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BELLE
HOT TOPICS FROM BELLE
Tim GershonIPNS, KEK
October 4, 2004
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Belle Collaboration
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Belle Detector
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Inner Detector Upgrade - Summer 2003
Number of silicon DSSDs3 layers → 4 layers
Radius of beam piper = 2.0 cm → r = 1.5 cm
Radiation hardness1 MRad → > 20 MRad
Laboratory polar angle coverage23◦ < θ < 139◦ → 17◦ < θ < 150◦
More details in K. Trabelsi’s talk
IMPROVED RESOLUTION!
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE KEK
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Integrated Luminosity
• Approaching 300 fb−1 accumulated
• Best day: > 1 fb−1 delivered
• Results presented today use 253 fb−1 on Υ(4S)∼≡ 275 × 106 BB̄ pairs
CONTINUOUS INJECTION
∼ 30% more recordedluminosity
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Some Hot Topics from Belle in 2004
• First studies of AFB in B → K∗l+l−
See talk by Y.J. Kwon
• Observation of CP violation & Evidence for direct CP violation in B → π+π−
See talk by A. Bevan
• Evidence for direct CP violation in B → K+π−
See talk by G. Graziani
• Observation of B → π0π0 and evidence for B → ρ0π0
See above talks
• Further studies of X(3872) . . . and other weird new particles See talk by S.K. Choi
• Time-Dependent CP Violation in b→ s penguin transitions? new results on B → KSKSKS & B → KSπ
0γ
See talk by M. Hazumi
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE CKM Phenomenology
VCKM =
Vud Vus VubVcd Vcs VcbVtd Vts Vtb
∼
1 − λ2/2 λ Aλ3(ρ− iη)
−λ 1 − λ2/2 Aλ2
Aλ3(1 − ρ− iη) −Aλ2 1
where A, λ, ρ, η are Wolfenstein parameters
From unitarity (V ∗CKMVCKM = 1):
VudV∗ub + VcdV
∗cb + VtdV
∗tb = 0
The Unitarity Triangle
φ1 ↔ β
φ2 ↔ α
φ3 ↔ γ
(0,0) (1,0)
(ρ,η)
φ1
φ2φ3
VudVub*
VcdVcb*
VtdVtb*
VcdVcb*
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE The Alphabet
With apologies to Z. Ligeti
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE φ3 from B → DK
• Can access φ3 via interference between B− → D0K− & B− → D̄0K−
• Reconstruct D in final states accessible to both D0 and D̄0
eg. DCPK− (Gronau, London, Wyler method)
• Can use multibody final states, eg. KSπ+π− (first noted by Atwood, Dunietz, Soni)
B− → D0K− ∼ VusV ∗cb B− → D̄0K− ∼ VcsV ∗
ubs
b
u
c
uW
u u
u
c
s
b
u
W
COLOUR ALLOWED COLOUR SUPPRESSED
K−)
D0K
−)
0
φφ
δ
δ3
3
(B−
DCP2A
(B−
(B−
D K−)
A
AA — amplituder = ASUPPRESSED/AFAVOURED ∼ 0.1 − 0.2
δ — strong phase difference
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Principle of the Multi-Body Analysis
A. Giri, Y. Grossman, A. Soffer & J. Zupan, PRD 68, 054018 (2003)A. Poluektov et al. (Belle Collaboration), hep-ex/0406067, to appear in PRD.
• Consider D̄0 → KSπ+π−
→ define amplitude at each Dalitz plot point as f(m2+,m
2−)
where m+ = mKSπ+, m− = mKSπ
−
• Consider D0 → KSπ+π−
→ amplitude at each Dalitz plot point is f(m2−,m
2+)
•∣
∣
∣f(m2+,m
2−)
∣
∣
∣ can be measured using flavour tagged D mesons
• Consider B+ →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK+
→ amplitude is f(m2+,m
2−) + rei(δ+φ3)f(m2
−,m2+)
• Consider B− →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK−
→ amplitude is f(m2−,m
2+) + rei(δ−φ3)f(m2
+,m2−)
• Can extract (r, δ, φ3) from B+ & B− data
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Illustration Using Monte Carlo
Generated 50,000 decays with r = 0.125, δ = 0, φ3 = 70◦
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3M
2
Ksπ−, GeV
2
1
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3M
2
Ksπ−, GeV
2
2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3M2
Ksπ+, GeV2
3
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3M2
Ksπ+, GeV2
4
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE First Results from Belle
A. Poluektov et al. (Belle Collaboration), hep-ex/0406067, to appear in PRD.
Using B± → DK± and B± → D∗K± (D∗ → Dπ0)
φ3 = 77◦ +17◦
−19◦ (stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Re(reiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+→D0K+
B-→D0K-
B→D0π
(a)
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6Re(reiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B-→D*0K-
B+→D*0K+
B→D*0π
(b)
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE New Results from BaBar at ICHEP2004
211 × 106BB̄ pairsB. Aubert et al. (BaBar Collaboration), BaBar-CONF-04/043, hep-ex/0408088.
Using B± → DK±, B± → D∗K± (D∗ → Dπ0) and B± → D∗K± (D∗ → Dγ)
φ3 = 88◦ ± 41◦(stat) ± 19◦(syst) ± 11◦ (model)
B± →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK± B± →
((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗K± B± →
((
KSπ+π−
)
Dγ)
D∗K±
)2
(GeV/cESm5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28
)2E
ven
ts /
( 0.
0022
5 G
eV/c
0
50
100
)2
(GeV/cESm5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28
)2E
ven
ts /
( 0.
0022
5 G
eV/c
0
50
100
BABARpreliminary
)2
(GeV/cESm5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28
)2E
ven
ts /
( 0.
0022
5 G
eV/c
0
10
20
30
40
)2
(GeV/cESm5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28
)2E
ven
ts /
( 0.
0022
5 G
eV/c
0
10
20
30
40 BABARpreliminary
)2
(GeV/cESm5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28
)2E
ven
ts /
( 0.
0022
5 G
eV/c
0
10
20
30
)2
(GeV/cESm5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28
)2E
ven
ts /
( 0.
0022
5 G
eV/c
0
10
20
30 BABARpreliminary
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE A Comment on the Use of D∗ → Dπ0 and D∗ → Dγ
A. Bondar and T. G., hep-ph/0409281, submitted to PRD(R)
• There is an effective strong phase shift of π between the casesthat D∗ is reconstructed as D∗ → Dπ0 and D∗ → Dγ
• Arises due to CP conservation in the D∗ decay
• In the Dalitz analysis,B± →
((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗K± & B± →
((
KSπ+π−
)
Dγ
)
D∗K±
should be fitted separately (or fix the shift in δ)
• Major ramifications for ADS techniqueB± → D∗K±, D∗ → Dπ0 or D∗ → Dγ, D → K∓π±
can extract φ3 (4 ambiguities) & r using B± → D∗K± alone!
• In Belle analysis, so far we use only D∗ → Dπ0
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE New Today : Updated Results from Belle
HOT
• Using full data sample : 275 × 106 BB̄ pairs
• Fine tuning of D decay model
• Improved background descriptions
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE B± → D(∗)K± Selection
B± → DK±
0
20
40
60
80
100
-0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E (GeV)
En
trie
s/10
MeV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3Mbc (GeV/c2)
En
trie
s/2
MeV
276 candidate events (209 ± 16 signal)
B± → D∗K±
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
-0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E (GeV)
En
trie
s/10
MeV
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3Mbc (GeV/c2)
En
trie
s/2
MeV
69 candidate events (58 ± 8 signal)Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE B± →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK± Dalitz Plot Distributions
M+ = f(m2+,m
2−) + rei(δ+φ3)f(m2
−,m2+)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
+ (GeV2/c4)
m2 - (
GeV
2 /c4 )
M− = f(m2−,m
2+) + rei(δ−φ3)f(m2
+,m2−)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
- (GeV2/c4)m
2 + (G
eV2 /c
4 )
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE B± →((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗0K± Dalitz Plot Distributions
M+ = f(m2+,m
2−) + rei(δ+φ3)f(m2
−,m2+)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
+ (GeV2/c4)
m2 - (
GeV
2 /c4 )
M− = f(m2−,m
2+) + rei(δ−φ3)f(m2
+,m2−)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
- (GeV2/c4)m
2 + (G
eV2 /c
4 )
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Extraction of f(m2+,m
2−)
• Fit Dalitz plot distribution of tagged D mesons from e+e− continuum
• Tag using charge of πs in D∗+ → D0π+s
• Used model defines phase variation of f(m2+,m
2−)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3M2 Ksπ- (GeV2/c4)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3M2 π+π- (GeV2/c4)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3M2 Ksπ+ (GeV2/c4)
χ2/ndf = 2.30
(ndf = 1106)
Fine tuning of model little effect on φ3
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Measurement of f(m2+,m
2−) - Results
Resonance Amplitude Phase (◦) FractionKSσ1 1.57 ± 0.10 214 ± 4 9.8%
BW → GS → KSρ0 1.0 (fixed) 0 (fixed) 21.6%
KSω 0.0310 ± 0.0010 113.4 ± 1.9 0.4%KSf0(980) 0.394 ± 0.006 207 ± 3 4.9%KSσ2 0.23 ± 0.03 210 ± 13 0.6%KSf2(1270) 1.32 ± 0.04 348 ± 2 1.5%
UPDATED → KSf0(1370) 1.25 ± 0.10 69 ± 8 1.1%NEW; GS → KSρ
0(1450) 0.89 ± 0.07 1 ± 6 0.4%K∗(892)+π− 1.621 ± 0.010 131.7 ± 0.5 61.2%K∗(892)−π+ 0.154 ± 0.005 317.7 ± 1.6 0.55%
NEW → K∗(1410)+π− 0.22 ± 0.04 120 ± 14 0.05%NEW → K∗(1410)−π+ 0.35 ± 0.04 253 ± 6 0.14%
K∗0(1430)
+π− 2.15 ± 0.04 348.7 ± 1.1 7.4%K∗
0(1430)−π+ 0.52 ± 0.04 89 ± 4 0.43%
K∗2(1430)
+π− 1.11 ± 0.03 320.5 ± 1.8 2.2%K∗
2(1430)−π+ 0.23 ± 0.02 263 ± 7 0.09%
K∗(1680)+π− 2.34 ± 0.26 110 ± 5 0.36%K∗(1680)−π+ 1.3 ± 0.2 87 ± 11 0.11%nonresonant 3.8 ± 0.3 157 ± 4 9.7%
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Test Samples
Fit B, B̄ samples separately, float r±eiθ±, where θ± = δ ± φ3
B± →(
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ±
(r ∼ 0.01)
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
-0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15Re(r eiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+
B-
3425 events
r− = 0.047 ± 0.018
θ− = 193◦ ± 24◦
r+ = 0.039 ± 0.021
θ− = 240◦ ± 28◦
B± →((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗π±
(r ∼ 0.01)
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3Re(r eiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+
B-
641 events
r− = 0.086 ± 0.049
θ− = 280◦ ± 30◦
r+ = 0.015 ± 0.042
θ− = 170◦ ± 186◦
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Fits to Extract φ3
Fit B± samples separately, float rei(δ±φ3)
B± →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK±
276 candidate events (209 ± 16 signal)
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Re(r eiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+→DK+
B-→DK-
B± →((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗K±
69 candidate events (58 ± 8 signal)
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6Re(r eiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B-→D*K-
B+→D*K+
PRELIMINARY Results from simultaneous fits (B+ & B−) (Errors from likelihood curves)
? r = 0.247 ± 0.071? φ3 = 63.7◦ ± 15.2◦
? δ = 156.6◦ ± 15.6◦
? r = 0.254 ± 0.116? φ3 = 74.9◦ ± 25.2◦
? δ = 321.3◦ ± 25.0◦
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Systematic Errors
B± → DK± B± → D∗K±
Source ∆r ∆φ3 ∆δ ∆r ∆φ3 ∆δBackground shape 0.027 5.7◦ 4.1◦ 0.014 3.1◦ 5.3◦
Background fraction 0.006 0.2◦ 1.0◦ 0.005 0.7◦ 1.4◦
Efficiency shape 0.012 4.9◦ 2.4◦ 0.002 3.5◦ 1.0◦
Momentum resolution 0.002 0.3◦ 0.3◦ 0.002 1.7◦ 1.4◦
Control sample bias 0.004 10.2◦ 10.2◦ 0.004 9.9◦ 9.9◦
Total 0.030 12.7◦ 11.3◦ 0.016 11.1◦ 11.4◦
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Model Uncertainty
f(m2+,m
2−) =
∣
∣
∣f(m2+,m
2−)
∣
∣
∣ eiφ(m2
+,m2−)
• Fit to flavour tagged D sample measures∣
∣
∣f(m2+,m
2−)
∣
∣
∣
BUT φ(m2+,m
2−) model-dependent
• Estimate model uncertainty by varying model
Fit model (∆r)max (∆φ3)max (∆δ)max
Meson formfactors Fr = FD = 1 0.01 3.1◦ 3.3◦
Constant BW width Γ(q2) 0.02 4.7◦ 9.0◦
Only K∗, ρ, ω, f0 non-resonant 0.03 9.9◦ 18.2◦
Total 0.04 11◦ 21◦
• Consider CP -tagged D mesons decaying to KSπ+π−
→ amplitude is f(m2+,m
2−) ± f(m2
−,m2+)
• FUTURE: use CP tagged D mesons from cτ factory (ψ′′ → DD̄)↪→ measure φ(m2
+,m2−) ⇒ remove model uncertainty
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Extraction of φ3: B± →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK±
Avoid using fit likelihood errors → use frequentist approach to obtain confidence regions
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
20%
74%
97%
φ3 (deg)
r
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
20%
74%
97%
φ3 (deg)
δ (d
eg)
B± →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK±: PRELIMINARY
φ3 = 64◦ ± 19◦(stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)r = 0.21 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.03(syst) ± 0.04(model)δ = 157◦ ± 19◦(stat) ± 11◦(syst) ± 21◦(model)
r > 0 @ 99.3% CLCPV @ 94% CL
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Extraction of φ3: B± →((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗K±
Avoid using fit likelihood errors → use frequentist approach to obtain confidence regions
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
20%
74%
97%
φ3 (deg)
r
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
20%
20%
φ3 (deg)
δ (d
eg)
B± →((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗K±: PRELIMINARY
φ3 = 75◦ ± 57◦(stat) ± 11◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
r = 0.12+0.16−0.11(stat) ± 0.02(syst) ± 0.04(model)
δ = 321◦ ± 57◦(stat) ± 11◦(syst) ± 21◦(model)
r > 0 @ 56% CLCPV @ 38% CL
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Extraction of φ3: Combined Modes
Use frequentist approach with Feldman-Cousins ordering to obtain confidence regions
φ3 = 68◦ +14◦
−15◦ (stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
r(B± → DK±) = 0.21 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.03(syst) ± 0.04(model)
CPV @ 98% CL
Two standard deviation interval including systematic and model uncertainties:22◦ < φ3 < 113◦
Compare to previous results:
Belle (152 × 106BB̄) BaBar (211 × 106BB̄)φ3 = 77◦ +17◦
−19◦ (stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model) φ3 = 88◦ ± 41◦(stat) ± 19◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
NB statistical error depends on value of r
r(B± → DK±) = 0.26 +0.10−0.14 ± 0.03 ± 0.04 r(B± → DK±) < 0.18
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Slight Digression on r
Various analyses in the B± → D(∗)K± system provide information about rNaive expectation: r ∼ 0.1 − 0.2
r(B± → DK±)
Dalitz ADSB± →
(
KSπ+π−
)
DK± B± →
(
K∓π±)
DK±
Belle r = 0.21 ± 0.08 ± 0.03 ± 0.04 (∗) r < 0.28
BaBar r < 0.18 r < 0.23
(∗) r > 0 @ 99.3% CL (stat)
r(B± → D∗K±)
Dalitz ADSB± →
(
( )D π0)
D∗K± B± → (( )D γ)D∗ K± B± →
(
( )D π0)
D∗K± B± → (( )D γ)D∗ K±
Belle r = 0.12+0.16−0.11 ± 0.02 ± 0.04
BaBar r < 0.24 r < 0.21
hep-ph/0409281 possible bias r < 0.13
No serious disagreement with current statistical precision
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Summary
• Many hot topics from Belle . . . I have discussed only one
• Most precise measurement of φ3
φ3 = 68◦ +14◦
−15◦ (stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
• Hint of CP violation at 98% CL
• Two standard deviation interval: 22◦ < φ3 < 113◦
• More new results from Belle still to come in this conference!
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Back-Up Slides
BACK UP
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Comparison of SVD1 data and SVD2 data
Comparison for B± → DK±
SVD1: 152 × 106BB̄ pairs
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Re(r eiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+->D0K+
B-->D0K-
SVD2: 123 × 106BB̄ pairs
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Re(r eiθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+→DK+
B-→DK-
(Errors from likelihood curves)
? r = 0.31 ± 0.11? φ3 = 86◦ ± 17◦
? δ = 168◦ ± 17◦
? r = 0.32 ± 0.10? φ3 = 51◦ ± 18◦
? δ = 158◦ ± 18◦
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Dependence of φ3 Error on r
Nice picture from BaBar!
Br0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
) de
gree
γ(σ
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
BABARpreliminary
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004
BELLE Background Treatment
We consider the following sources of background, for B± → DK± :
? Random combinations & real D plus random kaon 21%background level from ∆E distributionstudy Dalitz distribution using data with reversed continuum suppression
∗ BB̄ events 2.3%study using generic Monte Carlo
∗ B± → DK± with misreconstructed D 0.3%study with signal Monte Carlo
∗ B± → DK± with misreconstructed K < 0.4% @ 95% CLstudy with signal Monte Carlo
∗ B± → Dπ± 0.9%background level from ∆E distributionDalitz shape is known
Tim Gershon FPCP 2004 October 4, 2004