer Clause 2.4); and

g) procedure for identifying and removing trees, stumps and logs above specified size and within the hazard line (refer Clause 2.2).

The WEED MANAGEMENT PLAN must include and address, but not limited to, the following:

a) plan(s) identifying weed types and their locations within the construction Site (refer Clause 2.4),

b) objectives, procedures and actions to prevent the spread of weeds, to reduce the levels of weed infestation within the Construction Site and adjoin areas and to improve the quality of habitat in retained vegetation,

c) methods for treatment and / or disposal of weeds and exotics and for monitoring effectiveness of weed treatments (refer Clause 2.4), in accordance with the Noxious Weeds Act, National Trust Weed Management Manual and the Introductory Weed

Management manual published by CRC Australian Weed Management 2004; and

d) procedures and actions for preventing the spread of noxious weeds into uninfested areas through movement of contaminated

plant and equipment and for ensuring that weeds are not introduced from external sources into the Construction Site and adjoining areas.

The VEGETATION MANAGEMENT / CLEARING AND GRUBBING PLAN, WEED MANAGEMENT PLAN and the WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN must be consistent with the requirements of the other RTA specifications and must supplement your CEMP

(refer RTA D&C G36).

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82 G40

Annexure E

Environmental Protection Area Sign (refer to diagram on page 14 of RTA D&C G40) VCW1

83 R174

1.4

The following definitions must apply in respect of terms used in this Specification:

Weed:

Weed species include but are not necessarily limited to, those listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories W1, W2, W3, or W4 under Noxious Weeds Act 1993. Also included under this definition are agricultural and horticultural weed species

and in particular invasive grasses such as Chloris gayana (Rhodes Grass), Phalaris sps., Eragrostis curvula complex (African Lovegrass), Andropogon Virginicus (Whiskey Grass) and Nassella trichotoma (Serrated tussock).

Where necessary, advice must be sought from a qualified landscape Officer in order to determine whether the type and/or proportion

of weed cover is significant for the purposes of this definition.

Environmental weed:Plant species, including Australian native species, which are outside their natural range or habitat. Road surface: The portion of a roadway forming the running surface for vehicular traffic together with any associated shoulder, kerb or

gutter.

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84 R174 3.1

Topsoil must comply with the requirements of AS 4419 and: a) be of a friable porous nature,

b) be free of weeds and weed seeds, c) contain no refuse or materials toxic to plant growth,

d) contain no stumps, roots, clay lumps or stones larger than 50 mm in size,

e) have an organic content of at least 5% by mass as determined by the method specified in AS 1289.4.1.1,

f) have a PH in the range of 5 to 6.5 when tested in accordance with RTA T123, g) have a soluble salt content not exceeding 0.06% by mass; and be suitable for phosphorous sensitive plants

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85 R174 3.2

Herbicides and insecticides must be currently registered for the intended use by the National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (NRA). Herbicides and insecticides must be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions supplied with

the product.

Herbicides must be glyphosate based unless otherwise required by the relevant local government authority.

Information on the registered herbicides and insecticides may be obtained from the MNRA or from the latest edition of Peskem.

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86 R174 Mulch used in the maintenance of landscape planting must be derived from trees and shrubs (other than weeds) obtained during VCW4

3.3 clearing and pruning works on site. If the mulch produced in this way is insufficient, the shortfall must be met by using imported woodchip.

Imported woodchip must comply with the following requirements: Woodchip must only be derived from waste timber. Under no circumstances must woodchip, derived from trees which have been

specifically harvested for that purpose, be accepted by the Authority.

A record of the source of hardwood chips must be maintained.

The material must comprise hardwood chips with not more than 5% fines by volume. The material must not contain bark. The average size of the woodchip must be approximately 30 mm x 20 mm x 5 mm and the maximum length of chip is not to exceed 50

mm; and It must be free of soil, weeds, stones, vermin, insects or other foreign material.

The Contractor must test the mulch for conformance to these requirements prior to using the mulch in the maintenance works.

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87 R174 Existing vegetation must be preserved and protected except where otherwise specified or directed. VCW4

5 The Contractor must organise its work methods so as to minimise damage to existing vegetation. Protective measures must include: a) movement of plant and machinery over and disturbance to existing vegetation must be kept to a minimum. Vehicles must not be

parked in vegetated or mulched beds. b) deleterious material including oil, petrol, cement, bitumen, spillage from washing operations and similar contaminants must be kept

clear of trees, shrubs and grass including their root systems.

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c) materials must not be stockpiled over root systems. d) damage to overhead tree trunks or canopies by machine or truck operations must be avoided.

88 R174 6.1

Wherever weed species listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories W1, W2, W3 or W4 under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 are present in the landscaped and vegetated areas of the Site and local Roadworks action must be taken as required

by that local government authority.

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89 R174

6.2

Grass and weed removal from landscape planting beds must be carried out at intervals of not more than 8 weeks.

Outside landscape planting beds all weed infestations by species other than those listed by the relevant local government authority as

noxious categories W1, W2, W3, or W4 under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993.

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90 R174

6.2

HOLD POINT

Process Held: Removal of weeds other than noxious categories W1, W2, W3, or W4 from areas other than landscape planting beds.

Submission Details: Details of weed infestation including location, species and area.

Release of Hold Point: The Landscape Representative will consider the submitted documents and may inspect the area prior to authorising the release of the Hold Point.

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91 R174

6.2

For species other than those listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories W1, W2, W3, or W4 under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993, hand weed, spray or use a weedwand with herbicide.

Do not spray where herbicide could fall into a watercourse or when wind conditions could cause drift outside the area to be treated or

onto desirable plants.

Grass and weeds which cannot be controlled by herbicide must be removed by hand and removed from the site. Ensure that the entire weed including all roots is removed.

Dead weeds must be lopped with the ground surface and removed from the site.

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92 R174

8

Pruning must be carried out to remove branches overhanging traffic lanes and shoulders and to maintain sightlines to other traffic or

signposts. All pruning must be in accordance with AS 4373 for Crown maintenance. Types of Crown maintenance required are:

a) Type G: to be carried out in all landscape Planting Beds. The minimum diameter of branches to be removed must be 20 mm.

b) Type D: required in all areas. The minimum diameter of branches to be removed must be 20 mm. Deadwood with hollows which may provide wildlife habitat must not be removed unless it is in a dangerous condition. The Contractor

must consult with DECC with regard to this matter. c) Type S: pruning is required:

i. To remove all limbs which come within 3 metres of the inside face of a bridge parapet or the outer edge of a road surface,

ii. To maintain visibility of road signs; and

iii. To maintain sight distances on curves and at intersections. All trees, stumps and logs of the sizes listed below which are within the clear zone for the signposted travel speed must be removed

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with a minimum of disturbance to adjacent shrubs and ground covers. The sizes of the trees, stumps and logs which must be removed are specified in Table R174.3. (Refer to Table R174.3.)

Holes remaining after trees and stumps have been grubbed must be backfilled promptly with sound material to prevent the infiltration and ponding of water. The backfilling material must be compacted to at least the relative compaction of the material existing in the

adjacent ground. The final 50 mm of backfilling must be topsoil and the area must be revegetated within 7 days of the removal of the

stump.

All materials, including prunings from native trees and shrubs, must be converted to mulch for use during landscape maintenance under the deed. This requirement is subject to the following constraints:

(A) Where the native vegetation removed is insufficient to provide the quantities needed, all native trees and shrubs removed during pruning and clearing must be mulched and stockpiled and the shortfall must be supplied as specified in Clause3.3.

under no circumstances must the extent of pruning and clearing be extended or weeds or exotic species be used to make up

any shortfall of mulch.

(B) Where the quantity of mulch produced would exceed the quantity required under the deed the excess must be removed from the site.

Mulch must be stockpiled to a maximum height of 2 m and a maximum width of 8 m. The stockpile must be monitored and turned over as required to avoid spontaneous combustion.

93 R174

9

The Contractor must maintain mulched areas in a weed free condition as specified in Clause 6.

Where reinstatement of mulch is required, the mulch must be placed over the existing mulched area but kept clear of plant stems.

Mulch must be uniformly applied at a rate of 1 cubic metre per 10 square metres of surface.

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94 R174

10

Carry out maintenance watering at the following application rates:

i. 20 litres of water per plant at weekly intervals for the first 12 weeks,

ii. 10 litres of water per plant at fourteen (14) day intervals thereafter.

Notwithstanding the watering application rates specified above, ensure that a distinct level of moisture in the soil is maintained at all

times during the Landscaping Maintenance Period and that plants do not dry out during this period. The frequency of watering may be varied during periods of adequate rainfall.

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95 R174

12

Plants must be sprayed to control disease and insect infestation when required.

Spraying must only be undertaken ion windless days 9wind speeds of less than 10 km/hr). Records must be maintained of the following:

a) type of chemical to be used, b) plant species to be treated,

c) extent of the infestation; and

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d) timing of the proposed application. Spraying must not be undertaken where there is risk that a pesticide could enter into a watercourse or when wind conditions could

cause drift outside of the area to be treated.

96 R174

14.2

The Contractor must inspect all plants before transporting them to the site and again on arrival and must reject any which do not

conform to the Specification.

The loading, transportation and unloading of plants must be undertaken in a manner that causes minimal disturbance to the rootball and

the overall stability of the plants. During transportation and \on site storage. Plant containers must be kept moist at all times to prevent dehydration.

The storage of plants must be at a site located in an area protected from wind, dust and vermin and accessible to an adequate water supply.

Plants suffering from stress or that have been damaged, due to the Contractor’s neglect and/or mishandling, must be rejected.

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97 R174

14.3.1

Replacement trees and shrubs must be planted in the same position as the plant being replaced. Plants to be replaced must be marked

by a coloured ribbon. HOLD POINT

Processes Held: Commencement of Planting Operations Submission Details: The Contractor must mark all plants to be replaced and then give at least 7 days written notice of the date and

time at which tree and shrub replacement planting is due to commence.

Release of Hold Point: The Landscape Representative will inspect the positions for all replacement trees and shrubs prior to release of

Hold Point. The existing plant must be removed and all weeds in the vicinity removed in accordance with Clause 6. The area enclosed within a circle

of 1.5 m radius around the plant must be cleared by slashing to a height of not more than 100 mm and then cultivated to a depth of 400 mm.

All slashings must be removed from site.

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98 R174

14.4.4

The Contractor must maintain mulch in a weed free condition. VCW43

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99 R174

19

The Contractor must arrange visits to the site at least once each month by a qualified Landscape Officer to determine the status of the

area covered by the Deed and the effectiveness of maintenance previously carried out and in progress. Items to be noted include:

a) presence of weeds or nuisance growth,

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b) state of mowed areas, c) state of vegetative groundcover in vegetated areas within the Site, including but not limited to batters and median areas,

d) areas requiring pruning or removal of dead plants, e) state of mulch in mulched areas and mulched areas requiring weeding,

f) areas requiring fertilising,

g) presence of insect pests or plant diseases; and

h) missing or dead plants which may need replacing. Areas if interest and items which may be recommended for remedial action must be photographed using a camera which records the

date on the negative or, for digital cameras, records the date as part of the data.

100 R174

Annexure 2

ANNEXURE R174/2 – SCHEDULE OF HOLD POINTS AND IDENTIFIED RECORDS

1. Schedule of Hold Points

6.2 Notification of a weed infestation

12.3.1 Advise plant locations have been marked and date and time of planting 1. Schedule of Identified Records

The records listed below are Identified Records for the purposes of RTA D&C Q6 Annexure Q/E. 17 Maintenance Inspection Reports

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101 R178 Weed contaminated topsoil: Weed contaminated topsoil is material which contains or is likely to contain a significant proportion of

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1.3 potentially invasive weed species which are known to spread by residual seed or propagules contained in the soil.

Weed species include but are not necessarily limited to those listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories

W1, W2, W3 and W4 under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993. Also included under this definition are agricultural and horticultural weed

species and in particular invasive grasses such as Chloris gayana (Rhodes Grass), Phalaris sps., Eragrotis curvula (African Lovegrass), Andropogon virginicus (Whisky Grass) and Nassella trichotoma (Serrated tussock).

Where necessary, advice must be sought from a qualified Landscape Officer in order to determine whether the type and /or proportion of weed cover is significant for the purposes of this definition.

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102 R178

2.1.2

Do not use weed contaminated topsoil in the Project Works and Temporary Works.

Bury the weed contaminated topsoil away from any pavement, structure, watercourse or drainage path and with a cover of inert fill of a

minimum 500 mm compacted thickness. The inert fill must: a) Be from the specified earthworks

b) Be free of any material with a particle size exceeding 75 mm c) Have a Plasticity index between 10 and 20 when tested in accordance with RTA T109; and

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d) Be placed and compacted in accordance with the requirements for embankments in RTA D&C R44. Spread uncontaminated topsoil over the burial area and revegetated within 7 days.

103 R178

2.1.3 Where imported general purpose topsoil is required, it must be a blend of sand, natural soil and organic materials to be suitable for the culture of all plant material and in particular exotic and native grasses. It must:

a) be of a friable porous nature,

b) contain no refuse or materials toxic to plant growth,

c) contain no stumps, roots, clay lumps or stones larger than 50mm in size,

d) have an organic content of at least 5% by mass as determined by the method specified in AS 1289 D1..1 Part D, e) have a PH in the range of 5 to 6.5 when tested in accordance with RTA T123,

f) have a soluble salt content not exceeding 0.06% by mass, g) be suitable for phosphorus sensitive plants; and

h) be free of weed and weed refuse material.

HOLD POINT

Process Held: Delivery of imported general purpose topsoil.

Submission Details: At least 7 days prior to delivery, a statement verifying that the topsoil complies with specified requirements. The statement must quote test results and must certify that the topsoil is not contaminated topsoil.

Release of Hold Point: The Nominated Authority will consider the submitted documents and test records prior to authorising the release of the Hold Point.

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104 R178

2.2

Herbicides used must be currently registered for the treatment of weeds by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines

Authority (APVMA). Use herbicides in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions supplied with the product. Herbicides must be

glyphosate based unless otherwise required by the relevant local government authority.

Information on registered herbicides may be obtained from the APVMA Internet site www.apvma.gov.au

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105 R178

2.5

Straw to be used in mulching operations must be derived from cereal crops comprising wheat, oats and rice. Meadow hay must not be

used. Straw must be certified as free of weeds.

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106 R178

2.9

Dye used in herbicide spraying, hydroseeding and hydromulching applications must be a biodegradable, red or green coloured

vegetable dye, as applicable.

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107 R178 3.1.1

Herbicide must comply with the Pesticides Act 1999. Before commencement of any herbicide spraying, comply with the requirements of RTA D&G 36 on public notification of pesticide use.

Where weed infestation is present: a) for those species listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories W1, W2, W3 or W4 under the Noxious

Weeds Act, take action as required by the Act and local government authority;

b) for all other species spray with the specified herbicide.

A biodegradable red dye is to be included with the herbicide spray. The dye content used must be sufficient to ensure that the treated areas can be identified.

Areas sprayed with herbicide must remain undisturbed for a minimum period of two weeks or such longer period as is recommended by the herbicides manufacturer.

Do not spray herbicides in windy weather (wind speeds of 10 km/hr or greater) or within such distance of a watercourse which would

permit the herbicide to enter the water.

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108 R178 3.2

Topsoil any areas to be vegetated which do not have topsoil cover. All uncontaminated topsoil stockpiled at the commencement of the earthworks must be used in the vegetation work. Imported topsoil

may be used to make up any shortfall in the quantity available from the site. Spray any undesirable grass/weed growth occurring on topsoil stockpiles with an herbicide before spreading the topsoil. More than one

application of herbicide may be required. Apply the last application of herbicide not less than 2 weeks before spreading or such longer

period as is recommended by the manufiurer.

Apply topsoil uniformly at a rate of 1 cubic metre per 20 square metres of surface to all areas which are to be topsoil except stepped batters. Where batters have been stepped, loosely cover the steps to provide a wedge of topsoil on each step which is 30 to 70 mm

deep against the vertical face at the back of the step. On slopes which are 5 to 1 or flatter, cultivate the topsoiled area to a depth of 50mm by a diamond harrow to provide a roughened

surface with soil lumps not exceeding 50 mm dimension.

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109 R178

3.3.2

Storage tanks, containers and equipment to be used in hydromulching, hydroseeding and straw mulching must be clean and free of

contamination from previous operations. The hydromulch, hydroseed and straw mulch must comprise the relevant materials listed I

Table R178.1 applied at the rates set out in Table R178.1. (refer to Table R178.1). Place hydromulch /hydroseed slurry mixtures by

adding the specified mateRrials into the tank and agitate until a homogenous blend is obtained. Refer to Annexure R178/D for the approximate number of loads required per hectare of spraying, for tank capacities, in order to achieve the specified rates in Table

R178.1 and the minimum thickness of the sprayed layer specified in Clause 3.4.

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110 R178 3.4.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Design Documentation, sow areas with slopes of 5 to 1 or flatter, using one of the following methods: a) dry sowing, in accordance with Clause 3.4.2; or

b) for small areas only, by hand. Unless otherwise shown in the Design Documentation drawings, sow areas with slopes steeper than 5 to 1 in any direction, using one of

the following methods:

i. hydroseeding and straw mulching; or

ii. hydromulching; or iii. for rock face batters, hydroseeding; or

iv. for small areas only, by hand. Stepped batters must be topsoiled as described in Clause 3.2 and hydroseeded or hydromulched.

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111 R178

4.1

Treat weed infestation in accordance with Clause 3.1 but without using herbicides.

Where shown in the Design Documentation drawings, apply the following protective treatment immediately to all or part of the surface

to be vegetated.

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112 R178

4.2

Apply seed and fertiliser uniformly at the rates specified in the Design Documentation drawings by one of the following procedures, as

shown in the Design Documentation drawings: a) by hydroseeding or hydromulching (Clauses3.3.2 and 3.4.3; or

b) by hand.

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113 R178

6

Vegetate stockpiles, stockpile sites and other areas to control erosion and weed invasion with the following cover crop species:

a) Rye Corn (during the months of April to August) at a rate of 35 kg per hectare.

b) Japanese Millet (during the months of September to march) at a rate of 35 kg per hectare.

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114 R178

7

Restore areas outside the limits of the Works which are distributed by you (such areas for compounds, material storage, access and haul roads) with vegetation in accordance with the requirements of this Specification.

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115 R178

8

Maintain all vegetated areas until established or until Construction Completion, whichever occurs first.

Water areas where and when required. Water by means of a fine spray which causes minimal disturbance to the seeded areas.

Water the turf immediately after laying until the underlay is moistened to its full depth. Continue watering every second day for the first 14 days, then at regular intervals to maintain a discernible level of soil moisture until the turf is established. Turf must not be allowed to

dry out during the establishment period. Turf that is deemed to have died through the Contractor’s neglect, must be replaced.

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Clear dead vegetation from areas showing poor growth or damage and replace all lost topsoil. Then recultivate and reseed the area.

Control weeds as described in Clause 3.1.1.

116 R178

Annexure C

ANNEXURE R178/C – SCHEDULE OF HOLD POINTS AND IDENTIFIED RECORDS

Refer to Clause 1.2.3

C1 Schedule of Hold and Witness Points

2.1.3 HOLD Delivery of imported topsoil 3.3 HOLD Use of off site pre-treated seed

C2 Schedule of Identified Records The records listed below are Identified Records for the purposes of RTA D&C Q6 Annexure Q/E.

2.1 Verification of compliance of imported topsoil

2.3 Name/s of proposed seed supplier/s

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117 R179

1.3

Definitions: Weed: Weed species include but are not necessarily limited to those listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories W1, W2, W3 or W4 under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993. Also included under this definition are agricultural and

horticultural weed species, in particular:

a) Invasive grasses such as Chloris gayana (Rhods grass), Chloris gayana (Rhodes Grass), Phalaris sps., Eragrotis curvula (African Lovegrass), Andropogon virginicus (Whisky Grass) and Nassella trichotoma (Serrated tussock), Cortaderia selloana (Pamapas Grass) and Sporobolus africanus (Giant Parramatta Grass);

b) Annual and perennial weeds including Biden pilosa (Farmer’s Friend), Conyza albida (Fleabane), Argentina ademorphora (Crofton weed), Sida rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne), Verbena bonariensis (Purpletops), Keinus communis (Castor Oil Plant), Cirsium vulgare (Scotch Thistle), Baccaris halimifolia (Groundsel Bush), Trifolium repens (White Clover), Trifolium fragiferum (Strawberry Clover), Ligustrum lucidum (Large Leaf Privet), Ligustrum sinesse (Small Leaf Privet), Cassia bicapsularis (Butterfly Bush), Taracacum officinale (Dandelion), Lantana camara (Lantana), Nothoscodum gracile (Onion weed), Foeniculuim vaulgare (Fennel), Chrysanthermoides monilifera (Boneseed), Datura stramonium (Thornapple), Polygonum aviculare (Wire Weed), Araujia hortaorum (Mothvine), Rubus fruticosus (Blackberry), Portulaca oleracea (Pigweed), Pericaria capitata (Knotweed) Euphorbia peplus (Caustic Weed), Cerastium glomeratum (Chickweed), Hypochoeris radicata (Catsear), Genista monspessulana (Bloom) and Gomplocarpus fruticosa (Cotton Bush).

Where necessary advice must be sought from the RTA Landscape Representative in order to determine whether the type and /or proportion of weed cover is significant for the purposes of this definition.

Weeds may include environmental weeds.

Environmental weeds: Plant species including Australian native species which are outside their natural range or habitat such as Acacia

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saligna.

118 R179

2.2

Woodchip mulch used in landscape planting must, to the extent possible, be derived from trees and shrubs removed during the clearing and grubbing works on the site. If the mulch produced in this way is insufficient, make up the shortfall by using imported hardwood chip.

Hardwood chip must comply with the following requirements: a) Hardwood chip must only be derived from waste hardwood timber. Woodchip derived from trees which have specifically

harvested for that purpose will not be accepted under any circumstances.

b) A record of the source of hardwood chips must be maintained.

c) The material must comprise hardwood chips not more than 5% fines by volume, and must not contain any bark.

d) The average size of the woodchip must be approximately 30mm x 20mm x 5mm and the maximum length of chip must not exceed 50mm.

e) Harwood chip must be free of soil, weeds, stones, vermin, insects or other foreign material.

Prior to use, test the woodchip for conformity with these requirements. Do not use tub-ground mulch.

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119 R179

2.6

Weedmat must be 100% organic fibre type. Nominal thickness of the mat must be 6 mm with a density of between 600 and 650 grams

per square metre.

For individual planting, the dimensions of the weedmat must be: a) Forestry and Semi Advanced: 370 mm x 370 mm square,

b) Advanced (200 mm dia.): 600 mm x 600 mm square, c) Super Advanced (>25 L): 1 000 mm x 1 000 mm square.

For mass planting in mulched beds, use whole rolls of weedmat and install them in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations.

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120 R179

2.8

Herbicides and pesticides must be currently registered for their intended use by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA).

Information on registered herbicides and pesticides may be obtained from the APVMA Internet website www.apvma.gov.au

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120 a R179

2.10

Turf for specific lawn areas along medians and roadsides must be Zoysia ‘Empire’ or equivalent. Selected turf must be 25 mm thick of dense, well rooted grass. Turf must be verdant and fresh when delivered and be free of weeds,

soil pests and disease and must be accompanied with a “Certificate of Authenticity” from the supplier. The turf must be mown and

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freshly cut in long lengths, of uniform width not less than 300 mm, and in sound unbroken condition.

120a R179

2.11

Turf underlay used must be topsoil material, but may be general purpose topsoil in accordance with RTA D&C R178.

The soil mix must not contain any of the following:

i. materials toxic to humans and plant health,

ii. plant roots of diameter greater than 12 mm, iii. clay lumps; and

iv. stones greater than 10 mm size.

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121 R179

2.12

Imported organic topsoil must be weed-free “organic type” sooil mix that conforms with AS 44196 and suitable for the culture of plant

material in landscape areas. It must: a) be of a friable porous nature,

b) contain no refuse or materials toxic to plant growth, c) contain no stumps, roots, clay lump or stones larger than 25 mm in size,

d) have an organic content of at least 15% to 20% by mass as determined by the method specified in AS 1289 D1.1 Part D,

e) have a pH in the range of 5 to 6.5 when tested in accordance with RTA T123,

f) have a soluble salt content not exceeding 0.06% by mass, g) be suitable for phosphorus sensitive plants; and

h) be free of weed and weed refuse material. Obtain a statement verifying that the topsoil complies with the specified requirements. The statement must quote test results and must

certify that the topsoil is not contaminated topsoil.

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122 R179

2.15

Dye used in herbicide spraying must be biodegradable, red coloured vegetable dye. VCW36

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123 R179

3.1

Carry out planting within seven (7) days of site seeding operations, to avoid unnecessary disturbance to areas of existing vegetation and

to areas of the works previously topsoiled and/or seeded, hydroseeded or hydromulched.

Do not carry out planting in dry soil in hot and dry weather conditions.

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124 R179

3.3

Preserve and protect existing vegetation except where otherwise specified or directed.

Protective measures for existing vegetation include:

a) minimising machinery movement over and disturbance to seeded and vegetated surfaces and surfaces adjacent to existing

trees,

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b) keeping deleterious material including oil, petrol, cement, bitumen, spillage from washing operations and similar contaminants

clear of trees, shrubs and grass including their root systems,

c) no stockpiling of materials over root systems; and

d) avoiding damage to overhead tree canopies by machine or truck operations.

Organise planting work and methods so as to minimise damage to surface vegetative work already completed under the deed.

Rectify any damage to existing vegetation caused by your landscape planting operations or associated works. Where weed infestation occurs, take the following action before clearing planting areas:

125 R179 a) for those species listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories W1, W2, W3 or W4 under the Noxious VCW4

3.5.1 Weeds Act 1993, take action as required by the Act and the local government authority: and b) for all other species, spray with herbicide.

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Use an appropriate herbicide or pesticide for the intended purpose subject to the specific requirements of the relevant local government authority. The choice of herbicide or pesticide used must be based on health and environmental considerations. Use herbicides and pesticides in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions supplied with the product. Before spraying, follow the RTA Pesticide Use Notification Plan and comply with the requirements of RTA D&C G36 on public notification of pesticide use. The operator must wear protective clothing and equipment when mixing and using herbicides and pesticides. A biodegradable red dye is to be included in the herbicide spray. The dye content used must be sufficient to ensure that the treated areas can be identified. Do not spray herbicide in windy weather (wind of 10km/hr or greater) or within such distance of a watercourse which would permit the herbicide to enter the water. Areas sprayed with herbicide must remain undisturbed for two weeks or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever is the longer period. Follow up with a second herbicide spray to ensure complete removal of weeds. Unused herbicide and pesticide and empty containers must be used elsewhere, recycled or safely disposed of.

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126 R179

3.5.2

Clear the following areas by slashing down to a height of not more than 100mm: a) for mass planting in mulched beds, the areas of the mulched beds: and

b) for individual plantings, the area of each planting copse, together with a perimeter area 1.5m wide.

Remove, recycle or dispose of all slashings in a legally and environmentally responsible manner from the site. Spray all planting areas

with approved herbicide and leave for two weeks before commencing excavation.

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127 R179 After weed removal by slashing and spraying operation, cultivate as follows: VCW45

3.5.3 a) Mass planting in mulched bed: Cultivate all mulched areas for mass planting to a depth of 200mm by tractor mounted rotary hoe or similar equipment. Remove weeds, stumps, roots, clay lumps and stones greater than 50mm and all other extraneous

material not conducive to optimum plant growth. Place 100mm deep organic topsoil over the areas to be planted. Rake the




areas to provide an even surface for the installation of the weedmat. Final soil surface levels must be 75mm below top of kerb or footpath.

Individual planting in copse: Where individual planting is to be carried out on slopes of 3 to 1 gradient or flatter, rip the copse area to a

depth of 400mm along each line of planting with tractor mounted tynes set at 300mm centres. Each line of planting requires to passes with the second pass in the opposite direction to the first.

128 R179

4.1

Maintain all landscape planting works in accordance with the requirements of Clause 4 until Construction Completion. VCW45

129 R179

4.2.1

Carry out maintenance inspections of the plantings at intervals not exceeding one month. VCW45

130 R179

4.2.2

Submit a written report to the RTA’s representative within four (4) days of each maintenance inspection.

The report must include the date of visit, maintenance works completed, maintenance works in progress and maintenance works required. The report must give details of damaged, dead or missing plants and show their locations on the relevant sheets of the

Drawings.

The report must also identify separately any damage to landscape planting which has not been caused by you. Rectification work to any such damage will be in accordance with Clause 4.7

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131 R179

4.4

Maintain woodchip mulch in weed free condition and reinstate the woodchip mulch / weedmat as necessary.

During each maintenance Inspection, inspect all mulched areas and, where necessary, top up all areas to maintain the depth of

woodchip mulch as specified in Clause 3.6.3.

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132 R179

4.5

Weed Control: Keep all planting areas, and up to the limit of clearing as specified in Clause 3.5.2 free of grass and weed.

Carry out grass and weed removal at intervals of not more than 4 weeks and ensure that weeds do not flower and form seed heads.

For those species listed by the relevant local government authority as noxious categories W1, W2, W3 or W4 under the Noxious Weeds

Act 1993, take action required by that local government authority. For all other species, spray with herbicide in accordance with

manufacturer’s recommendations.

Do not spray where herbicide could fall into a watercourse or when wind conditions could cause drift outside the area to be treated or

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onto desirable plants.

After spraying, lop any dead weeds flush with the ground surface and dispose of the cuttings.

Remove by hand any weeds which cannot be controlled by herbicide. Ensure that the entire weed including all roots is removed. Dispose of the weeds oVCW site.

133 R179

4.6

Disease and Insect Control: Plants must be sprayed with pesticides to control disease and insect infestation when and where required.

Spraying must only be undertaken on windless days (wind speeds of less than 10 km/hr). Records must be maintained for the following:

a) Type of chemical to be used b) Plant species to be treated

c) Extent of the infestation d) Timing of the proposed application

Spraying must not be undertaken where there is a risk that pesticide could enter into a watercourse or when wind conditions could

cause drift outside of the area to be treated.

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134 R179

4.9

Carry out all pruning in accordance with AS 4373. VCW27

135 R179

4.11

Remove all rubbish and debris left by you within the area of landscape planting, and recycle or dispose of them in a responsible manner, and leave the site in a clean and tidy condition.

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136 R179

Annexure C

C1 Schedule of Hold Points

3.4 Advice that the setting out of all planting positions is complete.

3.6.2 Advice that planting holes are ready for inspection.

C2 Schedule of Identified Records

The records listed below are Identified Records for the purposes of RTA D&C Q6 Annexure Q/E

4.2 Maintenance Inspection Reports.

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137 R201

4.3.1

Undertake clearing in such a way that no survey marks are disturbed. Comply with RTA D&C G 71.

Where a new fence replaces an existing fence on the same line, remove all existing fencing material in accordance with the

requirements of Clause 5.

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138 R201

4.3.2

For a clear width of 1m on either side along the full length of the fenceline, remove all logs, boulders, stumps, roots, undergrowth and rubbish. Remove all trees within this area with a trunk diameter of less than 100mm, measured 500mm above the ground. Mark any

trees within this area with a trunk diameter exceeding 100mm, measured 500mm above the ground, with coloured tape, but do not remove these trees unless approval is given by the Environmental Manager.

HOLD POINT: Process held: Removal of trees with trunk diameter exceeding 100mm

Submission details: Locations of marked trees

Release of hold point: Environmental Manger will inspect the trees to determine which trees must be removed prior to authorising

the release of the Hold Point.

If trees on or adjacent to the fence line must be retained, do not strain wires around or against any tree. Provide Strainer Posts adjacent to and on both sides of the tree.

Undertake clearing operations without causing any damage to trees and native vegetation outside the limits of clearing specified.

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139 R201

4.3.3

Clear the least possible area required to erect the fence. Take care to avoid disturbing existing utilities, landscaping and structures and

make good any damage.

Where a new fence replaces an existing fence, remove all the existing fencing material in accordance with the requirements of Clause 5.

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140 R201

Annexure B

C1 Schedule of Hold Points

4.3.2 Removal of trees with trunk diameter exceeding 100mm.

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141 SWTC Appendix 4

4.12

Further to other sensitive receivers identified elsewhere in the deed, sensitive receivers identified in this sub-section and elsewhere in this Appendix are as defined in RTA D&C G36. The following two properties must be identified and treated as sensitive receivers:

(a) Lot 14 DP 80 I 186, Property Owner Robert Hood. The property is a specialist stone fruit farm with extensive netting areas to protect

fruit. Potential risks from the Project Works and the Contractor's Work include dust generated from the earthworks, shade from inappropriate landscaping, pests and vermin.

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(b) Lot 5 DP594645, Property Owner Pam and Martin Brookes - Brook Farm. This property is an internationally recognised producer of

high quality macadamia products, is an organic farm and a demonstration model industry farm with regular property Inspection, and

includes processing sheds and equipment Potential risks from the Project Works, include dust contamination generated from the

earthworks, restricted property access for regular deliveries, chemical/biological contamination, noise and vibration.

These two properties must be identified In the Sensitive Area plans required by RTA D&C G36 and In the Community Communication

Strategy. Specific management measures must be developed in consultation with the property owner including, as a minimum best

practice management measures for dust monitoring and control including early revegetation (stabilisation) of cut and fill batters and the retention of existing buffer vegetation until the site is stabilised; noise; vibration; and contamination management and control measures,

including those for spray drift of herbicides or chemical compounds. The Contractor must provide contact details for the Contractor's site representative at all times.

142 SWTC

Appendix 4

4.22

The Contractor must remove all camphor laurel and plantation vegetation including, but not limited to, bananas, hybrid macadamia.

coffee, avocados and passionfruit from the Construction Site. Removal and disposal must be in accordance with requirements of Authorities.

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143 SWTC Appendix 5

5.2.3

The fauna rescue procedure must address the control of all clearing operations to minimise fauna injury and must include procedures to reduce risks from vehicle impacts to fauna in newly cleared areas.

The fauna rescue procedure must address, as a minimum, the following requirements:-

(a) The contact details for the fauna specialists must be identified and kept at a convenient location on the Construction Site and must

be available to the relevant Contractor's management and supervisory personnel at all locations where clearing is being undertaken, to enable quick contact and access with the specialists.

(b) Prior to undertaking clearing at any location or time, a pre-clearing assessment must be undertaken by the fauna specialists to identify the presence or evidence of the presence (including fresh scats, scratches and remains of prey) of fauna. The assessment must

include processes and actions to protect or rescue the identified fauna. including koalas, bat colonies and roosts, glider dens and native

bees.

(c) Hollow bearing trees, potential hollow bearing trees and all other fauna containing habitat trees must be marked in a manner which clearly identifies and demarcates the trees.

(d) The Contractor must implement a two stage approach to clearing. Non-habitat trees must be removed at least 48 hours before habitat trees are removed, unless otherwise agreed with DECCW, to allow fauna an opportunity to move from habitat trees and allow

time to concentrate rescue efforts on the trees that are most likely to be inhabited. Felled trees must be left for a short period of time

on the ground to give any fauna trapped in the trees an opportunity to escape before further processing of the trees.

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(e) An assessment of habitat trees and the handling of the fauna affected by the clearing activities must be undertaken. The assessment must address all elements of the implementation, outcomes and effectiveness of the fauna rescue procedure, including.

(i) the identification and assessment of habitat trees affected by the clearing activities, including details on the checks by the fauna specialist on trees for fauna, nests and the like, and the implementation of the fauna rescue procedure; and

(ii) shocked and injured animal care and handling.

(f) Procedures for the relocation of non-injured fauna from clearing areas and operations, including the identification of appropriate

locations, timings and weather conditions for the relocation of non-injured fauna. (g) Procedures for handling injured fauna from clearing areas and operations, including details on liaison with wildlife rescue groups,

veterinary surgeons and any other appropriate organisations or individuals.

144 SWTC Appendix 5

5.2.5

Following the completion of clearing operations and any bridge and culvert structures removal, the Contractor, in consultation with the fauna specialist(s), must prepare a report that:

(a) details the assessment of habitat trees and the handling of the fauna affected by the clearing activities undertaken in accordance. with the requirements of section 5.2.3 of this Appendix;

(b) details the clearing and structures removal operations, including procedures, dates, areas and information on the fauna specialist(s)

present during the clearing and structures removal operations;

(c) details any live animals that were sighted, captured, released, injured or shocked; (d) details dead animals that were found as a result of clearing and structures removal operations and fauna rescue;

(e) details trees being used for breeding or roosting by fauna, including their species, locations, sizes, heights and depths of hollows in trees;

(f) details any bridge or culvert structure being used for breeding or roosting by fauna, including their species, locations, sizes, gap

heights and depths;

(g) includes photo images of rescued fauna; and (h) includes records of road kill during the clearing period.

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145 SWTC Requirements from the Threatened Plant Impact Minimisation Strategy VCW4

Appendix 14 Further to requirements of Section 4.30 of Appendix 4 of SWTC and condition 2.3 of the Planning Minister’s Approvals, the Contractor VCW18

14.3 must:

a) avoid impacts to threatened flora from the Contractor’s Work VCW1

b) develop measures to avoid indirect impacts to known in-situ threatened flora in proximity to construction areas, including at: VCW8

i) rainforest Patch 6a between approximate Chainage 22450 and 22600.east of the Existing Highway, by minimising encroachment of

the Project Works and Temporary Works into the rainforest; VCW6




ii) the former Curnow property at approximate Chainage 14100, by maximising the width of buffer from the Project Works to the good

quality rainforest regrowth areas which contain the remaining in-situ rainforest species; and

iii) the former part of the Cooke property at approximate Chainage 18560, by maximising the width of buffer from the Project Works to the good quality rainforest regrowth areas which contain the remaining in-situ rainforest species.

c) incorporate the locations of all known threatened flora into all relevant sensitive area plans and Design Documentation, including

design drawings and plans, throughout the design and construction stages d) protect during construction and operation activities all in-situ threatened flora located within the Construction Site and all other areas

affected by the Contractor’s Work that could potentially be used for ancillary sites by a range of measures directed at maintaining the

species and their habitat in good condition

e) implement the following safeguards construction activities, including clearing activities: i)"No Go Zones" must be designated at all in-situ threatened flora locations to be protected within and adjoining the Construction Site;

ii)High visibility fencing must be installed around the perimeter of each threatened species location that is to be retained in-situ before the start of vegetation clearing. The fencing must be kept in good repair during the construction period. A sign identifying the site as an

Environmental Protection Area must be attached to the fences;

iii)All the Contractor's personnel must be informed at regular tool box sessions of the importance of observing protective measures for

threatened plant species and the consequences of any damage occurring, whether accidental or not; iv)Flagging tape must be attached to all in-situ threatened flora to improve visibility for plant and machinery operators

v)All "No-Go Zones" and Environmental Protection Areas must be clearly marked on Sensitive Area Plans and all relevant Design Documentation, including design drawings, used in day to day management of construction activities

f) implement the following minimum safeguards during clearing and other construction activities to minimise any potential edge effects

on adjoining vegetation to all in-situ threatened flora locations:

i) Sedimentation fencing must be installed along vegetation edges at in-situ threatened flora sites, set back from the stem / trunk at the edge of its crown, and at the edge of endangered ecologic communities (EEC) and rainforest revegetation locations. Sedimentation

fencing must be monitored regularly and repaired if damaged or filled with trapped sediment.

ii) Effective landscaping and revegetation must be used at the boundary of cleared areas and uncleared vegetation. (g) ensure the Urban Design and Landscape Plan and Environmental Management Plan contain specific vegetation reinstatement actions

for each roadside threatened flora location to ensure that these sites are adequately buffered with fast growing, appropriate native species and that weeds are not allowed to become dominant. The plans must contain separate and unique implementation schedules

with actions and targets for each of the in-situ threatened flora locations and must not be included solely in the general landscape and

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revegetation detailing.

(h) avoid weed invasion by:

i) using weed free topsoil with mulch and planted with ground covers or other low landscape plantings:

ii) providing rapid revegetation of bare areas with hardy native species, using either dense shrubbery and / or ground layer plants such as native grasses and Lomandra, to produce a dense ground cover that excludes weeds:

(i) ensure that the habitat in and surrounding all populations of in-SITU threatened flora species is restored to high quality habitat by

carrying out bush regeneration and weed control during the Landscaping Maintenance Period:

(j) protect during all construction activities all in-situ threatened flora located

within the Construction Site and outside of the construction footprint, including in-SITU threatened flora located on Extra Land, as detailed in Table 14.2 (refer to Appendix 14):

(k). manage any unforeseen impacts by:

i) consulting with the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH), Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DoPI and RTA to

determine the appropriate approval and / or management measures necessary; and

ii) undertaking a consistency assessment against the Planning Approval.

146 SWTC Appendix 15

15.1

(a) The Project Works must:

(iv) provide a road corridor that is well vegetated, with planting that matches the character of the local landscape and adjoining vegetation communities as closely as possible, but that retains good views to the surrounding landscape;

(viii) maximise landscaping opportunities between separate carriageways, including the upgraded highway, on and off ramps, local

access roads and the Existing Pacific Highway to ensure that the landscape remains the most important visual element;

(x) have a consistent urban and landscape design quality throughout and be compatible with the Pacific Highway upgrade in general;

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147 SWTC Appendix 15

15.6.1

(a) . The landscape and planting design must:

(i) provide an attractive approach and departure to the developed areas along the route;

(ii) match to the existing spatial sequence of the landscape adjoining the Project Works,

(iii) reinforce enclosure when passing through forest and woodland areas;

(iv) provide long distance views for road users when such views are available;

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(v) retain existing district views for residents;

(vi) reduce the visibility of the Project Works from townships, farms and homesteads;

(vii) reflect adjoining landscape and vegetation patterns identified in the Environmental Documents in order to integrate the road

landscape, create a varied sequence of views and enclosure and to reduce the linear effect of the upgraded highway, provide visual interest and enjoyment and to reduce the potential for driver fatigue;

(viii) use tree planting along local access roads to create the character of a country lane or avenue while allowing filtered views of the

surrounding country side;

(ix) fulfil the environmental, safety and functional requirements, including minimised whole of life maintenance costs, identified in the

Environmental Documents and the Scope of Works and Technical Criteria;

(x) provide screening of the road from the viewer locations including screen plantings within individual properties where required and / or identified in the Environmental Documents;

(xi) mitigate the visual impact of fauna fencing and overhead power lines;

(xii) revegetate cuttings and embankments to maintain the character of undulating green hills against the horizon line;

(xiii) retain and protect existing roadside vegetation in order to minimise the degree of visual change.

(xiv) enhance the experience of the plantation landscape that occurs through the Emigrant Creek and Skinners Creek Valley;

(xv) utilise the strategic placement of new plantings and vegetation works to frame desirable views for road users; and

(xvi) remove noxious trees and improve creek and valley habitat from the Construction Site.

(b) Topsoil used in the landscaping works must be weed free, where weed free topsoil means topsoil or other growing medium which is

free of weeds or other unintended or undesirable species,

(c) Distinctive and locally characteristic semi-mature tree plantings must be used to emphasise junctions to local towns and rest areas or

to provide character along the route and to rest areas.

(d) The plant species and mixes of the landscape design must conform to the landscape zones through which the Project Works pass,

including agrarian areas,

(e) New planting and seeding must be integrated with existing vegetation to reinforce local and remnant vegetation patterns and to

maintain or enhance existing landscape character.

(I) Landscape treatments adjacent to and within half the average crown height of forested areas retained following clearing must be

limited to revegetation by seeding,




(g) The retention of existing vegetation (including root and above-ground plant mass) must be maximised,

(h) Non-frangible planting and seeding must conform to clear zone requirements or be protected by a safety barrier with the required

allowance for barrier deflection

(i) Safe sight distances and signage must not be obscured by planting and revegetation regrowth.

(j) Setbacks must be provided for structures, roadside furniture and pathways to enable clear access for maintenance and visual

Inspections when the landscape matures.

(k) The landscape design must protect and compliment the vegetated character of the St Helena ridge line and the vegetated character

of the Ewingsdale spur, and in particular must maximise tree and shrub plantings around and above the tunnel portals and approaches to reduce their visibility and impact on Plantation Drive and on properties along St Helena Ridge.

(I) The major fill embankment to the north east of the Tunnel must be densely revegetated to reduce the visual impact of the artificial benched landform when viewed from the east, including Ewingsdale Road and distant views from Cape Byron. Tree planting must be

provided to the areas east of the realigned Plantation Drive and set out so as to ensure views to the east from the highway are maintained.

(m) The hedge and avenue of trees along the existing highway alignment at 'Clovelly Grove" must be maintained or reinstated.

(n) An individual planting scheme must be provided from the Ross Lane Interchange to mark the arrival on the elevated plateau and

maximise planting / revegetation works to visually separate individual carriageways.

(o) An individual planting scheme must be provided to mark the arrival in the heartland of macadamia production, including feature

planting of locally .endemic macadamia trees or non-fruiting decorative species.

(p) The existing Bangalow bypass planting scheme at the Bangalow interchange must be built on to define an individual planting

character marking the arrival of the Bangalow township. including Bangalow Palms.

(q) Dense shrub planting must be provided in the medians adjacent to Bangalow to provide visual separation between the existing

Pacific Highway, the future local road, and the upgraded highway and to reduce the amount of pavement visible from any roadway.

(r) Weeds in the landscaping is a non-conformance and are a Defect if they are present at the Date of Construction Completion or the

end of the Landscape Maintenance Period.

(s) A well vegetated wooded forest must be established on the southern approach to the Tunnel to enhance the drama of driving

through the Tunnel and emerging at the northern portal to expansive panoramic views and to reduce the visual prominence of the Works in the Tinderbox Creek Valley.

(t) The Ewingsdale Interchange planting must extend in an avenue formation to the northern portal of the Tunnel.




148 Appendix 15

15.6.4

(a) The Contractor must undertake soil paedology survey and analysis within each soil landscape and vegetation community type. Each

soil landscape and vegetation community type must be tested in three locations, each with three sampling depths of A I, A2 and B I

horizon. Soil testing must be undertaken by a National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) registered laboratory and include pH,

salinity, cation exchange capacity, plant available phosphorous, total organic matter, total nitrogen and carbon / nitrogen.

(b) Soil testing and any recommendations for soil management must be made by an appropriately qualified professional soil scientist

with expertise in revegetation. A copy of these recommendations must be provided to the Environmental Representative, the Project Verifier and RTA's Representative. This data must be used in the selection and design of the landscaping revegetation scheme.

(c) All topsoil re-used within landscape areas must be prepared in the following manner

(i) A representative program of soil sampling of substrate subgrades and proposed weed free topsoils to address any soil deficiencies,

including soil pH analysis, must be undertaken during the detailed design period and the results of the tests, together with advice from

a qualified professional soil scientist, must be used to determine the requirements for soil improvement and stabilisation to enable the

establishment and maintenance of successful long term seed and plant growth and vegetation cover.

(ii) Should the test results indicate that subsoils, substrate subgrades or proposed weed free topsoils contain contaminants or have

chemical properties likely to inhibit the success of the landscape restoration process, additives must be added during ripping, as required by the Soil Scientist;

(iii) Prior to the placement of topsoil, the Contractor must continuously eradicate weeds to treatment and adjoining areas, until weed growth four (4) weeks after the last spray comprises less than 5% cover, and then eradicate remaining weeds; and

(iv) The Contractor must rip the subsoil to a depth ranging from 50 - 100mm using the tynes on a swivelling head excavator bucket, or

by some other means to form a loosened or roughened surface suitable for the application of topsoil and/or seed. During ripping, mix in any materials required by the soil testing into the upper 100 mm layer to the rates specified within the soil testing recommendations.

Rip parallel to the final contours where possible. Do not rip within the drip line of trees to be retained. Do not disturb services or tree

roots, cultivating these areas by hand if necessary. Remove any weeds, rubbish or other deleterious material brought to the surface by

the ripping process.

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149 Appendix 15

15.6.6

(a) The Landscape Management Plan (LMP) required by section 21.6 of Appendix 21 must be prepared as a part of the Design

Documentation.

(b) The LMP must comply with the requirements described in Appendix C of the document titled "RTA Landscape Guideline April 2008"

and must detail all landscape maintenance actions for the Project Works.

(c) The landscape works must: -

(i) be cost effective;

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(ii) minimise ongoing maintenance requirements; and

(iii) utilise native species, dense planting, bold simple planting designs and rapid planting establishment to assist in achieving the

requirements of sub-sections 15.6.6(c)(i) and (ii).

(d) Planting and seeding must be established and thriving with in excess of 20% growth by the end of the Landscaping Maintenance

Period.

150 Appendix 36

Issue 29

The EMP must address the RTA's and the Contractor's responsibility for the conditions of the Planning Minister's Approvals.

151 Appendix 36

Issue 30

The EMP must more comprehensively address the development of procedures for controlling the introduction and spreading of weeds,

as required by clause 6.9 of RTA D&C G36. The EMP must more fully address procedures for the management of non-native vegetation, including, but not limited to, camphor laurel and agricultural and plantation vegetation, as required by clause 4.22 of Appendix 4 of the

SWTC.

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152 Appendix 36

Issue 31

Flora and fauna - The EMP must address the preparation of a construction flora and fauna management plan required by condition

6.5(b) of the Planning Minister's Approvals. PLAN-ENV-004

FFMSP

153 Appendix 36

Issue 38

Weed management - The EMP, In particular the weed management plan, must more fully address the weed management and clearing

procedure requirements including:

• clauses 2.4.2 and 2.4.3 of RTA D&C G40;

• Annexure G40/D of RTA D&C G40; and

• the vegetation clearing and mulching requirements of clauses 6.9. 1 and 6.9.2 of RTA D&C G36, including techniques for the management and treatment of camphor laurel, the benefits / disadvantages of each technique in the given situations (including

mulching and treatments to denature seeds for their re-use on site in erosion and sediment control measures), and disposal of camphor laurel materials to a sugar mill for burning.

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1.8 DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THIS PLAN

This plan is to be read in conjunction with the following plan, sub-plans, EWMS and procedures.

Table 3 Documents Related to the Weed Management Plan

Document No. Document Name

PLAN-ENV-001 Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)

PLAN-ENV-004 Flora and Fauna Management Sub-Plan (FFMSP)

PLAN-ENV-007 Soil and Water Management Sub-Plan (SWMSP)

PLAN-ENV-008 Waste Reuse and Recycling Management Sub Plan (WRRMSP)

PLAN-DM-002 Urban Design and Landscape Plan

PLAN-SF-001 Project Work Health and Safety Plan

PLAN-CI-004 Community Communications Strategy

EWMS EW-001 Vegetation Management /Clearing and grubbing / Weed management (VMCGWM)

PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed Monitoring and Control Strategy

EWMS-EW-005 Project Fencing - Construction

EWMS-EW-006 Herbicide Treatment of Camphor Laurel

EWMS-EW-007 Dewatering of Former Fish Farm

FRM-ENV-001 Weekly Inspection Checklist

FRM-ENV-003 Clean-down Declaration Certificate

FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing Ground Disturbance Permit

FRM-ENV-FF-002 Permit to Enter No-Go or Protected Areas

FRM-ENV-FF-003 Pesticides Application Records Sheet

PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna Handling and Rescue

PSP-ENV-FF-002 Nest/Roost Box Installation and Management

PSP-ENV-FF-004 Unexpected Threatened Species Finds

PSP-ENV-FF-005 PSP-ENV-FF-005 Hairy Joint Grass Management

PSP-ENV-SW-001 Refuelling procedure

ESCP Erosion and Sediment Control Plans

1.9 REVISION, CONTROL AND AMENDMENT

Revisions to this plan will be made as required and in accordance with section 1.6 of the CEMP and the Baulderstone Pty Ltd Environmental Management System (EMS).



2. CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF WEEDS The following figure shows the overall process of weeds management that is applicable to the T2E works. Ongoing monitoring and maintenance of weeds will be undertaken for 24 months after the Date of Construction Completion.

Figure 2: Method of Weed Management

2.1 WEED CLASSIFICATION

Weeds on the T2E project are defined as “a plant growing in a terrestrial or aquatic area where it is not wanted”, (RMS, 2011).

In the event of establishment of a species indicative of locally occurring EEC or a threatened species in landscaping areas, RMS would be notified as such species are not considered to be weeds and subject to procedural weed suppression techniques described in this WMP.

The main groups of weeds considered within this plan are described in GeoLINK 2012 and are listed in the Table below:

Table 4: Groups of Weeds as reported by GeoLINK, 2012

Classification Description

Weeds of National Significance (WONS) Listed under the National Weeds Strategy

National Environmental Alert List Weeds Identified under the National Weeds Strategy

Noxious Require control under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW).

Noxious weed declarations, their control class and control requirements are different for each local Government Area (LGA)

Environmental Represent a threat to the conservation values of a natural

ecosystem

Agricultural Represent a threat to agricultural population



2.2 INVESTIGATIONS TO DATE

The Project site is characterised by a cleared, agricultural landscape comprising of predominantly plantations, cattle grazing land and rural residential properties. Small patches of regrowth native vegetation are scattered throughout the construction site, however many of these are dominated by environmental and exotic weeds.

A weed survey of the construction footprint and adjoining areas has been undertaken (Geolink 2012). Weed infestations occurring within the project corridor were mapped and weed risk mapping for the corridor was undertaken. Weed mapping is attached as Attachment 3.

Investigations undertaken along the Project alignment to identify weed management issues that have been conducted to date are reflected in Table 5.

Table 5: Ecological investigations undertaken for the project to date

Investigation / report Timing Related MCoA requirement?

Prepared by

Environmental Assessment Working Paper 4 -

Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Assessment

June 2008 N/A Biosis Research

Environmental Assessment Working Paper 5 – Aquatic Ecology Assessment

June 2008 N/A The Ecology Lab Pty Ltd

T2E Pacific Highway Upgrade Project: Weed Surveys 2012

March 2012 MCoA 6.5(b)(ii) GeoLINK

2.3 WEEDS IDENTIFIED ON SITE AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

The GeoLINK survey was undertaken in January 2012 and reported in May 2012. Priority levels of risk for weed areas have been assigned to all areas of the Project site to guide weed management.

Forty-nine weed species were identified within the project corridor, including 11 noxious weed species, three aquatic weed species and thirty-five environmental / agricultural weeds (Geolink, 2012).

Plantation material (banana, macadamia, coffee, avocado and passionfruit) requiring removal / management is also present within the project corridor.

2.3.1 Noxious weeds

Noxious weed species recorded in the Project site and their Noxious Weed Classification for the Far North Coast County Council area are listed in Table 6. The Far North Coast Count Council area includes the Ballina and Byron Shires.

Table 6: Noxious weeds on the Project site (GeoLINK, 2012)

Scientific Name Common Name Class Description

Ageratina adenophora

Crofton Weed N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ageratina riparia Mistflower N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ambrosia artemisifolia

Annual Ragweed N5 Associated with pasture / grassland areas along the route

Baccharis halimifolia

Groundsel Bush N3 Scattered occurrences throughout the site in pasture / grassland locations

Cinnamomum camphora

Camphor laurel N4 Infestations along the route as isolated trees, roadside vegetation or larger Camphor dominated forest



Scientific Name Common Name Class Description

Eichhornia crassipes

Water Hyacinth N4 Within a number of artificial dams at the former Knockrow Fish Farms

Lantana camara Lantana N4/ WONS

Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ligustrum lucidum Broad-leaf Privet N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ligustrum sinense Narrow-leaf Privet N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Sporobolis fertillis Giant Parramatta Grass N4 Primary location along the eastern edge of the project

boundary along Bangalow Road

Xanthium spp. Noogoora Burr N4 Scattered infestations along the corridor but larger infestations along the southern portion of Tinderbox Creek

Noxious weeds declared under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 are required by law to be controlled by all landholders within a given control area. Noxious Weeds are mapped as Medium or High risk areas on the weed mapping (GeoLINK, 2012) and all weeds in these categories will be removed and disposed of in accordance with the mitigation measures detailed in Table 11.

The control requirements for noxious weeds within the Far North Coast County Council area are as follows:

Table 7: Control requirements for noxious weeds

Listing under the NW Act Description

N5 There are no requirements to control existing plants of Class N5 weeds. The weeds are ‘notifiable’ and a range of restrictions on their sale and movement exists

N4 The growth and spread of the plant must be controlled according to the measures specified in a management plan published by the local control authority

N3 The plant must be continually suppressed and destroyed

2.3.2 Environmental / agricultural weeds

Along the project corridor, 35 species of environmental / agricultural weeds were identified (Geolink, 2012). Environmental and Agricultural Weeds are mapped as Medium or High risk on the weed mapping (GeoLINK, 2012) and all weeds in these categories will be removed and disposed of in accordance with the mitigation measures detailed in Table 11.



Table 8: Environmental / Agricultural Weeds on the Project site (GeoLINK, 2012)

Scientific Name Common Name Gomphocarpus physocarpus Balloon Cotton Bush Xanthosoma violaceum Blue Taro Schefflera actinophylla Umbrella Tree Asparagus aethiopicus Asparagus Fern Ageratum houstonianum Blue Billygoat Weed Bidens pilosa Cobbler’s Pegs Onopordum acanthium subsp. Acanthium Scotch Thistle Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore Daisy Tagetes minuta Stinking Roger Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine Buddleja sp. Buddleja Commelina benghalensis Hairy Commelina Tradescantia fluminensis (albiflora) Wandering Jew Ipomoea cairica Coastal Morning Glory Ipomoea indica Blue Morning Glory Nephrolepis cordifolia Fishbone Fern Pteridium esculentum Bracken Erythrina X sykesii Coral Tree Senna pendula var. glabrata Winter Senna Desmodium uncinatum Silver-Leaved Desmodium Cuphea carthagenensis Cuphea Psidium guajava Guava Ochna serrulata Ochna Passiflora subpeltata White Passionflower Andropogon virginicus Whiskey Grass Paspalum mandiocanum Broad-Leafed Paspalum Paspalum urvillei Vasey Grass Setaria sphacelata South African Pigeon Grass Marraya paniculata Orange Jessamine Flacourtia indica Governors Plum Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush Solanum linnaeanum Apple of Sodom Duranta sp. Duranta Verbena bonariensis Purpletop Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrots Feather Nymphaea cerulean Blue Egyptian Water Lily Azolla filiculoides Red Azolla

2.3.3 Aquatic weeds

Aquatic weed species recorded in the Project site are listed in Table 9.

Table 9: Aquatic weeds on the Project site (GeoLINK, 2012)

Item Location

Water hyacinth Dense infestations at the former fish farm location

Blue Taro Within the Tinderbox Creek and Byron Creek system

Red Azolla and Parrots Feather Within an artificial dam, north of St Helena ridgeline

Alligator weed Downstream of Bangalow within Byron Creek

The water hyacinth infestation will be removed in accordance with EWMS-EW-007 Dewatering of Former Fish

Farm.

Other aquatic weeds will be monitored and any action required will be included as part of PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed Monitoring and Control Strategy (to be developed – refer to VCW43).



2.3.4 Plantation material

Plantation material known to exist within the project corridor comprises:

• Banana,

• Macadamia,

• Coffee,

• Passionfruit,

• Avocado,

• Guava; and

• Fruit trees.

Bananas

The diseases of most concern within the Australian banana industry are Bunchy Top, a viral disease, and Panama disease which is caused by the Fusarium fungus. Both these diseases are known to occur in the Ballina and Byron Shire Council areas and can be spread by the movement of plant material and their spores borne in water (Primefact 1029, 2010). Movement of banana plants between localities in the Ballina and Byron Shire Council areas is therefore discouraged; due to the possibility of spreading latent bunchy top (NSW Agriculture, Agnote DPI/310) and Panama diseases.

Prior to removal, the Project Ecologist is to inspect banana plants for suspected Bunchy Top and Panama disease. This may appear as unhealthy-looking growth, ie. dark-green flecks along veins of leaves, reduced growth with emerging leaves becoming ‘bunched’, yellow looking growth. If disease is suspected, the EM will call the DPI Exotic Plant Pest Hotline on 1800 084 881. In the event of banana disease being confirmed, the approach for removal will be determined in consultation with DPI.

To reduce the exposure of any disease to other banana crops, the bananas removed from site would either be buried under a minimum compacted soil depth of 500mm. Burial sites would be selected to be away from waterways (nominally 100m) and the boundary of the plantation site.

If removed crops are unable to be buried on site, they will be transported offsite to an appropriately licenced landfill, with loads covered.

Refer to Table 11: Mitigation Measures for Weed Management, VCW39 for measures to manage banana diseases.

For further information on Bunchy Top and Panama Disease, refer to Attachment 4: Additional Banana Information.

Macadamia

The key risk from the clearing of macadamias is the spread or incubation of husk rot disease, which is caused by the fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Stilbella sp. These fungi develop when unmulched macadamia plants or seed husks are allowed to remain wet for long periods of time before mulching.

It is proposed to mulch all macadamia plants immediately after felling and place the mulch on top of the topsoil that has been cleared and grubbed. Immediate mulching of the macadamia vegetation will minimise the potential for the development of fungal growth in the mulch.

Refer to Table 11: Mitigation Measures for Weed Management, VCW40 for measures to manage macadamia vegetation.

Other crops (coffee, passionfruit, avocado, guava; and fruit trees)

The key risk from orchards is Phytophora spp. which is a fungus that travels via water in soil. Soil from plantation areas will not be placed adjacent to Lowland Rainforest areas and vehicle hygiene measures will be employed for plant/machinery/vehicles leaving plantation areas. A variety of insect pests and fungal diseases may affect orchards locally, however the overall technique of removing isolating the vegetation refuse as described below will be employed.



Vegetation from these “other crops” will be deep buried on site (beneath 500 mm of capping) and away from waterways (nominally 100m) and boundaries of adjacent plantations, or taken offsite to an appropriately licenced landfill, ensuring that loads are covered.

Refer to Table 11: Mitigation Measures for Weed Management, VCW41 for measures to manage “other” crops.

2.4 TIMING OF WEED MANAGEMENT

To reduce the likelihood of seeds spreading and creating new infestations both within the site and in other areas, removal of weeds should be undertaken prior to the development of seed (i.e. in spring), wherever possible.

Weed management is required during the Pre-construction, Construction and Post-Construction phases of the project as described indicatively in Table 10 below. PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed Monitoring and Control Strategy (as described in Table 11 VCW43) will contain the detailed weed management measures to be undertaken.

Table 10: Weed Removal during phases of construction

Construction Phase Weed Management Activity

Reference

Pre-construction Injection of all Camphor Laurel with herbicide

EWMS-EW-006 Herbicide Treatment of Camphor Laurel

Minor clearing of weeds (and native vegetation) for the establishment of fencelines

EWMS-EW-002 Project Fencing (Early Works)

Construction Clearing and grubbing of weeds, including plantation material

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

Application of herbicide (spraying) of weeds between the project boundary and construction footprint in some areas Removal of weeds (including plantation material) outside of clearing areas Weed maintenance of soil stockpiles Removal of aquatic weeds

Weed Management Plan Mitigation measures (Table 12)

Weed maintenance of areas adjacent to landscaping areas Weed Management Plan Mitigation Measures (Table 12) PLAN-DM-002 Urban Design and Landscape Plan

Ongoing weed monitoring and removal Weekly inspection checklist PLAN-ENV-009 Monitoring Plan Weed Management Plan Mitigation Measures (Table 12)

Post-Construction

Ongoing weed monitoring and removal Weekly inspection checklist PLAN-ENV-009 Monitoring Plan Weed Control and Monitoring Strategy (Table 12 WM31)



2.5 WEED REMOVAL AND TOPSOIL MANAGEMENT FLOW DIAGRAMS

The following flow diagrams show how vegetation and topsoil will be removed from the site, keeping weeds and material that is to be reused separate. These diagrams show how the process of vegetation clearing are designed to comply with noxious weeds requirements and to ensure weed-free topsoil is used for landscaping.

Figure 3: Management of Vegetation and Topsoil for Medium and High Risk Weed Areas

WEEDS (High and Medium Risk Weeds): Within construction footprint to be cleared and grubbed and in areas between the construction footprint and project boundary:

• Noxious weeds • Environmental weeds • Including Plantation Material

(Banana, coffee, Passionfruit, Guava, stonefruit – excluding macadamia)

• Excluding Camphor Laurel

VEGETATION (foliage / limbs): Remove the foliage and limbs containing the viable weed seed material

OPTION 1: Offsite disposal (noxious weeds to be disposed of in accordance with Noxious Weeds Act 1993)

OPTION 2: Onsite deep burial – under at least 500mm capping, nominally 100m away from watercourses.

Marked as high and medium risk weed area and banana land, (GeoLINK Weed Mapping, May 2012.)

TOPSOIL OPTION 1: Offsite disposal (soil contaminated with noxious weeds to be disposed of in accordance with Noxious Weeds Act 1993)

OPTION 2: Onsite deep burial – under at least 500mm capping, nominally 100m away from waterways

This weed material may be sprayed with herbicide during construction works where sensitive areas / receivers are not impacted

BANANA DISEASE: DPI’s accepted method of controlling banana disease is by exclusion (deep burial under at least 500mm of capping or disposal offsite and nominally 100m away from waterways) Transport to be minimised If disease is observed, DPI to be contacted Testing not required of soil not required

NOTE: Topsoil is only to be removed in areas under the construction footprint



Figure 4: Management of Camphor Laurel

FOLIAGE and LIMBS: Mulch from the foliage and smaller limbs and may be used immediately for erosion and sediment controls

TRUNKS: The trunks do not contain viable weed material.

OPTION 1: The mulch from the trunk may be:

• Used as erosion or sedimentation controls • Stockpiled for landscaping, provided it is

ground to achieve the correct form of mulch fibre

OPTION 2: • The mulch from the trunk may be provided

to a cogeneration facility, ground to an agreed form of mulch fibre to ensure the combustion of the material does not adversely impact the cogeneration plant

OPTION 3: • The trunks may be reused offsite by the

clearing contractor or offered to the community for reuse for woodcraft

FOLIAGE and LIMBS: Remove the foliage and limbs containing the viable weed material

Do not poison Camphor Laurel when the tree is fruiting as the fruit will drop and increase the risk of infestation.

Do not use as a mulch if viable fruit are present.

The mulch from the foliage and limbs: Option 1 • To be disposed

off-site to a licenced landfill

Option 2 • Onsite burial

under at least 500mm capping and nominally 100m away from waterways

TOPSOIL OPTION 1: Offsite disposal (soil contaminated with noxious weeds to be disposed of in accordance with Noxious Weeds Act 1993)

OPTION 2: Onsite deep burial – under at least 500mm capping and nominally 100m away from waterways

Notes for Camphor Laurel mulch reuse on site: 1. Not to be

used within 50m of a watercourse

2. Ensure tannins are controlled through erosion and sediment control plans (ESCP)

CAMPHOR LAUREL (CL) Is the Camphor Laurel fruiting at the time of removal?

NO YES

FRUITING OF CAMPHOR LAUREL: Fruiting of CL is most likely to occur from April – June however this may vary.

Avoid removing Camphor Laurel during the fruiting season where practicable

INJECTION OF CAMPHOR LAUREL: If the CL is not fruiting, the CL may be injected. If the CL is fruiting, the CL should not be injected as the fruit will drop.

INJECTION OF CAMPHOR LAUREL NEAR A WATERWAY: If a Camphor Laurel is going to be injected near a waterway, Roundup Biactive will only be used.



Figure 5: Management of vegetation and topsoil for low risk weed areas

Low Risk Areas – Vegetation from Clearing and Grubbing (with isolated areas of weeds removed):

Pasture Grass

OPTION 1: Offsite beneficial reuse in accordance with Section 143 Notices

(Refer to PLAN-ENV-008 Waste Reuse and Recycling management Sub Plan)

OPTION 2: May be buried onsite or on RMS land (below minimum 500mm capping and nominally 100m away from waterways)

Native flora Macadamia Plantations

Mulch and re-place directly on area where tree was growing

Stockpile and reuse: 1. Stockpile 2. Turn stockpile to reduce fire risk and enable aeration to allow composting to occur (incidental

reduction of any seed bank through the exothermic reaction generated by composting 3. Hydroseed / stabilise 4. Manage weed growth 5. Ensure soil properties meet RTA D&C R178 Vegetation and R179 Landscape Planting 6. Pre-emergent herbicides may be applied when soil is placed for landscaping 7. Manage weed growth until the end of the Defects Liability Period in accordance with the

Project Deed inc. RTA D&C R178 Vegetation

Remove mulch and topsoil / subsoil with scraper to required depth



3. WEED REMOVAL METHODS The following is a list of chemical and mechanical control techniques to remove weeds. A combination of these techniques may be employed to achieve the best result. The Weed Contractor and the Project Ecologist will determine the most appropriate methods of weed removal through the continual development of the PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed Monitoring and Control Strategy, VCW43.

3.1 MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF WEEDS

Mechanical removal of weeds will be undertaken where weeds occur within the construction footprint.

Mechanical techniques include:

• Excavators or bulldozers to be used to remove larger trees and root systems. Stumps are to be ground out of the soil.

• Slashers or bulldozers to be used to remove shrubby weeds.

• Seedlings or regrowth of weed species can be slashed.

Minimal impact/disturbance methods are to be used in proximity to known locations of threatened flora/fauna species, Endangered Ecological Communities and watercourses. Where possible, removal by hand or low disturbance mechanical means should be used (i.e. dug out with a mattock or cut and paint technique).

3.2 CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WEEDS

Large weed infestations of general annual and perennial weeds are to be treated prior to clearing to avoid the spreading of live weed material and weed seed during clearing operations.

Chemical treatment will also be the main treatment method to be used to treat weeds following clearing operations. Chemical treatment is to be used for the treatment of general annual and perennial weeds or young trees; and for regrowth of tree species. Herbicide application is to be administered by authorised personnel, with ChemCert Accreditation AQF 3 (in accordance with Workcover requirements).

Noxious weeds are to be treated in accordance with the herbicide specific to each species, as listed in the Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook (DPI 2011). These are listed in Attachment 2. Although in the tables trade names are used, in most cases there are other products with the same active constituents and quantities. Any product with the same active constituents may be used. Herbicides are to be applied in accordance with the mitigation measures detailed in Table 11.



3.3 WEED MANAGEMENT MITIGATION MEASURES

Table 11: Mitigation Measures for Weed Management

ID Management measures and mitigation strategies Comment Reference Accountability

Preconstruction

VCW All identified sensitive areas and sensitive receivers will be Sensitive areas and receivers include but are Project GIS EM

1 identified on the Project GIS and associated Environmental Constraints Maps.

Construction plans will show ecologically sensitive areas within the

construction corridor that will not be impacted by construction.

not limited to:

• Watercourses, Emigrant Creek Dam and

Wilsons River drinking water catchments

• Threatened species (including

threatened flora including Hairy Joint

Grass

• Communities, vegetation to be retained,

important fauna areas or issues, heritage

areas

• Identified sensitive receivers (Brook Farm

and Hood Stonefruit farm)

Environmental Constraints

Maps

Environmental Co-

ordinators

VCW A weed survey will be undertaken by the Project Ecologist prior to The High, Medium and Low Risk weed areas Project GIS EM

2 commencement of any construction activities, to identify the

extent of weed infestation within all work areas to minimise the potential for weed spreading throughout the Project area.

will be transposed onto the Project GIS to

identify areas for weed management. Environmental Co-

ordinators

VCW The Project Ecologist will assist with the development and review The Project Ecologist has reviewed this plan Refer Section 1.4 of this Project Ecologist 3 this PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP.

The Far North Coast Weeds County Council will be consulted on

this plan.

and the Far North County Weeds Council

have been consulted on this plan.

plan to review WMP

VCW Procedures and EWMS will be developed and implemented and These procedures and EWMS will be PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed EM

4 will include requirements for vegetation management, clearing and grubbing, weed management and associated soil stripping and

mulching activities.

developed and updated as required. Monitoring and Control Plan

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Construction

Manager




A Clearing and Grubbing EWMS will be prepared. RMS, EPA,

DPI(Fisheries) will be consulted on this EWMS. EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM has been

prepared.

Handling and Rescue

PSP-ENV-FF-002

Nest/Roost Box Installation

and Management

PSP-ENV-FF-004

Unexpected Threatened Species Finds

PSP-ENV-FF-005 Hairy

Joint Grass Management

EWMS-EW-002 Project

Fencing (Early Works)

EWMS-EW-005 Project

Fencing (Construction)

VCW

5

Sub-contractors will be notified during the engagement process

that their machinery is to arrive at site clean of all mud, weeds and

foreign matter on the tyres and the undercarriage.

Plant/machinery/vehicles will also be inspected for the presence of

cane toads upon arrival to site.

FRM-ENV-003 Cleandown Declaration

Certificate will be provided to the sub-

contractor during the engagement process.

Contract

Administrators

VCW

6

Before commencing any construction/clearing activity, all soil

erosion and sedimentation controls will be installed in accordance

with the PLAN-ENV-007 SWMP and the associated Erosion and

Sediment Control Plans (ESCP).

The Erosion and Sediment Control Plans

(ESCP) will be documented, implemented and

updated progressively.

ESCP EM

Superintendents

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

VCW

7

Camphor laurel will be stem-injected during the pre-construction

phase.

This stem-injection will be undertaken in

accordance with EWMS-EW-006 Herbicide

Treatment of Camphor laurel

EWMS-EW-006 Herbicide

Treatment of Camphor

laurel




Training / Induction

VCW 8

All site personnel involved in vegetation management, clearing and

grubbing, weed management and associated soil stripping and mulching activities will be ‘toolboxed’ on the requirements of

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM.

The Project induction will cover the broader

elements of PLAN-ENV-004 FFMSP.

EWMS-EW-001 CG/WM.

T2E Induction

EM

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Ecology Management

VCW 9

The Project Ecologist will supervise all fauna rescue tasks to minimise the impacts on fauna, under the direction of the EM.

Wildlife rescue organisations may be used to assist in rescue but will not manage the process.

The project ecologist will undertake activities as detailed in this sub-plan, procedures and

EWMS.

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna

Handling and Rescue

EM

VCW

10

An internal permit (FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing / Ground

Disturbance Permit) will be developed required to ensure all required approvals are in place and approval obligations are met

prior to clearing activities commencing.

The EM will retain a log of all records of all internal permits issued.

FRM-ENV-FF-002 Permit to enter Protected or No-Go areas will be required to be completed by the Project Ecologist and EM prior to

entering such areas.

FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing / Ground

Disturbance Permit will be completed by the Project Ecologist and approved by the EM.

FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-

Clearing / Ground Disturbance Permit

Register - FRM-ENV-FF-001

FRM-ENV-FF-002 Permit to

enter Protected or No-Go areas

2

EM

Environmental Co-

ordinators

VCW

11

Fauna fencing – temporary and permanent – will be installed to act

as a barrier to stop fauna species entering the construction site

and being accidentally harmed by vehicle or machinery strike as

early as practicable in construction staging. The design of the

fauna fencing will be developed in consultation with the Project

Ecologist.

Fencing drawings contain the requirements

for cane toad fencing and will be constructed

in accordance with EWMS-EW-005 Project


Fencing drawings

EWMS-EW-005 Project


EM

Superintendents

VCW

12

If during the course of construction (including vegetation clearing),

the presence of any threatened flora or fauna that are likely to be affected by the works is identified, all works within the immediate

PSP-ENV-FF-004 Unexpected Threatened

Species Finds sets out the process for managing unexpected finds of threatened

PSP-ENV-FF-004


Superintendents /

EM

Environmental Co-




vicinity would cease and RMS would be notified. Following consultation with RMS, notification to relevant agencies will be

undertaken as required.

species on site and the notification of RMS and agencies

ordinators

Weed / Pathogen Infestation Management

VCW Upon arrival to site, all plant/machinery/vehicles will be inspected Records will be retained of all screening FRM-ENV-003 Clean-down Superintendents

13 along with the completed FRM-ENV-003 Clean-down Declaration

Certificate.

All plant/machinery/vehicles will be inspected to ensure no weeds

material, mud or dirt (that may contain pathogens), dirt or cane

toads are present.

If any plant material/mud is present on any

plant/machinery/vehicles, entry will be refused until the

requirements are complied with. These measures are to prevent Chytrid, myrtle rust, phytophthora, bunchy top and panama

disease.

Machinery will be required to be cleaned prior to leaving site and moving to other locations around the project corridor.

Truck wash down, rumble grids will be installed and operated to

ensure mud, weeds or pathogens will not be transported around the region or onto roads.

Plants and landscape materials transported to site for rehabilitation

works will be certified by the supplier as weed, pest and pathogen free.

checks undertaken. Declaration Certificate

Register - FRM-ENV-003

Clean-down Declaration

Certificate.

Project Engineers

VCW The Project Ecologist will conduct searches of all vegetation to be Records will be retained of all screening Record of infestation and Environmental

13b cleared for the presence of Myrtle Rust as part of the pre-clearing

surveys. If Myrtle Rust is detected, the Environmental Team will

notify OEH and NSW DPI and consult with both agencies to develop a specific Mytle Rust Management Protocol for relevant

checks undertaken as well as any action taken.

action taken

Ecologist report

Manager

Environmental Co-

ordinators




areas of the site. The Management Protocol will be in accordance with the principles outlined within the Management Plan for Myrtle

Rust on National Parks Estates (OEH, 2011) and will involve the following:

• Establishment of decontamination zones around areas of

identified Myrtle Rust to prevent the spread of the pathogen;

• Establishment of appropriate wash-down areas for

vehicles/ plant entering or leaving areas where the pathogen has been confirmed;

• Decontamination would be undertaken using an antifungal

disinfectant (eg 5% Farmcleanse) which would be applied with a high pressure spray to parts of plant/ machinery

and footwear potentially coming in contact with the

pathogen.

• Monitoring of adjacent vegetation would be undertaken

to locate any signs of Myrtle Rust. Monitoring would

focus on locally occurring threatened species/

endangered ecological communities associated with the site.

VCW 14

Site specific Vehicle Movement Plans (VMPs) will be prepared for

each worksite to coordinate vehicle movements from uninfested weed areas towards infested weed areas wherever possible.

These will be develop by the Project engineer in the relevant area.

VMPs Project Engineers

Giant Barred Frog (GBF) Management

VCW The Giant Barred Frog will be protected through measures The Giant Barred Frog Management Protocol Giant Barred Frog EM

15 implemented through EWMS. This includes exclusion zones to

protect the frog from physical construction activities as well as

measures to reduce the spread of the chytrid virus.

details the requirements to be incorporated

into PSP-ENV-SW07 Works in or Adjacent to

Waterways and EWMS .

Management Protocol

PSP-ENV-SW07 Works in or Adjacent to Waterways

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Superintendents




EWMS Structures

Manager

VCW One week prior to clearing, parts of the Project site within or Refer to the GBF Management Protocol for GBF Management Protocol EM 16 adjacent to areas of GBF Habitat are to be fenced off to exclude the detailed information regarding fencing.

FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre- Superintendents frogs (refer GBF Management Protocol) with according “No-Go”

signage. FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing / Ground

Disturbance Permit will be required to be

Clearing / Ground

Disturbance Permit Environmental Co-

ordinators completed as in internal hold-point for the

installation of frog fencing. Project Engineers

VCW Wash down procedures are to be implemented when entering / Refer to the GBF Management Protocol for GBF Management Protocol EM 17 exiting the frog hygiene management area (GBF Management

Protocol) during clearing / grubbing and stripping of topsoil. Once topsoil and vegetative material has been removed from the

designated frog hygiene management zone, the risk of spreading

chytrid to / from this area is considered minimal and as such GBF

the detailed information regarding fencing.

FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing / Ground

Disturbance Permit will be required to be completed as in internal hold-point for the

installation of wash down areas.

FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-

Clearing / Ground

Disturbance Permit

PLAN-ENV-008 WRRMSP

Construction

Manager

Superintendents

Environmental Co-hygiene requirements will not be required.

Wash down to prevent mud leaving the site will still be required.

Wash down bays will be implemented at appropriate entry / exit points at the southern approach for Byron Creek and the northern

approach of Tinderbox Creek (as shown on Illustration 2.1, GBF

Management Protocol).

Wash down bays will incorporate an area for site personnel to

disinfect boots when entering / leaving sterile zones during

clearing / grubbing and stripping of topsoil.

Wash down bays will be situated at least 100 m from waterways.

Wash down areas will be contained with wash-down material is to

be removed off site to a licensed waste facility.

All construction personnel will be made aware of the requirements for wash down with this procedure.

Disposal of material from the washdown bays will be in accordance with PLAN-ENV-008

WRRMSP.


EWMS

ordinators

Project Engineers




Project Fencing and Clearing Limits

VCW Fencing and “NO-GO” signage will be installed to: The EWMS-EW-002 Project Fencing (Early Project Induction EM

18 • restrict the movements of construction vehicles

• prohibit stockpiling and other impact on threatened/native vegetation/vegetation to be retained with the Project

boundary and adjacent to the Project boundary.

• prevent parking under the canopy of trees to be retained

• prevent waste and/or contaminated material from being

stored under vegetation to be retained

• prevent haul roads / access tracks from impacting on trees to

be retained.

Where vegetation is to be cleared, the area will be fenced with highly visible temporary fencing or bunting to ensure that clearing

does not extend beyond the area approved.

Works) and EWMS-EW-005 Project Fencing

(Construction) details the process for demarcation of the construction zone to

protect flora and fauna.

All areas to be cleared will be surveyed and identify native vegetation (endangered or

threatened species) to be fenced and protected, and location of buffer fencing.

This process will be verified through the

internal permit system, FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing / Ground Disturbance Permit

This plan and EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

contain the detailed requirements for the clearing and grubbing.

Clearing Drawings

Environmental Constraints Maps

Project GIS

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

EWMS-EW-002 Project


EWMS-EW-005 Project Fencing (Construction)

FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-

Clearing / Ground Disturbance Permit

Construction

Manager

Superintendents

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

Clearing limits will be clearly delineated on site.

The location of the delineation will be checked and verified as correct by a surveyor independent of the Project Surveyor at least

five (5) working days prior to the commencement of clearing.

Survey plans demonstrating that limits of clearing boundary markings and highly visible barrier or tape are in correct location

are required to be submitted to the PV at least 10 working days before starting any clearing..

Clearing limits will be delineated using highly visible barrier or tape

such as bunting or parawebbing.

The fencing EWMS (Early Works and Construction) will be in accordance with AS4970 Trees on Development Sites




Where tree root zones may be impacted, a Certificate IV qualified

arborist will assess the tree and make recommendations in

accordance with AS4970 Trees on Development Sites.

No excavation or fill will be placed near any tree without advice

from the Project ecologist.

Protective fencing will remain in place until construction is complete in that area, to ensure that the risk of accidental clearing

from construction activities is removed and regularly inspected.

VCW Minimise disturbance of existing waterways and riparian All works in waterways will be undertaken in ESCP EM 19 vegetation by:

• Clearly marking clearing zones

• Crews working in the vicinity of waterways are made aware of the need to protect these areas

• Ensuring all ERSED controls are in place and effective to minimise sedimentation in waterways

• Minimising the removal of bank vegetation (within 15 metres of watercourse and drainage lines), particularly vegetation that shades the low flow channel, until immediately before construction commences in the area

• Retaining small trees, shrubs and grasses wherever possible (at least a 1 m buffer to edge of waterway)

• Employing techniques to minimise impacts on bank stability

accordance with PSP-ENV-SW07 Works in or

Adjacent to Waterways, which outlines the

measures to be implemented to protect

waterway banks and riparian vegetation.

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM details the

requirements for protecting riparian areas

during clearing activities.

EWMS

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM


FRM-FF-001 Pre-Clearing

and Ground Disturbance Permit

FRM-ENV-001 Weekly

Checklist

Superintendents

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

Stockpiling Areas

VCW 20

Stockpiles will be located in accordance with MCoA 2.26.The locations of topsoil will be continually accessible so weed control

may be undertaken.

Stockpile sites will be located away from drainage lines and

Stockpiles will be monitored and managed to avoid spontaneous combustion.

Mulch in excess of the quantity required for

erosion and sediment control measures and

Roadworks Manager

Project Engineers




watercourses to prevent tannin leachate entering watercourses and will be arranged to minimise damage to natural vegetation and

trees. The stockpile sites will be positioned so that the stockpiled material may be transported away at any time. Any clearing and

grubbing required for these sites will be carried out in accordance

with this Specification. Temporary erosion and sediment control

measures will be installed in accordance with the ESCP.

landscape planting will not be permanently stockpiled on the Construction Site and the

other areas affected by the Contractor's Work.

VCW Compound, stockpile sites and other ancillary facilities will be The Ancillary Facilities consistency Fencing Drawing EM

21 located in previously disturbed areas that do not require clearing

of native vegetation.

These areas will be assessed to ensure the proposed locations are

of low conservation significance for flora, fauna and indigenous or

non-indigenous heritage.

The toe of stockpiled material will not be any closer than 5 m to a

fence, drain or existing trees to be retained.

Stockpiling of soils and other materials will be restricted to cleared

areas and avoid native vegetation, drainage lines and watercourses

to prevent tannin leachate and ensure the stockpiles are accessible

at all times.

No excess mulch is to be permanently stockpiled on site.

assessments document the analysis of each

site selection.

The fencing as described in the approved

Fencing Drawings and the Project Fencing

EWMS will ensure access to vegetation is restricted as described.

Ancillary facilities consistency assessments

EWMS-EW-002 Project


EWMS-EW-005 Project Fencing (Construction)

Construction Manager

Superintendents

Minimise Impacts to Fauna Species

VCW A Fauna Handling and Rescue Procedure has been developed for The project ecologist will conduct a pre- PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna EM

22 the management of injured fauna discovered on site, or of fauna

that may be discovered following the pre-clearing assessment. A suitably qualified and experienced ecologist will manage fauna

rescue whilst wildlife organisations may assist.

clearing assessment and manage any rescue

of fauna in accordance with PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna Handling and Rescue

Handling and Rescue

Procedure

VCW 23

If any hollow-bearing trees are identified that were not previously identified, Nest/Roost Boxes will be installed.

PSP-ENV-FF-002 Nest/ Roost Box Installation and Management details the procedure for

PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna Handling and Rescue

EM

Construction




The Project Ecologist will undertake pre-clearing surveys prior to this activity. Procedure Manager

determine if any previously unidentified hollow-bearing trees are This activity will be undertaken by the Project PSP-ENV-FF-002 Nest / Superintendents

located in the areas to be cleared. Ecologist. Roost Box Installation and

Management

PSP-ENV-FF-004

Unexpected Threatened

Species Finds

FRM-FF-001 Pre-Clearing

and Ground Disturbance

Permit

VCW A two-stage clearing process will be undertaken for habitat and EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM describes how EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM EM 24 hollow-bearing trees:

• Non-habitat trees will be removed before habitat trees, allowing fauna an opportunity to move from the habitat trees.

hollow bearing trees will be managed to

maximise protection of fauna prior to and during clearing.

PSP-ENV-FF-002 Nest /Roost Boxes

Superintendents

Environmental Co-This applies in the instance when the fauna cannot be relocated, and it is evident that an animal is present within the tree.

• Habitat trees will be left overnight from the time of the felling of the non-habitat trees nearby

• The Project Ecologist will be on site during the felling of all habitat and hollow-bearing trees

• Felled (habitat) trees will be left for a short period of time on the ground, to give any fauna remaining in the trees an opportunity to escape before further processing of the trees occurs.

• The Project Ecologist (who will be on site during felling) will immediately inspect the trees following felling for resident species or injured wildlife.

Any hollow bearing trees to be retained will be fenced with ‘no-go

PSP-ENV-FF-004 Unexpected Threatened

Species Finds Procedure details how threatened flora and fauna will be managed if

it is found during clearing and grubbing

A report will be prepared on all items as requried in SWTC 5.2.5

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM establishes the

process for identification and retention of hollow bearing limbs.

PSP-ENV-FF-004


Ecologist Report

ordinators (Project

Ecologist)

Project Engineers




areas’ marked.

Any hollow bearing limbs to be removed will be retained and

relocated.

The ecologist will provide a report on the habitat and hollow bearing trees that were felled.

VCW

25

Firearms are not permitted on the Construction Site and other

areas affected by the Contractor's Work except for security

purposes permitted by law

All staff on site will be inducted into the

Project requirements, including the

prohibition of fire arms on site. This is also addressed in PLAN-SF-001 Project Work

Health and Safety Management Plan

PLAN-SF-001 Project Work

Health and Safety

Management Plan

Safety Manger

Superintendents

Tree Pruning / Maintenance

VCW 26

Inspect and trim trees along fauna exclusion fences. Trim overhanging branches and remove any vegetation along fauna

exclusion fencing and that which overhangs the road reserve.

Vegetation and weed maintenance activities will be undertaken in accordance with EWMS-

EW-001 WMCGWM

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM Superintendents

Environmental Co-ordinators

Project Engineers

VCW 27

Check trees that are to be pruned for the presence of animals.

Pruning of vegetation to be retained will be conducted in

accordance with AS4373: Pruning of Amenity Trees.

Tree pruning will be undertaken in accordance with EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

and AS4373: Pruning of Amenity Trees.


Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

VCW 28

(General) Whilst the use of straw bales is to be avoided as primary sediment and erosion controls, where they are used, the straw

bales will not contain seed.

Ensure straw bales purchased are weed free through the supplier.

Do not place straw bales adjacent to EEC.

Project Engineers

Vegetation and topsoil reuse – low risk weed areas

VCW

29

Cleared vegetation (from Low Risk Areas on Weed Mapping) will

be mulched and stockpiled for later use in erosion and sediment

The EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM details the

planning of clearing and management of this

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM EM

Superintendents




control or landscaping.

Mulch reuse for erosion and sediment control will be controlled to

ensure tannins do not reach waterways.

material. Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

VCW 30

Topsoil from areas marked as Low risk may be stockpiled and reused for landscaping.

Weed growth will be controlled on stockpiles and the topsoil will

be weed-free when it is reused for landscaping.

The EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM details the planning of clearing and management of this

material.

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM EM

Superintendents


Project Engineers

VCW

31

Pasture grass and topsoil (marked as low risk on GIS) may be

reused offsite

This material is to be managed in accordance

with EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM and PLAN-

ENV-008 WRRMSP

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

PLAN-ENV-008 WRRMSP

EM

Superintendents

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

VCW 32

Reuse minor built structures (fences, livestock yards) in accordance with the Waste Reuse and Recycling Sub-Plan

These items are to be managed in accordance with PLAN-ENV-008 WRRMSP

PLAN-ENV-008 WRRMSP

Timber reuse strategy

EM


Project Engineers

Weed Material – high and medium risk weed areas

VCW 33

The vegetative matter and topsoil removed from the project area

that is marked as high or medium on the weed risk mapping will be

kept separate from any vegetation and topsoil arising from areas that are marked low risk.

The vegetative matter and topsoil from high or medium risk weed

will not to be reused on site and will be either:

This material is to be managed in accordance

with EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM



Project Engineers




a) Buried on site under 500mm of capping and nominally 100m

away from waterways

b) Disposed of at an appropriately licenced landfill

Plan to remove the vegetation from high risk areas towards low risk areas to reduce the risk of infestation into less weeded areas.

Stockpiles of soil will be clearly signposted and weedy topsoil will

remain separated from weedfree/low risk topsoil.

Reuse / Disposal of Camphor Laurel (High risk)

VCW If the Camphor laurel (CL) is not fruiting, the whole of the tree may Camphor laurel and according topsoil will be EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM Superintendents 34 be used on site for mulching.

As the CL is being injected prior to removal, the amount of tannins

produced from mulch will be reduced, however ensure any tannins

do not reach waterways or drainage lines.

The mulch generated from CL when the tree is not fruiting may be

used for ESED controls as well as for landscaping purposed.

If the camphor laurel is not required on site, the:

a) trunks may be offered to the community for woodcraft

purposes

b) mulch from the trunks and foliage may be buried on site beneath 500mm of capping and nominally 100m away from

waterways

c) sent to a sugarmill/cogeneration facility in a mulched form as

agreed with the facility

d) the trunks and foliage may removed by the vegetation

contractor for reuse

e) taken offsite to a licenced landfill (least preferred).

Topsoil from within CL areas that are within clearing limits, whether

fruiting or not, will be:

removed and managed in accordance with EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM.

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

(Vegetation contractor)




f) Buried on site under 500mm of capping and nominally 100m

away from waterways

g) Disposed of at an appropriately licenced landfill

VCW If the camphor laurel is fruiting at the time of removal, only the Camphor laurel and according topsoil will be EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM Superintendents 35 trunk may be reused on site as ERSED controls or mulch for

landscaping, with controls in place to ensure tannins do not reach waterways or drainage lines.

The foliage and smaller limb refuse may either:

a) buried on site under at least 500mm of capping and nominally 100m away from waterways

b) disposed of to a sugar mill if they wish to accept it

c) taken offsite to a licenced landfill (least preferred)

If the trunks/mulch are not required on site, the material may be:

d) offered to the community for woodcraft purposes

e) buried on site beneath 500mm of capping and nominally 100m away from waterways

f) sent to a sugarmill/cogeneration facility in a mulched form as

agreed with the facility

g) removed by the vegetation contractor for reuse

h) taken offsite to a licenced landfill (least preferred)

removed and managed in accordance with

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM. Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

(Vegetation

contractor)

Herbicide Application

VCW Pesticides will be used in accordance with the requirements as Pesticides will be used to manage weeds in EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM Superintendents 36 documented in EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM.

The herbicide/pesticide application contractor will use an

anemometer prior to spraying at the height at which the chemical will be applied.

accordance with EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

and FRM-ENV-FF-003 Pesticides Application Record Sheet.

FRM-ENV-002 Pesticides Application Record Sheet.

EM Environmental Co-

ordinators (Project Ecologist)

Project Engineers (Weed Contractor)




Aquatic Weed Management

VCW 37

The weeds at the former fish farm at Knockrow will be managed in accordance with EWMS-EW-007 Dewatering of Former Fish Farm.

This EWMS will be developed prior to dewatering activities at the former fish farm.

EWMS-EW-007 Dewatering of Former Fish Farm

EM


Project Engineers

VCW

38

Biactive Roundup (or similar) will only be used for aquatic weeds or

in/within 50m of riparian areas.

Environmental Co-

ordinators

Project Engineers

Banana Management

VCW

39

Prior to removal, the Project Ecologist is to inspect banana plants

for suspected Bunchy Top and Panama disease. This may appear as unhealthy-looking growth, ie. dark-green flecks along veins of

leaves, reduced growth with emerging leaves becoming ‘bunched’, yellow looking growth. If disease is suspected, the EM will call the

DPI Exotic Plant Pest Hotline on 1800 084 881.

In the event of banana disease being confirmed, the approach for

removal will be determined in consultation with DPI.

This may include vehicle hygiene measures to be implemented when vehicles and machinery leave a banana crop area.

To reduce the risk of banana disease to existing crops, loads will

be covered when bananas are transported around public roads.

Banana vegetation cleared as part of Project works will either be deep buried on site (below at least 500mm of capping and

nominally 100m away from waterways) or removed to an appropriately licenced landfill.

EM

Superintendents

Environmental Co-ordinators (Project Ecologist)

Project Engineers




Where possible, leaving banana material on site will be avoided, particularly if it is adjacent to a functioning banana crop.

Macadamia Management – Low Risk Vegetation/Weed Areas

VCW 40

To reduce the risk of husk spot on macadamia vegetation that has

been removed, macadamia refuse will be mulched immediately.

Macadamia mulch may be stockpiled and used as mulch for landscaping purposes or ERSED controls.

Macadamia vegetation will be managed in accordance with EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM Environmental co-ordinators

Project Engineers

Other plantation material (coffee, avocado, Passionfruit, guava, fruit trees)

VCW

41

Soil originating from “other” plantation areas will not be placed next to areas of Lowland rainforest.

Vegetation from these “other” crops will be either deep buried onsite (below a minimum of 500mm of capping and nominally

100m away from a waterway) or taken offsite to an appropriately licenced landfill.

Vegetation from “other” plantations will be managed in accordance with EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM Environmental co-ordinators

Project Engineers

Monitoring of Flora

VCW 42

Conduct a joint inspection of vegetation along both sides of the

fauna exclusion fences, with the Project Verifier and the RTA’s Representative 50 weeks after the commencement of clearing and

grubbing and at the completion of the Contractor’s work.

This inspection will be recorded and a report

prepared as required. Record to document this inspection.

Environmental Manager

Environmental Co-ordinators (Project Ecologist)

Weed control monitoring strategy

VCW 43

PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed Monitoring and Control Plan will be developed.

This plan will provide a framework for weed assessment, control,

monitoring and reporting of areas of weeds during the Project.

The plan will apply to all areas within the Project boundary

The program for where, when and how weeds will be continually suppressed and

destroyed will be documented and reported in PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed Monitoring and

Control Plan

Noxious weeds under the categories W1,

PLAN-ENV-FF02 Weed Monitoring and Control Plan

EM





throughout the construction phase and the Defects Liability Period. It will consist of an adaptive management strategy with weed

control effort to be determined by the EM in consultation with the Project Ecologist, the weed control contractor and, if required,

North Coast Weeds.

The strategy involves the following actions:

• An experienced local weed control contractor will be engaged for the project.

• For the first six months of the Project, monthly inspections of the Project Site will be undertaken by the Environmental Manager/Co-ordinators with the Project Ecologist and the weed control contractor to record the distribution and level of infestation of weeds.

• During the project these joint weed inspection may be reduced inspections every two months.

• The weed inspections will include regular site visits, mapping and fixed point photographs of the Construction Site and adjoining areas

• A report will be submitted to the PV, ER and the RTA’s Representative outlining the results of each monitoring inspection against the weed management objectives and

activities outlined in the PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP.

• The ERG will be updated of these weed inspection reports

• Based on each inspection, the Weed Control Register will be updated and areas ranked to determine priority for treatment.

• Actions for weed control for the coming month will be documented on the Register.

W2, W3 or W4 under the Noxious Weeds Act, will be continually suppressed and

destroyed.

Project Engineers




• The nominated weed contractor will undertake weed control activities each month in priority areas nominated in the Project Ecologists report

• The EM will ensure that actions on the Weed Control Register are closed out each month.

Restoration and Revegetation

VCW

44

Progressively restore all construction areas as the activity finishes

(eg. Stockpile areas removed, structures demolished)

Restoration of stockpile site areas will be undertaken progressively following completion of stockpiling operations in each area.

Any damage, such as damage to fencing, trees or other vegetation

outside the limits of clearing, which occurs during clearing operations will be made good.

The Project site will be progressively

rehabilitated as construction is complete in

each area. Rehabilitation will be undertaken

in accordance with the UDLP

UDLP EM

Construction

Manager

Superintendents

Design Manager

VCW

45

An Urban Design and Landscape Plan will be developed and will

ensure the Project landscaping requirements are met and remain fit-for-purpose. This includes ensuring topsoil used for landscaping

is weed free and weeds are continually suppressed and destroyed

through the Project duration including the Defects Liability Period.

The Urban Design and Landscape Plan

(UDLP) contains the design elements for landscaping as well as the implementation of

managing landscape on the operational

highway.

The required soil conditions for landscaping

are addressed in the UDLP.

UDLP Design Manager

Engineering

Manager

Construction

Manager

Superintendents

VCW 46

Cover crops for the purpose of soil stabilisation will be limited to

sterile or certified clean seed of non-invasive annuals or weeds as

advised by the Project Soil Conservationist.

The required soil conditions for landscaping are addressed in the UDLP.

UDLP Construction Manager

Superintendents

Fire management

VCW Manage site activities during periods of high fire danger to reduce Activities on site will be undertaken in PLAN-SF-001 Project Work Project Manager




47 fire risk through implementation of the Project Work Health and Safety Management Plan. This plan was developed in accordance

with the requirements of the Rural Fires Act 1997, the Local Government Act 1993 as well as guidance from the NSW Rural Fire

Service publication ‘Equipment and Machinery Use in Bush Fire

Prone Areas’.

accordance with the requirements of PLAN-SF-001 Project Work Health and Safety

Management Plan

Health and Safety Management Plan

VCW

48

Regularly turn mulch stockpiles to prevent combustion and fuel

load from vegetation waste. Remove or prune vegetation close to

site buildings or equipment to manage fire risk.

Stockpiles will be monitored and managed to avoid spontaneous

combustion.

Fire risk will be reduced through the

implementation of measures for stockpile

turning as detailed in EWMS-EW-001

VMCGWM.


VCW 49

No cleared vegetation is to be burned. Fire risk will be reduced as detailed in the induction, PLAN-SF-001 Project Work Health

and Safety Management Plan and the and through EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

PLAN-SF-001 Project Work Health and Safety

Management Plan

EWMS-EW-001 VMCGWM

Superintendents

Monitoring and reporting

VCW 50

Conduct a Weekly Environmental Inspection by the Environmental Co-ordinator. Any issues or impacts that are detected shall be

reported to the EM who will take relevant action to address the

issue/s raised.

The PLAN-ENV-001 CEMP details the overall requirements for monitoring and reporting of

elements identified in EWMS and procedures.

The primary mechanism for inspecting and

recording environmental performance is through FRM-ENV-001 Weekly Inspection

Checklist

PLAN-EN-001 CEMP

FRM-ENV-001 Weekly Inspection Checklist

EM

Project Engineers



4. REFERENCES

• Biosis Research, 2008, Environmental Assessment Working Paper 4 - Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Assessment

• Byron Shire Council, 1999, Byron Flora and Fauna Study;

• Byron Shire Council, 2004, Byron Biodiversity Conservation Strategy;

• CRC for Australian Weed Management, 2004, National Heritage Trust Introductory Weed Management Manual

• DPI, 2011, Noxious and environmental weed control handbook – A guide to weed control in non-crop, aquatic and bushland situations

• FNCW, 2006, Weed Control Policy

• FNCW, 2009, Far North Coast Weeds – Class 4 Weed Control Management Plan

• GeoLINK, 2012, Weed Survey 2012: Tintenbar to Ewingsdale Pacific Highway Upgrade Project

• RMS, 2011, Biodiversity Guidelines

• RMS Environmental Direction: Management of Tannins from Vegetation Mulch, 2012

• The Ecology Lab Pty Ltd, 2008, Environmental Assessment Working Paper 5 – Aquatic Ecology Assessment



Attachment 1 – FRM-ENV-FF-003 Pesticides Application Records Sheet

Pesticides Application Records Sheet Pacific Highway Upgrade – Tintenbar to Ewingsdale Form

SAMPLE PESTICIDES APPLICATION RECORDS SHEET

Information to be Recorded

Brief Description Enter Data Here

1. Date and time Start Date and Time: Finish Date and Time:

2. Who applied the pesticide

Full operator name: Operator contact address:

Operator contact phone:

3. Who owns/occupies the land

Full owner/occupier’s name: Owner/occupier’s contact address: Owner/occupier’s contact phone:

4. Boundaries of treated area and order of treatment

List treated areas and order of treatment, preferably with reference to a map: List order of treatment:

5. Problem treated Identify the pest or problem treated (e.g. controlling of spot weed infestation):

6. Product used Record either the full name, or a product code if a list of full product names of pesticides you use is kept at the front of your logbook:

7. Equipment used Describe the equipment used (e.g. boom-spray, hand-held backpack sprayer etc):

8. Quantity applied and dilution

Total amount of pesticide product mix used: Write down whether the mix was concentrated product or a diluted mixture (note down rate of dilution):

9. Area covered by application

Area of application (in square metres or hectares):

10. Wind speed and direction

Recorded wind speed and direction on site at the time of application. Record at height pesticide will be applied. Write down any changes in weather during application:

11. Other weather details

Record any weather details such as temperature, humidity and/or rainfall where the pesticide product label requires you to assess these:

FRM-ENV-FF-003 [0] Pesticides Application Records Sheet Page 1 of 1


Attachment 2 – Herbicides for Noxious Weeds


Table 12: Chemical treatment of Crofton Weed (NOTE: In riparian areas, ONLY Biactive Roundup or similar to be used).

Crofton Weed Ageratina adenophora

Chemical and concentration Rate Comments

Triclopyr 300 g/L + picloram 100 g/L + Aminopyralid 8 g/L Grazon Extra ®

350 mL in 100 L of water Apply from Spring to autumn to actively growing plants. Spray all foliage to point of run-off.

Triclopyr 300 g/L + picloram 100 g/L Various trade names

350 mL per 100 L of water Apply from Spring to autumn to actively growing plants. Spray all foliage to point of run-off.

Fluroxypyr 333 g/L Starane Advanced ®

300 ml in 100 L of water Apply to actively growing seedlings and young plants up to the flowering stage.

Fluroxypyr 200 g/L Various trade names

500 mL per 100 L of water Apply to actively growing seedlings and young plants up to the flowering stage.

Fluroxypyr 140 g/L + Aminopyralid 10 g/L Hot shot ®

700 mL in 100 L of water 1.5 L/ha

Apply to actively growing plants from October to April .

MCPA 340 g/L + Dicamba 80 g/L Various trade names

190–270 mL per 100 L of water 2.8–4.0 L/ha

Spray during active growth.

2,4-D 300 g/L + picloram 75 g/L Tordon® 75-D

650 mL per 100 L of water Spray during active growth.

Glyphosate 360 g/L Various trade names

500 mL per 100 L of water Apply on actively growing plants with full foliage.

Metsulfuron-methyl 600 g/kg Various trade names

15 g per 100 L of water Add surfactant and apply to thoroughly wet all foliage.

Table 13: Chemical control of Mistflower

Mistflower Ageratina riparia



350 mL in 100 L of water Foliar application from spring to autumn on actively growing bushes

Aminopyralid 10g/L + Fluroxypyr 140 g/L Hotshot ®

700mL per 100 L of water Apply to actively growing plants from October to April.


350 mL per 100 L of water Apply from Spring to autumn on actively growing bushes.


650 mL per 100 L of water Apply to actively growing bushes.

Metsulfuron-methyl 600 g/L Various trade names

5 g per 100 L of water Apply when bush is actively growing and before flowering.


300 mL in 100 L of water Apply to actively growing seedlings and young plants before flowering

Fluroxypyr 200 g/L 500 mL per 100 L of water Apply to actively growing seedlings


Various trade names and young bushes before flowering. Glyphosate 360 g/L Various trade names

5 mL per 1 L of water 1.0 L per 9 L water (3 mL per m2)

Apply to actively growing bushes.

Table 14:Chemical control of Annual Ragweed

Annual Ragweed Ambrosia artemisifolia


Glyphosate 360 g/ L Roundup®

10 mL in 1 L water Apply when weeds are actively growing. For best results on perennial weeds treat after flowering. Spray to wet all leaves. 1 L of spray will cover 10 square metres.

Table 15: Chemical control of Groundsel Bush

Groundsel Bush Baccharis halimifolia


2,4-D amine 625 g/L Various trade names

320 mL per 100 L of water Spray actively growing bushes and ensure coverage is thorough coverage.


250 or 350 mL in 100 L of water

Use lower rate on bushes 1–1.5m high in spring and summer; use higher rate on bushes over 1.5 m high in the autumn.

Triclopyr 300 g/L + picloram + 100 g/L Various trade names

250 or 350 mL per 100 L of water

Use lower rate on bushes 1–1.5m high in spring and summer.

Triclopyr 240 g/L + picloram 120 g/L Access®

1.0 L per 60 L of diesel Basal bark/cut stump application.


650 mL per 100 L of water Thorough coverage required on active growth.

Triclopyr 600 g/L Various trade names

160 mL per 100 L of water 320 mL per 100 L of water

Seedlings 1 to 2 m tall. Bushes over 2 m tall.


700 mL to 1.0 L per 100 L of water

Apply on actively growing bushes. Do not apply during winter or summer drought stress.

Clopyralid 300 g/L Various trade names


Apply during active growth, apply at a lower rate on seedlings, apply at a higher rate on bushes over 2 m high.

2,4-D 300 g/L Affray ®

100 mL in 10 L of water Thorough even coverage of the plant is necessary.

Picloram 45 g/kg Vigilant®

Undiluted Cut stump/stem injection application. Apply a 3–5 mm layer of gel for stems less than 20 mm. Apply 5 mm layer on stems above 20 mm (see label).


Table 16: Chemical control of Camphor laurel

Camphor laurel Cinnamomum camphora


Picloram 100 g/L + Triclopyr 300g/L + Aminopyralid 8 g/L Grazon® Extra

350 or 500 mL per 100 L water

Use a higher rate on trees over 2m tall. Apply as a thorough foliar spray.


350–500 mL per 100 L of water

Use higher rate on trees over 2 metres tall. Apply as a thorough foliage spray.


1 L per 60 L of diesel Basal bark application for basal diameter less than 10 cm or cut stump application for greater than 10 cm.

Triclopyr 200 g/L + picloram 100 g/L Tordon® DSH

1 part per 4 parts water (1–2 mL per cut)

Stem injection application.

Triclopyr 600g/L Various trade names

170 mL per 100 L of water 1 L per 60 L of diesel

Apply to seedlings to three metres tall. Basal bark or cut stump application.


1 part glyphosate to 1 part water, 2 mL per cut Undiluted, 2 mL per cut.

Stem injection for basal diameter up to 25 cm. Stem injection for basal diameter 25 cm to 60 cm.


Undiluted Cut stump/stem injection application. Apply a 3–5 mm layer of gel for stems less than 20 mm.


1 part glyphosate to 50 parts water 1 part glyphosate to 1.5 parts water

Spray seedlings and coppice shoots. Cut stump/scrape stem application for saplings. Stem injection application large trees and shrubs.


Undiluted 4ml per drill hole / axe cut.

Table 17: Chemical control of water hyacinth

Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes


Diquat 200 g/L Reglone®

400 mL per 100 L of water 5.0 to 10.0 L/ha

Add Agral 600 wetter; use clean water for best results.

Diquat 20 g/L Vegetrol®

4.0 L per 100 L of water 50– 100 L/ha

Apply as an overall spray to thoroughly wet foliage. Best if clean water is used; higher rate if dense weed or dirty water.

Amitrole 250 g/L Various trade names

280 mL to 100 L of water Apply prior to flowering.

Glyphosate 360 g/L Various trade names for aquatic use only.

1.0–1.3 L in 100 L of water 6.0–9.0 L/ha

Apply when actively growing, at or beyond the early bloom stage. Use higher rate on dense infestations.

2,4-D acid 300 g/L Affray 300®

1.0 in 200 L of water Avoid causing submersion of sprayed plants.


Table 18: Chemical control of Lantana

Lantana Lantana camara



350 mL or 500 mL in 100 L of water

Wet thoroughly, use higher rate on large bushes, 1–2 m tall. Low rates for bushes up to 1 m tall. Apply from summer to autumn.



Wet thoroughly, use higher rate on large bushes, 1–2 m tall. Low rates for bushes up to 1 m tall. Apply from summer to autumn.


300 mL or 600 in 100 L of water

Apply to actively growing bushes from October to April. Use lower rate on seedlings or bushes to 1.2 m high, higher rate on bushes over 1.2 m.


500 mL or 1.0 L per 100 L of water

Apply to actively growing bushes from October to April. Use lower rate on seedlings or bushes to 1.2 m high, higher rate on bushes over 1.2 m.

Fluroxypyr 140 g/L + aminopyralid 10 g/L Hotshot®

500 mL per 100 L of water 700 mL per 100 L of water

Seedlings and regrowth 0.5–1.2 m height. Mature plants and regrowth 1.2– 2.0m. Apply to actively growing plants.


1.0 L per 60 L of diesel Basal bark or cut stump application.

Glyphosate 835 g/kg + metsulfuron-methyl 10 g/kg Trounce®

1 measured pack (173 g) per 100 L of water

Apply when actively growing, thoroughly wet all foliage.

Metsulfuron-methyl 63.2 g/kg + glyphosate 760.5 g/kg Cutout®


Apply when actively growing, thoroughly wet all foliage and stems. Do not apply during stress periods.


1.0 L per 100 L of water Apply when plants are actively growing with full foliage. Avoid summer stress.


650 mL per 100 L of water High volume spot spray. Thoroughly wet foliage and soil around the base of plant during March to May.

Dichlorprop 600 g/L DP600®

1.0 L per 200 L of water Spot spray application, completely wet all leaves and stems.


1.0 L per 60 L of diesel Basal bark application for basal diameter less than 5 cm or cut stump application above 5 cm.

Metsulfuron-methyl 600 g/kg Brushoff ®

10 g metsulfuron-methyl plus 200 mL glyphosate per 100 L of water

Apply to bushes up to 2 m high. Thoroughly wet all foliage and stems. Add organosilicone penetrant.


10 g metsulfuron-methyl plus 200 mL glyphosate per 100 L of water

Apply to bushes up to 2 m high. Thoroughly wet all foliage and stems. Add organosilicone penetrant.



10 g per 100 L of water Apply to bushes up to two metres tall. Spray to wet all foliage and stems. Re-treatment will be necessary.

2,4-D Amine 625 g/L Various trades names

320 m/L in a 100 L of water Apply to actively growing bushes.


Undiluted Cut stump/stem injection application. Apply a 3–5 mm layer of gel for stems less than 20 mm.

Table 19: Chemical control of Privet

Large-leaf Privet Ligustrum lucidum and Small-leaf Privet Ligustrum sinense



10 g per 100 L of water Apply to bushes up to 3 m high; complete coverage is essential.

Metsulfuron-methyl 63.2 g/kg + glyphosate 760.5 g/kg Cut-out®


Apply to bushes up to 3 m high, in full leaf and actively growing; complete coverage is essential.






Undiluted (1–2 mL per cut) Stem injection technique, as per label.


Undiluted Cut stump/stem injection application. Apply a 3–5 mm layer of gel for stems less than 20 cm high.

Table 20: Chemical control of Giant Parramatta Grass

Giant Parramatta grass Sporobolus fertilis


Flupropanate 745 g/L Various trade names

200 mL per 100 L of water 1.5–2.0 L/ha

High volume spot spray. Apply via Boom spray. Best results during late winter and early spring when desirable species are semi-dormant.


1.0 L per 2 L of water Wick wiper application. Apply when plants are actively growing.

Glyphosate 360 g/L Various trade names for aquatic use only

10–15 mL per 1 L of water 6.0 L/ha

Spot spray. Apply when plants are actively growing. Boom application for pasture replacement/improvement and best done as a split treatment.

2,2-DPA 740 g/kg Propon® and various trade names

1.0 kg per 100 L of water 5–10 kg/ha

Spot spray application. Boom spray application. Apply when plants are actively growing.


Table 21: Chemical treatment of Noogoora Burr

Noogoora burr Xanthium spp.


2,4-D amine 625 g/L Various trade names

800 mL–1.1 L/ha Spray young seedlings only.

MCPA amine 500 g/L Various trade names

1.0–2.0 L/ha Spray young seedlings only.


7.5 g per 100 L of water Apply to actively growing plants. Do not apply to plants under stress.


45 mL in 100 L of water Apply to actively growing plants. Seedlings and young plants to 40 cm high.


75 mL per 100 L of water Apply to actively growing plants. Seedlings and young plants to 40 cm high.


1.0 L/ha Boom spray application .


Attachment 3 – T2E Pacific Highway Upgrade Project: Weed Surveys 2012

Weed Surveys 2012 Tintenbar to Ewingsdale

Pacific Highway Upgrade Project

Prepared for: Baulderstone Pty Ltd © GeoLINK, 2012

PO Box 119 Lennox Head NSW 2478

T 02 6687 7666

PO Box 1446 Coffs Harbour NSW 2450

T 02 6651 7666

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Version History UPR Description Date Issued Issued By Reviewed By 1697592 First Draft 05/03/2012 DGH TJP 1697944 Second Draft 03/05/2012 DGH TJP 1697185 Third Draft 18/05/2012 DGH TJP

Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background....................................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Purpose of Report .........................................................................................................................................1

2 Methodology 5

2.1 Weed Classification.......................................................................................................................................5

2.2 Field Surveys .................................................................................................................................................5

2.3 Weed Risk Mapping ......................................................................................................................................5

3 Results 7

3.1 Summary........................................................................................................................................................7

3.2 Weed Infestations and Weed Risk Mapping................................................................................................8

3.3 Listed Weeds ...............................................................................................................................................25

3.3.1 Species....................................................................................................................................................25

3.3.2 Required Control Measures ...................................................................................................................25

3.4 Aquatic Weeds.............................................................................................................................................26

4 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures 27

4.1 Mitigation Measures ....................................................................................................................................27

4.2 Mitigation Measures from Environmental Assessment Biosis (2008) .....................................................27

Illustrations Illustration 1.1 Locality Map .............................................................................................................................. 3

Illustration 3.1 Weed Risk Mapping Area 1 of 7 ............................................................................................ 11







T2E Pacific Highway Upgrade Project: Weed Surveys 2012, V3 1697185

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Tables Table 2.1 Classification of Weeds in NSW ....................................................................................................... 5

Table 2.2 Weed Risk Rating Classification ....................................................................................................... 6

Table 3.1 Summary of Weed Infestations ......................................................................................................... 8

Table 3.2 Listed Noxious Weeds Occurring at the Site.................................................................................. 25

Plates Plate 3.1 Water Hyacinth within a number of fish ponds at Knockrow........................................................... 7

Plate 3.2 Infestations of Blue Taro within Byron Creek, upstream of the approved creek crossing............. 7

Plate 3.3 Camphor Laurel forest including Crofton Weed in the foreground ................................................. 7

Plate 3.4 Buddleja sp growing near the T2E southern tie-in........................................................................... 7

Appendices A Noxious Weed Listings for the Ballina Control Area (NSW, DPI)

B Weed Species Detected within the Project Corridor


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1

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

The Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) is currently undertaking an upgrade of a section of the Pacific Highway on the Far North Coast of New South. The upgrade consists of a 17 km four-lane divided carriageway, to be constructed between Ross Lane (Tintenbar) and Ewingsdale, linking the northern end of the Ballina Bypass to the existing dual carriageway at the Ewingsdale interchange. The upgrade passes through the Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ballina Shire and Byron Shire, and is situated within the South East Queensland Bioregion. The general location of the route is shown in Illustration 1.1.

Baulderstone Pty Ltd (Baulderstone) has been awarded the contract to design and construct the Tintenbar to Ewingsdale (T2E) upgrade.

The RMS Specification: D&C G36 - Version for Pacific Highway Upgrade-Tintenbar to Ewingsdale (RMS, 2011) outlines the requirements relevant to weed control on the T2E project. The specification states that “the Contractor (Baulderstone) must include procedures in the Construction Environment Management Plan (CEMP) for controlling the introduction and spread of weeds caused by the Contractors works, including arrangement for monitoring. When weeds are present on the construction site and the other affected areas by the Contractors work consult with Local Council and NSW Agriculture on, and be guided by the best practice removal and control techniques and any management procedures which may have been developed for Noxious weeds. All staff must be made aware of Noxious weeds present on the Construction Site and the other areas affected by the Contractors work and requirements related to the listing under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993.”

1.2 Purpose of Report

GeoLINK was engaged by Baulderstone to undertake weed surveys within the project corridor to identify significant areas of weed infestation and provide a risk mapping for weed infested areas prior to construction commencing to inform weed management during the project. The aims of the weed surveys were to:

Document all weed species, particularly listed weed species occurring within the project corridor.

Document areas of weed infestation occurring within the project corridor.

Asign a priority level of risk for weeds to areas within the project corridor, in order to guide weed management.

Provide additional recommendations for the management of weeds on the project.


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Drawn by: RE Checked by: MVE Reviewed by: DGH Date: March 2012 Information shown is for illustrative purposes only Source of base data: RTA and Department of Primary Industries

LENNOX HEAD

NEWRYBAR

SUFFOLK PARK

BANGALOW

BYRON BAY

TINTENBAR

EWINGSDALE

L E G E N D

Preferred route corridor (indicative only) Existing Pacific Highway

0 2 km Locality Map T2E Pacific Highway Upgrade Project: Weed Surveys (2012) Illustration 1.1 1697572

North

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2 Methodology

2.1 Weed Classification

For the purposes of this report, a ‘weed’ is defined as a plant growing in a terrestrial or aquatic area where it is not wanted (RMS, 2011). Weeds are generally classed into broad groups depending on their characteristics and potential impacts. The main groups of weeds considered within this report are described in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Classification of Weeds in NSW

Classification Description

Weeds of National Significance (WONS) Listed under the National Weeds Strategy

National Environmental Alert List Weeds Identified under the National Weeds Strategy

Noxious Require control under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW). Noxious weed declarations, their control class and control requirements are different for each local Government Area

Environmental Represent a threat to the conservation values of a natural ecosystem

Agricultural Represent a threat to agricultural production

A full list of the Noxious weeds as listed under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for the Far North Coast County Council area (which includes all areas within the Byron and Ballina LGAs) is provided in Appendix A.

2.2 Field Surveys

Field surveys were undertaken during the period from 16 January to 6 February 2012 by two ecologists from GeoLINK in conjunction with other ecological surveys being undertaken as part of early works for the project. An additional weed survey was undertaken on 24 April to complete weed risk mapping for all parts of the project corridor (refer to Section 2.3).

Surveys involved undertaking walking transects throughout the entire project corridor and noting the locations of weed infestations. Detailed notes were taken of the location, size and composition of weed occurrences as well as photographs of all infestations. Weed infestations as identified in the field were marked-up on a set of ecological constraints maps for the project.

2.3 Weed Risk Mapping

In order to guide weed management on the project a risk rating was applied to all areas within the project corridor based on the level of weed infestation and prevalence of noxious weed species. A description of the weed rating system is provided in Table 2.2. GIS layers were subsequently prepared using Arc GIS to depict these areas.


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Table 2.2 Weed Risk Rating Classification

Risk Rating Weed Infestation Level %

Presence of Noxious Weeds

Low 0 - 30 Areas which have a generally low prevalence of listed noxious weeds.

Medium 30 – 60 Areas which do not have a high prevalence of listed noxious weeds.

High 60 - 100 Include nearly all areas of Camphor Laurel as this species provides favorable habitat for numerous other weed species within the understorey and is indicative of land where weed management has not been routinely undertaken.


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Results

3.1 Summary

Forty nine (49) weed species were detected during the weed surveys within the project corridor which included eleven (11) noxious weed species, three (3) aquatic weeds and thirty five (35) Enironmental / Agricultural weeds.

The most abundant weeds detected were Camphor Laurel (Camphora cinnamomum), Large-leaf Privet (Ligustrum lucidum) and Small-leaf Privet (Ligustrum sinense) which occured within a number of large infestations within the project corridor (refer to Plate 3.3). Lantana (Lantana camara), Mistflower (Ageratina riparia), Crofton Weed (Ageratina adenophora) and Groundsel Bush (Bacharis halimifolia) were also locally abundant. Smaller weed infestations with potential to proliferate during the project include Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) [Plate 3.1], Blue Taro (Xanthosoma violaceum) [Plate 3.2], Buddleja (Buddleja sp) [Plate 3.4] and Giant Parramatta Grass (Sporobulus fertilis). A full list of the weed species identified during the surveys is provided in Appendix B.

Plate 3.1 Water Hyacinth within a number of fish ponds at Knockrow

Plate 3.2 Infestations of Blue Taro within Byron Creek, upstream of the approved creek crossing

Plate 3.3 Camphor Laurel forest including Crofton Weed in the foreground

Plate 3.4 Buddleja sp growing near the T2E southern tie-in.


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http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Araceae/Xanthosoma.html

3.2 Weed Infestations and Weed Risk Mapping

Weed infestations of varying levels were identified in most parts of the project corridor. Based on the severity of weed infestations, a series of weed risk maps were produced and are provided as Illustrations 3.1 to 3.7.

These weed risk maps indicate general locations within the corridor which are numbered. Numbered areas are referenced in Table 3.1 which summarises the weed infestations recorded within these locations.

Table 3.1 Summary of Weed Infestations

Number Vegetation Description Summary of Weeds Present

1 Predominantly cleared grassland with some Camphor Laurel Regrowth and occasional native paddock trees

Some occurrence of Singapore Daisy Scattered Lantana and Broad-leaved Privet. Dense Setaria and Broad-leaved Paspalum

2 Derilict fruit orchard with peripheral Tallowood windrows

Moderate densities of mixed weeds including Lantana, Broad-leaved Privet, Tobacco Bush.

Occasional Camphor Laurel saplings throughout. Broad-leaved Privet, Blue Billy Goat Weed and

Farmers Friends present.

3 Predominantly Macadamia orchards and with some cleared paddocks/drainage lines

Occasional agricultural weeds including Fireweed, Blue Billy Goat Weed and Farmers Friends present throughout at low densities.

4 Cleared pasture land Occasional agricultural weeds including Fireweed, Blue Billy Goat Weed and Farmers Friends present throughout at low densities.

Some scattered Camphor Laurels as shown in red.

5 Camphor Laurel stands and mixed native and exotic vegetetation around existing houses.

Stands of mature Camphor Laurel present. Understorey Lantana, Privet and Tobacco Bush.

6 Macadamia orchard and some cleared agricultural land

Some dense areas of Setaria Grass and Broad-leaved Paspalum within grassland areas.

Occasional agricultural weeds within Macadamia orchard.

7 Banana Plantation Occasional agricultural weeds present such as Farmers Friends, Blue Billy Goat, Fireweed and Silver-leaved Desmodium.

8 Overgrown agricultural land with some native and exotic tree species

Cocos Palms present around fish ponds. Dense areas of Setaria Grass and Broad-leaved

Paspalum. Scattered Groundsel Bush and Camphor Laurel. Water Hyacinth within a number of Fish ponds.

9 Cleared pasture land Dense Setaria and Broad-leaved Paspalum

10 Macadamia orchard Occasional agricultural weeds.

11 Cleared grazing land Dense Setaria and Broad-leaved Paspalum

12 Lowland rainforest vegetation Minimal weeds present. Scattered Setaia and Broad-leaf Paspalum on

periphery.


8


13 Eucalypt plantation and grassland Dense infestations of Singapore Daisy. Camphor Laurel, Winter Senna, Lantana and Privet

present within the understorey. Dense Setaria and Broad-leaved Privet present

around peripery of trees.

14 Cleared pasture land Dense Setaria and Broad-leaved Paspalum

15 Dense Camphor Laurel and weeds

Dense Camphor Laurel and Small-leaf Privet on western side of existing highway.

Camphor Laurel, Privet, Lantana, Winter Senna, Morning Glory and Coral Tree along verges of highway and to the east, associated with Emigrant Creek.

16 Macadamia orchard and some cleared agricultural land

Occasional agricultural weeds.

17 Dense Camphor Laurel and weeds

Dense line of Camphor Laurel and Privet along Watson’s Lane.

18 Derelict Macadamia orchard Camphor Laurel, Lantana, Winter Senna and Tobacco Bush interspered with Macadamia trees.

19 Coffee and Passionfrui orchard Scattered agricultural weeds including Farmers Friends, Blue Billy Goat etc.

Very scattered occurrences of Camphor Laurel saplings and Lantana associated with windrows

20 Macadamia orchard Dense Setaria Grass around outside of orchard.

21 Low-lying area associated with Skinners Creek

Some minor weed infestations including Tobacco Bush, Setaria Grass, Crofton Weed, Mistflower and Camphor Laurel saplings.

22 Camphor Laurel forest Mature Camphor Laurel with Crofton Weed, Mistflower, Lantana, Winter Senna and Groundsel Bush in the understorey.

Dense Setaria under gaps within the canopy.

23 Macadamia orchard Occasional agricultural weeds.

24 Mature Camphor Laurel with occasional native trees.

Mature Camphor Laurel with occasional Coral Tree and Privet within the understorey.

25 Mixed native and exotic trees with a weedy understorey

Some mature Camphor Laurel with Lantana, Tobacco Bush and White Cedar within the understorey.

26 Cleared pasture land Agricultural weeds including Cotton Weed and Fireweed present in low densities.

27 Camphor Laurel forest / Lowland Rainforest

Mature Camphor Laurel within canopy with Lantana and Privet within the understorey.

28 Lowland Rainforest restoration plantings

Some Lantana along the edges of vegetation.

29 Cleared grazing land Agricultural weeds including Cotton Weed and Fireweed present in low densities.

30 Lowland Rainforest/ Camphor Laurel forest

Mature Camphor Laurel within canopy with Lantana and Privet within the understorey.

Also some Crofton Weed, Mistflower, Winter Senna and Tobacco Bush along the rail corridor.

31 Camphor Laurel forest Mature Camphor Laurel within canopy with Lantana and Privet within the understorey.


9


32 Cleared pasture land Scattered occurrences of Groundsel Bush, Ragweed, Noogoora Burr and Duranta.

Dense aggregations of Whiskey Grass. Some scattered occurrences of Lantana, Camphor

Laurel and Duranta.

33 Derelict stonefruit orchard Scattered agricultural weeds including Ragweed, Fireweed and Blue Billy Goat.

34 Camphor Laurel forest Mature Camphor Laurel within canopy with primarily Privet within the understorey.


36 Lowland Rainforest Occasional Privet, Camphor Laurel and Lantana present.


38 Stand of Camphor Laurel A number of mature Camphor Laurels present. Blue Taro present within Tinderbox Creek.

39 Mixed Camphor Laurel, native trees and weeds

Mature Camphor Laurel and Privet present. Understorey weeds including Winter Senna, Crofton

Weed, Mistflower and Lantana.

40 Banana plantation Primarily agricultural weeds including dense Farmers Friend, Silver-leafed Desmodium and Blue Billy Goat Weed.

41 Cleared pasture land heavily infested with weeds

Mixed weeds including Winter Senna, Crofton Weed, Lantana and Duranta.

Other weed species present include Setaria Grass, Broad-leaved Paspalum, Ragweed, Guava, Farmers Friends and Blue Billy Goat Weed.

Red Azolla and Parrots Feather within farm dam.

42 Cleared pasture land Scattered occurrences of Camphor Laurel, Winter Senna, Lantana and Guava.

Dense Setaria and Broad-leaved Paspalum present.

43 Cleared pasture land Scattered agricultural weeds including Fireweed, Cuphea and Blue Billy Goat Weed.

Very occasional Groundsel Bush present.


Ocacsional Lantana and Mollases Grass

45 Cleared pasture land and Camphor Laurel forest

Areas of dense and scattered Camphor Laurel with Privet and Lantana in the understorey.

Occasional Groundsel Bush present. Some agricultural weeds including Fireweed and

Cotton Bush

46 Cleared grazing land Some agricultural weeds including Fireweed and Cotton Bush


Minimal weeds present.


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Drawn by: RE Checked by: MVE Reviewed by: DGH Date: May 2012

Information shown is for illustrative purposes only Source of base data: Roads and Maritime Services

Pacific Highway Martins Lane

Carney Place

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L E G E N D Project boundary High risk weed area Medium risk weed area Low risk weed area Weed infestation description reference

ADJOINING ILLUSTRATION : 3.2

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0 200 Weed Risk Area Mapping 1 of 7 T2E Pacific Highway Upgrade Project: Weed Surveys 2012 Illustration 3.1 1697015



Pacific Highway

Old Byron Road

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L E G E N D Project boundary High risk weed area Medium risk weed area Low risk weed area Banana land Weed infestation description reference


ADJOINING ILLUSTRATION : 3.1 1

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Drawn by: RE Checked by: MVE Reviewed by: DGH Date: May 2012 Information shown is for illustrative purposes only Source of base data: Roads and Maritime Services

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Plantation Drive

Myocum Road

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L E G E N D Project boundary High risk weed area Medium risk weed area Low risk weed area Banana land Weed infestation description reference ADJOINING ILLUSTRATION : 3.6 1

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3.3 Listed Weeds

3.3.1 Species

Eleven (11) ‘Noxious weeds’ as listed under the Noxious Weeds Act, 1993 for the Far North Coast County Council were detected during the survey. One of these species, Lantana (Lantana camara), is also listed as a Weed of National Significance (WoNS). Listed weed species identified within the project corridor are listed in Appendix B.

Table 3.2 Listed Noxious Weeds Occurring at the Site

Scientific Name Common Name Listing Extent / Location

Ageratina adenophora

Crofton Weed N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ageratina riparia Mistflower N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ambrosia artemisifolia

Annual Ragweed N5 Associated with pasture / grassland areas along the route.

Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel Bush N3 Scattered occurrences throughout the site in pasture /grassland locations.

Cinnamomum camphora

Camphor Laurel N4 Infestations along the route as isolated trees, roadside vegetation or larger Camphor dominated forest.

Eichhornia crassipes

Water Hyacinth N4 Within a number of artificial dams at the Knockrow fish farms.

Lantana camara Lantana N4/ WONS

Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ligustrum lucidum Broad-leaf Privet N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Ligustrum sinense Narrow-leaf Privet N4 Associated mainly with Camphor Laurel dominated areas and some areas of Lowland rainforest

Sporobolus fertilis Giant Paramatta Grass

N4 Primary location along the eastern edge of the project boundary along Bangalow road.

Xanthium spp Noogoora Burr N4 Scattered infestations along the corridor but larger infestations along the southern portion of Tinderbox Creek

3.3.2 Required Control Measures

Noxious weeds declared under the Noxious Weeds Act, are required by law to be controlled by all landholders within a given control area. The control requirements for Noxious weeds within the Far North Coast County Council are provided below:

N5 There are no requirements to control existing plants of Class N5 weeds. However, the weeds are "notifiable" and a range of restrictions on their sale and movement exists.

N4 The growth and spread of the plant must be controlled according to the measures specified in a management plan published by the local control authority.

N3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed.


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3.4 Aquatic Weeds

Aquatic weed infestations were generally low at the time of survey, due in part to recent periods of high rainfall which discourage the spread of such species. Primary infestations of aquatic weeds are summarised as follows: Dense infestations of Water Hyacinth within artificial dams at the fish farm locations; Infestations of Blue Taro within the Tinderbox Creek and Byron Creek system. Red Azolla and Parrots Feather present within an artficial dam, north of the St Helena ridgeline.

It should be noted that occurreneces of Red Azolla and Parrots Feather would be likely to proliferate during waterways such as Emigrant, Skinners and Tinderbox Creek during favorable climatic conditions (drier periods).

Occurrences of Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) are known from further downstream of Bangalow within Byron Creek. Monitoring for this highly invasive species is recommended throughout the project with any observations of this species to be reported to Far North Coast Weeds.


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4 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures

4.1 Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures have been developed to control the spread of weeds on the project:

The re-use of topsoil and mulch from areas on site should be guided by the weed risk mapping provided within this report (refer to Illustration 3.1to Illustration 3.7).

In general, it is advised that the topsoil layer and mulch generated from areas of ‘High risk’ not be re-used on the project.

The re-use of topsoil and mulch from areas of ‘Moderate risk’ should not be undertaken without treatment and subsequent testing that these materials are within industry standards for weed source content.

The re-use of topsoil and mulch from areas of ‘Low risk’ is considered to be appropriate providing that an integrated weed management strategy is implemented for the control of weeds within areas where this material is to be re-used.

Substantial mulching (using a weed free mulch) of batter and landscaping areas is advised to assist with minimising the initial establishment of weeds within such areas.

Ongoing weed control of finished batters and landscaping areas should be undertaken regularly for a minimum of 18 months prior to establishment by an experienced weed control contractor. Nearby projects have indicated the need for initial intensive maintenance of weeds with subsequent periodic weed control to ensure weed infestations are controlled long enough for landscaping works to establish.

Areas of Water Hyacinth occurring within the Fish farm location should either be removed prior to de-watering and disposed of at an appropriate Green Waste facility or sprayed with a suitable herbicide (ie Biactive Roundup) to minimise impacts to aquatic fauna in advance of dewatering.

Ongoing control of aquatic weeds within the project corridor should be undertaken when required using a suitable herbicide (ie Biactive Roundup) which will minimise impacts to aquatic fauna.

Protocols should be developed and implemented to ensure that plant and machinery enter / leave the site clean to prevent the spread of weed species.

Monitoring of the site and general surrounds for weed infestations should be undertaken during the project. This is considered particularly important for a number of waterways associated with the project including Skinners, Emigrant, Minor, Byron and Tinderbox Creeks. It is considered a high likelihood that aquatic weeds will proliferate in some of these areas during the project.

Separate weed control protocols should be developed and implemented for areas associated with threatened species habitat, in particular areas of Hairy Jointgrass which are required to be retained and managed within the project boundary. This should include measures to protect threatened species from inadvertent impacts from weed control and measures to control weeds within such areas. Such measures should be prescribed within a Hairy Jointgrass Management Plan for the project.

Areas of riparian zone outside of the alignment but within the project corridor at Tinderbox Creek and Byron Creek will require specific actions in terms of weed control due to the presence of the Endangered Giant Barred Frog (Mixophyes iteratus). These requirements will be detailed within a Management Plan currently being prepared for this species.

4.2 Mitigation Measures from Environmental Assessment Biosis (2008)

The following mitigation measures relevant to the management of weeds on the T2E project were presented as part of the T2E Environmental Assessment: Working Paper 4 – Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Assessment prepared by Biosis (2008) and are reproduced for convenience:


27

Restrict the area of native vegetation disturbed during construction works.

Restrict stockpiling to areas already cleared of vegetation.

Control drainage that may contain weed seeds or high levels of nutrients.

A meeting with a representative of Far North Coast Weeds should be arranged to determine the requirements for control and management of Noxious weeds on the site, in particular any such requirements for eradication prior to clearing and grubbing.

Use weed-free topsoil in landscaping and revegetate disturbed sites with locally indigenous species. In areas where vegetation to be cleared is in good condition, topsoil may be stockpiled and used for revegetation following the completion of construction works. Generally native vegetation remnants within the study area are in good-moderate condition however, soil (seed bank stockpiling should be restricted to areas in good-moderate condition avoiding disturbed areas such as road margins. Revegetation using stockpiled soils should also include planting local native species to stabilise the soil as well as ongoing weed control.

Monitor and control weed populations that establish on disturbed areas, with particular attention to eradication of noxious weeds. Weed invasions should be monitored and controlled by a person experienced in weed management.

A Weed Management Plan should be incorporated into the VMP, detailing necessary weed control works, particularly in areas where the weeds may impact on threatened species and/or their habitats.


28

Project Team

The project team members included:

David Havilah Project Manager / Ecologist

Dr Tom Pollard Ecologist

Grant McLean Field Assistant


29

References

New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (2012). Noxious Weed Declarations for the Far North Coast County Council. Available at http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/pests-weeds/weeds/noxweed/noxious-app-application?sq_content_src=%252BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3dpLmFncmljLm5zdy5nb3YuYXUlMkZ0 b29scyUyRnZpZXdjb3VuY2lsLmh0bWwmYWxsPTE%253D&council_id=127.

Richardson, F.J, Richardson, R.G and Shepherd, R.C.H. (2007). Weeds of the South East: An identification Guide for Australia.

Roads and Maritime Services, (2011). Specification: D&C G36 - Version for Pacific Highway Upgrade-Tintenbar to Ewingsdale.


31

Copyright and Usage

GeoLINK, 2012

This document, including associated illustrations and drawings, was prepared for the exclusive use of Baulderstone Pty Ltd. It is not to be used for any other purpose or by any other person, corporation or organisation without the prior consent of GeoLINK. GeoLINK accepts no responsibility for any loss or damage suffered howsoever arising to any person or corporation who may use or rely on this document for a purpose other than that described above.

This document, including associated illustrations and drawings, may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form without the prior consent of GeoLINK. This includes extracts of texts or parts of illustrations and drawings.

The information provided on illustrations is for illustrative and communication purposes only. Illustrations are typically a compilation of data supplied by others and created by GeoLINK. Illustrations have been prepared in good faith, but their accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. There may be errors or omissions in the information presented. In particular, illustrations cannot be relied upon to determine the locations of infrastructure, property boundaries, zone boundaries, etc. To locate these items accurately, advice needs to be obtained from a surveyor or other suitably-qualified professional.


33

A

Appendix A

Noxious Weed Listings for the Ballina Control Area (NSW, DPI)


Noxious weed declarations | NSW Department of Primary Industries Page 1 of 7

Noxious weed declarations

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Noxious weed declarations for Far North Coast County Council Note: this control area includes the local council areas of Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed.

The following weeds are declared noxious in the control area of Far North Coast County Council:

Weed Class Legal requirements

African feathergrass [Pennisetum macrourum]

5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

African turnipweed [Sisymbrium runcinatum] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

African turnipweed [Sisymbrium thellungii] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Aleman grass [Echinochloa polystachya] 2 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant

Alligator weed [Alternanthera philoxeroides] 2 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant

Anchored water hyacinth [Eichhornia azurea] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Annual ragweed [Ambrosia artemisiifolia] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Arrowhead [Sagittaria montevidensis] 4 The plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed This is an All of NSW declaration

Artichoke thistle [Cynara cardunculus] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Athel pine [Tamarix aphylla] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Bathurst/Noogoora/Hunter/South American/Californian/cockle burr [Xanthium species]

4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Bear-skin fescue [Festuca gautieri] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Bitou bush [Chrysanthemoides monilifera subspecies rotundata]

4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Black knapweed [Centaurea nigra] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Blackberry [Rubus fruticosus aggregate 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that

file:///P:/GEO01697%20T2E%20Baulderstone%20Tender%20Input/Reports/T2E%20... 5/03/2012


species] except cultivars Black satin Chehalem Chester Thornless Dirksen Thornless Loch Ness Murrindindi Silvan Smooth stem Thornfree

reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed This is an All of NSW declaration

Boneseed [Chrysanthemoides monilifera subspecies monilifera]

2 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant

Bridal creeper [Asparagus asparagoides] 4 The plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Broad-leaf pepper tree [Schinus terebinthifolius]

3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Broomrapes [Orobanche species] Includes all Orobanche species except the native O. cernua variety australiana and O. minor

1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Burr ragweed [Ambrosia confertiflora] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Cabomba [Cabomba species] Includes all Cabomba species except C. furcata


Camphor laurel [Cinnamomum camphora] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Cayenne snakeweed [Stachytarpheta cayennensis]


Chilean needle grass [Nassella neesiana] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Chinese celtis [Celtis sinensis] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Chinese tallow tree [Triadica sebifera] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Chinese violet [Asystasia gangetica subspecies micrantha]


Clockweed [Gaura parviflora] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Columbus grass [Sorghum x almum] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Corn sowthistle [Sonchus arvensis] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Crofton weed [Ageratina adenophora] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Dodder [Cuscuta species] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable Includes All Cuscuta species except the native weed must be complied with



species C. australis, C. tasmanica and C. victoriana

This is an All of NSW declaration

East Indian hygrophila [Hygrophila polysperma]

3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

English broom [Cytisus scoparius] See Scotch broom

Espartillo [Amelichloa brachychaeta, 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable Amelichloa caudata] weed must be complied with


Eurasian water milfoil [Myriophyllum 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be spicatum] kept free of the plant.


Fine-bristled burr grass [Cenchrus brownii] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Fountain grass [Pennisetum setaceum] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Gallon's curse [Cenchrus biflorus] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Giant Parramatta grass [Sporobolus fertilis] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Giant rat's tail grass [Sporobolus pyramidalis] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Glaucous starthistle [Carthamus glaucus] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Golden thistle [Scolymus hispanicus] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Green cestrum [Cestrum parqui] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Groundsel bush [Baccharis halimifolia] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Hackleberry, Celtis [Celtis sinensis] See Chinese celtis

Harrisia cactus [Harrisia species] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed This is an All of NSW declaration

Hawkweed [Hieracium species] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Heteranthera [Heteranthera reniformis] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed



Horsetail [Equisetum species] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Hydrocotyl [Hydrocotyl ranunculoides] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Hygro [Hygrophila polysperma] See East Indian hygrophila

Hygrophila [Hygrophila costata] 2 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant

Hymenachne [Hymenachne amplexicaulis 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be and hybrids] kept free of the plant.


Johnson grass [Sorghum halepense] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Karoo thorn [Acacia karroo] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Kochia [Bassia scoparia] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be except Bassia scoparia subspecies trichophylla kept free of the plant.


Kosters curse [Clidemia hirta] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Kudzu [Pueraria lobata] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Lagarosiphon [Lagarosiphon major] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Lantana [Lantana species] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Leafy elodea [Egeria densa] 4 The plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed This is an All of NSW declaration

Lippia [Phyla canescens] 4 The plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed by any person other than a person involved in hay or lucerne production and the growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its spread and continuously inhibits its reproduct This is an All of NSW declaration

Long-leaf willow primrose [Ludwigia longifolia] 4 The plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Mexican feather grass [Nassella tenuissima] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Mexican poppy [Argemone mexicana] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Miconia [Miconia species] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration



Mikania [Mikania micrantha] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Mimosa [Mimosa pigra] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Mistflower [Ageratina riparia] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Mossman River grass [Cenchrus echinatus] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Mysore thorn [Caesalpinia decapetala] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Nodding thistle [Carduus nutans] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Noogoora burr [Xanthium species] See Bathurst/Noogoora/Hunter/South American/Californian/cockle burr

Pampas grass [Cortaderia species] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Parthenium weed [Parthenium 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be hysterophorus] kept free of the plant.


Pond apple [Annona glabra] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Prickly acacia [Acacia nilotica] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Prickly pear [Cylindropuntia species] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed This is an All of NSW declaration

Prickly pear [Opuntia species] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that Includes all Opuntia species except O. ficus-indica reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously

inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed This is an All of NSW declaration

Privet (Broad-leaf) [Ligustrum lucidum] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its flowering and reproduction

Privet (Narrow-leaf/Chinese) [Ligustrum 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that sinense] reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously

inhibits its flowering and reproduction

Red rice [Oryza rufipogon] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration



Rhus tree [Toxicodendron succedaneum] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that prevents any above ground part the plant from encroaching within 2 metres of the property boundary and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed This is an All of NSW declaration

Rubbervine [Cryptostegia grandiflora] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Sagittaria [Sagittaria platyphylla] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Salvinia [Salvinia molesta] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Scotch broom [Cytisus scoparius] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Senegal tea plant [Gymnocoronis spilanthoides]


Serrated tussock [Nassella trichotoma] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Siam weed [Chromolaena odorata] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Smooth-stemmed turnip [Brassica barrelieri subspecies oxyrrhina]


Soldier thistle [Picnomon acarna] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Spiny burrgrass [Cenchrus incertus] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Spiny burrgrass [Cenchrus longispinus] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed

Spotted knapweed [Centaurea stoebe subspecies micranthos]


St. John's wort [Hypericum perforatum] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Texas blueweed [Helianthus ciliaris] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

Tropical soda apple [Solanum viarum] 2 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant



Water caltrop [Trapa species] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes] 4 The growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction

Water lettuce [Pistia stratiotes] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Water soldier [Stratiotes aloides] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Willows [Salix species] Includes all Salix species except S. babylonica, S. x reichardtii, S. x calodendron


Witchweed [Striga species] Striga species except the native Striga parviflora


Yellow bells [Tecoma stans] 3 The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed

Yellow burrhead [Limnocharis flava] 1 The plant must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. This is an All of NSW declaration

Yellow nutgrass [Cyperus esculentus] 5 The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with This is an All of NSW declaration

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B

Appendix B

Weed Species Detected

within the Project Corridor


Table B1 Weed Species Detected within the Project Corridor

Family Scientific Name Common Name Listing

Noxious Weeds

Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia Annual Ragweed N5

Asteraceae Ageratina adenophora Crofton Weed N4

Asteraceae Ageratina riparia Mistflower N4

Asteraceae Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel Bush N3

Asteraceae Xanthium occidentale Noogoora Bur N4

Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel N4

Oleaceae. Ligustrum lucidum Broad-leafed Privet N4

Oleaceae. Ligustrum sinense Narrow-leafed Privet N4

Poaceae Sporobolus fertilis Giant Parramatta Grass N4

Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth N4

Verbenaceae Lantana camara Lantana N4, WoNS

Environmental / Agricultural Weeds

Apocynaceae Gomphocarpus physocarpus Balloon Cotton Bush

Araceae Xanthosoma violaceum Blue Taro

Araliaceae Schefflera actinophylla Umbrella Tree

Asparagaceae Asparagus aethiopicus Asparagus Fern

Asteraceae Ageratum houstonianum Blue Billygoat Weed

Asteraceae Bidens pilosa Cobbler's Pegs

Asteraceae Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium*

Scotch Thistle

Asteraceae Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed

Asteraceae Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore Daisy

Asteraceae Tagetes minuta Stinking Roger

Basellaceae Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine

Buddlejaceae Buddleja sp Buddleja

Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis Hairy Commelina

Commelinaceae Tradescantia fluminensis (albiflora) Wandering Jew

Convolvulaceae Ipomoea cairica Coastal Morning Glory

Convolvulaceae Ipomoea indica Blue Morning Glory

Davalliacea Nephrolepis cordifolia Fishbone Fern

Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium esculentum Bracken

Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)

Erythrina X sykesii Coral Tree

Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)

Senna pendula var. glabrata Winter Senna

Fabaceae Desmodium uncinatum Silver-leaved Desmodium

Lythraceae Cuphea carthagenensis Cuphea

Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Guava

Ochnaceae Ochna serrulata Ochna

Passifloraceae Passiflora subpeltata White Passionflower

Poaceae Andropogon virginicus Whiskey Grass

Poaceae Paspalum mandiocanum Broad-leafed Paspalum


http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Araceae/Xanthosoma.html

Family Scientific Name Common Name Listing

Poaceae Paspalum urvillei Vasey Grass

Poaceae Setaria sphacelata South African Pigeon Grass

Rutaceae Murraya paniculata Orange Jessamine

Saliaceae Flacourtia indica Governors Plum

Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush

Solanaceae Solanum linnaeanum Apple of Sodom

Verbenaceae Duranta sp Duranta

Verbenaceae Verbena bonariensis Purpletop

Aquatic Weeds

Haloragaceae Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrots Feather

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea ceurulea Blue Egyptian Water Lily

Salviniaceae Azolla filiculoides Red Azolla


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaeaceae


Attachment 4 – Additional Banana Information


Additional Banana Information

BANANAS The diseases of most concern within the Australian banana industry are bunchy top, a virus disease, and Panama disease which is caused by the Fusarium fungus. Both these diseases are known to occur in the Ballina and Byron Shire Council areas and can be spread by the movement of plant material and their spores borne in water (Primefact 1029, 2010). Movement of banana plants between localities in the Ballina and Byron Shire Council areas is therefore discouraged; due to the possibility of spreading latent bunchy top (NSW Agriculture, Agnote DPI/310) and Panama diseases.

Prior to the clearing and grubbing of banana plantations that fall within the construction footprint, banana plants will be inspected for any visible signs of Bunchy top and/or Panama disease.

If any suspected disease is observed, call the Exotic Plant Pest Hotline on 1800 084 881 to clarify.

The following information has been extracted from the Farm Biosecurity Manual for the Banana Industry (Plant Health Australia and the State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009) and Primefact 1029 - Panama Disease in Bananas (NSW Industry & Investment, August 2012) and is provided to assist construction personnel in the identification and appropriate management of these banana plantation diseases.

Bunchy Top Disease

What causes bunchy top?

Bunchy top is the most devastating viral disease of bananas world-wide. Caused by banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), this disease is characterised by the ‘bunched’ appearance of newly emerging leaves and dot-dash flecking of leaves and stem sheaths. Affected plants do not produce fruit, resulting in significant loss ofproduction on commercial farms. BBTV is a regulated banana pest under active quarantine control in Australia. What does it look like?

• Dark green dot-dash flecks along veins of leaves, most visible on the underside at the base of the leafadjacent to the midrib.

• Flecks in veins which can form characteristic ‘hooks’ into the midrib from the leaf blade (also seen on the petioles and in the leaf sheaths of stems).

• Reduced growth with emerging leaves becoming choked and ‘bunched’. • Affected leaves appearing more upright with pale yellow margins, often having wavy leaf margins. • If infected at an early stage, plants become very stunted and rarely produce bunches. • If infected at a later stage, distorted bunches may be produced.

Affected leaves are more upright with pale yellow margins. Leaf margins may also be more wavy than normal.

1



Typical bunching of emerging leaves.

New leaves are stunted and bunchy. Leaf edges are deformed and yellow. (Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ f2/Banana_Bunch_Top_Virus.jpg)

2



Vein-flecking can be seen on the petioles and in the lamina of some leaves.

How is it spread?

BBTV is spread in infected planting material, or by the banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa). Aphids can retain the virus for several weeks and may cover large distances especially when blown by the wind. Plants can also be infected without showing symptoms. How is it controlled?

Control can only be achieved through the destruction of affected plants. Control depends on prompt detection. Panama Disease Identification of Panama Disease

Panama disease is a fungal disease that kills banana plants. It cannot be eradicated and can put banana farmers out of business. Panama disease invades plants through the roots and blocks the vascular tissue, cutting off the supply of water and nutrients. Banana plants of all ages are susceptible. Dead plants leave behind spores that will infect any future plantings. Once a plantation has Panama disease, there is no cure or control mechanism. The spores will remain in the soilfor many years and susceptible varieties cannot be grown. Panama disease was first discovered in Australia in the 1870s and since has spread to most banana growing districts. What does it look like?

The first external symptom of Panama is the irregular yellowing of the margins of older leaves, which later turn brown and dry out. These leaves eventually collapse along the leaf stalk or at the junction of the stalk and stem, resulting in a skirt of dead leaves forming around the lower part of the plant. Heart leaves may remain unusuallyupright giving the plant a spiky appearance. Following this, plants can take on a generally wilted appearance. The stem may split, which is often followed by death of the parent stem, but suckers do not necessarily die. Internal symptoms of Panama include discolouration of the inner tissue in the corm and pseudostem. The easiest way to observe these symptoms is to cut through the pseudostem near ground level. The discolouration is usually seen as reddish-brown or black lines running up and down the pseudostem, or rings running around the cross section of tissue. 3



Initial external symptoms ofPanama disease include yellowing leaf margins on older leaves.

As the disease progresses, older leaves dieand form a skirtaround the lower part of the plant.

4



Splitting of the pseudostem associated with Panama disease infection.

5



Internal browning of stems and corms is the key diagnostic symptom of Panama disease How is it spread?

The disease spreads within the plantation when spores are moved in soil by water, workers, vehicles, animals or movement of planting material. The disease has mostly been spread between plantations by movement ofinfected planting material or soil. How is it controlled?

The most effective control measure for Panama disease is the exclusion of the pest and simple farm hygiene procedures. Prompt detection is essential, and affected plants must be destroyed because the disease cannot be cured. Minimal site disturbance after the affected plants have been destroyed (e.g. by herbicide injection) is crucial to avoid further spread of the pest via movement of soil or plant material. There are strict quarantine regulations to prevent spread of infected material to clean areas through movement of soil, water or plant materials.

Reporting Suspected Diseases

Any unusual plant disease should be reported immediately via the Exotic Plant Pest Hotline on 1800 084 881. If you suspect you have found an exotic plant disease, the following general precautions should be taken: • Do not allow movement of people and equipment near the affected area as this can spread diseases very

rapidly. • Wash hands and clothes that have been in contact with affected plant material or soil. • Do not touch, move or transport affected plant material. Contact your state department of primary industries

and they will assist with the correct protocols for sampling, handling and transport of samples. Incorrect handling could further spread the pest or render the samples unfit for diagnosis.

Movement of vehicles and machinery Vehicles and construction equipment such as excavators, trucks and water carts can carry diseases attached to soil and plant material (especially in wet conditions). Diseases could then be transported to other areas. While itis impractical to stop all traffic movement on and off the construction site, washing down machinery, or denying access of dirty machinery, prior to them entering or leaving the site can reduce the spread of diseases. Contractors and service providers such as delivery trucks and earth moving equipment can, and should, be 6



requested to clean their vehicles and equipment before entering your farm. Measures to consider: • In banana plantation areas, keep vehicle movement to a minimum, especially on wet soil. Identify specific

vehicles for use in banana plantation areas and limit the introduction of new machinery. • Hose off and disinfect machinery in a designated wash-down area before moving from the affected banana

plantation area. • Use high pressure water or air to remove plant material and soil from larger equipment and machinery.

Ensure that waste water and debris don’t enter waterways or adjacent banana production or storage areas. • Always make sure that all construction machinery being brought onto site is cleaned of all plant material and

soil before entering the site.

Wash-down facilities A wash‑down facility allows contractors to clean their vehicles and equipment and allows diseases to be contained in one easily managed area. Wash-down areas should: • Be readily accessible and located between the construction areas and site access roads. • Be well away from adjacent farms/crops. • Have access to power and water. • Have a sealed (concrete or bitumen) or packed gravel surface. • Not drain into a waterway or adjacent farm/plantation/crop. • Have a sump or collection area for easy inspection.

Useful contacts

Exotic Plant Pest Hotline 1800 084 881

New South Wales – Department of Primary Industries

Telephone: 1800 808 095 / 02 6391 3100

Facsimile: 02 6391 3336

Postal address: Locked Bag 21, Orange NSW 2800

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

Wollongbar Agricultural Institute (NSW Department of Primary Industries): Telephone: 02 6626 1261

Mr Jeremy Bright of the Wollongbar Agricultural Institute: Telephone: 02 6626 1346;

Mobile: 04 2721 3059

7

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au


Attachment 5 – EWMS-EW-001 Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing, Weed Management

VEGETATION MANAGEMENT CLEARING & GRUBBING WEED MANAGEMENT

(including plantation management)

Environmental Work Method Statement

Pacific Highway Upgrade – Tintenbar to Ewingsdale

Zone: Project Management

Document No: EWMS-EW-001

2.1 23-Oct-12 For publication

Rev # Date Description of Change

EWMS-EW-001 Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing, Weed Management (VMCGWM)Pacific Highway Upgrade - Tintenbar to Ewingsdale

Table of Content

1. PURPOSE/SCOPE OF ACTIVITY.............................................................................................................................. 3

2. OBJECTIVES OF THIS EWMS.................................................................................................................................. 3

3. AREA/LOCATION OF ACTIVITY/SITE ..................................................................................................................... 3

4. SCHEDULE.............................................................................................................................................................. 3

5. HERBICIDE SPRAYING............................................................................................................................................ 4

6. CONSULTATION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 4

7. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

8. DOCUMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS EWMS ..................................................................................................... 5

9. APPROVALS............................................................................................................................................................ 5

10. INCIDENT RESPONSE............................................................................................................................................. 5

Appendices

Attachment 1 Clearing & Grubbing / Weed Management Flowchart

EWMS-EW-001 [2] VMCGWMP Page 2


1. PURPOSE/SCOPE OF ACTIVITY This EWMS is applicable to the removal of vegetation over the proposed T2E alignment.

The purpose of this document is to cover the following process steps:

• Clearing and grubbing of the site,

• Vegetation management,

• Weed management,

• Soil management arising from topsoil and subsoil stripping,

• Production of ‘mulch only’ stockpiles

• The stripping and stockpiling of topsoil and subsoil.

This EWMS covers the works associated with these activities ensuring all activities are conducted in accordance with the requirements of RMS.

Clearing & grubbing, topsoil stripping and stockpiling activities involve the use of the following plant:

• Excavator, feller/grabber, dozer, chainsaw, broad acre mulcher, chipper, tub-grinder, backhoe, articulated dump trucks and bogie tipper trucks.

The management of weeds, or the continual suppression and destruction of weeds outside of the construction footprint and within the project boundary will be undertaken. Future landscaping areas are detailed in PLAN-ENV-FF01 Vegetation Management, Clearing and Grubbing, Weed Management Plan (VMCGWMP) and the Urban Design and Landscape Plan (UDLP).

2. OBJECTIVES OF THIS EWMS To outline the procedures and controls to be implemented onsite, in order to manage identified risk to ensure:

• Impacts on fauna are avoided, minimised and mitigated

• Impacts on flora (in particular threatened flora) are avoided, minimised and mitigated

• Protected areas are to be identified and suitably delineated with No-Go exclusion fencing.

• Clearing & Grubbing and Topsoiling operation are completed in accordance with deed and SWTC requirements, RTA specifications and approved project documentation.

3. AREA/LOCATION OF ACTIVITY/SITE Clearing, grubbing as well as soil and subsoil stripping will take place in accordance with the approved Site Clearing and Boundary Fencing drawings.

4. SCHEDULE Clearing, grubbing, mulching and stripping and stockpiling of soil works are planned to commence in August 2012 and are anticipated to continue for approximately three months. Management of stockpiles will be ongoing throughout the project.



5. HERBICIDE SPRAYING Camphor Laurel along the construction footprint will be injected with herbicide prior to removal in accordance with the PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP and EWMS-EW-006 Herbicide Treatment of Camphor Laurel.

In the event spraying is required to be undertaken, it will be done in accordance with the PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP and in particular ensuring impacts to sensitive receivers are avoided, minimised and mitigated.

6. CONSULTATION REQUIREMENTS RMS, EPA, DPI (Fisheries) and the ER have been be consulted on the development of this EWMS.

The Community Relations Manager will conduct targeted community consultation prior to the commencement of these activities in accordance with the Community Communication Strategy. Public enquiries and complaints are to be referred to the Community Relations Manager.

EPA and RMS will be consulted in the event that a threatened flora or fauna species, that was not identified and assessed in the Environmental Assessment or other project documentation, is discovered during clearing activities in accordance with PSP-ENV-FF-004 Unexpected Threatened Species Finds Procedure.

EPA, Rous Water and RMS will be consulted on clearing activities to be undertaken within 15m of waterways. This consultation will be undertaken through providing EWMS to these agencies for review as well as site visits through the ERG meeting.

BPL will contact the organisations listed below to give them prior notice that they may be called upon to assist and provide assistance for any injured fauna.

• WIRES Northern Rivers:02 6628 1898

• Northern Rivers Wildlife Carers Inc.: 02 6628 1866 • Byron Bay Veterinary Clinic: 02 6685 6899

• Vitality Vetcare (Bangalow): 02 6687 0675

7. REFERENCES • GeoLINK, 2012, Tintenbar to Ewingsdale Pacific Highway Upgrade Project - Weed Mapping Report

• GeoLING, 2012, Giant Barred Frog Management Protocol

• DPI, 2011, Noxious Weed Declaration for Far North Coast County Council

• DPI, 2011, Noxious and environmental weed control handbook – A guide to weed control in non-crop, aquatic and bushland situations

• CRC for Australian Weed Management, 2004, National Heritage Trust Introductory Weed Management Manual

• RMS, 2012, RMS Environmental Direction– Management of Tannins from Vegetation Mulch

• RTA, 2001, RTA Stockpile Site Management Procedures

• RTA, 2011, RTA Biodiversity Guidelines.


A


8. DOCUMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS EWMS • FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing / Ground Disturbance Permit

• EWMS-EW-005 Project Fencing (Construction)

• PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna Handling and Rescue

• PSP-ENV-FF-002 Nest / Roost Box Installation and Management

• PSP-ENV-FF-004 Unexpected Threatened Species Finds

• PSP-ENV- HA-001 Unexpected Archaeological Finds

• PSP-ENV-HA-003 Heritage Management

• PSP-ENV-SW-001 Refuelling

• PSP-ENV-SW-012 Stockpile locations

• Timber Reuse Strategy

9. APPROVALS A Pre-Clearing Permit will be completed prior to works commencing following an inspection by the Project Ecologist.

The following Threatened Flora species will be specifically targeted in this survey:

• Syzygium moorei (Durobby) • Syzygium hodgkinsoniae (Red Lilly Pilly)

• Tinospora tinosporoides (Arrow-head Vine) • Cryptocarya foetida (Stinking Cryptocarya)

• Diploglottis campbellii (Small-Leaved Tamarind) • Arthraxon hispidus (Hairy Joint Grass)

• Macadamia tetraphylla (Macadamia Nut) • Archidendron hendersonii (White Laceflower)

• Arthraxon Hispidus (Hairy Joint Grass)

These surveys are to be completed 10 days prior to works commencing.

10. INCIDENT RESPONSE In the event of an environmental incident, the Superintendents or Environmental Co-ordinator will contact the Environmental Manager (EM) immediately.

The EM will respond to the incident in accordance with the RMS Environmental Incident Reporting Procedure (2012) and PLAN-SF-002 Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan (ERIMP).


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Environmental Work Method Statement (EWMS)

# Sequence of Work Activities

How will the work be done?

Potential Hazards What harm can occur?

Risk Level

H / M / L

Safeguards/Controls How can the risk be minimized?

Responsibility Who will ensure that controls are in place?

1 – Prior to Works Commencing

1.1 Provide training to personnel and sub-contractors involved

Non-compliance with agreed work methods

Med • All project personnel working on this activity will be ‘toolboxed’ on the requirements of this EWMS

prior to commencing work on the site

• The ‘toolbox’ is to include a briefing on the attached constraints map so that everyone knows the

location of sensitive receivers or environmentally sensitive areas

• All project personnel are to be made aware of the Noxious Weeds present and the relevant

requirements under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993

• Workers are to familiarise themselves with the environmental mitigation measures within this EWMS

and the environmentally sensitive sites / no-go zones identified on the environmental constraints

maps prior to commencing site survey clearing

• All project personnel involved in the construction activities will be made aware of the clearing limits. It

is prohibited to encroach on areas beyond the boundaries of the identified clearing limits

• All site personnel are reminded of the No-Go areas during the pre-start meetings

EM

Superintendents

1.2 Scheduling/commen cing work activities

Noise disturbance to community

Low • Works are to be conducted within standard working hours

o Monday to Friday – 7am to 6pm

o Saturday 8am to 1pm

• No plant or machinery is to be started (“warmed up”) prior to the approved start time

Superintendents

Project Engineers

1.3 Community notification in accordance with Community Communications Strategy

Community are exposed to impacts without prior notice

Low • The Community Relations team to undertake notification to the receiving community members in

accordance with the Community Communications Strategy

Superintendents

Community Relations Manager

1.4 Develop progressive ERSED control plans

Impacts on waterways

Med • Progressive ERSED plan to be developed and reviewed by Soil Conservation officer prior to

commencement of clearing operations

• ERSED controls to be installed prior to the commencement of clearing and grubbing

EM

Soil Conservationist

1.5 Ensure weed and soil debris is removed from plant and equipment prior to arrival on site

Spread of weeds, pathogens or mud

Med • Upon arrival to site, all plant/machinery/vehicles will be inspected along with the completed FRM-

ENV-003 Clean-down Declaration Certificate.

• All plant/machinery/vehicles will be inspected to ensure no weeds material, mud or dirt (that may

contain pathogens), dirt or cane toads are present otherwise entry will be refused

• Machinery will be required to be cleaned prior to leaving site and moving to other locations around

the project corridor.

Superintendents






Risk Level

H / M / L



1.6 Install frog fencing Impact to Giant Barred Frog

High • One week prior to clearing, parts of the Project site within or adjacent to areas of GBF Habitat are to

be fenced off to exclude frogs (refer GBF Management Protocol) with according “No-Go” signage.

EM Superintendents

2 – Project Boundaries

2.1 Mark out limit of

clearing for the

footprint

Installing No-Go

areas

Unauthorised damage to items of significance

Med • Boundaries of properties and environmentally sensitive areas (retained threatened species, EEC

vegetation and culturally sensitive areas) are to be delineated and marked as No-Go areas and sign-

posted every 50 metres

• No-Go areas are marked on the Environmental Constraints Maps provided to workers as part of the

toolbox

• No admittance is allowed into the No-Go areas without prior approval of the EM

• If access to a No-Go area is essential, the Environmental Coordinator will be notified and a “Permit to

enter Protected or No-Go areas” will be obtained

EM Superintendents

Survey Team

Areas correctly marked

Damage to any trees outside the limits of clearing

Low • Mark out and fence the limit of clearing based on the footprint of the formation shown on the Site

Clearing and Boundary Fencing drawings

• Offsets from trees are to be in accordance with AS4370 Trees on Development Sites and a Cert IV

arborist must be consulted

• The clearing limits will be delineated by installing highly visible flagging rope or bunting in accordance

with EWMS-EW-005 Project Fencing – Construction

• Place clearly visible markers placed at 15 m intervals and highly visible barrier or flagging rope on

each side of the road formation and bridges as shown on the Drawings

• These delineated areas are to be checked by the Project surveyor, (Lynton Surveyors) at least 5

working days prior to clearing

EM

Superintendents

Survey Team

3 – Pre-Clearing Surveys

3.1 Pre-clearing surveys Damage of Fauna Areas

Med • A joint inspection is to be undertaken by the EM and the Project Ecologist to check the clearing limits

and temporary exclusion fencing including but not limited to no-go fencing around areas of retained

Hairy Joint Grass within the project corridor.

• FRM-ENV-FF-001 Pre-Clearing Permit is be completed and signed by the Project Ecologist and EM or

Coordinator prior to commencement of clearing verifying the following requirements :

O Inspect clearing limits and no-go fencing

O Identify and relocate any fauna present within the area to be cleared

O Identify and clearly mark out any hollow-bearing trees or habitat trees which will be

subject to the two stage clearing process and ecologist clearing supervision.

• Identify opportunities to preserve habitat trees that fall within or are likely to be affected by the

clearing limits.

Project Ecologist/

EM






Risk Level

H / M / L



• Inspect tree hollows within vegetation to be cleared as part of the project

• Should any such hollows be located during the survey(s), nest boxes will be installed in accordance

with PSP-ENV-FF-002 Nest / Roost Box Installation and Management and/or PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna

Handling and Rescue

• The Project Ecologist is to identify any trees outside the limits of clearing that are unsound and likely

to fall upon the roadway or onto private property

• A search of riparian zones and appropriate habitat for the Platypus, crayfish, turtles and other aquatic

fauna that may be identified will be undertaken by the Project Ecologist prior to clearing commencing

in a given area to identify Platypus and burrows of this animal. Where active burrows are identified

within an area to be cleared efforts will be made to capture and relocate Platypus away from the

works area. This work will be undertaken in consultation with the EPA.

• Trees occurring along the creek bank will be cut off at the base, leaving the root system in situ to

contribute to bank stability.

• The Project Ecologist is to provide a report to verify the above for discrete areas to be cleared and

provide it to RMS at least 10 working days before the commencement of clearing in a given area.

• Specific mitigation measures for the Giant Barred Frog (GBF) to be implemented during clearing and

grubbing are currently being finalised as part of the Giant Barred Frog Management Protocol. Identify

exclusion zones and locations for no-go fencing to protect areas of habitat for the GBF associated

with the Project Site.

1. Areas of habitat for the GBF within the clearing limits are to be fenced off with frog fencing to

the satisfaction of the Project Ecologist, at least three days prior to clearing commencing within

these areas. Fenced off areas are to be surveyed by the project ecologist over two nights (using

spotlighting and call playback surveys) to locate and capture any GBF or other fauna within the

excluded works area.

2. The Ecologist will relocate GBF from the works area to a relocation site in accordance with the

requirements of the GBF Management Plan.

3. Frog fencing around the works area will be routinely inspected to ensure that it is intact and that

no frogs will enter the works area during construction.

4 – Weed Management

4.1 Identification of weed areas

Spreading of weeds

High • Areas of weed infestations have been marked on the GIS drawings as Medium and High risk areas

• The areas of weed infestations will be flagged on site and these areas will be isolated to minimise the

spread of weeds into non-weed infested areas

• Vehicle movements are to be controlled moving between these areas

• Vehicle Movement Plans (VMPs) will be developed to ensure that vehicles wherever possible move

Project Ecologist

EM






Risk Level

H / M / L



from uninfested weed areas towards infested weed areas

• Vehicles, plant and machinery are to be free of soil when arriving on site and moving between weed

infested and non-weed infested areas

• Truck wash down, rumble grids to be installed and operated to ensure mud, weeds or pathogens are

not transported around the region or onto roads

• Ensure wheels, bodies and undercarriage of vehicles and are washed thoroughly before travelling on

public roads

• Mud spilt on public roads to be immediately removed by a road sweeper

4.2 Implement Giant Barred Frog hygiene protocols

Spread of Chytrid High • Wash down bays will be implemented at appropriate entry / exit points at the southern approach for

Byron Creek and the northern approach of Tinderbox Creek (as shown on Illustration 2.1, GBF

Management Protocol).

• Wash down bays will incorporate an area for site personnel to disinfect boots when entering / leaving

sterile zones during clearing / grubbing and stripping of topsoil.

• Wash down bays will be situated at least 100 m from waterways.

• Wash down areas will be contained with wash-down material is to be removed off site to a licensed

waste facility.

• All construction personnel will be made aware of the requirements for wash down with this

procedure.

4.3 Reuse and disposal of Weeds

Correct disposal of weeds and reuse of Camphor Laurel

Med • Weeds are to be managed in accordance with PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP and the vegetation

diagrams at the end of this document

• Weeds (marked as High and Medium) – excluding Camphor Laurel are to be disposed of and not used

for mulch

• Camphor Laurel vegetation may be mulched provided it is not in fruiting season

Project Ecologist

4.4 Staging of weed removal

Spreading of weeds

Med • Staging of vegetation clearing, mulching and topsoil stripping will be undertaken from least weedy

vegetation to most weedy vegetation in accordance with PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP, to prevent

the spread of weeds into uninfested areas

Superintendents Environmental Co-ordinators

4.5 Weed Management Non-Segregation of weed material

Med • Identify stockpile areas for weeds as depicted on the GIS drawings

• All weeds are to be kept separate from vegetation to be mulched and reused on site

Superintendents

5 – Control Weeds (Chemical Treatment)

5.1 Spray weeds with herbicide

Non-compliance Med Herbicide and/or pesticide application is to be administered by authorised personnel only( ChemCert Accreditation AQF 3), in accordance with Workcover requirements

Weed Contractor/EM

5.2 Incorrect weed Med Treat areas of noxious weed infestation in accordance with the herbicide specific to each species, as listed in and the Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook (DPI 2011) where mechanical removal is Weed Contractor /






Risk Level

H / M / L



treatment not feasible. Project Engineer

The weed contractor is to ensure that weather conditions are such that spray drift will not arise due to “windy” conditions.

An anemometer will be used at each location of spraying to determine the wind speed is less than 10 km/hr. The wind speed and direction will be recorded at the height at which the chemical will be applied.

Environmental Co-ordinator

Project Engineer

Spraying of noxious weeds will be carried out in accordance with the following to avoid damage to adjacent native vegetation and to prevent overspray entering waterways or adjacent property:

Pesticides will be used in accordance with the Pesticides Act 1999, other relevant legislation, label directions and any relevant industry codes of practice.

FRM-ENV-FF03 Pesticides Application Records Sheet will be completed within 24 hours of applying the pesticide and a copy submitted to RTA’s Representative, the ER and the PV.

FRM-ENV-FF03 Pesticides Application Records Sheet will not be required to be completed when:

(a) The pesticide is only applied by hand or by using hand-held equipment.

(b) If applied outdoors on any single occasion in quantities of no more than 5 litres/5 kilograms of concentrated product or 20 litres/20 kilograms of the ready-to-use product, or; if applied indoors in quantities of no more than 1 litre/1 kilogram of concentrated product or 5 litres/5 kilograms of the ready-to-use product.

• All personnel managing and using pesticides will be appropriately trained prior to commencing work.

• Only pesticides registered for use near water will be used near water.

Public notification of pesticide use will be in accordance with Annexure G36/H. The following measures will be implemented whenever pesticides are used adjacent to, or across the road from, a Sensitive Place:

• Mechanical means of pest control (such as mowing or slashing) will be used where feasible; or

• Hand-held application of pesticides will occur where mechanical means of pest control are not feasible

Avoid applying pesticides:

(i) on hot days when plants are stressed.

(ii) after seed has set.

(iii) within 24 hours of rain or when rain is imminent.

(iv) when winds will cause drift of pesticides into non-target areas (nominally 10 km/hr or greater)

(v) or within such distance of a watercourse which would permit the herbicide to enter the water.

A biodegradable red dye will be included with the herbicide spray. The dye content used will be sufficient to ensure that the treated areas can be identified.


Project Engineer






Risk Level

H / M / L



Areas sprayed with herbicide will remain undisturbed for a minimum period of two weeks or such longer period as is recommended by the herbicides manufacturer.

Pre-emergent herbicides (registered for the application) will be used to prevent the growth of weeds where deemed required by the weed contractor or Project Ecologist.

5.3 Weeds remain in topsoil

Med Treat weeds other than noxious species with appropriate herbicide mixed with biodegradable red dye, so that treated areas can be identified.

Weed Contractor / Project Engineer

5.4

Poor spraying outcomes

High Do not use spray herbicide in proximity to threatened flora species, as the spray can drift onto the threatened species. In this case, undertake cut-stump or stem injection methods of weed control.

Weed Contractor / Project Engineer

5.5 High

Do not use herbicide that will detrimentally affect water quality, or spray herbicide so close to a watercourse that the herbicide can enter the water and contaminate the waterway. Only pesticides registered for use near water may be used near water.

Weed Contractor

5.6

Med

Complete a Records Sheet within 24 hours of applying the herbicide (refer to Herbicide Application Record Sheet). A copy must be submitted to the EM. EM is to submit report to RMS’s Representative, the Environmental Representative and the Project Verifier. A record sheet is not required where herbicide is applied by hand or using hand-held equipment, or, if applied in quantities of no more than 5 litres/5 kilograms of concentrated product or 20 litres/20 kilograms of the ready-to-use product.

Weed Contractor

6 – General Works – applicable to all clear, grub, topsoil tripping, mulching and stockpiling activities

6.1 Implement ERSED controls

Erosion and sedimentation due to ground disturbance resulting in pollution of waterways after rain

High • Implement erosion control measures progressively as clearing proceeds and maintain erosion controls

as required following daily checks

• Protect areas of ground disturbance by implementing ERSED control measures (silt

fence/bunds/drains) in accordance with Progressive ERSED plan. Creek banks stabilization will be

determined following consultation with the Superintendents, Environmental Coordinator and Soil

Conservationist, to suit each creek

Superintendents Environmental Co-ordinators

Soil Conservation-ist

6.2 Refuelling and Spill

Management

Impact on

waterways

Med • Refuelling to be undertaken in accordance with PSP-ENV-SW-001 Refuelling

• Where there is direct drainage to a waterway or environmentally sensitive area, refuelling or

maintenance of plant and equipment will be undertaken with appropriate temporary bunding.

• Refuelling or maintenance of plant and equipment is not permitted within 50 metres of built or natural

drainage lines or other environmentally sensitive areas

• Refuelling operations will not be left unattended while in progress

• Adequate quantities of spill-kit material will be kept readily available within the vicinity of refueling

activities

• Clean up all spills immediately

All Project

personnel/ EM

6.3 Unexpected find of a Heritage Item

Damage of heritage item

Med • If a suspected heritage item is found, stop any work within 50m of the item and contact the EM

immediately (see contact list) refer to PSP-ENV- HA-001 Unexpected Archaeological Finds and PSP-

All personnel






Risk Level

H / M / L



ENV-HA-003 Heritage Management

• Any heritage find will be appropriately fenced as No Go exclusion zones

EM

6.4 Disturbance / exposure of soil

Creation of excess dust

Med • Water sprays, sprinklers and water carts will be employed to adequately dampen stockpiles, work

areas and exposed soils to prevent the emissions of dust from the site

• Dust causing activities will be modified/stopped during periods of high winds or when dust is

observed to be leaving the site boundary

Superintendents

6.5 Transporting soil around site and on public roads

Creation of excess dust

Med • All trucks leaving site are to have their loads covered to prevent dust being generated from the load. Superintendents

Project Engineers

6.6 Using machinery Disturbance to residents

Med • Where possible the quietest suitable plant reasonably available will be selected for the work activity

• Ensure plant items including tub grinder are appropriately maintained and in good working order

• Where possible, the offset distance known to emit noise from plant items and nearby noise sensitive

receivers will be as great as possible

• Where possible, orient the plant known to emit noise strongly in one direction so that the noise is

directed away from noise sensitive areas

• No cleared vegetation will be burned on site

Superintendents

6.7 Clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil near services

Damage to services

High • Review dial-before-you-dig documents prior to top soil stripping operations

• If necessary undertake service pot holing to determine exact location of services before removing

stump

• Remove stumps as a separate operation in areas near services or consider the options of cut stumping

to ground level and incorporation of root ball in foundation design preparation

Superintendents

Project Engineers

6.8 Siting of stockpiles Poor management of stockpiling locations

Med • The ESCPs will detail the measures that will be implemented to protect stockpiles from erosion by

wind and water erosion.

• Materials will only be stockpiles in areas designed on the Ancillary Facilities Stockpiling Locations

(CEMP ATT 18) or in accordance with PSP-ENV- SW-012 Stockpile locations.

• Prior to stockpiling material, temporary sediment control fences will be installed on the downhill side

of stockpile sites and diversion drains will be installed on the uphill side of stockpile sites

• Stockpiling of vegetation, mulch and topsoil is to be in accordance with the Stockpile Location Plan

• Stockpiled material not to be placed inside vegetation protection areas or within 5 metres of retained

trees or within 50 metres from the high bank of any water courses or drainage line

• Locate the stockpiles so that any slump of the stockpile will not affect erosion and sediment control

measures

Superintendents







Risk Level

H / M / L



6.9 Soil or vegetation removed offsite and around the project area

Poor verification of compliance with POEO Act

Low • All material removed offsite is to be tracked on the Material Tracking Register with verification of any

landfill dockets

• All material transferred around the site is to be tracked and documented

• Documentation is to be obtained and recorded in accordance with PLAN-ENV-008 Waste Reuse and

Recycling Management Sub-Plan

Superintendents Environmental Co-ordinators Project Engineers

6.10 Inspection, monitoring and continual improvement

Poor compliance with this EWMS

Med • Continual visual observation is to be undertaken to ensure compliance with the requirements of this

EWMS

• A Weekly Inspection Checklist is to be completed that includes monitoring of compliance with this

EWMS

EM

Superintendents/

6 – Clear and Grub

6.1 Removal or habitat and hollow bearing trees

Damage to threatened flora and fauna species, habitat trees and other native vegetation

Med • Undertake a two-stage approach to clearing

• Habitat trees identified during the Pre-clearing Permit process will be marked by the Project

Ecologist.

• The Ecologist will be in attendance during the felling of habitat/hollow bearing trees

• Remove non-habitat trees at least 48 hours before habitat trees are removed.

• Habitat trees/ hollow-bearing trees are to be cut off at the base whilst the trunk is held in place with a

swivel-head attachment on an excavator

• The tree is laid carefully on the ground to minimise any disturbance to fauna taking refuge on/inside

the tree

• Felled trees will be left for a short period of time on the ground to give any fauna trapped in the trees

an opportunity to escape before further processing of the trees.

• As the Project Ecologist will be present when habitat/hollow bearing trees are being felled, the

Project Ecologist will inspect the felled trees immediately.

• Fell hollow-bearing trees so that hollows are preserved for reuse.

• Fell habitat trees in the hottest part of the day

Project Ecologist/ EM

Superintendents

6.2 Rescue and relocation of fauna

Fauna mortality Med • The Ecologist is the only person qualified to handle and care for injured fauna.

• Remove fauna prior to felling where possible using appropriate trapping methods such as mist nets,

bags tied over openings and other appropriate methods as specified by the wildlife specialist or

project ecologist in accordance with the PSP-ENV-FF-001 Fauna Handling and Rescue

• Allow felled habitat trees to stay on the ground overnight or be inspected by the Ecologist prior to

further processing

• If fauna is found in felled habitat trees arrange for the capture and relocation of fauna. Report any

live, injured or killed fauna to the Project Ecologist

Environmental Co-ordinators/ Project Ecologist






Risk Level

H / M / L



6.3 Clearing and grubbing near watercourses

Damage to watercourse and riparian areas

High • Grass and understory vegetation is to be retained within 15m of rivers, creeks, watercourses and

drainage lines until immediately prior to construction activities in those areas

• Vegetation is to be retained adjacent to waterways and near bridges where possible. – at least a 1.5

metre buffer to be retained

• Trees within 10m of the centreline of a bridge, and within 15m of any watercourse will be cleanly cut

down between 300mm and 600mm above the ground level, unless marked for retention

• Trees within riparian zones, will be cut stump at ground level leaving the stump and roots within the

bank to minimise creek line disturbance

• Banks to be stabilized through ERSED controls

• Any trees with branches overhanging bridges will have branches lopped to be 3m clear of the bridge

• Avoid the use of sprays for weed removal near waterways. If sprays are to be used, only Biactive

Roundup (or similar) is to be used near a waterway

Superintendents

Weed Removal Contractor

6.4 Reinstatement of surface following grubbing

Increased erosion and sedimentation

Med • Grubbing is to be used to remove any trees and stumps that cannot be removed by felling

• Grubbing will be carried out to a depth of 0.5m below that natural surface, and 1.5m below the top of

the Selected Material Zone

• Backfilled holes will be stabilised within 7 days of removal of the stump

Superintendents


6.5 Inspection of unsound trees

Damage to nearby property from unsound trees

Low • Unsound trees within the road reserve which may fall on the roadway or adjacent property will be

cleared or pruned in accordance with AS 4373

• Any overhanging branch will be cut back flush with the tree trunk in accordance with AS 4373

Superintendents/

7 – Mulching – this applies to ‘mulch/topsoil’ stockpiles and ‘mulch only’ stockpiles

7.1 Commence mulching activities

Ineffective reuse of mulch material

High • Trees cleared during construction from areas marked as Low Risk Weed Areas (macadamia and native)

will be chipped and mulched

• This mulch material will be left on the ground to act as ERSED controls until top soil stripping

commences

• The mulch will be incorporated into the top soil and then picked up and stored in stockpile on site

• Large logs and tree limbs may have other reuse options around site, particularly in demarcating areas

• Cleared stumps or logs are not to be used at the end of fauna underpasses

Superintendents


Project Engineers

7.2 Removal of Camphor Laure (outside of fruiting season)

Spread of Noxious and other weeds

Med • Camphor Laurel may be chipped and mulched and used on site for ERSED controls (provided the tree

is not fruiting)

• Camphor Laurel is not to be incorporated into the top soil as the soil beneath Camphor Laurel is

considered a High Risk for weed contact and will not be reused as topsoil for landscaping

• The soil beneath Camphor Laurel is to be deep buried (below minimum 500 mm capping and

Superintendents







Risk Level

H / M / L



nominally 100m from waterways ) or disposed offsite to a licenced landfill in accordance with PLAN-

ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP

• Refer to PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP for removal of Camphor Laurel during fruiting season

7.3 Removal of merchantable timber

Ineffective reuse of resources

Med • Where possible (dependent upon mulch excess or shortfall on site), camphor laurel may be reused in

accordance with the Timber Reuse Strategy and the PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP:

o transported to a co-generation facility for reuse

o offered to the community for reuse

Superintendents

7.4 Removal of weeds from High and Medium risk weed areas (other than Camphor Laurel)

Spread of Noxious and other weeds

Med • Remove identified noxious and environmental weeds and stockpile separately.

• DO NOT incorporate this material or topsoil into mulch

• Weed vegetation is to be deep buried (below minimum 500 mm capping and nominally 100m from

waterways ) or disposed offsite to a licenced landfill in accordance with the PLAN-ENV-FF01

VMCGWMP

Superintendents

7.5 Placement of mulch stockpiles

Impact on air quality and waterways

• The stockpiles will be located away from drainage lines and watercourses in accordance with the

Stockpile Location Plan and the ERSED control plan

• Stockpiles to be formed to a maximum height of 2.5m

• Effective clean water diversions to be installed above these stockpiles

• The stockpiles will be sealed with a roller or similar to ensure stabilisation of the surface of the

stockpile

Superintendents

Soil Conservation Coordinator.

7.6 Management of mulch stockpiles

Fire danger Med • Mulch stockpiles will be regularly inspected

• Stockpiles are to be regularly turned / aerated

• No cleared vegetation will be burned on site

• Locate stockpiles with continual access

• Ensure fire extinguishers are available at all times during operations

Superintendents


8 – Removal of Plantation Material

8.1 Management of macadamia plantation vegetative material

Establishment and spread of Husk Rot

Med • Macadamia plantation material is to be mulched immediately and spread over topsoil as per item 7.1 Superintendents






Risk Level

H / M / L



8.2 Management of plantation vegetation and topsoil:

• Bananas

• Coffee

• Avocado

• Passionfruit,

• Guava

• Stonefruit

• All, except Macadamia

Spread of Panama disease and Banana Bunchy Top virus via vegetation and topsoil

Low • Banana material and other plantation material (except macadamia) is to be inspected by the Project

Ecologist for the presence of disease (yellow, unhealthy appearance, possible foreign growth / insects

present)

• The EM is to contact DPI if any suspected banana disease is present

• Banana material is to be removed and buried away from any pavement, structure, watercourses or

drainage paths, or taken to a licenced landfill

• Plantation material is to be covered with inert fill to a minimum of 500 mm compacted thicknesses

after the material has consolidated

• Loads on trucks leaving site with banana vegetation or topsoil are to be covered to prevent exposure

to other crops leaving site

• Topsoil from beneath plantation material is to be removed and covered with inert fill to a minimum of

500 mm compacted thicknesses after the material has consolidated

• Avoid transport of the plantation material vegetation or topsoil to another site to decrease the risk of

exposure of disease to other crops in the region

• Ensure vehicle hygiene measures are employed for all vehicles, plant and machinery leaving banana

plantation areas

• Regrowth of any suckers from plantation material will be considered to be a weed

Environmental Manager (Project Ecologist)

9 – Disposal of Pasture Grass to Local Landowners Grass (Marked as Low Risk area on Weed Mapping)

9.1 Planning to remove pasture grass offsite to a location that is not owned by RMS and is not a licenced waste facility

Incorrect documentation in place

Low • Where suitable locations for the topsoil horizon from areas marked as Pasture Grass on the weed

mapping can be found on site, the topsoil is to be removed offsite to local landowners

• Preference is to relocate the topsoil onto RMS owned land.

• Where top soil is to be disposed onto private land, ensure Section 143 Notices under the POEO Act

have been received by RMS prior to transporting the pasture grass to the receiver

• Documentation to be completed in accordance with Waste Reuse and Recycling Plan including a risk

to ensure the material can be proved to be classified as VENM

EM

Superintendents

9.2 Removal of pasture grass offsite to a location that is not owned by RMS and is not a licenced waste facility

Incorrect management

High • The material will be removed from site immediately and not stockpiled as this will remove the VENM

classification.

Superintendents

10 – Topsoil Stripping

10.1 Stripping topsoil with incorporated mulch from areas of

Spread of noxious weeds

High • Natives and macadamia areas will be stripped and stockpiled separately at the beginning of the

stripping operation to minimise the spread of weeds through machinery

EM






Risk Level

H / M / L



Native and Macadamia areas – Marked as low risk on the Weed Mapping

• Native and macadamia soil / mulch is to be stockpiled for later use in landscaping provided it is weed

free

• Monitoring of weed growth and topsoil suitability to be in accordance with PLAN-ENV-FF01

VMCGWMP

Weed removal contractor

10.2 Stripping topsoil from areas marked Medium and High risk areas on the Weed Mapping

Spread of noxious weeds

High • The topsoil from Medium and High areas as marked on the weed mapping will be deep buried (below

minimum 500 mm capping away from any pavement, structure or watercourse- nominally 100m) or

disposed offsite to a licenced landfill in accordance with the PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP

• This includes soil from beneath Camphor Laurel areas

EM Weed removal contractor

11 – Stockpiling of soil (soil only) – ‘mulch/soil’ stockpiles are detailed in Section 7above

11.1 Siting of stockpiles Impact on waterways

High • Stockpiles will be located away from drainage lines and watercourses in accordance with the Stockpile

Location Plan and the ERSED control plan

• Stockpiles to be formed to a maximum height of 2.5m

Superintendents

Soil Conservation Officer.

11.2 Stabilisation of stockpiles

Dust Med • Stockpiles will be sealed with a roller or similar to ensure stabilisation of the surface of the stockpile

for temporary stockpiles

• Stockpiles will be seeded in accordance with R178 within seven days of completion of disturbance, for

stockpiles that will be in place for longer than 4 weeks

• Other measures to stabilise temporary stockpiles, such as covering with geo-textile, will be

considered and applied as required

• Stockpiles will be inspected in accordance with site inspection protocol (continual visual inspection

and weekly documented inspection (FRM-ENV-001 Weekly Inspection Checklist)

Superintendents


12 – Reuse of Topsoil for Landscaping

12.1 Managing / placing topsoil for landscaping

Topsoil placement does not comply with Deed requirements

Med • Suitability of topsoil to be placed for landscaping is to be managed in accordance with the UDLP and

the PLAN-ENV-FF01 VMCGWMP

Superintendents



Toolbox signoff

By signing this document you confirm that the EWMS has been fully explained and you have clearly understood and accept your required responsibilities and actions. You also confirm that you understand that the controls specified in this EWMS will be applied as documented or an alternative EWMS is to be prepared and approved. Where this EWMS is incorporated into, and toolboxed as part of, a Safe Work Method Statement, toolbox signoff may be made on the Safe Work Method Statement signoff.

Name Position Employer Signature Induction No. Date



Attachment 1 – Clearing and Grubbing / Weed Management Flowcharts

EWMS-EW-001 [2] VMCGWMP


Weed Management – High and Medium Risk Weed Areas



Management of Camphor Laurel



Management of Vegetation and Topsoil for Low Risk Weed Areas


MULCH USED FOR ERSED CONTROLS


VEGETATION REMOVAL CATEGORIES - SUMMARY NOTE: All subsoil (below topsoil – not containing viable weed material) may be reused on site.

Topsoil (weed bank, organic layer): O

0mm – A

50mm

Subsoil (highly weathered layer): A

50mm – B

150mm

RISK (GeoLINK

Weed Mapping)

VEGETATION DESTINATION TOPSOIL DESTINATION MULCH OR

TOPSOIL USED FOR LANDSCAPING

Macadamia (low topsoil horizon)

LOW

• Mulched in situ and picked up with the scraper

• Burnt to fuel pit burning operation ****(if approval gained)

REUSED FOR LANDSCAPING

YES • Ensure tannin

controls in place

MULCH – YES

TOPSOIL - YES

Pasture grass

LOW

• Buried on-site • Taken offsite to

landfill/composting facility • Burnt ****(if approval gained)

• Offsite to landowners (with DA and Section 143 notices)


landfill/composting facility (ensure no spread of noxious weeds)

NO NO

Noxious weeds / • Buried on-site Environmental weeds • Taken offsite to

• Buried on-site landfill/composting • Taken offsite to facility (ensure no

MEDIUM landfill/composting facility (ensure spread of noxious NO NO no spread of noxious weeds) weeds)

• Burnt ****(if approval gained)


MULCH USED FOR ERSED CONTROLS


RISK (GeoLINK

Weed Mapping)

VEGETATION DESTINATION TOPSOIL DESTINATION MULCH OR

TOPSOIL USED FOR LANDSCAPING

CAMPHOR LAUREL (all have been poisoned so no viable fruit => )

HIGH

• Mulched for ERSED controls (ensure tannin controls in place)

• Taken offsite to landfill composting facility

• Burnt to fuel pit burning operation**** (if approval gained)



YES • Ensure tannin

controls in place

MULCH YES

TOPSOIL - NO

BANANAS • inspected by

Project Ecologist for disease prior to removal

• transport covered to reduce impact to other banana

BANANA • Buried on site

• Taken off-site to landfill facility



NO NO

crops • Buried on-site

• Buried on-site Coffee • Taken offsite to

landfill/composting facility (ensure • Taken offsite to Passionfruit no damaging of other crops) landfill/composting

HIGH facility (ensure no NO NO Guava • Do not stockpile next to damaging of other

functioning crops crops) Avocado

• Pit Burnt (if approval gained)


ENVIRONMENTAL DIRECTION Management of Tannins from Vegetation Mulch

JANUARY 2012

ABOUT THIS RELEASE

Environmental Direction number 25

Environmental Direction title Management of Tannins from Vegetation Mulch

Author Environment Branch (Environmental Policy)

Issue Date Revision description

1 December 2011 Final draft

2 January 2012 Final

COPYRIGHT

© NSW Roads and Maritime Services, 2011

All intellectual property and copyright reserved.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1968, no part of this report may be reproduced, transmitted,

stored in a retrieval system or adapted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without written permission.

i

ENVIRONMENTAL DIRECTION: Management of Tannins from Vegetation Mulch

CONTENTS ABOUT THIS RELEASE......................................................................................................I 1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................2

2 MANAGEMENT MEASURES ......................................................................................2

2.1 General mulch management measures .....................................................................2

2.1.1 Planning and works staging............................................................................2

2.1.2 Stockpile location and management...............................................................2

2.1.3 Management measures for the use of mulch on site......................................3

2.1.4 Monitoring and response................................................................................3

2.2 Mulch management methods for high risk sites.....................................................3

2.2.1 High risk sites .................................................................................................3

2.2.2 Stockpile management measures for high risk sites ......................................3

2.3 Site management procedures ....................................................................................3

3 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................4

3.1 Tannin generation from vegetation mulch .............................................................4

3.2 Tannin impacts on water quality ............................................................................4

3.3 Use of mulch on construction sites ........................................................................4

4 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES........................................................................................5

5 APPENDICES ..............................................................................................................6

Appendix 1: Plates showing tannin generation & water quality impacts...........................7

Appendix 2: Plates showing the use of mulch for erosion & sedimentation controls ......10

Appendix 3: Minimum requirements for community mulch giveaways ...........................14

Appendix 4: Community mulch giveaway information sheet ..........................................15

Appendix 5: Records template for community mulch giveaway .....................................17

Environmental Direction No. 25 January 2012 Page 1 Printed copies of this document are uncontrolled

1

2


PURPOSE

The purpose of this environmental direction is to set RMS’s minimum management measures to minimise the generation and discharge of tannins from vegetation mulch on Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) construction projects. Additional background information on tannins and the use of mulch on construction sites is included in section 3 of this direction.

MANAGEMENT MEASURES

The primary focus must be to minimise tannin generation on construction sites.

2.1 General mulch management measures

These general mulch management measures are to be followed for all RMS construction projects.

2.1.1 Planning and works staging

The first step in planning and works staging is to identify the amount of mulch to be generated. With this information, a strategy can be prepared to manage mulch on site. Staging of chipping, tub grinding and/or mulching activities should be planned to reduce the volume of mulch to be managed at any one time. The volume of excess mulch can then be assessed and plans made to dispose of this off site.

Other general considerations at the planning and works staging phase are as follows: • Mulch stockpile sites should be established with appropriate controls in place before the main

site clearing activities commence. Limited clearing may be required earlier for establishment of stockpile areas and access.

• Stage the mulching of cleared vegetation to ensure that mulch can be progressively moved to elevated, or otherwise suitable, stockpile locations. It is preferred that mulch should be transferred to a stockpile or reused on the day of mulching.

• Plan to efficiently reuse mulch in progressive works to reduce the time that mulch is concentrated in stockpile locations.

• Excess mulch can be managed by community giveaway. This takes considerable time and mulch needs to be suitably located and managed as this occurs. The conditions for community giveaway of mulch are included as Appendix 3.

• Any other form of bulk offsite mulch disposal (eg to Council parkland or a development site) must be assessed to ensure waste management provisions are adhered to for off site disposal.

2.1.2 Stockpile location and management

• Mulch stockpile sites should be established on elevated ground where possible. • Stockpile sites with a duration of not more than 1 month should be constructed not less than 20

metres from a watercourse, including floodplains. • Stockpile sites with a duration of more than 1 month should be constructed not less than 50

metres from a watercourse, including floodplains. • Mulch stockpiles should be designed and constructed to divert upgradient water to prevent it

from entering the stockpile site.



2.1.3 Management measures for the use of mulch on site

• Do not use mulch for surface cover or sedimentation controls in any low lying areas of the site that remain consistently wet. Alternative controls such as geofabric (for surface protection) or sediment fence will be required in these areas.

• Do not spread surface mulch in thicker than 100mm layers. Mixing mulch with topsoil is encouraged for batters to prevent loss of topsoil during initial stabilisation. It should be noted that mulch will generally cause nitrogen draw down which may inhibit plant growth, unless mulch has been composted first.

• Care is to be taken to ensure that excessive mulch is not applied for sedimentation controls such as perimeter bunds or catch dams.

2.1.4 Monitoring and response

• Monitor the site for generation of tannins. Tannin impacts can be readily identified visually as dark coloured ponded water. Site staff should be trained to identify and report potential impacts to the site project management or environment staff.

• Review management practices where required to prevent the generation of tannins in identified problem areas.

2.2 Mulch management methods for high risk sites

2.2.1 High risk sites

High risk sites, where additional management measures may be required, include: • where large quantities of mulch will be generated and stockpiled. • where high tannin generating vegetation types are to be mulched (see 3.1). • where the receiving environment is identified as sensitive (eg Marine Park, threatened aquatic

species habitat). • where tannins have been observed to be generated or discharged from an operating site with

standard management controls.

2.2.2 Stockpile management measures for high risk sites

• Mulch stockpiles for high tannin generating vegetation types should incorporate an impermeable bund to capture stockpile leachate or tannin impacted water. Impervious bunds must be a minimum of 300 mm high, preferably higher to capture tannin impacted water. All bunded stockpiles that are in place for a period longer than one month must include a lined discharge point for overflow in extreme rainfall events.

• Stockpiles established on sloping sites must be designed to provide temporary stormwater containment equivalent to a 300 mm minimum height bund on a flat site.

• Tannin impacted water should be pumped out of bunded stockpiles within 5 days of the end of a rainfall event to maintain the storage capacity. This water should be used for on site purposes including dust suppression and landscape watering. These activities must be managed to prevent any pooling or runoff of tannin impacted water.

• Bunded stockpiles must be inspected within 24 hours of cessation of any rainfall event greater than 10mm to ensure tannin impacted water does not overflow.

2.3 Site management procedures

Site management procedures must be prepared for all sites where tannins are identified as a potential issue. Site management procedures should be based on the management measures provided in this Environmental Direction.


3


BACKGROUND

3.1 Tannin generation from vegetation mulch

See Plates 1 – 3 in Appendix 1.

Tannins are naturally occurring plant compounds. Tannin generation from vegetation mulch is likely to be highest from low-lying coastal floodplain areas. The species of vegetation (eg Melaleuca) will have a major impact on the likelihood of tannin generation.

Tannin generation is generally highest from mulched vegetation that is stockpiled in areas that are subject to inundation. Placement in wet areas will result in accelerated leaching of tannins into water, concentration of tannins in pooled water, and greater impacts on water quality.

3.2 Tannin impacts on water quality


The main concern with the discharge of water that is high in tannins is that it may increase the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the receiving environment. Increases in BOD may result in a decrease in available dissolved oxygen. A lack of dissolved oxygen is identified as the main cause of about 80 percent of fish kills in NSW rivers and estuaries.

Tannin impacts may result in dark coloured water discharge from construction sites. This impact can be obvious and may raise the concern of the community and other stakeholders including regulatory authorities. Once discharged to the environment, tannins may reduce visibility and light penetration and change the pH of receiving waters. These impacts may affect aquatic ecosystems in receiving environments.

Tannins cannot be readily treated with standard construction site water quality controls. Once water on site is impacted with tannins it is not possible to treat effectively with currently approved flocculants. Minimisation of tannin generation in the first place is the management strategy that must be applied.

3.3 Use of mulch on construction sites


The RMS Biodiversity Guidelines provide guidance on the benefits of reusing various sizes of vegetation for different purposes. Mulch is a readily available and cheap source of material for temporary site stabilisation and sedimentation control. The re-use of mulch reduces the need to transport this material off-site and reduces handling and disposal costs for construction contracts.

Unprotected mulch sedimentation controls should not be placed in concentrated flow lines where mulch may be washed away. Mulch may be protected by wrapping it with geofabric or other materials to provide a stable control. All temporary catch dams constructed from mulch must have a stable outlet to minimise the washing away of mulch in high rainfall events, and the possible failure of the control.


4


ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• RTA Biodiversity Guidelines- Protecting and Managing Biodiversity on RTA Projects, 2011 • Pacific Highway Mulch Protocol 2011


5


APPENDICES



Appendix 1: Plates showing tannin generation & water quality impacts

Plate 1: Melaleuca vegetation community – mulch from this vegetation type will generally produce high amounts of tannins.

Plate 2: Vegetation mulching activity – mulch should be progressively moved into prepared stockpile areas.



Plate 3: Tannin generation from recently felled and partially mulched vegetation in an area subject to localised inundation. Mulched vegetation should be progressively moved to prepared stockpiles

to manage tannin impacted water.

Plate 4: Tannin impact in stormwater at the discharge point from a road construction site. The discharge of impacted water may be obvious to community and other stakeholders.



Plate 5: Tannins in a drainage line generated from very thickly applied mulch on the batter above. Note that the sedimentation fence is not effective in treating the tannins.



Appendix 2: Plates showing the use of mulch for erosion & sedimentation controls

Plate 6: Mulched vegetation stockpiled in a low-lying area subject to inundation. This is not an appropriate stockpile location and may increase the generation of tannins from stockpiled mulch.

Plate 7: Mulch being placed as batter erosion control. Mulch should not be applied in layers more than 100 mm thick for surface stabilisation.



Plate 8: Site showing recent application of a mulch/topsoil mix on batters (40% mulch to 60% topsoil). Mulch mixes are used to provide temporary stabilisation to prevent the loss of topsoil from batters in heavy rainfall events. Mulch use is also shown as a mounded sedimentation control to

prevent sediment entering the median drain.

Plate 9: A mulch/topsoil mix used to provide temporary batter stabilisation and to assist cover crop establishment.



Plate 10: Successful establishment of cover crops on batters where mulch has been used with topsoil to assist temporary stabilisation.

Plate 11: Geofabric wrapped mulch bunds used for sedimentation control



Plate 12: Mulch used as a bund for a temporary sedimentation catch dam. Mulch is effective as it can provide both containment and filtering of site water. Mulch should not be used as a control in areas of concentrated flow where it may be washed away. Any mulch containment control should

have a defined and lined outlet that allows discharge from the control without washing mulch away. Note that this control does not have a defined discharge outlet which should be installed to prevent

failure of the control in heavy rainfall events.



Appendix 3: Minimum requirements for community mulch giveaways

The purpose of community mulch giveaways is to provide mulch for residential landscaping purposes.

The activities of a community mulch giveaway are permissible under the Protection of the Environment Operations (Waste) Regulation 2005 – General Exemption Under Part 6, Clause 51 and 51A (the Raw Mulch Exemption 2008). However, the activities remain subject to other relevant environmental regulations within the Act and Regulations. The Raw Mulch Exemption 2008 is subject to the following conditions: • The raw mulch can only be applied to land for the purposes of filtration or as a soil amendment

material or used either singularly or in any combination as input material(s) to a composting process.

• The consumer must land apply the raw mulch within a reasonable period of time. Further information can be found at: www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/waste/ex08mulch.pdf

It is the mulch generators responsibility to ensure that the mulch is reused in an environmentally responsible manner.

A safe work method statement (SWMS) must be prepared that identifies potential OHS risks and all prevention and mitigation measures. The SWMS must apply to both the community and site workers involved in the mulch giveaway.

Each member of the community who participates in the mulch giveaway must read and understand a site specific information sheet. A template information sheet is attached as Appendix 4.

The site occupier must maintain written records for each load of mulch that is taken away and to ensure that each community participant understands the conditions of the community mulch giveaway information sheet. A suggested template to record this information is attached as Appendix 5.


www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/waste/ex08mulch.pdf


Appendix 4: Community mulch giveaway information sheet

The following community mulch giveaway information sheet must be populated with site specific information.


Community Mulch Giveaway Information Sheet

Details of Mulch Supply

Site Occupier <insert name of contractor / alliance etc>

Project Name <insert project name>

Location <insert location of mulch stockpile>

Mulch stockpile access directions

<insert adequate directions for community members to find the stockpile location>

Background

• This information sheet supports the non-commercial giveaway of mulch for local residents.

• The product is raw vegetation mulch from <insert project location / name>.

Conditions

• Any one individual may only take a maximum of 5 trailer loads from this project.

• The mulch may only be used for residential landscaping purposes.

• Mulch must not be placed in or immediately adjacent to waterways.

• The raw mulch can only be applied to land for the purposes of filtration or as a soil amendment material or used either singularly or in any combination as input material(s) to a composting process.

• The consumer must apply the raw mulch to land within a reasonable period of time.

Community Safety Requirements

• <add in any safety requirements or mitigation measures from the SWMS that apply to the community>





Appendix 5: Records template for community mulch giveaway

The records in the following suggested template must be kept as a minimum.


Community Mulch Giveaway Record Sheet

Date Car Registration

I have read and understand the ‘Community Mulch

Giveaway Information Sheet’ Name Signature

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes

� Yes