(1) earthly desires, or obstacles arising from the three poisons of greed, anger, and foolishnessa. workings of life that cause one psychological and physical suffering and impede the quest for enlightenment, including desires and illusions in the general sense. Regarded by Buddhism as the fundamental cause for affliction and suffering, and presents various analyses and perspectives on them.b. Nargajuna: three poisons of greed, anger, and foolishness are the most fundamental earthly desires and give rise to all others (The Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom)c. Dharmapla: ten fundamental earthly desires and (other) derivative earthly desires (The Treatise on the Establishment of the Consciousness-Only Doctrine)i. Ten fundamental earthly desires: greed, anger, foolishness, arrogance, and doubt, and the five false views (2) karma, obstacles due to bad karma created by committing any of the five cardinal sins or ten evil actsa. Potentials in the inner, unconscious realm of life created through ones actions in the past or present that manifest themselves as various results in the present or future i.e. ones thought, speech, and behaviour (action), both good and bad, imprint themselves as a latent force or potential in ones life.b. This latent force, or karma, when activated by an external stimulus, produces a corresponding good or bad effect, i.e., happiness or suffering. There are also neutral acts that produce neither good nor bad results. Ones actions in the past have shaped ones present reality, and ones actions in the present will in turn influence ones future. This law of karmic causality operates in perpetuity, carrying over from one lifetime to the next and remaining with one in the latent state between death and rebirth.c. Ten Evil Acts: i. Three physical evils: killing, stealing, and sexual misconductii. Four verbal evils: lying, flattery or indiscriminate and irresponsible speech, defamation, and duplicity (being deceitful)iii. Three mental evils of greed, anger, and foolishness or the holding of mistaken viewsd. Five Cardinal Sins: (1) killing ones father, (2) killing ones mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) injuring a Buddha, and (5) causing disunity in the Buddhist Order. Those who commit any of the five cardinal sins invariably fall into the hell of incessant suffering

(3) Retribution, obstacles caused by the negative karmic effects of actions in the three evil pathsa. The realms of hell, hungry spirits, and animals, the lowest three of the six paths. The three evil paths are the realms of suffering into which one falls as a result of evil deeds.(1) five components, obstructions caused by ones physical and mental functions(2) earthly desires, obstructions arising from the three poisons(3) death, meaning ones own untimely death obstructing ones practice of Buddhism, or the premature death of another practitioner causing one to doubt(4) devil king, who is said to assume various forms or take possession of others in order to cause one to discard ones Buddhist practice