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The People's Republic of China
Tiananmen Square is a large public square in Beijing, China,
A massive demonstration for democratic reform, began in Tiananmen Square by Chinese students in April, 1989. It was brutally repressed on June 3 and 4, 1989.
The demonstrators were joined by workers, intellectuals, and civil servants, until over a million people filled the square.
Martial law was declared on May 20. The protesters demanded the government resign, but the government answered on the nights of June 3 and 4 with troops and tanks, killing thousands to quell a "counter-revolutionary rebellion.“
Student Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square
June 3-4, 1989
The People‘s Republic of China has a population of over 1.3 billion, roughly one-fifth of the world's total population.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) has led a single-party system since the state's establishment in 1949.
The PRC is involved in a long-running dispute over the political status of Taiwan.
China is often considered as an emerging superpower.
However, China is now faced with a number of other economic problems, including an aging population, an increasing rural-urban income gap, and rapid environmental degradation.
China plays a major role in international trade. The country is the world's largest consumer of steel and concrete. It is also the world's second largest importer of petroleum.
Statistics- GDP is 13.39 Trillion, $9,800 per capita.
Exports: $2.21 trillion (2013 est.) Exports - commodities: machinery and
equipment, textiles and clothing, footwear, toys,, plastics, iron and steel
Imports – commodities: oil, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals.
Economic Statistics
Beginning in late 1978, began reforming the economy from centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented economy that is still under Party control (Mixed Economy).
These changes resulted in mainland China's shift from a planned economy to a mixed economy.
In 1978, Deng Xiaoping initiated China's market-oriented reforms.
Economy
The government now emphasizes personal income and consumption and focuses on foreign trade as a major vehicle for economic growth,. Chinese economic development is among the fastest in the world.
Mainland China has a reputation as being a low-cost manufacturer. This is largely because Chinese corporations can produce many products far more cheaply than other parts of Asia or Latin America.
International trade makes up a sizeable portion of China's overall economy.
China's global trade exceeded $758 trillion at the end of 2006.
About 80 percent of China's exports consist of manufactured goods, most of which are textiles and electronic equipment, with agricultural products and chemicals constituting the remainder. Out of the five busiest ports in the world, three are in China.Shanghai, Ningbo-Zhoushan, and Tianjin.
The PRC government has been described as authoritarian, communist, and socialist, with heavy restrictions in many areas, including the Internet and in the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of reproductive rights, and freedom of religion.
The country is ruled under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. Its current President is Xi Jinping and its premier is Li Keqiang.
Government
The country is run by the Communist Party of China (CPC), which is guaranteed power by the Constitution. There are other political parties in the PRC, referred to in China as "democratic parties", which participate in the People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress. There have been some moves toward political liberalization, in that open contested elections are now held at the village and town levels. However, the Party retains effective control over government, the CPC wins by default most of the time.
With a population of over 1.3 billion, the PRC is very concerned about its population growth and has attempted to implement a strict family planning policy.
The government's goal is one child per family
Population Growth
In 1986, China set the long-term goal of providing compulsory nine-year basic education to every child
Many parents often invest large amount of the family's income on education. Private lessons and recreational activities are popular among the middle-class families who can afford them.
Education
The Ministry of Health oversees the health needs of the Chinese population. An emphasis on public health and preventative treatment characterized health policy since the early 1950s. At that time, the party started the Patriotic Health Campaign, which was aimed at improving sanitation and hygiene, as well as attacking several diseases.
With economic reform after 1978, the health of the Chinese public improved rapidly because of better nutrition. Health care in China is largely private fee-for-service.
Public Health
Beijing
Shanghai
Draw an Economic Continuum line on the Side of your Notes with Market on one side and Command on the other:
MarketCommand
Where on the above Economic Continuum would China be today?
Work with your shoulder partner to:
Economic Continuum line
MarketCommand
China
1. China= Command/Mixed
Name the Type of Economy
UNITARYWays Government Distributes Power
Central Authorit
y
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
CONFEDERATIONWays Government Distributes Power
Central Authorit
y
Regional Authorit
y
Regional Authorit
y
Regional Authorit
y
Regional Authorit
y
FEDERATION/FEDERALWays Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
CentralAuthority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Describe the ways governments distribute powerUnitary- a form of government in which power
is held by one central authority.Confederation-voluntary associations of
independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.
Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.
Which is China today?
Citizen participation in governmentAutocratic-government in which one person
possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.
Oligarchic-Government by a few, a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.
Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.
Which is modern China?
China’s One Child Policy. http://faculty.harker.org/adm/population/studentpages/china1/index.html March 6, 2008
Modern China. http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/09/12/location_beats_cost_for_china_construction/ March 7, 2008.
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