TIAS STUDY TOUR – Positive Legacy in TOHOKU Disaster-affected Areas via

Olympic-Paralympic Education –

Table of Contents Introduction : 2 Background : 2

Part I. A Report on the 2019 Study Tour : 2-8 Part II. Students’ Reports for the 2019’s Tour : 8- 16 Appendices: Media Perspectives about the Study Tour : 17

INTRODUCTION The TIAS Study Tour to the TOHOKU region was initiated in June 2016, with the 1

st batch students. The

TIAS students have visited the TOHOKU areas which were affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake (hereafter ‘GEJE’) in 2011. The program was created upon the request of University of Tsukuba alumni, currently a local high-school teacher in Rikuzentakata city, and who asked TIAS to implement

Olympic/Paralympic education for his school students. The 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games (or the Tokyo 2020 Games) are also (‘less’) known as the “Recovery Olympic and Paralympic Games” from the perspective of the GEJE. Thus, it was decided to conduct a study tour not only keeping in mind

the Tokyo 2020 legacy but also as a great opportunity for the TIAS students to learn about the current status of the “Recovery Olympics/Paralympics” in the local context. The purpose of the tour was “thinking

about contribution to GEJE’s reconstruction through the Olympics/Paralympics and Sports”. TIAS students have implemented Olympic/Paralympic education (also learnt as part of their course work

in the TIAS Master’s degree program; http://tias.tsukuba.ac.jp/) in the local high school. They also participated in the local tour with an English guide and met residents of the Rikuzentakata city (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikuzentakata,_Iwate) in Iwate Prefecture and Iitate village

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iitate,_Fukushima) in Fukushima Prefecture. The tour has been set as one of the TIAS annual plans and conducted once a year since 2016. By 2019, a total of 41 TIAS students have participated in the study tour. In this report, we will summarize the details of the 2019 study tour, and also

inform the readers of the students impressions, who participated in that year.

In the study tour, TIAS students have listened to stories of those who are still suffering from the memories of the GEJE, and those who have continued to live in temporary housings. More than eight years have passed, and the students were able to meet residents who are yet to reconstruct their lives. However, the

students saw their resilience, and how they (residents, people affected by the GEJE) are moving forward and staying strong even if they lost their land, home and family in 2011. Through implementing the Olympic/Paralympic education program in the local school, they were also able to meet the school students

with smiles on their faces. Through the study tour, the TIAS students have gained a sense of realization and knowledge about Sports and Olympics as a “contribution tool for society”. TIAS has been stablished in

order to develop the next generation of leaders in the world of sport. A balanced sense based on those experiences and knowledge would be a positive legacy that will contribute to the better world when they become leaders in the global sports field in the future.

The 2020, 5

th Batch-TIAS Study Tour has been scheduled at the end of March, and will continue the legacy

towards the Tokyo 2020 Games.

BACKGROUND

Part I. A Report on the 2019 Study Tour This report was published in the Journal – Sport and Olympic-Paralympic Studies Journal (SOPSJ) in 2019 (Takahashi and Rakwal, 2019). The below article is copied (with some modifications) with permission form the journal and society which published it : Copyright©2019 by SSOPS, all rights reserved.

Published by Society for Sport and Olympic-Paralympic Studies (SSOPS).

PERSPECTIVE

Envisioning the Tokyo 2020 Games as the “Recovery Olympics” through the TIAS Study Tour to

Iitate Village and Rikuzentakata City

ABSTRACT Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS) established in the graduate school of University

of Tsukuba as a part of the Sport for Tomorrow programme, has conducted study tours to areas affected by the 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake. Slogan of 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympic Games (hereinafter, Tokyo 2020 Games) was announced as, “The Recovery Olympic and Paralympic Games (hereinafter,

Recovery Olympics)” since the disaster and the bid process, and various activities have been carried out (TOGOC, 2019). In order for TIAS students to consider "contributing to disaster reconstruction through the Olympic and Paralympic Games and Sports", a study tour was organized to Fukushima and Iwate

prefectures, northeastern parts of Japan strongly affected by the disaster. Study tour comprised of pre-lectures, discussion forums and involved semi-structured interviews conducted with residents through

open discussion and homestays. Students also implemented Olympic Values Education Programme (hereinafter, OVEP) at the local high school. The study tour provided opportunities for students to consider aspects of social contribution to reconstruction through sports as well as reconsidering individual lives and

experiences. This personal development through learning experiences in the tour will contribute to a positive intangible legacy of the Tokyo 2020 Games.

Keywords: Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, Great East Japan Earthquake, Recovery Olympics

OVERVIEW OF THE 2019 TIAS STUDY TOUR From 29 June to 1 July 2019, nine TIAS-4th batch students visited Iitate Village in Fukushima Prefecture,

which was affected by the 2011 radioactive fallout of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and the Rikuzentakata City in Iwate prefecture, which was affected by the 2011 tsunami. The learning goals of the tour were: 1) Observe and understand the impact of the 2011’s earthquake and subsequent

tsunami and nuclear accident, and the reconstruction effort. 2) Conduct interviews with residents in the disaster areas and think about the reconstruction through the Tokyo 2020 Games. 3) Homestay with local residents and deepen understanding of their recovery process and Japanese culture. As most of the students

have never been to a disaster-affected area, some of them were afraid of the influence of radioactive contamination, lectures based on scientific evidence about the nuclear accident and tsunami’s damage were

given before the tour. Tour consisted mainly of a discussion forum, visiting, and observing-experiencing the local area with local guides, workshops, emergency cooking, and homestay and OVEP activities.

The Questionnaires-Interviews The students conducted interviews with local residents based on the following “a-e” list of questions that were created from the students’ questions. The list was translated into Japanese by a TIAS researcher and

shared with the residents who would meet the students before the tour.

a) Recovery Olympics and sports:

How do you feel about calling the Tokyo 2020 Games as “Recovery Olympics”? / How do you feel the sports’ events and torch relay of the Tokyo 2020 Games will be held in the disaster affected area? / What kind of sports do you play? Or do you want to play? / How can sports and the Olympic and Paralympic

games contribute to your reconstruction?

b) Changes and being affected by the disaster: Would you tell me about your general life before and after the 2011 disaster? / How has the disaster

affected your life? / How has the disaster affected your job? / How has the disaster affected your family’s relationship? / How has the disaster affected your relationship with neighbourhoods and community? / What kind of support have you ever received from government and local public association? / What is the

biggest challenge for you after 2011 disaster? / Would you tell me present state of the children surrounding you? / If you feel any health issues after the 2011 disaster, please tell me. / If you feel any health issues

after the 2011’s disaster, please tell me.

c) The nuclear accident (these questions were only for Iitate residents): How did the nuclear accident affect your vegetable and livestock? (i.e., farming) / How much did the

accident in 2011 affect the local agriculture? / What has been done to save the crops from the affect? / How

do you think about nuclear power? / What do you think about the response of the government after the 2011 accident? / How do you feel about re-opening of J-village?

d) Escaping from the tsunami (these questions were only for Rikuzentakata residents): Where were you when the Tsunami hit and how did you escape? / How were the immediate days following the Tsunami?

e) The present and the future: What are your present challenges? / What kind of support do you need now? / Do you have any message to

young or foreign people like us? / How do you see your future?

Importance of Japanese Students and Translators

In the tour, it was important for the students to have communication with local residents, and as Japanese language was a primary means of discussion at the local level, four Japanese graduate students who belong to the International Development and Peace through Sports (hereafter referred to as IDS) master’s degree

program in University of Tsukuba also joined the tour as translators. The TIAS and IDS students had written their perception/opinion about the following points after the tour. 1) Before and after visiting the

disaster-affected area, 2) The role of sports in the affected area, 3) What do you think of Tokyo 2020 as the “Recovery Olympics”?

STUDY TOUR 1: IITATE VILLAGE (29th

June, 2019) After visiting the new elementary and junior high school and sports facilities in Iitate Village (photo numbers 1-3, in Figure 1), a discussion forum with four guest residents was implemented while eating

regional dishes that were cooked by a local farmer (photos 4-8). The guests were a journalist from the village, a former public village servant, a resident and the farmer.

Figure 1. Iitate Village Impressions

During the forum, the students asked questions to the guests based on the above-mentioned questionnaire list. The students were divided into four groups for each guest and the guests rotated around the groups with translators every 25 minutes. Some sample answers are given below:

Answer to question “a”: “It's good that some events of the Olympics will be held in Fukushima area. It will be a positive

stimulus for children. If it is called the Recovery Olympics, Fukushima will be also well covered in the

media. It is very good because such opportunities will increase awareness of our town which is being

forgotten. But I do not think that this opportunity will have a positive impact on the local economy” (Resident A) “Now I don’t think that many local residents understand the slogan of Recovery Olympics.

We need more communication to think about how sports can contribute to recovery among us but the residents do not afford to do so” (Resident B).

Answer to question “b”:

“The saddest thing after the 2011 earthquake was that I observed visitors of city’s event stopped eating my cooked dishes when she figured out the ingredients was from my hometown. I was likely to get

frustrated many times by such things, but I have always remembered my dream with my husband who died last year, and I determined “never to give up". I will live strongly from now on” (Resident C).

Answer to question “c”:

“More than 80% of the villages are uncontaminated, which is a dangerous place especially for children to live. In fact, returnees are mainly elderly people and many young people have not returned. Many families have to continue to live separately, maybe forever” (Resident D).

Answer to question “e”: “Although there were 652 returning households in the village after the 2011 accident, there were 1,700

households before the accident, so it is far from being able to completely solve the problem of radioactive contamination, and I believe that the returnees will not increase dramatically in the future” (Resident D).

STUDY TOUR 2: RIKUZENTAKATA CITY (30th

June and 1st July, 2019)

The next part of the study tour was undertaken in Rikuzentakata City from 30th June to 1st July. On the

30th, the group visited facilities damaged by the tsunami and the “Miracle Pine” monument that is a landmark of reconstruction (photos 1 and 2, in Figure 2).

Figure 2. The Rikuzentakata City Impressions The tour guide explained that the landmark will be included in the route of the Tokyo 2020 torch relay

(Kyodo News, 2019). Students also received the information that a sport park with a baseball stadium and tennis courts is under construction. After the city tour, they moved to the Nagahora settlement where half of the houses were washed away by the 2011 tsunami, and infrastructure in other areas were cut off and the

village was temporarily isolated. They learned about the community’s rebuilding process through an emergency cooking experience and workshop (photos 3 and 4). In the emergency cooking, the students

cooked rice without gas and electricity using a Japanese traditional pot and firewood with the residents.

Some residents were around 90 years old and the students called them "my grandma" with a sense of familiarity. It was a short time, but it seemed to make an impression on the students. After that, the students

stayed with a host family overnight (photos 5 and 6). The following responses were from interview data from the Nagahora community and host families. Answers to question “a”:

“I don’t play sports so much, but enjoy watching sports on TV. During the Tokyo 2020 Games, we will watch the competitions a lot and makes us exited. It would be supportive for our reconstruction

mentally” (Resident E). “I have never got any positive impact form the Games. I will expect to recognize the positive action and effect during the Games or after” (Resident F).

Answers to question “b”: “Before the 2011 disaster, we could see the sea from this Nagahora (settlement), but after, a 10.9 high

seawall has built and we cannot see it any more. It is pity but because a few of our neighbours are said to

be worried all the time if there is no seawall, our community decided to build it” (Resident G). Answers to question “d”:

“Many of the neighbours in our community took action for many days in order to make sure that their family members were OK. Every day they frantically searched for their parents and children for hours and hours. It is very important thing that everyone has consensus within the family about the evacuation

place before a disaster” (Resident G). Answers to the “e” question:

“We want to have more smiles of the elderly and children in our community. To accomplish the goal,

we have asked our community members ‘not to ask what this community can do for you, but ask what you can do for our community’” (Resident G).

From the morning of 1st July, the TIAS students visited Takata High School and implemented OVEP (photos 7 and 8). It was the fourth time for TIAS to implement this activity in the school. In this year, two

sessions were implemented and each session had around 60 high school students and took 50-minutes. In each session, the TIAS students taught the Olympic values such as Friendship, Excellence, Respect through physical activity and English. It was the first time for most TIAS students to teach Japanese

students, but they were able to develop classes while communicating well, with the IDS students’ interpreting. At the beginning of the session, the school students were hesitant to interact in English, but as the class progressed, they were able to talk with TIAS students, and they often appeared to smilingly

participate in activities. In the free writing comments collected from the students, most of them wrote positive comments such as “I enjoyed so much to learn about the Olympic values and have communication

with foreigners”.

STUDENT PERCEPTIONS AS A RESULT OF THE STUDY TOUR

From the TIAS students’ reports about the tour, they seemed to be able to learn about the reality of the nuclear accidents and tsunami in 2011 and the present situation. For example:

“Even after 8 years the Rikuzentakata City is still under reconstruction and some areas have built new

apartments for the residents. When the sea wall was built, sadness could be felt for the local people who once could see the sea and now cannot for safety purposes. It was impressive to speak with the local

people, who worked as community and helped those in need by sharing their home and love” (Student A).

There are some negative articles about Recovery Olympics in media reports (Japan Times, 2019; and Kahoku Shimpo, 2019) and some TIAS students had learned about similar negative feelings from articles on the “Recovery Olympics” from their interviews as follows:

“Talking to the residents was very interesting, as we got the feedback that although the government was doing something to assist recovery, there was still a long way to go. For example, the black bags of contaminated soil are still present all over Iitate and many families are still fighting for more

compensation for what they lost. Many of them think ‘Recovery Olympics’ is just a marketing tool for foreigners, while on the ground the reality is not so simple” (Student B).

“I could not really observe the role of sports in the affected area as much as I imagined I would. In

Iitate Village, they will host athletes from Laos in the Olympics. Some new stadiums and gymnasiums

are being/have been built in Iitate and Rikuzentakata. Also, Fukushima will be part of the torch relay.

But, when asking the citizens of those places, they themselves cannot really see the relevance of sport and the Olympic Games to the recovery of the disaster-affected area. Unfortunately, I also could not

really see any big impact, in a real and tangible way, of the Olympic Games for the reconstruction” (Student C).

However, some students also learned the positive feelings of the Recovery Olympics as follows: “Since it is a hosting are of Olympic game, people want to come to watch and stay for studying the

disaster. Economically saying, incomes in the city increase because of visitors such as TIAS Tohoku study tour” (Student D).

Moreover, for many students, the implementation of OVEP seemed like to be precious opportunities to realize the role of Olympics and Sports as follows:

“During the OVEP class in the high school in Rikuzentakata, students gave very positive response

when asked if they enjoy playing sports which was to my surprise. This shows that sports activities can be a good platform to deliver the message and value to the young generations” (Student E).

Some of the students also had the impression to change their own lives as follows:

“The people etiquettes and attitude are positive and inspiring younger generations and myself to ‘Never

Give Up’” (Student F). “During the study, we talked a lot about ourselves and also made discussion about the local people and

their daily lives and some discussion about the disaster day and how their personal experience. This precious experience and memory will remain throughout my life together with TIAS” (Student G).

“It will take for the town go back to their life before the disaster. Both these incidents indicate that we

need to be prepared for all emergencies that may happen and more importantly, working together when

the rough times come” (Student H).

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

During the study tour, the students conducted semi-structured interviews mainly about the current situation in the disaster-affected areas, Japanese culture and role of sports in reconstruction and implemented OVEP.

Figure 3. The Structure of the TIAS Study Tour

They (participating TIAS-4th

batch students) learned a lot in line with the aim of the tour, which was to learn about recovery through the Olympics and sports. As media have reported about the Recovery

Olympics, the students seem to have likewise thought about linking the Olympics and recovery from both positive and negative aspects. Additionally, they seemed to reconsider their way of life through listening to residents’ stories and difficulties which have not ended even after eight years. Many residents have

suffered from trauma since March 2011 (Aizawa et al., 2019; Morishima et al., 2019) but they have never given up to live and try move forward in reconstruction. It can be assumed that these life changing

experiences would influence students’ future lives. The TIAS students are expected to work for international sport organizations as leaders after graduating. These experiences will be utilized and influence not only their organizations, but also the world and the next generation. Students’ development

by learning about the ‘Recovery Olympics’ directly from local residents can create a positive intangible legacy of the Tokyo 2020 Games.

Part II. Students’ Reports for the 2019’s Tour

All the students’ reports were written after the 2019’s study tour completion. The reports were created

based on the following points: 1) Before and after visiting the disaster-affected area?

2) The role of sports in the affected area 3) What do you think of Tokyo 2020 as the “Recovery Olympics”?? In this part, they will be introduced anonymously due to the protection of personal information. It also

includes the reports of students (Japanese) who belong to the Joint Master Program in International Development and Peace through Sport (IDS). They participated in the tour as translators.

Student 1. Before visiting the disaster-affected area, I did not really know what to expect. Maybe because in my own country, there are no such nature-related disasters of this scale, it was hard for me to have any dimension of

what the situation would be. In Iitate village, I was sad to realize that the village will never fully recover, because the radiation takes so long to dissipate. It was also shocking to hear from the citizens that the

government did not disclose, at the time of the nuclear accident, all the information regarding the radiation levels, so that even local journalists had a hard time to inform the citizens of the accurate news, and the citizens had no idea about the actual danger they were in. However, the people from Iitate village who we

met are admirably very optimistic, and are working their hardest to keep their positive outlook on life - even though their lives were changed so permanently, dramatically and suddenly. In Rikuzentakata city, I was surprised to see how unrecovered the city still is. By seeing the conditions of the city, I could realize

how destructive a ‘tsunami’ can be. It was very shocking, as well as sad, to think about all the people who lived there and who were caught off guard when the tsunami came. The height of the tsunami was also

something very shocking; we had the opportunity to see that it reached the fourth floor of one building. It really was incredibly sad to see. The stories from the citizens were also tragic; one lady, whose brother is missing to this day, recalled leaving her house after the tsunami hit, to look for him and other people, only

to find many victims’ bodies on the streets. About the city itself, it seems like it has not been touched. It seems that they are just now starting to rebuild, perhaps due to the approaching Olympic Games. I could not really observe the role of sports in the affected area as much as I imagined I would. In Iitate village,

they will probably host the athletes from Laos in the Olympics. Some new stadiums and gymnasiums are being/have been built in Iitate and Rikuzentakata. Also, Fukushima prefecture will be part of the torch

relay. But, when asking the citizens of those places, they themselves cannot really see the relevance of sport and the Olympic Games to the recovery of the disaster-affected area. Unfortunately, I also could not really see any big impact, in a real and tangible way, of the Olympic Games for the reconstruction. After

this experience, I can say that I admire Japanese people even more. What I saw during this experience was a lot of strength, willpower, optimism and joy. Everyone was so kind and welcoming, and generous to share their experiences and opinions with us about such a traumatic event. We could all see and experience

Japanese “OMOTENASHI” through their delicious food, warm welcome to their homes, and cordial conversation until late at night. With such kind-hearted company and such positive outlook on life, it was easy and pleasant to enjoy the time, and learn more about the events of 2011 and the situation today.

Student 2.

The three-day Fukushima study tour from 29th June, 2019 to 1st July, 2019 covers three different places such as Iitate village near Fukushima, Rikuzentakata city and Takata High School. During this tour I have

witnessed the impact of natural disaster and its consequences on local residences and landscape. The Iitate village is located 45 kms away from Fukushima nuclear reactor No. 1 which leaked the radioactive

particles due to the earthquake on March, 2011. The village is contaminated due to the rain and snow on the night of March 15, 2011 which brought the radioactive particles to land. After more than a month of the disaster, government ordered the locals to leave. The village has a new sports ground, school, gymnasium,

convenience store and UDON restaurant. A clinic sees patients twice a week. Only aged (seniors) people are living in the village, the younger generation yet stayed away from the village. Some of the northern

part of Iitate village is decontaminated by removing the contaminated soil, but in southern part still the

contamination is very high. The radiation near recorded near school was 1 micro sievert (Sv) but it is 6

micro sievert (6 Sv) near the forest. Radiation monitoring posts are installed at many places of the village.

Nobody is allowed inside the core affected area which is reserved/regulated by the government. Though the government is putting lot of efforts, Nobuyoshi Ito san said that there is no future for the village and it is not safe for young people. The accident that happened to Iitate village is worrisome and painful and it

also shows the importance of community and government to recover from the disaster physically, financially and mentally. Rikuzentakata, a city in Iwate Prefecture was affected by the tsunami in March, 2011. Approximately 2000 residents of Rikuzentakata perished during the tsunami and its downtown area

was wiped out by waves more than 10 meters high, leaving an apocalyptic wasteland of mud and debris in its wake. The government planned to reconstruct the village in 10-year period. They used the conveyor

belts to transport the sands from mountain to downtown to elevate it. The government has constructed the tsunami-defense mounds and a massive seawall along Tohoku’s Pacific coast to prepare for future events of similar magnitude. The city decided to keep four places as monuments for the remembrance and tourist

attraction i) Phyramid Stairs, ii) Pine tree, iii) Takata High school, and iv) Apartment. Takata Matsubara beach became known as the site where a pine forest was wiped out by the tsunami, leaving only one “miracle pine tree” standing. The tree has since died, and the city is still trying to restore sand at the beach,

which is still not officially open to the public. The new malls with a supermarket, drugstore, budget clothing store and ¥100 shop etc. were reconstructed. The city is very beautiful and the scars of past is still

visible. Though the reconstruction of village is progress, the people still smiles hardly with full of pain. The people’s etiquettes and attitude is positive and inspiring me and younger generation to ‘Never Give Up’. The Takata High School students were taught by the TIAS & IDS students about three values of

Olympic Games (Friendship, Respect and Excellence) through sports activity in OVEP (Olympic Values Education Programme). 120 students were learned the values as a group of 20 students each. The Japanese students are very much closed and shy to talk to any outsiders. As well as most of the students are not

interested or aware about the values of Olympics before OVEP activity. From my personal experience, I believe that, this activity helps the students to overcome the challenges in their life as well as to understand and help others in future. Tokyo won the hosting of 2020 Olympics with the message of Recovery from

2011 Disaster. In my opinion, though the central and local governments are doing lot of projects to ensure the recovery of village and citizens, still the impact of Olympics is not accountable substantially. The

governments should think to implement some special projects to link the message of recovery of 2011 disaster with residents of the villages/cities and citizens of Japan and World.

Student 3. My perceptions before and after visiting the disaster-affected areas: I had heard about the nuclear disaster and tsunami in 2011 when it happened, but I don’t think I gave it much thought. It was too far away from

me and I was worried about more immediate things like starting my journey at university. I was a bit concerned about visiting an area that had experienced radiation, but these fears were put to rest during our

introductory lectures. When we went to Iitate, the first thing that struck me was how green and vibrant everything looked. I think I was expecting everything to look like a bomb had gone off, but it was beautiful. I found it hard to believe some of the areas could be so dangerous. It was saddening talking to the residents

and I imagined how hard it must have been to have their way of life wiped out in such a short space of time. For many of them agriculture was their livelihood, but they were forced to uproot themselves and start all over again. I had a similar feeling when visiting Rikuzentakata. It’s been 8 years, but the devastation is still

very evident. The photos of before and after the tsunami were like day and night. When we talked about the disaster with our host families, I think it made the experience a lot more personal. They told us about how they had 20 people staying with them in their minshuku for 5 months after they lost their homes. The

way the community came together to support each other was also very heart-warming. The role of sports in the affected area: There were a lot of initiatives to build sports fields and athletic

centers in Iitate and Rikuzentakata, and we heard a little bit regarding how the community was

participating in sports. In Iitate one of the community activities was yoga, but I think other group activities play a bigger role in the community, especially amongst the elderly population. For example, the AKB

women’s group in Nagahora cooks and drinks tea together. What I think of Tokyo 2020 as the “Recovery Olympics”: Talking to the residents was very interesting, as we got the feedback that although the government was doing something to assist recovery, there was still a

long way to go. For example, the black bags of contaminated soil are still present all over Iitate and many families are still fighting for more compensation for what they lost. Many of them think ‘Reconstruction

Olympics’ is just a marketing tool for foreigners, while on the ground the reality is not so simple. The residents in Rikuzentakata hope to attract tourists during the Olympics so I can see how such an initiative would help recover the town. However, would the government not still have to assist in reconstruction

even if Tokyo weren’t holding the Olympics? I’m not sure whether the Olympics as an event will have much effect in the disaster-affected areas, but hopefully the money brought into the country during that time can be put to good use.

Student 4.

It was a really good opportunity for me to learn new experience about the disaster affected areas as a three-day study tour by the arrangement of Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies from 29th of June to 1st of July, 2019. The places we visited are Iitate village, Rikuzentakata city and Takata high

school. Eight students from TIAS and other students from the IDS which is the International Development and Peace through Sport (IDS) program together went to the tour. Before we go there, Ms. Mihoko, TIAS researcher arrange the special information sharing sessions to the participants and special lectures about

radiation and farming and planning by the two professors from another universities. During the visit to those areas, I learnt about the natural disaster and its consequences to the local residents. Before the study

tour, I have some knowledge about the nuclear power plant accident at Iitate village but when I went there, I could feel the real situation of the village, some empty houses, only few local people are still living in the village, only a few places still doing farming by the help of modern farming techniques and some

testing-style farming, very rich forest with many fruits and vegetables, very pleasant weather and very huge area of land for agriculture. But all of these were I could see and it is very hard to imagine before the time of accident, before the radiation spread where villagers don’t need to buy almost any of their daily

meals/foods, where they could feel the most fresh air, where they though to spend the left of their lives together with their beloved family, where lots of their dreams still alive. Personally, I feel sorry for the local residents, but I really appreciate the efforts of the Japanese Government for the recovery and

reconstruction process. I hope we, Myanmar has to learn and the Japanese way of recovery from disaster as during these years Myanmar faces lots of natural disaster and people are not really satisfied by the effort of

government in the recovery process. One thing I also noticed is that the Japanese Government is using sport for this recovery since 1964 Olympic Games and it is really successful. “We need smile” this is what I have learned from the presentation delivered by one of the local residences from Rikuzentakata

village where we are going in the second day of the study tour. Rikuzentakata is a city in Iwate Prefecture which was affected by tsunami in 11th of March, 2011. The unexpected disaster, a magnitude-9.1 earthquake and resulting tsunami killed more than 230,000 people. More than 120,000 buildings were

destroyed, 278,000 were half-destroyed and 726,000 were partially destroyed. Japanese government’s reconstruction plan for this village is for 10 year. We also had a chance for the home-stay with the local

resident’s home for one night. In my opinion, it was really a good opportunity to learn more depth about the local culture and ask more question about his disaster. Myself, one of my international fellow TIAS students and one Japanese student from IDS stayed together at one of the most peaceful and beautiful

places where I have ever been. The owners are two elderly (seniors) people we called ji'i-chan and ba'a chan. We were most welcomed and ji'i-chan took us to one of the famous temples and also the view point of the village. During the study, we talked a lot about ourselves and also had discussion about the local

people and their daily lives and some discussion about the disaster day and on their personal experience. This precious experience and memory will remain throughout my life together with the TIAS program. The following day, we went to the Takata High School to meet the students and deliver Olympic Values

Education Program (OVEP) with the aim of using the values of Olympic Games which is Excellence, Respect and Friendship in their lives by the aim of sport at part of disaster recovery. Our group myself, one

of my international fellow TIAS students and one Japanese student from IDS delivered the activity under the theme of Respect. In my opinion, it was a really good event and all the participants (120 students) would be learn something about the value of sport together with the value of respect. Tokyo 2020 is known

or being known for the recovery from 2011 disaster. It is obvious that the Japanese government is trying

and still implementing a lot of projects for the recovery of the disaster-affected areas, but there is something missing to the real projects and the satisfaction of local residents from this effort. There are

many types such as visible and invisible legacies for this project, but in my opinion, people still want the more visible legacy and government needs to get more opinion and suggestion from the local residents while implementing these programs. I hope every effort make legacies.

Student 5.

I would like to mention the things that I learned through the Tohoku study tour. First of all, in Iitate village, I got to know the serious situation that local residents are still in terrible life. I took part in the discussion with local residents as an interpreter of Mr. Nobuyoshi Ito. He is a 75-year-old man, who worked in a

training center in the Iitate village built for working people from Tokyo, before the disaster 11. March. 2011. Many people lost their job because of this disaster, including him. After the catastrophe, he started helping the group of IISORA and supporting the research of the group; he also started taking measurement

of radiation, learning from Prof. Imanaka of the Kyoto University. Nowadays, he measures it every day and he talks in public or give the data for locals, who visit him. He has three indicators. One scores whole

day’s data and the other one is to measure instant data. He is well known as ‘Measurement guy (測定おじさ

ん) by local people. The most impressive point is that he prefers the kids and young people not to live in

Iitate village. It is fine, if people visit temporarily. He does not recommend living there for a long time. I

was surprised that the radiation score (value-measurement) is different, just even walking a little distance. Radiation is not possible to watch and smell. That is a hard point. The most serious of accumulated radiation elements is Cesium 137; it’s life time (half-life) is 30 years. It means the radiation level will be

half in 30 years. If people are over 60 years old, they would be over 90 years after 30 years, but if they are over 20 years old, they would be over 50 years old. The effect of radiation comes up after a long time; in

other words, it means there is internal exposure. When the radiation would disappear, it would be 300 years, and that means not only for our generation, but also the next generation. Personally, I recognized my voice sounds really ‘low tone’. Mr. Ito’s voice is clear and sounds nice. So I try to speak more clearly and

with more nice tone. My translation was not good enough, and Prof. Rakwal helped me a lot. I must improve my skills. If I get a chance next time, I’ll prepare in advance for sure.

Student 6. 1) Before and after visiting the disaster-affected area: Before visiting Iitate (nuclear explosion tragedy)

and Rikuzentakata (earthquake and tsunami), we were informed about the situation through the guest speakers Prof. Tetsuji Imanaka (Kyoto University) and Prof. Koji Itonaga (Nihon University). We were introduced to the situation of these places when the disaster happened. Lives were lost, infrastructure and

homes destroyed and more importantly the source of livelihood diminished. Also, the villagers did not want to return to their villages. I expected that the situation would brighten up after eight long years after the disaster. When I reached Iitate village, we toured the areas exposed to the nuclear radioactivity. Still,

the radioactivity (though less harmful now) exists and is a major concern for the residents. The elderly wanted to live in the area where they were born and raised, while the younger populations have shifted to

the residing towns, some far away from Iitate or even Fukushima prefecture. Investment has been by the Government of Japan in relation to sport infrastructure, roads, decontamination of forests (still only 20% done), medical facilities, and schools. But the real issue is that time is required for the radioactivity to be

fully eradicated (about 30 years to reduce the one of the elements, Caesium-137, of radioactivity by 50%). While interacting with the reporter (guest speaker), I discovered that the community were confused as information did not reach them on time. Also, constant updates were not provided to them. She also

mentioned that the local people do not support the re-opening of the nuclear power plant (yet government has opened). The farmer (guest speaker) mentioned that it is important to have hope and rebuilding the community is a major concern. While speaking with the lawyer (guest speaker), he mentioned that the

nuclear company did not give compensation to many residents. He left his job in the government and started working for these people. He has mentioned that compensation has now been given to 70-80% of

the affected families. Bjorn Lomborg, ranked as the top 50 men to save the planet, mentions in his book, $75 billion to make the world a better place, that rebuilding the community should the first priority for any disaster affected area (obviously the first step is to make sure no lives are lost). I believe it will take

another 50-70 years for the area to be filled with residents again (though this is optimistic). While interacting with Rikuzentakata residents, it was clear that though physical status (infrastructure) of the town looks fresh, emotionally it is a different story. Residents shared their experience of not finding their

families in the tsunami attacks, the loss of their loved ones, and many shared their daily battle of seeing

dead bodies everywhere. I personally felt that this town was more like an engrained “community” and people did help each other out in the time of need, which was great. Steps have been taken (such as raising

of the ground level) to avoid a future disaster, yet I believe it is more important to have strong community relations. Again, another 20-30 years I believe it will take for the town go back to their life before the disaster. Both these incidents indicate that we need to be prepared for all emergencies that may happen and

more importantly, working together when the rough times come. 2) The role of sports in the affected area: While speaking with the residents of Iitate, it felt that sports were

introduced too late and not used effectively. Firstly the sports infrastructure was just recently build. Secondly, parents are afraid of letting their kids play outside due to the radioactivity. Third, the percentage of young people dipped from 700 to 100 in the village. These signs show that it is difficult to really

understand the role of sports in the area thus far, which is depressing as sports can bring about change and it has been several years post disaster. While speaking with the residents of Rikuzentakata, sports have been used to rejoin and rejoice the community life. Kids are now playing sports outside. However, the

sports infrastructure was again recently build and is hard to measure the role of sports. We conducted OVEP program in the school and it was clear that students want to be involved in sports and more

importantly it allows them to forget the past and look forward to the new bright horizons. 3) What do you think of Tokyo 2020 as the “Recovery Olympics”?: The village of Iitate mentioned that high-profile players and teams were going to visit their area, which will attract the community and bring

people together. However, the people of Iitate do not feel that the Olympics have made any impact to their village. They do not even know when it will take place. In contrast, the people of Rikuzentakata seemed to be excited as the Rugby World Cup 2019 will be hosted in their area, which was a great feel of excitement

for their people. Also, Olympic pre-Games training camps will be held in the area which again is a positive sign. I also feel that millions of people from across the globe will be visiting these disaster affecting areas

(because of the Tokyo 2020 Games) which will allow them to understand and feel what people are going through. It will allow for the economy to be boosted, and help in “reconstructing” the community. Hence, I believe Tokyo 2020 will have a positive effect on the community and people, and only once this happens,

people from affected areas will acknowledge Tokyo 2020 as the “reconstruction” Olympics.

Student 7.

Perception on the study tour and “Recovery Olympics”: The study tour to Iitate village in Fukushima prefecture and Rikuzentakata city in Iwate prefecture was very meaningful. For only when our feet actually touch the ground of where the disasters happened and interact with the local citizen can we feel its

proximity and start to think deeper about it. The host family in Rikuzentakata showed me photos and videos of the tsunami hitting the city, and the comparation of the neighborhood before and after the disaster.

They also told me what they have been through to survive in the big waves and answered all my questions with great patience. It is not easy for people who have really experienced the dramatic change in life to bring up the old memories and retell the stories. It is comforting to know how people gathered together to

help each other during the recovery and reconstruction in seek of the maximum probability of survival of the whole community; also, how they treasure every individual life. I appreciate their optimistic attitude towards life and the hope for better life. In terms of the role of sports in the affected area, my impression is

that it is a way of emotional encouragement and a natural beloved activity to conduct among people. My host family was a couple in their middle age. They said although they don’t do sports very much, they

enjoy watching sports and this is been proven by the sports competition program showing on their TV screen when we entered their home. During the OVEP class in the high school in Rikuzentakata, students gave very positive response when asked if they enjoy playing sports which was to my surprise. This shows

that sports activities can be a good platform to deliver the message and value to the young generations. During the previous TIAS courses, I was always taught that hosting the Olympic Games in 2020 can help with the reconstruction of the 2011’s earthquake and subsequent tsunami and nuclear accident but have

never questioned how exactly it can help. Meanwhile, there is international voice criticizing that Japanese Government has diverted the due attention from the rescue and reconstruction of the disaster to hosting the Games. In fact, holding the Olympic Games can bring people together and lift the spirits of the people in

the disaster areas. Using an ambitious goal to lift the morale of a nation is something that was tried so often in Japan in 1964. For the people who have suffered so much, the Games will allow them to put all their

energy into preparation and construction and forget the pain. At the same time, the successful holding of the Olympic Games will greatly improve the self-confidence of a nation, which will play a huge role in building the self-confidence and pride of the people in the disaster area, and this influence is undoubtedly

the most important one of the several benefits the Olympic Games can bring. Some of the Olympic

football games will be held in Fukushima prefecture and baseball games in Miyagi prefecture. These two places were the hardest hit, and the infrastructure was the most damaged. Using the Olympics as an

opportunity to rebuild, both to meet the needs of the Olympic venues and to meet the needs of the city's own infrastructure is a way of killing two birds with one stone. Besides, for economic considerations, to hold the Olympic Games events in the worst-hit areas can bring benefits. First of all, the Olympic Games

related personnel's ticket, catering, accommodation income is self-evident; More importantly, the event is first of all a promotion of local employment, and second of all an immeasurable publicity role for local

tourism; and, will once again put these hard-hit areas in people and travel agency destinations around the world, with a follow-up revitalization. The impact of subsequent revitalization is likely to outstrip revenue from admission, dining and lodging. Thanks for the kind and generous reception of the host families and

the local citizens. And thanks to TIAS of organizing this study tour.

Student 8. After eight years, the reconstruction work has been is moving smoothly towards recovery, and specifically underlined the construction of houses and infrastructure. Many people are still unable to return to their

homes, most of them from Iitate that was heavily contaminated by radioactive residues from three of the four reactors of the plant. After completing the cleaning tasks and radioactive decontamination, the Japanese authorities have progressively lifted restrictions on access in four of the seven localities that were

worst affected by the accident. Stories where narrated by our guide who is a retired resident of Iwate and doing individual radioactive monitoring surveys as shown in the second picture above. On the other hand, practically the localities at high altitude or forested areas - continue to be termed as areas of difficult return

and it remains to be known when the residents of these places will be allowed to return. According to Greenpeace Japan, the radioactivity levels in several parts of Iitate localities - where evacuation orders

were recently lifted - are more than 100 times than the maximum recommended at the international level, which would pose a significant risk for the people living there. The non-profit organization in its annual report on the situation in Iitate claimed that the Japanese government offers misleading information about

radiation levels and tries to project a false image of normalcy having returned. Iitate affected localities have suffered a significant decline in population, as the nuclear stigma weighing on the region has resulted in many residents hesitant to return, especially if they have children. Lastly we treated to a very nutrious

and testy meal.

Student 9.

As Tohoku study tour, we Tsukuba International Academy for Sports Studies (TIAS) students visited Fukushima and Iwate prefectures, namely Iitate village and Rikuzentakata city. In this report, I will write

what I learnt and my opinion for that with three sections which are “1. Before and after visiting the disaster-affected area”, “2. The role of sports in the affected area”, and “3. What do you think of Tokyo 2020 as the Recovery Olympics”? First of all, there are two things what I learnt through visiting the

disaster-affected area. First, the community can save the psychologically worst situation people. According to the AKB grandmothers, the group making local food and selling, the tuning point they could change to be positive was becoming a part of community. When she just moved to the evacuation center, she had

been crying all the time because of the loss of family members and friends. However, by being together with people, she could be positive little by little because having people she could talk gave her sense of

ease. Another thing is the progress of recovering from the earthquake. To be honest, I could not believe it has already been right years because it is too late to reconstruct. At the same time, I felt it is necessary sustainable support for disinterred place because people tend to be less attention for Tohoku. Secondly, the

roles of sports are making community through sports and providing joy to people. Therefore, it could say sports can support people psychologically. As a result, baseball stadiums and tennis coats are constructing in Rikuzentakata city because lots of people in there like to play sports. Even in disinterred situation, sports

are necessary. Another example is the man working for making community between people from different city was willing to make sports events because sports can create community. Also, people can have joy through waiting and watching the sports matches. A lot of people are very exciting to hold Olympic game

in Tohoku, which leads people encourage and have joy. Lastly, I am on positive side of Tokyo 2020 as the Reconstruction Olympic. It is because by calling the Reconstruction Olympic, there are much positive

things rather than negative things such as getting attention, economic impacts and educating people. Tohoku area can get attentions through media. For example, although media showed it is not good idea to call the Tokyo 2020 as Reconstruction Olympic, at least people remember about the Tohoku. Also, since it

is a hosting area of Olympic Games, people want to come to watch and stay for studying the disaster.

Economically saying, incomes in the city increase because of visitors such as TIAS Tohoku study tour. Moreover, people can get opportunity to be educated especially children through being with international

people, having special programs such as OVEP. As a good example, the children of host family could experience communicating with international people. One of the children prepared some questions and introductions in English and communicated with them. Another child enjoyed playing video games with

them which told him it is one of the communication ways. International people also learnt what the Japanese culture is.

Student 10. 1. Before and after visiting the disaster-affected area <Fukushima>: I was bit shocked that the village was

so silent and we hardly found people there. There was a pile of contaminated soil kept on the ground and just covered by a blue sheet. I knew that scenery was there beforehand but when I see it by my own eyes, I realized it really happened and changed people’s daily life. And also, I experienced how the radiation was

horrible for people and nature. I actually knew how terrible it was but through this tour, I was reminded it really existed. <Iwate>: Same like Fukushima, I experienced to realize the tsunami destroyed everything

in reality. I was confused how I should have felt about the reality. Because I couldn’t help but felt very sorry for the people who were terrified and suffered a lot during and after the disaster though they have been already moving forward. What I can do for them should not have been to sympathize with them.

However, I couldn’t stop imagining how it was painful for the people who died and who left. Getting shocked by only seeing disaster area, I felt really ashamed myself how I was weak compared to the people who really experienced the disaster but they seemed so reliable and strong. Especially

NADESHIKO-club’s ladies made me somehow so relieved. They removed my fear and anxiety which I got from the imagination of disaster of 3.11. I realized through this tour, the disaster was totally horrible

and made people feel hopeless but also, I realized people were really strong and could overcome any difficulty together by meeting the people living in disaster area who have been taking action step by step. 2. About role of sports in the affected area: Through the interview to the people in disaster area, we could

make sure that sports could take some part for the reconstruction, especially, for the children to have hope and dream. Like Olympic Games, by seeing professional athletes, children get motivated to seek for their own goal and move forward towards the goal. This is good impact of sport. In addition to athlete’s impact,

sport program is also giving good opportunity for children to play outside with friends. They lost the place and motivation to play outside after the disaster. But now many sport programs are encouraging them to play. From that sport opportunity, children as well as adult keep their good health physically and mentally.

3. What do you think of Tokyo 2020 as “Reconstruction Olympics”?: I think it’s just in name only right now. Actually, the people in disaster area don’t get any positive impact from Tokyo 2020 so far; they told

me so during the interview. They expect there will be some positive impact for them during the event or afterwards. However, sadly, in Rikuzentakata city, there are insufficient carpenters because of Tokyo 2020 construction. Many local carpenters have gone to work in the area in which many new constructions for

the Olympic Games are going on. Tokyo 2020 is making negative impact on the disaster area though it is considered as “Reconstruction Olympics”.

Student 11. This study tour has been a much meaningful experience for me. Through this tour, I propose two things

that they are totally important: a meaning of sport and a value of home-staying for people who received us. Firstly, the meaning of sport was again realized through this tour. Before going Tohoku, I had simply recognized sport as a tool for recovery and it is not difficult to influence people. I easily believe the power

of sport with no doubt through my only 22-year experience. However, during the tour, I saw some places that are still suffered from the disaster and the photos of those days of disaster. They made me re-think what the meaning of sport. At that time, I could not figure out it, rather there would be another way to

spend on than sport. In other words, sport is quite meaningless for people who are suffered from lack of stuff to keep their standard of life. And it is optimistic to recover that place with sport. Then I asked local people and some professors the value of sport for themselves, the reason why sport is said valuable for

people who even are suffered from disaster. They told me it was totally needed and still is. One of the biggest reasons is psychological aspect. I heard from Prof. Sanada (Chairman of TIAS) about the sport

festival which was held only 3 months after the disaster. From the picture that he showed me; it was clearly understood there are millions of debris lying around the playground. That playground was cleaned up for only the purpose of holding a sport festival with pushing so many denials away. Nevertheless, it made local

people cheer up not only people who played, but also who watched as a result. Sport swept people’s

gloomy feeling away. It is very important for people to care about an aspect of their minds. Local people also mentioned the value of sport. They said infrastructure can influence our way of living, but not our

heart. It is true that infrastructure approaches from external side. Only sport and cultural thing can approach from internal side. Through this study tour, I again recognized sport as a tool to recover from disaster. Secondly, people who supported me during homestay noticed why they accepted people from

outside. My parents during home-stay accepted people who visited Takata-city like us many times. For us who wants to have such a precious experience, home-staying is so valuable. But I could not understand the

reason why local residents accepted us with pleasure. To tell the truth, I thought it was kind of mandatory whether they want or not. However, it is not of course. They told me the reason of accepting us, which is because they wanted people know deeply about the disaster and current situation 8 years after. On the other

hands, actually they did not say about it but in my opinion after the tour, they are still trying to accept what had happened to them. Letting us know through introducing it, they take their condolence down into their heart deeper and deeper. It might be the only way to overcome it. At the same time I was supported, I am

pleasure if I could be the supporter for them. These two things are the main point for the Tohoku study tour. Through many valuable experiences, it became an unforgettable memory for me. Thank you.

Student 12. Before I visited the affected area, I had a general point of view about the disaster. But I came to know this

was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan, and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900. Though safety mechanisms were in place for earthquake and tsunami individually, it was unfortunate that both took place in turn. The earthquake

triggered powerful tsunami waves that may have reached heights of up to 40.5 meters in which more than 10,000 to 19,000 were killed. During visiting the areas:

1. Iitate village: we sat with the local people and asked about the effect of tsunami and future of the village, gave me the result that most of the current residents are older generation who want to stay and die in their land; on the other hand the possible health effects of exposure to radiation remains a high concern among

people from areas near the plant and around the locality, particularly families with young children prefer to leave the place or at least send the children away from the village. While visiting the nuclear disaster-affected area, it was evident that most of the places still exhibit a high radioactive count (though

harmless). It will take 50-100 years for the locality to return to normal, only if the radioactivity disappears and the media and local government help restore the community. 2. Rikuzentakata city: Even after 8 years the Rikuzentakata area is still under reconstruction and some

areas have built new apartments for the residents. When the sea wall was built, the sadness could be felt for the local people who once could see the sea and now cannot for safety purposes. It was impressive to speak

with the local people, who worked as community and helped those in need by sharing their home and love. The hospitality shown by the AKB women was impeccable especially their enthusiasm and energy. 3. Believing that sport can promote life expectancy and help people to recover was one of the interesting

points that the people try to build up the gym, track and field and the baseball court. The OVEP program showed that the young students are eager for programs and initiatives to be held in their locality and it is suggested to more frequent partnerships with other institutions.

4. Tokyo 2020 has revealed the design of the Torch and details of the Torch Relay for next year’s Paralympic Game. Regarding to Tokyo 2020; The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Torch Relay will give everyone

an opportunity to reflect on a new partnership between people of different backgrounds and abilities, and between people and society, aiming to help everyone appreciate that there is ‘unity in diversity’. It will also increase tourism in the nuclear and tsunami affected areas, which will drive some economy to the

community and also revive the hopes of the local people.

Pre-TRIP

Lectures (Informing students)

TIAS: GSI 302

Pre-STUDY TOUR Lectures (Guest Speakers – Experts)

The STUDY TOUR – IMAGE PHOTOS

Appendices:

Media Perspectives about the Study Tour : The media covered the TIAS STUDY TOUR.

2017.11.27 Sankei Shimbun 2018.7.8 Fukushima Minpou

Acknowledgements TIAS acknowledges the support of the JSA for the implementation of the study tour, and the TIAS Office for logistics support for its successful organization and completion.

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