Time Packaging and Recreation - Who is a Tourist?

• Discussion of time packages - leaving off with vacation time - implication that greater time can be spent travelling

• Therefore the introduction of tourism and the tourist - a subset of recreation (a specific type of activity)

• Definition of a Tourist?

Lawson and Baud-BoveyTypology of Recreationists and Tourists

1 DAILY RECREATION– Close to home for short periods of travel– No significant travel - expect high frequency

2 ONE DAY EXCURSIONS– Close to home - no overnight stay– evident travel component

Lawson and Baud-BoveyTypology of Recreationists and Tourists

3 WEEKENDERS– Holidays away from home but frequent/close– cottagers?

4 VACATIONS– Holidays far from home– Significant travel - infrequent and longer

duration

Lawson and Baud-BoveyTypology of Recreationists and Tourists

• The first two types could be classified as recreationists

• The second two as tourists (note the ease of finding exceptions)

• Emphasis on DURATION, FREQUENCY, DISTANCE

TOURISM

• Tourism is a ‘style’ of recreation

• Characterized by

– a travel component

– a temporary relocation of residence

Type of Trip&

Positive and Negative Aspects

• Positive aspect refers to adding ‘utility’ to the trip

• Negative aspect refers to the addition of costs or constraints of the trip

• Vacation as example. Slightly positive flat line until near the end when it turns negative

• Each individual has an optimum distance - linked to the type of transport

– if this is exceeded then the extra is seen as quite negative

– interesting problem when ‘groups’ (family, friends, associations) travel together

• Say planning for a coach tour

Vacation Trip

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BreakEven

• Optimum (maximum) vacation site where lines cross

• Return journey - still positive but lower (probably less stops on way home)

Day Trip

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• Note links to Boltzman Curve - short moves - effort is high for return value

• Comfort zone for day trips above line• Note lower return - urge to get home

Work Trip

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• Entire journey is negative. • Outbound increasingly more negative • Inbound quick escalation and then flatter

closer to home

Implications

• A theoretical structure that depends on these theories would produce specific location zones for time oriented facilities

• A link between distance and supply

Zones Associated with TravelGreer and Wall 1979

Complications

• Picture is clouded as the more distance one covers (say by driving) the more area covered and theoretically the more facilities available

• Therefore distance (constraint?) interacts with supply

Results

• A ‘cone of visitation’ is produced that depends on:1 Nature of the Activity 2 Sensitivity of the activity to distance (link to

participants)

* THERE IS NO SIMPLE DISTANCE DECAY FUNCTION

CONCLUSIONS

• Demand is a function of Distance Decay

• Supply is a function of available space

– Cost of Land (may be extensive - golf)

– Specialized sites availability (fishing, downhill skiing)

– Attractive space (resorts)

LEISURE AND RECREATION

• Release away from work

• State of Mind

• Impact on fairly high % of Canadians

Complications

• Problems of time and its structure– individual increases– growing population– changes in ‘packaging’– additional pressures on ‘free’ time

• Problems of measuring ‘State of Mind”

Additional Concerns & Complications

• Current Data Base

– Most data sets are for recreation, not leisure

– Concentration on activity

– Plethora of private involvement - with very small operations

• Best estimates are that there are about 100,000 100,000 separate tourism related businesses in Canada

• Most employ under 25 individuals under 25 individuals

• Most are separate and competitive rather than co-operative

• Therefore - not organized and no over-all data base