J.37

2011 J.37 1/20 Page 1 of 20

PRE-JUNIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2011

SCIENCE – HIGHER LEVEL

TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS 1. Write your name, school name and teacher’s name in the boxes provided on

this page. 2. Answer all questions. 3. Answer the questions in the spaces provided in this booklet. If you require

extra space, there are blank pages provided at the back of this booklet.

For examiner use only Section/Question Mark

Biology Q.1 (52) Q.2 (39) Q.3 (39)

Chemistry Q.4 (52) Q.5 (39) Q.6 (39)

Physics Q.7 (52) Q.8 (39) Q.9 (39)

Total (Paper) (390) Bonus for Irish

Grade Grand Total Paper (390)

Student Name

School Name

Teacher’s Name

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Biology Question 1 (52) (a) The image shown was produced using a scanning

electron microscope. It shows a virus. Name two common illnesses caused by viruses.

One __________________________________

Two _________________________________ (b) The diagram shows a plant cell. (i) Name the structures found inside part A which

control inheritable characteristics in plants.

Name _____________________________ (ii) Why is a thin section of onion tissue used

to view cell structures using a microscope?

Why? _____________________________

__________________________________ (c) Name two waste products that are excreted by the lungs.

One ____________________________________________________________

Two ___________________________________________________________ (d) The diagram shows the structure of a

human eye. (i) What is the function of the iris?

What? _____________________________ (ii) What is the function of the structures

labelled B?

What? _______________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

A

B

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(e) The image shown is an X-ray of a shoulder joint. Name the bones labelled A and B.

A ____________________________________

B ____________________________________ (f) (i) What is the name of the liquid component of the blood?

What? _______________________________________________________ (ii) Give one function of this component of the blood.

Give ________________________________________________________ (g) (i) Are frogs vertebrates or invertebrates?

Are? ______________________________ (ii) Give one adaptation that frogs have to help

them survive in their environment.

Give ______________________________ (h) The diagram shows two broad bean seeds used in an investigation into geotropism.

Seed A Seed B

(i) Complete the diagrams by drawing in the results observed in the investigation. (ii) What benefit does the germinating seed get from this response to gravity?

What? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (7 × 6 + 1 × 10)

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

A

B

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Question 2 (39) (a) The diagram shows the male reproductive system. (i) Name the tube labelled A. (3)

Name _____________________________ (ii) Give the function of the gland

labelled B. (3)

Give ______________________________ (iii) Name the part labelled C. (3)

Name _____________________________ (iv) Name a substance produced by the part labelled C. (3)

Name _____________________________ (b) The diagram shows the human upper and lower arm. (9) Using the correct names for the muscles labelled A and B describe how they

function when lifting a weight towards the chest.

Describe ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

BA

C

A

B

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(c) The diagram shows the reproductive structures of a typical flowering plant.

(i) Mark clearly on the diagram, using an arrow and the label G, where

pollen grains are produced. (3) (ii) Mark clearly on the diagram, using an arrow and the label P, where

the pollen tube develops after pollination occurs. (3) (iii) Mark clearly on the diagram, using an arrow and the label F, where

fertilisation of a female gamete occurs. (3) (iv) The flower shown above is involved in sexual reproduction. Name a plant that can carry out asexual reproduction and

describe how it reproduces asexually. (9)

Name _______________________________________________________

How ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

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Question 3 (39) (a) A pupil carried out an investigation into the fitness of two adults by measuring

the time taken for their heart rate, in beats per minute (b.p.m.), to return to normal after a period of moderate exercise.

The data was recorded and is given in the table.

Time (seconds) 0 15 30 45 60 75 90

Adult A heart rate (b.p.m.) 140 120 100 90 70 70 70

Adult B heart rate (b.p.m.) 140 130 120 110 100 90 70 (i) Draw a graph for adult A and adult B of heart rate (b.p.m.) against time

(seconds) in the grid below. (6)

(ii) Use your graph to estimate the heart rate of adult A after 35 seconds. (3)

Estimate _____________________________________________________ (iii) Which adult is fitter? Give a reason for your answer. (6)

Which? ______________________________________________________

Reason ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (iv) Name two ways, other than regular exercise, to avoid heart disease. (6)

One ________________________________________________________

Two ________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

Time (seconds)

Heart rate(b.p.m.)

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

0 15 45 60 75 9030

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(b) The apparatus shown in the diagram was used to investigate the movement of water in a plant.

(i) What happens to the level of red ink after a few days? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (ii) What is observed in the plant after a few days? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (iii) Name the process that causes the results in (i) and (ii). (3)

Name _______________________________________________________ (iv) What is the purpose of the oil layer in the conical flask? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (v) Name the openings on the leaves of plants through which most

water is lost. (3)

Name _______________________________________________________ (vi) Give the function of phloem tissue in plants. (3)

Give ________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

Cotton wool

Layer of oil

Red ink

2011 J.37 8/20 Page 8 of 20

Chemistry Question 4 (52) (a) The photograph shows a house with PVC

windows and doors.

(i) From what raw material are plastics made?

What? _____________________________

(ii) Give one property of PVC that makes it suitable for use in windows and doors.

Give ______________________________

(b) Fossil fuels are burned to provide energy.

(i) Give the name or formula of a compound of sulfur formed when a sulfur-containing fossil fuel burns in air.

Name or formula ____________________

(ii) Name the acid formed when this sulfur compound dissolves in and reacts with water in the atmosphere.

Name _____________________________

(c) Define the term isotope.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

(d) A pupil investigated rusting using the apparatus shown. When the iron reacted with oxygen in the test tube and water from the beaker, a new compound was formed. Name this compound.

Name ________________________________

This compound turned blue when universal indicator was added. What conclusion can be drawn from this?

What? __________________________________________________________

For examiner use only

(1) (2)

Dampiron wool

Water

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(e) What two products result from the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid?

One ____________________________________________________________

Two ___________________________________________________________

(f) The diagram shows a pupil heating a substance in the laboratory.

(i) Give one safety precaution taken by the pupil shown in the diagram.

Give ______________________________

(ii) Name one other safety precaution that a pupil would take while heating substances in the laboratory.

Name _____________________________

(g) The following metals were reacted with dilute acid: copper, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The reactivity of each metal was noted.

List these metals in order of increasing reactivity (least reactive first).

List ____________________________________________________________

(h) The apparatus shown in the diagram was used to produce a sample of oxygen gas in order to investigate its chemical properties.

(i) Identify liquid A and solid B.

Liquid A __________________________

Solid B ____________________________

(ii) The sample of oxygen gas collected had no reaction with either red or blue litmus paper. What conclusion can be drawn about oxygen gas from this result?

What? _______________________________________________________ (7 × 6 + 1 × 10)

For examiner use only

(1) (2)

Liquid A

Oxygen gas

Solid B

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Question 5 (39) (a) The apparatus shown is used in the titration of an acid with a base. (i) Give the name of a suitable acid used in the titration. (3)

Give ________________________________________________________ (ii) Write the formula of a suitable base used in the titration. (3)

Write _______________________________________________________ (iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between the acid and base. (6)

Write _______________________________________________________ (b) Draw a labelled diagram, in the box, showing the apparatus you used to

show that water contains dissolved solids. (9)

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

Acid

Base

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(c) The following experiment was set up to investigate whether a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) could conduct electricity.

(i) What was the function of the part labelled A? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (ii) What happened to part A when tested with the sodium chloride? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (iii) What type of bonding is present in sodium chloride? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (iv) In the box provided below show, using dot or cross diagrams, the

type of bonding present in a molecule of sodium chloride. (9)

For Examiner use only

(1) (2) ABattery

Electrodes

NaCl anddistilled water

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Question 6 (39) (a) Four coloured water-soluble inks, labelled A to D, were set up as

shown in the diagram below. (i) Name this separation technique. (3)

Name _______________________________________________________ (ii) Which water-soluble ink consists of a single-colour dye?

Give a reason for your answer. (6)

Which? ______________________________________________________

Reason ______________________________________________________ (iii) What could you conclude on comparing the results of inks C and D?

Explain your answer. (6)

What? _______________________________________________________

Explain ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (b) A pupil carried out an investigation to compare the properties of a mixture

of the elements iron and sulfur and the compound iron sulfide. Explain the underlined terms. (12)

Element ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Compound ______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

A B C DWater

Line ofink spots

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(c) The apparatus shown below was used to prepare and collect a sample of carbon dioxide gas in order to investigate its chemical and physical properties.

(i) Name a suitable acid A that could be used in this experiment. (3)

Name _______________________________________________________ (ii) Write the chemical formula of the substance labelled B used to

prepare the sample of carbon dioxide gas. (3)

Write _______________________________________________________ (iii) Explain why the downward-pointing delivery tube labelled C is suitable

for the collection of the sample of carbon dioxide. (6)

Explain ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

B

A

C

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Physics Question 7 (52) (a) Friction is an example of a force. (i) Name one other force.

Name _____________________________ (ii) Give one way to reduce the effect of friction.

Give ______________________________ (b) Ice floats on water but sinks in alcohol. Use this information to compare the density of ice with

(i) the density of water; (ii) the density of alcohol.

(i) __________________________________

(ii) __________________________________ (c) State the law of the lever.

State ___________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________ (d) (i) What is the function of a circuit breaker?

What? _____________________________

__________________________________ (ii) What is the difference between a circuit breaker

and a fuse?

What? _____________________________

__________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

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(e) Give two differences between mass and weight.

One ____________________________________________________________

Two ___________________________________________________________ (f) The diagram shows a ball and ring apparatus.

When the ball and ring are both cold the ball just passes through the ring.

How would you use this apparatus to show (i) the expansion of a solid on heating; (ii) the contraction of a solid on cooling?

(i) ___________________________________

______________________________________

(ii) ___________________________________

______________________________________ (g) Give one application of the magnetic effect and one application of the

chemical effect of an electric current.

Magnetic _______________________________________________________

Chemical _______________________________________________________ (h) The diagram shows the graph a pupil obtained

when investigating Hooke’s Law with a metallic spiral spring.

(i) State Hooke’s Law.

__________________________________

__________________________________ (ii) Explain the results the pupil recorded

between points A and B shown on the graph.

Explain ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (7 × 6 + 1 × 10)

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

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Question 8 (39) (a) A pupil used the apparatus shown in the diagram below to investigate the

effect of depth on the pressure in a liquid.

(i) What did the pupil observe on the screen of the data logger (pay

attention to the screen display in the diagram above) as the thistle funnel was pushed deeper into the water? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (ii) What conclusion can be drawn by the pupil regarding the relationship

between pressure and depth in a liquid? (6)

What? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (iii) The Three Gorges is a hydroelectricity generating dam on the Yangtze

river in China. How do engineers design the shape of dams to account for the relationship between depth of water and pressure? Use your knowledge of pressure to explain your answer. (6)

How? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Explain ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

Delivery tubing

PRESSURESENSOR

... Pascals

DATA LOGGER

Graduated cylinder

Thistle funnel

Water

Displayscreen

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(b) A pupil used the apparatus shown in the diagram to investigate the transfer of heat by convection currents in air. The candle was lit and a short time was allowed to pass before the taper was lit and then extinguished to produce smoke.

(i) What is observed at the candle and chimney? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (ii) Explain your observation of what happens at the candle and chimney. (3)

Explain ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (iii) Describe the movement of smoke from the smoking taper. (3)

Describe _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (iv) Explain your observation of what happens at the smoking taper. (3)

Explain ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (c) (i) Name two energy conversions that

take place in the light bulb when it is switched on. (6)

One ______________________________

Two ______________________________ (ii) Explain why a 100 watt bulb gives off more light than a 40 watt bulb. (6)

Explain ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2) Smoking taper

Smoke boxwith glass front

Chimney

Candle

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Question 9 (39) (a) The circuit shown was used to investigate the resistance of an LDR when

exposed to light of varying brightness. (i) Complete the circuit showing where you would place an ohmmeter to

measure the resistance in the LDR. (3) (ii) What happens to the LED in the circuit when the LDR is covered in

black plastic? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (iii) What happens to the LED in the circuit when the LDR is exposed to

bright light? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (iv) Give an everyday use for an LDR. (3)

Give ________________________________________________________ (b) Bulbs in electrical circuits can be connected in parallel or in series. (i) When one headlight in a car fails (blows),

the second headlight stays lighting. How are the bulbs connected? (6)

How? _____________________________ Give a reason why the bulbs are connected in this way.

Give ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

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(ii) All of the bulbs on a set of Christmas lights go out when one bulb fails (blows).

How are the bulbs connected? (6)

How? _____________________________ Explain why the all the bulbs go out when

one bulb fails (blows).

Why? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (iii) What colour wire should be connected to the live terminal

of a household plug? (3)

What? _______________________________________________________ (c) The apparatus shown was used to investigate

if sound needs a medium in which to travel. (i) There is an open tube labelled X at the

bottom of the apparatus. What piece of equipment is this opening usually attached to? (3)

What? _____________________________ (ii) During the investigation the hammer of the bell can be seen moving yet

no sound is heard from the bell. Why is it important that the hammer is observed moving? (3)

Why? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (iii) Give one reason why you might still be able to hear a faint ringing of the

bell during this experiment. (3)

Give ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (iv) When a pupil was a certain distance from a high cliff she shouted loudly.

After 3.5 seconds she heard her echo. How far was she from the cliff? (Speed of sound = 340 m/s.) (3)

How far? ____________________________________________________

For Examiner use only

(1) (2)

Hammer

X

BatteryElasticbands

Bell

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EXTRA WORK SPACE Indicate clearly the number and part of the question(s) that you are answering.

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For Examiner use only

(1) (2)