This compilation of proarams for training pthysician in 35 ...for assistants to primary care physicians. As of March 1, 1971, however, the details have not been completely developed

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 057 357 AC 012 221

TITLE Selected Training Programs for Physician SupportPersonnel.

INSTITUTION National Institutes of Health (DHEW), Bethesda, Md.Bureau of Health Manpower Education.

REPORT NO DHEW-NIH-72-183PUB DATE Mar 71NOTE 113p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58DESCRIPTORS *Adult Vocational Education; Ancillary Services;

*College Programs; Credit Courses; EducationalGuidance; *Health Occupations Education; LaboratoryTechnology; Manpower Development; *MedicalAssistants; Medical Schools; Nurses Aides; On the JobTraining; *Paramedical Occupations

ABSTRACTThis compilation of proarams for training pthysician

support personnel, as of March 1, 1971, includes 125 programs in 35states. Of these, 47 extend nursing roles and 78 accept students withvaried qualifications. At least 60 programs are presentlyoperational, with about 1,000 students in training and an equalnumber of graduates. The programs in the compilation are categorizedas follows: Programs with Varied Entrance Requirements; Programs forExtending Nursing Roles; and Planned or Operational Programs NotSummarized in Detail. It is suggested that those who use thiscompilation for student counseling or for selecting a trainingopportunity should check the status of the individual trainingprogram. (DE)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION & WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEH REPRO-DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG-INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN-IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU-CATION POSITION OR POLICY. ER DATA SERIES

The Division of Manpower Intelligence, established in the Bureau ofHealth Manpower Education in 1970 to provide a focus for the develop-ment, interpretation, coordination, and evaluation of health manpowereducation information, publishes five report series, as follows:

* HEALTH MANPOWER DATA SERIES - Reports of survey findings andcompilations of data on health manpower educational institutionsand training programs and related manpower data.

* ANALYTICAL STUDIES SERIES - Monagl-aphs and other problem-orientedstudies dealing with health man:nower education, supply, and, re-quirements.

* RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SERIES - Technical papers concerned withthe development of ithproved ana:_ytic methods and techniques, foruse in studies of health manpowr education.

* BHME PROGRAM SERIES - Listings, statistics, and analyses of Bureauof Health Manpower Education grants and loan programs, other BHMEoperations, and related programs.

* NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR HEALTH MANPOWFT1 INFORMATION SERIES -Recurring and special publications designed to improve utilizationof health manpower information.

SELECTED TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR PHYSICIAN SUPPORT PERSONNEL

June 1970Revised March 1971

Department of Health, Education, and WelfareNational Institutes of Health

Bureau of Health Manpower EducationDivision of Manpower Intelligence

DREW Publication N . (NIH) 72-183

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The cooperation of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the various programdirectors in making available the information is gratefully acknowledged.

Introduction

Programs for training physician support personnel have greatlyproliferated in the past year. The original compilation of such prog-rams in June 1970 identified 67 programs, 39 of which were describedin detail. Of these 39, 17 required a background in nursing as aprerequisite.

As of March 1, 1971, the cut-off date for the inclusion of newmaterials in this compilation, 125 programs in 35 states have beenidentified as meeting the criteria for inclusion. Of these, 47 extendnursing roles and 78 accept students with Varied qualifications. Atleast 60 programs are presently operational, with about 1,000 studentsin training and an equal number of graduates.

The programs included here are those which we have been able toidentify as of March 1971. An exhaustive survey of such programs iscurrently underway, and the information collected will be included ina futdie-edition of this publication. The Professional RequirementsBrandh would appreciate your help in identifying additional programswhich should be included.

No endorsement or assurance of quality is inferred by the inclusionof programs in the compilation, and accreditation status is not given.Criteria for inclusion of a program in this compilation are:

1. The program is operational, in pilot testing stage, or inadvanced planning, with assurance of financial support,and operation ,

within a year.

2. As of Mardh 1971, accreditation standards dn -tat exist, arebeing developed, or have only recently 'Dec, develc,pF

3. For admission, students must have completed high schmol orits equivalent.and the program provides either:

a. Short- or long-term training to expand the capabilitiesof aprsor;s with-previous health service training and experieR(7e, or

b. Long-term training for persons with no previcus flarmalhealth selrvice training or experience.

4. The resultant health professional would have idenli5icationdifferentiated from traditional health professions as they cu=entlyeist, and would workunder the direction of arphysician or paTsiciansto perform tasks the physician would have to perform in the absence ofthis specially-trained individual-.

Accreitation and Guidelines for Developing Programs

RTograms for (orthopedic assistants continue to be includted in thecompilation, constituting an example of programs for which a=creditation

iv

procedures have recently been developed. The American Academy ofOrthopedic Surgeons, working with the appropriate organizations, hassubmitted materials justifying the development of orthopedic assistantsas a new category of allied health professional. This justificationhas been ac2roved by the American Medical Association (AMA) Council onHealth Manpower, and essentials for training have been developed by theAMA Council on Medical Education. The training programs in San Franciscoand Iowa for orthopedic assistants are prototype programs meeting theestablished requirements. Candidates for training interested in theaccreditation status of orthopedic assistant programs should check withthe program directors or with the AMA Department of Medical Education.

At the present time, the American Urological Association is workinga.-tively with the ANA to establish the mechanisms for accrediting uro-logic assistant training programs.

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Nurses Associ-ation have developed and issued joint guidelines for Pediatric NurseAssociate training programs. Similar negotiations are being carriedout between the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Associ-ation of Medical Assistants with regard to training programs for pediatricassistants. These efforts are being coordinated with the AMA. Personsinterested in training in these categories may seek information abor'the status of a given training program from the program director: t

American Academy of Pediatrics.

The American Society of Internal Medicine, American Academy ofPediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American Collegeof Physicians are currently working with the AMA to develop guidelinesfor assistants to primary care physicians. As of March 1, 1971, however,the details have not been completely developed.

Other organizations whi.Ch have published statements defining typesof physician's assistants include the National Academy of Sciences, theAssociation of American Medical Colleges, and the American HospitalAssociation. The guidelines developed by the ANA Council on Health Man-power for the development of new health occupations were published inthe August 17, 1970 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Associ-ation, and copies are available from the AMA.

For Counsellors and Prospective Students

In view of the rapid developments in this field, persons using informa-tion contained in this compilation for student counselling or for theselection of training opportunity should carefully check the status oftraining standards for the particular category as well as the status of theindividual training program. Prospective students are also advised to befully aware of the legal status of the particular category in their State.To date, at least 6 states have passed legislation enabling physicians, todelegate tasks to physician's aSSistants and other similar personnel'(Aiizona, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, California, and Florida), and atleast 12 others are known to bp considering such legislation

TABLE OF OONTENTS(Alphabetically by State and city)

INTRODUCTION

page

lii

PROGRAMS WITH VARIED ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS -1

ALABAMAMEDEX 3

UEIVErsity of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama

Pathology Assistant 4University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama

Physician's AssistantUniversity of Alabama,

Physician's Assistant,niversity o ama,a

Birmingham, Alabama

Diabetesirming am, Alabama

5

Surgeon's Assistant 7

University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama

CALIFORNIAPediatric AssistingDe Anza Junior College, Cupertino, California

OrthopakAlc AssistantFoothill Junior CETTEge, Los Altos Hills, California

MEDEXtTharles R. Drew Postg-aduate Medical School, Los Angeles, California

Orthopaedic AssistantCity CbIlege of San Francisco, San Francisco, California

COLORADOChild Health AssociateUniversity of Colorado, Denver, Colorado

9

10

11

12

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIACardiovascular Technician 14Washirigfon Hospital Center, Washington, D. C.

GEORGIAMaster Anesthesia Technologist 15Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

Medical Specialty Assistant 16

abry University, Atlanta, Georgia

Pediatric Assistants 17U66-1-tia State University, Atlanta, Georgia

vi

PROGRAMS WITH VARIED ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS (continued) page

KENTUCKYClinical Associate 18University 0± Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky

MICHIGANPhysician's Assistant 19Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan

MINNESOTAPhysician's Associate 20University ot ginnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Urological Assistant 21Veteran's Admdnistration Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota

massouRIPhysician's Assistant 22United States Medical Center, Springfield, Missouri

NEW HAMPSHIREMEDEX 23Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire

NEW YORKMedical Services Associate 24Brooklyn Cumberland-Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York

Orthoptics and Ophthalmic Assistant 26Columbia-Preibyterian Medical Center, New York, New York

Medical Emergency Technician 27ttan ommunity o ege, New York, New York

Marine Physician Assistant 28S. . ervice Hospital, Staten Island, New York

Orthopedic Assistant 29U.S. Public Health Service Hospital, Staten Island, New York

P ;111 ea

NORTH CAROLINAPathology Assistant 30Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Physician's Assistant 31DUke University, Durham, North Carolina

Physician's Assistant 33BETWHYITWIlaaaTir Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

NORTH DAKOTAMEDEXUniversity of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota

8

34

PROGRAMS WITH VARIED ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS (continued)

OHIOSurgical AssistantCincinnati Technical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio

Urological Assistantairversity ot Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

The CorpsmanCleveland Clinic Hbspital, Cleveland, Ohio

Circulation TechnologyOhio State-University, ColuMbus, Ohio

Surgical AssistantCuyahoga Community College, Parma, Ohio

OKLAHOMAPhysician's AssistantUniversity of Oklahoma,

Physician's AssociateUniversity of-Oklahoma,

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

PENNSYLVANIAGraduate 21rt Therapistfrahnemann Medical College,

Mental Health TechnologyHahnemann Medical COI1ege,

Philadelphia,

Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

vii

page

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

44

TEXASClinical Associate 45

University of"Texas, Galveston, Texas

Ophthalmic Assistant 47

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

WASHINGTONMEDEX 48

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

WEST VIRGINIAPhysician's Assistant 49

Alderson-BroaddusbAlege, Philippi, West Virginia

WISCONSINPhysician's Assistant 50

5g-FS-13ir7FITZ7inirF,`Wrshfield, Wisconsin

viii

page

PROGRAMS FOR EXTENDING NURSING ROLES 53

ARIZONAFamily Nurse Practitioner 55

University of Arizona, Tucson .Arizona

CALIFORNIAFamily Health Practitioner 57

University of California, Berkeley, California

Pediatric Nurse Associate 59

Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California

Nursing Peaiatrist 61

ILC.L.A. School of Medicine, Torrance, California

COLORADOPediatric Nurse Practitioner 62

University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado

School Nurse Practitioner 64

University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado

CONNECTICUTPediatric Nurse Associate 65

University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner 66

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

ILLINOISPediatric Nurse Associate 67

Rush Presbyteriar7S77-rae s Hospital

KENTUCKYFamily Nursing Program 68

Frontier NUrsing Service, Wendover, Kentucky

Chicago, Illinois

MAINEPediatric Nurse Associate 70

University of Maine, Portland, Maine

MASSACHUSETTSPediatric Nurse Practitioner 72

Bunker Hill Health Center, Charlestown Massachusetts

MICHIGANPediatric Nurse Practitioner '74

Uayne State University, Detroit Michigan

MISSOURIPediatric Nurse Practitioner ... . . ...... . . .. . ...... . . 75

Washington University, St. rouis, Missouri

ix

PROGRAMS FOR EXTENDING NURSING ROLES (continued) page

NEWYORKNurse Physician Surrogate 77Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

Triage or Screening Professional 78Albert Einstein College of-Medicine, Bronx, New York

Public Health Nurse Practitioner 79Di'. Martin Luther King, Jr. Health Center and MOntefiore Hospital,Bronx, New York

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner 80University ot Rochester, Rochester, New York

OHIOPediatric Nurse Associate 82

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

PENNSYLVANIAIn-Service Education for Ambulatory Pediattic'NurseSt. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia Pennsylvania

_Pediatric Specialist Program for Public Health Nurses 84

Allegheny County-Health-Department, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania

TENNESSEEPediatric'Nurse Clinician 85Unrversity ot Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee

83

TEXASOphthalmic Nursing 87Baylor University, Ebuston Texas

Pediatric Nurse'Prattitioner 00000000 8

jr._S. Aar-Force MedicalCenter; San.Antonio; TeXaS

VIRGINIANurse Clinician 89University oi-Virginia Charlottesville Virginia

PLANNED OR OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS NOT SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL 91

CALIFORNIA

Title Unknown* 91

METETTITERiFF King, Jr. Health Center, Los Angeles, California

* Probably a program for extending nursing roles.

PLANNED OR OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS NOT SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL continued) page

CALIFORNIA (continued)Title Unknown* 91Permanente troup of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

Emergency Service Technician 91Casa Loma College, Pacoima, California

Physician's AssistantMercy Bospital, San Diego, California

Title Unknown*Permanente-Waical Group, San Francisco, California

Nurse 'PractitionerStanford University, Stanford, California

Physician's AssistantaaiirorThd-a_ve/'s-i_ty, Stanford, California

CONNECTICUTSurgical AssistantYale University, New Haven, Connecticut

91

91

92

92

92

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIATitle Unknown* 92

Department of-Health, Washington, D. C.

Physician's Assistant 93

b. C. -eneral Hospital Washington, D. C.

Title Unknown 93

George Washington University Washington, D C .

Ophthalmic Technician 93Georgetown University Hospital Washington, D.

Physician Assistant 93U.S. Department of-Justice, Washington, D. C.

Physician's AssistantWashington Hospital Center, Washington D. C


12

93

xi

PLANNED OR OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS NOT SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL (continued) page

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (continued)Physician's Assistant Cardiology 93

Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D. C.

FLORIDAExpanded NurseUniversity-a-IFlorida, Gainesville, Florida

Professional Assistant and AssociateUniversity of Florida, Gainsville, Florida

Health Care AdministratzrSt. Petersburg Junior Col_ege, St. Petersburg, Florida

93

93

94

GEORG:AAnesthesia Assistant .94

Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia

Physician's Assistant Mental Health 94

Georgia State College, Atlanta, Georgia

94Physician's AssistantMe-dica-T-Calerear riorgia, Augusta, Georgia

ILLINOISTitle Unknown*Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois

94

IOWAOrthopedic Assistant 94

Kirkwood Community College Cedar Rapids, Iowa

Pediatric Clinic Associate 94

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

KANSASTitle Unknown* 93

Uñiverity of Kansas Medical Center,

KENTUCKY.. -Eaectroencephalography TechnicianUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky

Kansas City, Kansas

Radiation DosimetristUniversity of Kentucky

Title Unknown*

Lexington, Kentuc

University a' Kentucicy, Lexington Kentucky


1.3

95

95

95

xi

PLANNED OR OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS NOT SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL continued) page

MARYLANDFamily Health Supervisor 95Jams gopRins University, Baltimore, Maryland

Primary Care Associate*7o s p 1--a.-1:F-.7-1-.vers ty, , Baltimc , r1ry1aid

Community Health Representativen Ian ea ervice, ver pripg,

Title Unknown*University of Maryland, Baltimore, ThIarTlancL

Title UnknownUniversity of Mhryland, Baltimore, Ma:::_riand

MASSACHUSETTSExpanded-NurseDostanliospital for Women, Boston, nlassachustts

Surgical Assistant 96Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mhssachusetts

95

95

95

96

96

MINNESOTA'Title Unknown* 961:.:EiVers rETET Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

MISSOURIPhysician Assistant 96Medical Administrative Officer, Springfield, Missouri

NEBRASKATitle Unknown 96

University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska

NEW MEXICOFamily Nurse Practitioner 96

UFITWETE715:177aFTETITETAlbuquerque, New Mexico

NEW YORK.'

Baccalo:uteato Progtam in HealthAdministr'8tirm.Ithaca tollege, Ithaca, New York

Physician's Assistant 97Montefiore York 1Tew York

Title Unknown* 97NE-SITIFTEEHbol of Medicine, New York, New York

Title Unknown* 97ReiTOTY-771.ty Department of Health, NW York New York


1 4

PLANNED OR OPERATIONAL PROGRNMS NOT SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL (continued) page

NEW YORK (continued)Cardiopulmonary Technician 97

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York

NORTH CAROLINATitle Unknown* 97

Rugional Medical Program, Durham, North Carolina

OHIOAnesthesia AssistantCase-WesfeTh Reserve

Nurse PractitionerCleveland Department

University, Cleveland, Ohio

of Health, Cleveland, Ohio

9 7

98

OKLAHOMAPhysician's Assistant 98

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma

OREGONFamily Physician's Assistant 98

University of Oregon, Portland, Oregon

PENNSYLVANIAHealth DepattMent'Nurse 98

1513Mde1DeVartment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Title Unknown* 98

University of Pennsylvania Hcspital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Emergency Medical Technician 98

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania

TENNESSEEFamily Nurse Practitioner"7571-iaZiETITINiivers3-7-1ty,Tishville Tennessee

TEXASTitle,UnknownEICaffoinnege, Dallas, Texas

98

UTAHNEDEX 99

TETEYinountain Regional Medical Program, Salt Lake City Utah

WASHINGTON'Cardiopulmonary.TeChnician . . ... ...........

Spokane Community:College, Spokane; Washington


....... 99

xiv

PLANNED OR OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS NOT SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL (cantinuedj page

WISCONSINTitle Unknown*

99University OFWisconsin, Madison:, Wisconsin

SELECTED REFERENCES 101

Probably a Program for extending nuring roles,

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:

University of Alabama Medical Center1919 Seventh Avenue SouthBirmingham,TAlabama 35233

William Harlan, M.D.Assistant Dean, Division of Family Practice and

Ambulatory Medicine

MEDEX

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Operational

CURRICULUM: This is a one-year program consisting of alternatingperiods in didactic studies and clinical experiencewith a preceptor. Students are pre-matched witha preceptor before entering the program.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED: Certificate

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: Former Independent duty-level corpsmen arepreferred.

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED: 20

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: None to date.

4

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT:

CURRICULUM:

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE AWARDED:

ENTRANCE REQUIRENENTS:

NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED:

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED:

University of Alabama at BirminghamMedical CenterSchool of Community and Allied Health Resources1919 Seventh Avenue SouthBirmingham, Alabama 35233

James W. Truelove, M.D.Acting Assistant DirectorSchool of Health Services AdministrationUniversity of Alabama

Beulah M. Hathaway, M.D.Chief, Anatomic PathologyBirmingham Veteran's Administration Hospital700 19th Street SauthBirmingham, Alabama 35233

Pathology Assistant

Operational

The one-year course of study connists of aprogram of both didactic lectures and a clinicalexperience. Courses include anatomy, biology,chemistry, medical terminology, photography,histology, and cytology. There are plans toexpand the program to two years in the nearfuture, to enable students to receive a13S. degree.

Certificate

TWo years of college or the equivalent arepreferred.

3 (There are plans to expand to 10)

1

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULIJM:

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED:

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS:

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED:

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUNTED:

5

University of Alabama Medical Center1919 Seventh Avenue SouthBirmingham, Alabama 35233

William Harlan, M.D.Associate Dean, Division of Family

Practice and Ambulatory Medicine

Physician's Assistant

Operational

The 24-month program is divided into 2 parts--didactic and clinical. The didactic portionconsists of three phases: Introductory Phase(S weeks)- courses include history, philosophyethics of medicine, medical terminology,chemistry, medical microbiology, laboratorymedicine, animal experimentation and surgery,and data processing; Core Phase (22 weeks)-anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology,behavioral sciences; Final Phase (6 weeks) -patient evaluation and diagnosis, electrocar-diography, growth and development, radiology,and dentistry.

The 9 month didactic period is followed by11 months of required clinical rotations inmedical outpatient, general surgery, obstetricsand gynecology, and pediatrics, and 4 monthsof elective rotations in cariology, endocrinology,gastroenterology, nephrology, neurology,rheumatology, dermatology, orthopedics urology,and radiology.

Certificate

Students with 2 years of college, primarily inthe biological sciences, are preferred; studentsshould have previous experience in the healthfield, with at least one year involving extensivedirect patient care.

12

Nbne to date

6

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:




NUNMER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED:

University of AlabamaBrimingham, Alabama

Buris Boshell, M.D.Diabetes Trust Fund2117 8th Avenue SouthBirmingham, Alabama 35233

Physician's Assistant, Diabetes

Operational

The training period consists of one year ofdidactics, and one year of clinical experiencein the hospital. Details are available fromthe institution upon request.

Certificate

High School graduates, preferable with a sciencebackground.

12

None to date.

2 1

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:


NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED:-.

7

University of Alabama at BirminghamMedical CenterSchool of Health Services Administration1919 Seventh Avenue SouthBirmingham, Alabama 35233

Margaret K. Kirklin, M.D.

Surgeon's Assistant

Operational

The two-year program combines studies inall aspects of surgery including pathology,pharmacology, history taking, and physicalexaminations with an equal amount of timedevoted to clinical experience.

A Certificate is awarded.

Two years of college, with emphasis inthe basic sciences, and an individualevaluation by the admissions committee.


8

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:

STAGE OF DEVELOPNENT:

CURRICULUM:





De Anza CollegeFoothill Community College District21250 Stevens Creek Blvd.Cupertino, California 95014

Nathan H. Boortz, Ed.D.

Mrs. Eloise Hansen

Pediatric Assisting

Operational

The two-year program is an option of thetwo-year Medical Assisting Curriculum offeredat De Anza College. Pediatric Assistingmajors will have courses emphasizing pedi-atrics. Medical Assisting courses includeanatomy and physiology, effective communications,-medical terminology, microbiology, first aid,clinical techniques, office management,general psychology, and a number of others.The pediatric portion consists of coursesin conutton childhood diseases and prevention,pediatric test methods and procedures, immunologyand microbiology, and externship. At thepresent, a summer session is required ofstudents in the program in addition to theusual 2-year Medical Assisting program.

A.A. Degree (Associate of Arts)

Completion of the Medical Assisting CurriculUmand staff recommendation. Applicants tothe Medital Assisting Program must meet theregular requireMents for entry intODe Anza college.

Pmticipate 10-15 per year

None to date.

INSTITUTION:

9

Foothill CollegeFoothill Community College District12345 El Monte AvenueLos Altos Hills, California 94022

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Nathan H. Boortz, Ed.D.Mrs. Nary McLanathan

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

Orthopaedic Assistant

Operational

This is a two year program with courses inanatomy and physiology, biochemistry, physicialtherapy, patient service and emergency roomtechniques, Microbiology, orthopaedic diseasesand injuries, general psychology and businessand industrial psychology, political Science,operating room tecimiques, prosthetics andorthotics, and several other courses. The

program is one of a number of programs offeredby the college.in health careers. A total of96'credits are required.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE AWARDED: Associate of Arts Degree (A-A.)

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: High School diploma; High School Algebra orMath 101; High School Biology or Biology 10.Former military corpsmen are preferred.


NUNBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED: None to date.

10

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





Charles, R. Drew Postgraduate Medical SchoolLos Angeles, California

M. Alfred Haynes, M.D., ChairmanDepartment of Community Medicine

Address correspondence to:Director, MEDEX1635 East 103rd StreetSuite 206Los Angeles, California 90002

Operational

After training at the medical school for threemonths, the Medex is assigned for a year to apreceptor who is a physician in general practice.For these twelve months, he assists the physicianby learning and applying primary care skillsunder his close supervision.

Certificate indicating completion of the MEDEXtraining program.

Former medical corpsmen trained to a level ofindependent performance.

20

None to date.

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:




NUNBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED:

11

City College of San Francisco50 Phelan AvenueSan Francisco, California 94102

Mr. Jules FradenDean of Instruction

F. Richard Schneider, M.D.Clinical Director

Orthopaedic Assistant

OperatimaL

The prog.LEILaiof instruction covers a periodof two ye,-Th and consists of four 15-weeksemesten. Ihe curriculum includes coursesin the ±..7.:Llowing core areas: (1) healthservice (L=5 hours) (2) orthopaedic assistinz,(850 holml _and (3) general education (375hours). Emluded are:instruction in patientcare ane:-..L:aff relationships, anatomvandphysiology, emergency roam techniques, castand traction application, office procedure andcare of supplies and equipment, orientation tophysical therapy, orientation to prostheticsand orthotics, and operating room techniques.

The two-year course will also include practicalexperience as orthopaedic assistants in 8affiliated hospitals and in orthopaedicsurgeons' offices.

A.A. degree. Certification will initiallybe carried out by the accredited OrthopaedicAssisting program until certificationguidelines will be developed by a Board ofOrthopaedic Assistants.

Preferably a high school education or itsequivalent. Adults with a 10th or llthgrade reading level and medical corpsmenwill also be considered.

1969 25 Students Enrolled1970 25.Students Ernolled

None to date. 20 students will graduatein June, 1971.

12

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

University of ColoradoSchool of Medicine4200 East Ninth AvenueDenver, Colorado 80220

Henry K. Silver, M.D.Chairman, Department of Pediatrics

James A. Hecker, M.D.

John E. Ott, M.D.

PROGRAM TITLE: Child Health Associate Program


CURRICULUM: Child Health Associates will complete tgo(or more) years of work in an undergraduatecollege or university hefore entering theprogram; this won3,1 be -lollowed by a two-year course of instruction at the Universityof Colorado Medical Center in Denver and aone-year internship. As undergraduates,students will take a course similar tothat taken by premedical students. Thecurriculum for the first of the two yearsat the medical center would consist principallyof study in the basic sciences, while thesecond year would be primarily a clinicalexperience on the pediatric wards, in thenurseries, in the outpatient department, aswell as in various community facilities. Theclinical year would be followed by an intern-ship of 12 months.

The student would be able to care for almostall the problems of well children as wellas most of those with mild disease states(80% of the children seen in a medicalpractice fall in these categories). Withinestablished Units, the associate would bequalified in diagnose, coungel, and prescribein both health and sickness.


B.A. degree from the University of Colorado.Certification by the Colorado State Board ofMedical Examiners.

1

University of ColoradoSchool of .11dicine

ENTRANCE RBQUIREMENTS:

13

Completion of 60 semester hours or 90quarter hours in an accredited collegeor university. Candidates must havesuccess±ully completed 8 semester hourseach of general chemistry, psychology andbiology, and a one-year course in EnglishLiteratuae. In special circumstances,substitutes for the above requirementsmay be made.

NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED: 23

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: Nbne to-date

14

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

P'ZOGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:




NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED:

Washington Hospital Center110 Irving Street, N.W.Washington, D.C. 20310

James M. Bacos,Chief of Cardiolog;:

Cardiovascular Tec:inician Trainang 'i7-27ogram

Operational

The 18-week program concentrates on givingbackground and clinical experience in thecardiovascular field. With the training, thetrainee should be sufficiently well ve,rsed tobe able to step into one of several rJles inthe cardiovascular field, working under thesupervision of a knowledgeable physLcian. Hewill complement the work of the nurses, workparallel to them, and relieve them Df some oftheir non-nursing tasks.

The caurse is divided into two phases: Phase Iconsists of five weeks of formal lectures, labo-ratories, and demonstrations, with ample time forinformal discussions with the instructors. Phase2 consists of rotations through various clinicalareas, arranged to give opportunity for practicalapplication of the didactic material. During thisphase, four days per week are spent in the clinicalareas and lectures are continued on the remainingday.

Information not available

High school graduate and experience in any medicalarea involving patient care.



INSTITELIa: Emory UniversitySchool of btdicineAtlanta, Georgia 30322

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: John E. Stein:haus, M.D.Professor and ChairmanDepartment of Anesthesiology

PROGRAM TITLE: Master Anesthesia Technologist AnExperimental Study

STAGE DT DEVELOPNENT: This is an experimental program fortraining technological assistants foranesthesiologists.

CURRICULUM: Nine months didactic training devoted.-to applied physiology and electronicinstrumentation.

Twelve months clinical training withemphasis on instrument operation andcardio-respiratory support.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED: Master of Health




Bachelor's Degree

None to date.

3 0

15

16

1Ngt_La._._

PROGENd

PROG1A14 _ALE:

STAGE IEVELOPAENT:

CURRIC:-7--

DEGREE...CI CERTIFICATEAW 'AMOS


NUMBER CP-STUDENTSENROLL

NUMER F ',STUDENTSGRAPUML:

Grady Memorial Hospital80 Butler Street, S.E.Atlanta, Georgia 30303

E. Alan Paulk, M.D.

Medical Specialty Assistant

Operational

The two year Program is designed to trainexperts in the practical and technical as-pects of patient care in the areas of Medi-cal Intensive, Coronary, Respiratory, andEmergency Care. The fimt nine months con-sist entirely of didactic courses in Anatomyand Physiology, chemistry, medical terminology,medical physics, pharmacology, drug math, in-troduction to the study of disease, ICU tech-niques, and laboratory techniques. Duringthe remaining fifteen months, students receiveclinical experience in Coronary, Respiratory,and Medical Intensive Care Units and EmergencyClinics to supplement classroom lecture oncardiovascular disease, medical electronics,cardiovascular instrumentation, cardiac auscul-tation, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiovascularhistory and physical, respiratory disease,pulmonary function testing, history and physical,respiratory therapy, management of medical emer-gencies and management of surgical emergencies.

Certification as a Medical Specialty Assistantfrom Grady Memorial Hospital.

1. High school graduate.2. At least two years as a corpsman in the armed

service or similar experience in the healthfield.

3. Scholastic Aptitude Test scores.4. Completed application, three personal refer-

ences, and high school and any collegetranscripts.

4

31

INSTITUEON:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:


ENTRANCE RBQUIREMENTS:



17

Georgia State UniversitySchool of Allied Health Sciences33 Gilmer StreetAtlanta, Georgia 30303

J. Rhodes Haverty, M.D.Dean, School of Allied Health Sciences

Pediatric Assistants

Gperational

The program is 21 mohths in length(7 quarters), and combines an academiccurriculum with practical experienceobtained in a clinical setting. Coursesinclude biology, English, mathematics,microbiology, sociology, allied healthsciences, pediatrics, pharmacology, andhistory.

Associate Degree

In addition to meeting the admissionsrequirements of Georgia State University,it is advisable the students have completedone unit in chemistry and one unit in typing.

8

None to date

18

INSTITUTION: Albert B. Chandler Medical CenterCollege of Allied Health ProfessionsUniversity of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky 40506

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Dr. Joseph Hamburg,Dean, College of Allied Health Professions

PROGRAM TITLE: The Clinical Associate

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Planning (Hope to be operational 9/71)

CURRICULUM: The curriculum, width is still in theplanning stages, is aimed at teachingboth the "how" and "why" of performingduties. The 2-year course will consistof one year of clAssroom work and oneyear in a. closely-supervised preceptorship.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATEANARDED: Associate Degree



NUMBER . OF STUDENTSGRADUATED:

33

A high school diploma.

Anticipate 20

None to date

!p'

,

1

,DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE AWARDED: B.A. (The M.A. degree will be awarded to stu-

dents who receive an additional year ofspecialty training.)

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: Students will be accepted into the programafter completion of two years of collegestudy.

19

INSTITUTION: Western Michigan UniversityWest Michigan AvenueKalamazoo, Michigan 49001

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Dr. George MallinsonDean Graduate School

PROGRAM TITLE: Physician's Assistant

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Planning

CURRICuLUM: This will be a three-year program of medicalstudy. The students will be trained to fillin the gap in the "medical pyramid" betweenthe physician and the technician.

The program will be open-ended so that studentscould go on to earn a medical doctor's degreeif they choose.

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED: None to date.

NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED: None to date.

20

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





Department of Family Practice & Community HealthUniversity of NdnnesotaHealth Sciences CenterMinneapolis, Minnesota 55455

John Verby, M.D.

Physician's Associate

Planning

This is a scholarship program -.hereby third yearmedical students will be pro..:1_:,d an opportunityto associate themselves with selected physiciansor groups of physicians in non-metropolitan areasin the state. The students will associate them-selves intimately with the preceptors, partici-pating in all aspects of patient care in home,office, and hospital. Two quarters of creditwill be given for this work. Students may electto.remain in the physician's associate statusfor aA)eriod of up to five years before re-twning to the medical school.

Two quarters of credit will be earned, to beapplied to the medical degree.

Students will be selected from the incomingclass.Of the medical school on the basis ofapplication and other indications of genuinecysire.:to eventually practice in a small.community. Students in their second year mayalso be_selected.

None to date

None to date:

INSTITUTION:

21

Veterans Administration Hospital54th Street and 48th Avenue SuathMinneapolis, Minnesota 55417

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Clyde E. Blackard, M.D.Chief of Urology

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

Russell Church, R.N.Course Director

Urological Assistant

Operational

The 12-month program encompasses at least250 hours of formal classroom lectures,demonstrations and quizzes. Emphasis will beplaced on: 1. Anatomy and physiology of thegenito-urinary tract; 2. Catheterization; 3.Urological instruments; 4. Urological radi-ographic techniques; 5. Urological procedures;6. The urological patient.

CERTIFICA1E OR DEGREE AWARDED: Certificate

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: 1 1/2 years of experience as a nursing assistantor its equivalent in such paramedical fields as:Laboratory Service, Physicial Medicine andRehabilitation, or Radiology.

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED: Information not available

NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED: Information not available

22

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





Tranining Center for Physician AssistantsUnited States Medical CenterSpringfield, Missouri

Robert L. Brutsche,Medical DirectorFederal Bureau of PrisonsUnited States Department of JusticeWashington, D.C. 20537

Physician Assistant Training Program

Operational

The curriculum is provided in a basic trainingprogram and in an advanced training program.The objectives are to provide the student withthe necessary background for screening patients,the methodology for initiating appropriatedifferential diagnostic procedures, the appre-ciation for compliance with guidelines regardingthe scope of participation, and to provide himwith cross-training in laboratory, radiology,pharmacy, Aursing, physicial therapy, surgicalassistance, dental assistance, safety andsanitation. Training is provided for state andlocal prisons and non-prison systems when space isavailable. The basic trainihg program includestwo quarters of lectures (374 hours) and on-the-job training (346 hours). The advanced trainingprogram includes review, on-the-job training, andobservation.

A certificate is granted from the Bureau ofPrisons.

1. Experience in the health field at thelevel attained by military corpsman;

2. High school diploma or equivalent;3. Final acceptance requires a security

clearance.

8 men enrolled.

4 graduates; 2 assistants from state prisonshave trained for one quarter.

23

INSTITUTION: Dartmouth Medical School

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Nicholas Danforth, M.D.Directo'Nugget Arcade, P.O. Box 146Hanover, New Hampshire 03755

PROGRAM TITLE: MEDEX

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENi: Operational

CURRICULUM: The training is divided into two phases:(1) Three months of university training withemphasis on the transition from militarymedicine to civilian medicine. Physicianpreceptors will be among those participatingin the university training portion of theprogram; (2) Twelve months of practicaltraining under the guidance of preceptors.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE AWARDED: Certificate

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: Former military corpsmen o have served onindependent duty or have received advancedtraining qualifying them for independent duty,having formal medical training ranging from640 to 1,900 hours.


NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED: None to date

24

INSTITUTION:

PROGRNg DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURICULUM:



Brooklyn-Cumberland Medical Center andLong Island University, Brooklyn Campus121 DeKald AvenueBrooklyn, New York 11201

Arnold Lewis, M.D.

Medical Services Associate Program

Presently a pilot project with "seed" moneyfor the training of classes of 24 studentsfor the next three years. The first class of24 students started on February 2, 1970.

Medical services associates will train fortwo years, year round, to prepare them toassist physicians in general practice, andin the areas of general internal medicine andsurgery. The program will include didacticcourses in the basic.concepts of human anatomy,physiology, pathology, pharmacology, English,mathematics, sociology, psychology, medicalethics, and medical terminology. Each parti-cipant will be exposed to approximately one addedyear of clinical experience working in the medicalcare areas of the Brooklyn-Cumberland MedicalCenter. They will be taught to take routineparts of medical histories, perform physicalexaminations, participate in and assist withprocedures performed by the physician, assistat operations, review the patients' charts forroutine procedures and spot-check developmentsin the course of the disease process in eachindividual patient.

The first students will be granted a jointBrooklyn-Cumberland Medical Center/Long IslandUniversity certificate. Degree granting programsat both the A.A.S. and B.S. levels areplanned.

Candidates are recruited predominantly from theFort Greene/Bedford-Stuyvesant area of Brooklyn.Both recently discharged medical corpsman andhigh sChool graduates or the equivalent will beselected from those expressing a desire to enterthe health field and who have exhibited academicand personal qualities indicating motivation and

Brooklyn-Cutberland Medical Center andLong Island University, Brooklyn Campus


NUn3ER OF STUDENTSGRADUKED:

25

capacity for success. Although academic achieve-ment tests will be given, primary emphasis willbe given to a personal interview with evidence ofmotivation and psychological adaptabilitystressed.

24 students will be enrolled for each of thefirst three classes.

None to date

40

INSTITUTION: School for Orthoptists and Ophthalmic AssistantsBox 1, Edward S. Harkness Eye InstituteColumbia-Presbyterian Medical Center63S West 165th StreetNew York, New York 10032

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Philip Knapp, M.D.

PROGRAM TITLE: Orthoptics and Ophthalmic Assisting

STAGE CF DEVELOPMENT: Operational

CURRICULUM: Training consists of a total of 18 months. Atwo month basic course is offered by the AmericanOrthoptic Council. This course consists oflectures in such subjects as optics, neurology,and eye anatomy, given in the summer at variousuniversities around the country, currently atthe University of Iowa. Sixteen months oflectures and clinical training are given in theDepartment of Ophthalmology of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.

CERTIFICATE OR DEGREE AWARDED: Certificate from Presbyterian Hospital;certificate awarded by the American OrthopticCouncil upon successful passing of written,oral, and practical examination.

'ENTRANCE REQUIRENENTS: At least 2 years of college are required;preference is given to college graduates.Applicants must have taken or plan to take thetwo-month basic course offered by the AmericanOrthoptic Council.

NUNBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED: 4

NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED: None to date

4 1

INSHTUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRJCULUg:


ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTL::



27

New York City Borough of Manhattan CommunityCollege

C14 University of New YorkDivision of Health Services134 West 51st StreetNew York, New York 10020

Blanche R. Reid, Ph.D.Head, Health Services Division

Professor Franklin Fitz

Medical Emergency Technicians

Operational

Students are trained in emergency techniquesfor working on ambulances or in emergencydepartments.Curriculum for the first year includes Englishcomposition, sociology, mathematics, anatomyand physiology, developmental psychology,general biology, and medical emergencytechniques. Second year curriculum includessocial problems, microbiology, speech, con-versational Spanish, music or art, and emergencymedical techniques. Students have spent timealternating between the intensive care unitand emergency room at Poly Clinic andRoosevelt Hospital. They also spend same timein the communications section at the PoliceDepartment.

A.A.S. Degree (Associate in Applied Sciences)

High School diploma or equivalent; at leastone year of high school science or ex-perience as a military corpsman is preferred.

48

23

42

28

INSTITOTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





Marine Physician's Assistant Tlaining SchoolU.S. Public Health Service HospitalStaten Island, New York 10304

Mr. James HensleyDirector of Training

Mr. Ronald HaberbergerDirector, Clinical Education

Marine Physician Assistant Training School

Operational

Students are trained to meet medical emergencies,both medical and supportive, with knowledgeand independent judgement. The program consistsof about 660 instructional hours and 470 hoursof practical experiences. The nine-month trainingincludes basic instruction to prepare thephysician assistant in the absence of thephysician aboard ship, to meet medical emergencieswith knowledge and independent judgement. Theprogram includes courses in anatomy and physiology,environmental health and preventive medicine,medical and surgical conditions, patient care,pharmacology, clinical laboratory, first aid,and practical experience in surgical techniques.

Each student receives a certificate issuedby the Public Health Service and a licensefrom the U.S. Coast Guard, to work onlArchant Marine ships.

High school diploma or equivalent; formermilitary corpsmen preferred.

39

112

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

DEGPFE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED:




29

U.S. Public Health Service HospitalStaten Island, New York 10304

Mr. James HensleyDirector of Training

Orthopedic Assistant

Will be Operational in September, 1971.

The general education core consists ofcourses in English, mathematics, hygiene,social sciences, physical education, andelectives. The health service core includesbiology, advanced safety service, andtechniques of patient care. The orthopedicassistant core consists of emergency roomtechniques, introduction to physical therapy,cast and traction application, orthopedicdiseases and injuries, office proceduresand care of supplies and equipment, operatingroom techniques, and principles of prostheticsand orthotics. The degree requires a totalof 66 credits. The two-year course will alsoinclude practical experience as assistant to'Athopedic surgeons in several affiliatedhospitals.

A.A.S. Degree from community college

A high school diploma or its equivalent isrequired. The program is directly aimed atrecruiting returning veterans who have hadsoge paramedical experience in the militaryservices and who are not being absorved bycivilian facilities. In addition, undereAployedindividuals from the communtiy will be considered.

50 will be in first class

None to date.

44

30

INSTITUTIONS:

P1GGRN4 DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:




NIMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED:

DUke University Medical CenterDepartment of Pathology

and

Veteran's Administration HospitalDepartment of PathologyDurham, North Carolina 27706

Kenneth A. BrodaTeaching Supervisor

Pathology Assistant Program

Operational

The program length varies from one to twoyears, depending on the student's pasteducation, experience and progress. Thefirst six months are devoted to instruc-tional classroom and laboratory work; theremainder of the course to practical ex-perience in the Department of Pathologyand various allied departments. Classesbegin in June of each year. Lectures andlaboratories cover such subjects as humananatomy and physiology, histology, bacteri-ology, pathology, radiologic technique, andphotography. The practical rotation periodsare in the autopsy suite, histology, bacteri-ology and photography.

Certificate from Duke University and theVeteran's Administration Hospital

Selection of students will be made from thefoY.owing:

1. Graduate (or equivalent) of a four-yearaccredited college.

2. Graduate (or equivalent) of a juniorcollege with academic studies.

3. High School graduate with at least twoyears of experience as a hospital corps-man. An aptitude test is required of theprospective student.

4

3

45

INSTITUTION: Duke University School of MedicineP.O. Box 2914 CHSDurham, North Carolina 27706

31

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: D. Rabert Howard, M.D.Department of Community Health Sciences

PROGRAM TITLE: Physician's Assistant


CURRICULUM: The educational curriculum covers a periodof 24 months. The preclinical portion coversan academic period of 36 weeks and is dividedinto three phases rather than two semesters.The first and third phases are eaCh sixweeks in duration and the second phase, twenty-four weeks. The first phase includes coursesin the history, philosophy, and ethics ofmedicine, basic clinical laboratory, Medicalterminology, Chemistry, animal experimentation,and community health. The second phase includesmicrobiology, anatomy, physiology, biology,pharmacology, physical evaluation, diagnosticprocedures; animal surgery, and clinicalpsyChiatry. The third phase includeselectrocardiology, radiology, data praceSsingand patient eVaIuation.

The clinical curricUlUnLof fifteen monthsconsists:of nine months of required rotations,and six months of eleCtive rotations. It isduring thiS aspect ofthe training program;thatthe student is expecte& to develop expertise inthe application of his preclinlcal learning. Areascovered are general medicine, pediatrics, surgery,internal medicine, allergy and respiratorydisease, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology,gastroenterology, hemotology, hyperbaric medicine,industrial medicine, nephrology, neurology,radiOlogy, neurosurgery, ophthalmology,orthOpaedic surgery, otolarynology, plasticsurgery, and urology.

4

32

Duke University School of Medicine

DEGREE OR CERTIFICAlhAWARDED:



A "Physician's Assistant" Certificate forcompletion of the "-year programLa B.S.degree plus certification after 4- yearsof training.

1. A high School diploma or its equivalent2. Experience of at least 2 yeaz-s in the

health field (suCh as corpsman, LPN).

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: 36

47

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

DEGREE OR CERTIFICA1EAWARDED:


33

Bowman Gray School of MedicineWake Forest UniversityDivision Of Allied Health ProgramsWinston-Salem, North Carolina 27103

Leland E. Powers, M.D.Director, Division of Allied Health Programs

Katherine H . Anderson , M. D.

Physician's Assistant Training Program(includes training in specialty areas)

Operational

The 24-month program is divided intothree phases: Phase 1--A, basic course inclinical and bioscience principles, requiredof all students (..6 months). .

Phase II - intenSive training in the specialtytasks of the student's choice (( months).Phase III supervised practice in th r! hospital,clinics, and.in private practitioners'offices.(12. Months).

For students with less than 3 years of collegecredits, a certificate will be issued. Forstudents with 3 years of college upon enteringthe program, a B.S degree is Awarded.

High school and 2 years of college credit,or training and 3 years of experience as,a medical corpsman. Minimum S.A-T.score of 800.



48

34

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:




NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATFD:

University of North DakotaSchool of MedicineGrand Forks, North Dakota 58201

Gerald Bassett, M.D.Professor, DepartMent of Community Medicine

MEDEX

Operational

After training at the medical school for threemonths, the Mede)c is assigned for a year to apreceptor who is a physician in general practice.For these twelve Months, he assists the physicianby learning and 0.pplying primary care skills underhis close supervision.

Certificate indicating completion of the MEDEXtraining program.

Former medical corpsmen trained to a level ofindependent performance,

18

Noae to daie.

INSTITUTION: Cincinnati TeChnical Institute3520 Central ParkwayCincinnati, Ohio 45223

in conjunction with:Good Samaritan HospitalDeaconess HospitalSt. Francis Hospital

35

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Mrs. Nancy Walters, DirectorDepartment of Health Technologies

PROGRAM TITLE: Surgical Assistant


CURRICULUM: The two-year course includes five 10-weekterms per year. Students alternate termsbetween formal didactic courses at theCincinnati TeChnical Institute and clinicalexperiences in the cooperating hospitals.The first didactic term includes courses inchemistry, anatomy and physiology, laboratorytechniques, medical profession, and .surgery.The second didactic term includes courses incommunications, mathematics, chemistry, ana-tomy and physiology, and surgery. The thirddidactic term includes communications, mathe-matics, anatomy and physiology, pharmacologyand microbiology.- The fourth includes techni-cal writing, economics, sociology, pathology,and surgical assisting; and the last didacticterm includes speaking techniques,- human rela-tions, physics, emergency procedures, pathology,and a-Surgical seminar. The clinical experiencesare varied in order to give students a varietyof experiences.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE AWARDED: A.A. degree


NUMBER OF STMENTS ENROLLED:

NUKBER OF ,IUDENTS GRADUATED:

Students must be high school graduates, andhave satisfactory recommendations, acceptablescores on entrance examinations, and physicalqualifications necessary for performance ofsurgical duties. A. personal 1, terview is alsorequired.

ApproximatL-Ly 24

None to date

36

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTCR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





University of Cincinnati Medical CenterDivision of Urology3231 Burnet AvenueCincinnati, Ohio 45229

Arthur T. Evans, M.D.Professor and DirectorDivision of Urology

Urologic Physician's Assistant

Operational

The first nine months of this 2-year programare devotod primarily to didactic instruction.During three 12-week quarters, students takethe following clinically-oriented courses:biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, micro-biology, pathology, pharmacology, patientevaluation and diagnosis, urological evaluationand diagnosis, urology, and the history andethics of medicine.

The last 15 months are devoted to clinicalinstruction in urology and closely relatedfields. Students spend time in the endoscopicsuite, the urologic in-patient and out-patientservices, and surgery, and may elect rotationson certain related services or in a privateurologic practice per arrangement with thedirector.

Urologic Physician's Assistant Certificate

1. A high school diploma2. At least 3 years of medical experience

or 2 years of college3. Submission of scores on the Scholastic

Aptitude 7:7t4. Submissi;:a of all academic records at

-Lne high school levcq and beyondS. Two ietters-of recommendation from medical

supervisors or academic instructors

Exceptions may be made in unusual cases.

13

None'to date

31

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:

STAGE OF EEVELOPMENT:

CURRICULUM:





37

Cleveland Clinic Hospital2050 East 93rd StreetCleveland, Ohio 44106

Mr. James E. ZuckerAssistant Administrator

The Corpsman

Operational

The one year progr6m combines both didacticstudies and clinical experience, primarilyin the intensive care areas, with theultimate goal of providing an individualwith tecTanical and patient care skills whichsupplement those of physicians, nurses, andvarious teChnicians.

Courses to be taken at Cuyahoga CommunityCollege include Principles of MedicalScience, and Microbiology. Instruction willalso be given in inhalation therapy, Chestphysiotherapy, radiolpgy, electrocardiography,,and medical instrumentation.

The program isospital and institution-oriented.

The Cleveland Clinic Educational Foundationand the alyahoga Community College willaward a joint Certificate to each corpsman.

Medical corps experience in the militaryservice or three years of hospitalexperience, high school graduation or itsequivalent, and satisfactory performanceon the ACT (American 2ollege Test).

10-15 in each class--two classes per year,beginning in January and July.

Information not available.

38

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:

STATE OF DEVELOPNENT:

CURRICULUM:


ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS;

NUMBER STUDENTS INVOLVED:

NUMBER STUDENTS GRADUATED:

The Ohio State JaiversityCollege of Medik-i,-School of Allied Medical Professions410 West 10th AwnueColumbus, Ohio 43210

James P. Dearing, B.S.Associate Director

Circulation Technology

Operational

The program involves four years in time. Thefirst two years are,on the preprofessional levelcompleting basic University requirements for abaccalaureate degree and certain prerequisitecourses for the program. The last two yearsare in the professional division completing spec-ific courses in Circulation Technology relatingto the physiology, anatomy, pathology, andengineering aspects of hemodialysis, heart/lungbypass, research and medical instrumentation.During the fourth, or senior year, the studentsparticipate in the clinical open/heart and hemo-dialysis programs and also critique and designresearch projects for the advancement of thetechnology.

Bachelor of Science in Allied Health Professionswith a major in Circulation Technology.

1. High School degree or equivalent2. Two years preprofessional education at an

accredited college or university includingcertain prerequisite courses

3. Application including personal intkrview

12

None to date.First class of six graduates to graduate inJune, 1971.

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:

STAGE OF DP-VELMENT:

CURRICULUM:


ENTRANCE REQUIRUffr.NTS:



39

Cuyahoga Community College7300 York RaodParma, Ohio 44130

Jim BurnetteAssistant Director of Technical Education

Surgical Assistant

Operational

This is a two r program. Coursesinclude English, Biology, Health Technology,Medical Assisting Technology, SurgicalAssisting, Social Sciences, and Humanities.Surgical Assisting courses involve bothlecture and clinical experience.

Associate in Science Degree

High school graduates may apply. Personswithout a high-school diploma may applyand demonstrate aptitude for college-levelinstruction by completing the GED high schoolequivalency examination which is adminsteredby the college.

None to date.

40

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:

STAGE 01' DEVELOPNENT:

CURRICULUM:

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE


NUMBER OF STUEENTS ENROLLED:

NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRALjATED:

University of Oklahoma School of NbdicineDepartment of Community Health800 Northeast 13th StreetOklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104

Dr. Tom Lynn, ChairmanDepartment of Community Health


Planning

This is to be a one-year program. Studentswould spend 6 months in didactic traini-igat the university and 6 months wl-":h a phy-sician preceptor in a rural area.

None

Students must have past experience asindependent duty corpsmen in the armed forces.

None to date (estimate 6-12 per class).

None to date.

INSTITUTION:

41

University of Oklahoma School of MedicineDepartment of Community Health800 Northeast 13th StreetOklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Dr. Tom Lynn, ChairmanDepartment of Community Health

PROGRAM TITLE: Physician's Associate


CURRICULUM: This is a 2-year program. Students spe::.:.1

ten months studying at the medical center and14 months in clinical experiences at theAfeteran's Administration Hospital.

DEGREE OR CERTIFJCATE AWARDED: Bachelor of Health Degree

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: Students must have at least 60 hours ofcollege credits upon entering and at leasttwo years of experience in direct patientcontact.

NUMBER. OF STUDENTS ENROLLED: 7

NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED: None to date.

42

INSTITUTION: Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital230 North Broad StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19102

PROGRNM DIRECTORS: Myra Levick, M.Ed., A.T.R.Paul Jay Fink, M.D.

PROGRAM TITLE: Graduate Psychiatric Art Therapists

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: This program is in its fourth year.

CURRICULUM: This program_ consists of 2 parts. The firstis an 11 month internship, which is based ona 40 hour week, and two 5 1/2 month clinicalrotons. The week is divided into approxi-mately 15 hours in didactic lectures, 18 hoursclinical experience, 1 hour individual super-vision with a psychiatrist on the staff, 1 hourindividual supervisionwith an art therapist onthe staff, and 1 hour a week small group super-vision. The material covered in the courses isnormal and abnormal psychology, psycho-analytictheory, art therqpy theory, group dynamics, andan overview of other psychiatric theories. Theclinical rotation provides supervised experiencewith emotionally disturbed and brain-damagedchildren for 5 1/2 months, and 5 1/2 months withadolescent and adult mental patients in partialand full-time hospital settings.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE ANARDED: At the end of the 11 month internship, the stu-dents receive a certificate from the Departmentof lihntal Health Sciences stating that they havefUlfilled all the requirements satisfactorilyfor this period. They then have the option totake a qualifying exam (comparable to graduatecomprehensive examination) and, if they pass, mayenroll in the graduate school and proceed to writetheir theses for an M.S. Degree in Mental Healthawarded by the Medical College- The M.S. Degreewas accredited in 1969. To date, 27 students tookthe qualifying exam and passed it, 16 are currentlyuorking on their NE.S thesis.

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: 1. The student must be a graduate of an accredited' 1

college with a Bachelor of Fine_Arts, Bathelorin Art Education, or its equivalent.

2. Completion of an application form.3. Three Character and personal evaluation forms.4. College*transctipts.5. ScoreS from the Miller Analogies Tests.

Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital



43

1st class, 6 students September 19672nd class, 9 students September 19683rd class, 20 students September 19694th class, 20 students September 19705th class, 20 students September 197120 students is the maximum number they planto accept in future years.

Of the 35 students enrolled in the first threeyears, 2 dropped out of the program 33 receivedtheir certificates, 29 are currently employed asart therapists, and 3 students are expected toreceive their Mhsters Degree in 1971.

44

INSTITUTION: Hahnemann Medical College and HospitalDepartment of Mental Health Sciences314 North Broad StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19102

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Hugh Rosen, ACSWPaul Jay Fink, M.D.

PROGRAM TITLE: Mental Health Technology

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Fully operational

CURRICULUM: Two-year program. The junior year is comprisedof didactic seminar-type courses exclusively.The students are taught developmental psychology,psychopathology, group and family process and therole of culture in mental illness and mental health.They also become acquainted with the structures andfunctions of,mental health organizations with strongemphasis on Community mental health centers. Thesenior year requires 40 hours weekly for an 11-monthperiod of a supervised clinical training experience.The focus of the training is the acquisition of skillsin a specialty of the student's Choice. Included inthe 40-hour week of the senior year are 5 ongoingseminars covering activities and subject areas re-lated to the concomitant field training. Readingsand,discussions flowing from these seminars are in-tended to broaden further the student's knowledge inthe bahavorial sciences, family theory, social andcommunity resources and the use of drugs.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE AWARDED: Bachelor of Science Degree

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: 1. Minimum of 60 hours (semester) of college credit.

2. Completion of application.

3. Character references and personal interview.

4. College transcripts.

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED: 25 accepted each September for junior class

NUNBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED: None (will graduate 5 students in June, 1971)

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULLM:

DEGREE OR CERTIFICALEAWARDED:


45

University of TexasMedical BranCGalveston, Texas 77550

Robert W. Ewer, M.D.Department of Medicine

Clinical Associate(gith subtitles indicating more specific areasof training, for example: Clinical Associatein Pediatrics).

Operational with respect to the "core"curriculum.

The duration of the training program is fouryears except when transfer of credit and waiverby examination is acceptable. A "core curri-culum" common to several Allied Health Profes-sions has been established. The student isgiven a choice of allied health fields uponcompletion of certain liberal arts and medicallyoriented basic science courses for which fullacademic credit is given. The student is trainedto assist the physician in the basic aspects ofmedical care: (1) To interview, (2) To examine,

(3) To test, (4) To treat, (5) And to maintaincontinuity of communication and observation inits mOst broad sense. Purely technical skillsare subservient, and vary with the field ofspecial interest and endeavor.

A Bachelor of Science Degree upon satisfactorycompletion of both "core" and clinical training.

An excellent high school record, transferablecredits, waiver by examination for credit forprevious experience that is related to requiredcourses, aad an aptitude for ethical and compat-ible human relationships.

16

University of TexasMedical Branch


TWenty in the "core" curriculum; none in theClinical Associate Program.Enrollment capacity in the Clinical Associateprogram is four students annually until anadequate faculty is available.

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: None to date

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





47

Eye InstituteDepartment of OphthalmologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Medical CenterHouston, Texas 77025

Louis J. Girard, M.D.Chairman, Ophthalmic Training Programs

Basic Science Course for Ophthalmic Assistants

Operational

The course lasts 8 weeks with a twelve-monthperiod of preceptorship recommended upon cdm-

pletion. The first 5 weeks are devoted tolectures in basic sciences as related toophthalmology. The remaining 3 weeks are com-posed of demonstrations and workshops invarious clinical procedures. During theperiod of preceptorship, the student worksunder supervision, preferably in a hospitalclinic, in order to acquire proficiency in d

various clincial tests.

Ir mation not available.

_assful completion of high school with)ing ability is required. However, two

y( Is of college is recommended. Applicant

m st be sponsored by an ophthalmologist.


46

62

48

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRNA TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

ECCREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED:




University of WashingtonDepartment of Preventive MedicineSchool of MedicineSeattle, Washington 98105

Richard A. Smith, M.D.Associate Professor

MEDEX

Operational

Aft2r training at the medical school for threemonths, the Medex is assigned for a year to apreceptor who is a physician in general practice.For these twelve months, he assists the physicianby learning and applying primary care skillsunder his close supervision.

Certificate indicating completion of the NEDEXtraining program.

Former medical corpsmen trained to a level ofindependent performance.

Approximately 25 per class. Three classes per year.

14

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:



NLNBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED:


49

Alderson-Broaddus CollegeCollege HillPhilippi, West Virginia 26416

Hu C. Myers, M.D.Myers ClinicPhilippi, West Virginia 26416


Operational

The curriculum covers a period of 4 years and

consists of training in liberal studies, (includes

English, speech, and social sciences) medicalscience, and clinical rotations. Requiredcourses total 125 to 129 semester hours.

Students are encouraged to enroll in electivecourses to enrich their total educational

experience.

The clinical experience begins in the thirdquarter of the first year. It accelerateswith each quarter through the tenth. Fromthe eleventh through the fourteenth-, it is

a full-time clinical clerkship off campus.The last quarter is 1/3 liberal studies, 1/3

clinical clerkship, and 1/3 senior seminar.

Required clincial rotations are medicine,surgery, intensive care, outpatient clinic,

and doctor's office. Electives can be inpediatrics, urology, orthopedics, ear, nose,and throat, clinical research, obstetrics, ,psyshiatry, community health and preventive

medicine.

B.S. in Medical Science

High school diploma, demonstration of goodscholarship, high Character, and strongmotivation; satisfactory test data on S.A.T.or A-C.T., at least 10 units in college pre-

paratory subjects.

95

None to aoto

64

50

INSTITUTION: Marshfield ClinicMarshfield, Wisconsin 54449

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Francis N. Lohrenz, M.D.Chairman, Physician Assistant Committee

PROGRAM TITLE: The Physician fissistant: Oncology (study of tumors)GastroenterologyPediatricOphthalmologicNeurosurgicalGeneral PractitionerOrthopedic

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Developmental

CURRICULUM: Oncology--Learns the administration and calcula-tion of intravenous doses and evaluation oftoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in order tocare for and supervise courses of specific chemo-therapeutic drugs as directed by the physician,and to check patient who are seen frequentlyduring course of chemotherapy; discharge summaries.

Gastroenterology--Learns how to inject BSP dye,perform secretin tests and esophagoscopies, andsmall bowel biopsies, in order to be able to per-form all of,these procedures at the direction ofthe physician.

Pediatric--Learns to perform physical examinationsof newborn, to instruct mothers who breast feedbabies, their adjustment to feedings, and earlypostnatal care. Projected duties include house-call visits three weeks after discharge.

OphthaImologic--Learns about refraction, visualfields, tests for glaucoma, and how to assistwith cataract surgery in order to be able toperform refractions, visual field evaluations,tonometry, and to act as assistant during cata-ract surgery.

Neurosurgical--Scrubs with neurosurgeon, preparespatients for diagnostic procedures, helps withspinal taps, does discharge summaries, makesrounds.

65

Marshfield Clf.nic

DEGREE OR CERTIFICAthAWARDED:

ENTRANCE REQUIRENENTS :



51

General Surgical--First assistant in surgery,

4-6 hours a day, dressings, makes rounds,

attends conferences.

Orthopedic--Puts on casts, screens patientsfor the orthopedic surgeons, dc,es dischargesummaries, scrubs and acts as assistant during

orthopedic surgery.

In general, these programs involve about

three months of on-the-job training before the

trainee becomes fully functional. At theconclusion of the training period, the trainees

are retained by the clinic as members of the

staff.

None

Students with some sort of medical trainingare preferred. These include former medicalcorpsman, registered nurses, and those withexperience in health research laboratories.

One in eath of the courses.

One from eath course.

P RO GRAMS FO R E XTEN DIN G NURS IN G ROLE S

67

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

55

University of ArizonaCollege of MedicineDepartment of Community MedicineEl Rio Santa Cruz Neighborhood Health

Center332 South FreewayTucson, Arizona 85705

Project Director:Herbert K. Abrams, M.D.

Medical Director:Peter D. Mott, M.D.

Nursing Director and Program Chairman:Emily Bale, R.N.

Family Nurse Practitioner

Operational since spring, 1970, forstaffing of the Neighborhood HealthCenter only.

A 12-month program interweaving class-roan and clinical experience with on-job-training in (1) Pediatrics, (2) AdultMedicine, (3). Obstetrics, (4) AdvancedSocial Work (5) Mental Health For Families.

The course ains to train registered nursesto be capable of any number of the follow-

ing roles which she may later elect:

(1) well-child care, including history-taking, physical examination, initiation ofimmunizations, laboratory and screeningtechniques, counseling management ofcommon illnesses and follow-up ofchildren in the home or office;

56

University of ArizonaFamily Nurse Practitioner

LEGREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED:



NUMBER OF STUOENTSGRADUATED:

(2) the same array of skills in AdultMedicine, as well as the managementof certain Chronic diseases; (3) pre-natal, post-partum care and familyplanning, including history-taking,physical examinations, screeningprocedures and counseling; (4) acombination of these roles.

Pending

License to practice as a registered nurse.Public Health Nursing experience desirable.Employment in the Neighborhood HealthCenter a requirement in 1970-71.

7

INSTITUTION:

5 7

University of CaliforniaSchool of Public Health, Earl Warren HallBerkeley, California 94720

University of CaliforniaSchool of Medicine, Davis;State of California, Department of Public Health;and Highland Hospital, Oakland.

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Jean G. FrenchProject Director

Constance E. RothProject CoordinatorDivision of Public Health Nursing

PROGRAM TITLE: Family Health Practitioner


CURRICULUM: The object of this program is not to train nursetechnicians, but to present a well-roundededucational program, providing the public healthnurse with sufficient knowledge and skills so thatshe is capable of using sound judgment, does notneed constant supervision and can therefore,assume a more independent role. Luring the first12 months of the program, students will receivebackground knowledge and skills in cowl- ty medi-

cine, physical diagnosis, and clinicr_ mentof all age groups through lectures, s(clinical demonstration, and supervised clinicalpractice in primary care settings. The final sixmonths of the program will be a rotating clinicalfield experience in appropriate primarx care unitsselected in accordance with their readiness toutilize the nurse practitioner and to provide ameaningful experience for the student.

LEGREE OR CERTIFICA1EAWARDED: MPH degree

58,

University of CaliforniaSchool of Public Health, Earl Warren Hall

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: Applicant must be a qualified public health nursewith a baccalaureate degree and a minimum of twoyears experience in the area of community health.The nature of the experience should be such thatit provides the opportunity to apply public healthnursing skills, assume responsibility, and takeindependent action. References from employersmust show evidence the nurse has demonstrated cer-tain abilities and is secure and innovative, com-fortable with responsibility, capable of indepen-dent decision makifighas an inquiring mind andinterest in clinical Medicine, and is committedto giving high quality care.---Academic qualifica-tions should relfect a minumum grade-point averageof 3.0. Special attention is given to previousacademic performance in clinical and biologicalsciences.

NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED: 6 (NYAT classes of 8 or more to be admitted

anually)


INSTITUTION: Loma Linda UniversitySchool of NursingLoma Linda, California 92354

PROGRN4 DIRECTORS: Ruth M. White, R.N., M.S., M.P.H.,Nursing Instructor

Medical Consultants:Department of PediatricsRichard L. Tompkins, MD.Naomi K. Pitman, M.D.

PROGRAM TITLE: Pediatric Nurse Associate


CURRICULUM:

59

The project proposal is being written. The

first level of instruction started Fall 1970.

(Second and third parts of sequence will beoffered after the project proposal has beenapproved and the program reviewed by pedi-atric and nursing practice organizations.)

This program will encompass nine units.The initial course is three units and in-volves laboratory practice as well as theory.

Arrangements have ,been made with theneighboring health departments for nurseson their staff to obtain the laboratory prac-tice in the on-the-job child health conferences.

The purpose is twofold: To prepare nursesfor the specific role of Pediatric NurseAssociate within an ambulatory care setting;and, secondly, to foster better utilization

of nurses in the delivery of health services

in the community. Instruction is to build

competence in the physical and developmental

assessment of the child, including his historyand recording, counseling of mothers andteaching of parents, management of minorillnesses and follow-up of the children in the

home and community.

60

Lama Linda UniversityPediatric Nurse Associate

CURRICULUM (cont'd.) :


ENTRANCE REQUI REMENTS :

NUNBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED:

NUMBER Cf STUDENTSGRADUATED:

Students are assisted with role reorienta-tion, the process of collaborating and inincreasing decision-making competence.Affects of culture, poverty and environ-mental factors are incorporated.

Certificate at completion of nine uaits.

Students may take first level in the senioryear of the baccalaureate program innursing.

Nurses with a baccalaureate degree, includ-ing preparation in Public Health Nursing,may register for the course. They musthave a license to practice in the state ofCalifornia.

References aad personal interview determinethe students' personal qualifications.

14 in the first level

Naae to date.

61

INSTITUTION: Harbor General HospitalUCLA School of Medicine1000 W. Carson StreetTorrence, California 90509

PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Joseph W. St. Geme, Jr., M.D.Professor of PediatricsUCLA School of Medicine andChief of PediatricsHarbor General Hospital

PROGRAM TITLE: Nursing Pediatrist Program

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: No longer operational

CURRICULUM: The program is constructed to prepare nurseto function as a vital cog in Child health careteam, in close working relationship with andunder the supervision of the pediatrician. The

length of the program is 12 months.

1. Basic and clinical pediatric science: 4

months. Didactic lectures and seminars inthe basic sciences, as they relate to Childhealth, in normal growth and development,common childhood illnesses and problems,mental health and parental-child relation-ships. Intensive instruction in history-taking and physical science material.

2. Cliaji-u -,,pLInce: 8 montn. ItiT1 include

participation in daily activity of physicianteams in normal neonatal unit (1 month),regular ward-service (1 month), acute careclinic (3 months), and specialty clinics (3months), emphasizing here well-child care,cardiology, neurology and learning ddsorders,dermatology. Will also utilize communityclinical resources, such as public healthwell-child clinics and group practice settings.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE Certificate stating that nurses have completed

AWARDED: the 12 month program in satisfactory fashion.


NUMBER OF STUEENTSENROLLED:

NINMER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED:




74

62

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:

University of ColoradoSchool of Nursing4200 East Ninth AvenueDenver, Colorado 80220

Elda R. Popiel, R.N.Professor, School of Nursing

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Fully Operational

CURRICULUM: The intensive sixteen-week Pediatric NursePractitioner Program provides an opportunityfor nurses to expand their role in providinghealth care for children. The focus of studyis the well child in the family, school, andcommunity settings. Academic and clinicalstudy areas include University of ColoradoMedical Center and selected health care facilitiesin the community of Denver. The course titles ofthe areas of study are as follows:

1. Evaluation of Child Health (8 weeks)--Emphasis is on developing the nurse's skillsin taking the health history, performingrhys4oial _,ons, anLly:ing healthproblen,, anti in health counseling. Classroomwork and practice in community child care centersare offered concurrently;

2. The Nurse's Role Ell Canmumity Child Health(8 weeks)--The focus ge ccurse is onnursing management of;dmatcn physical, psycho-social, and developmerrial prdblems of childhoodwith continued developmaht of the nurse's eval-uation and counseling-±kills. Practice in com-munity Child care setCLEgs continues. The nursestudies patterns of indpendent nursing practicewhich effect changes imlhealth care systenis.

University of ColoradoSchool of Nursing

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATEANARDED:




63

Certificate stating they have satisfactorilycompleted the program.

Graduation from a National League of Nursesaccredited baccalaureate program, employmentin a setting concerned with health of childrenand their families in the community, andavailability for the entire educational program.

10

70

64

INSTITUTION: University of Colorado4200 E. 9th Avenue, P.O. 2418Denver, Colorado 80220

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Henry K. Silver, M.D.Nancy Nelson, M.D.Mrs. Elda Popeil, R.N.

PROGRAM TITLE: School Nurse Practitioner Program


CURRICULUM: The one-year program is conducted in two phases.The first phase is conducted at the Universityof Colorado Medical Center in Denver, uthereeach nurse receives approximately four months ofintensive theory and practice in child care andschool health. This phase is a clinically-oriented educational program and includes evalu-ation and management of the well child, identi-fication of various school health problemsincluding care of emergency situations. Thesecond phase of the program extends over aneight month period during which time the nurseapplies her newly-acquired knowledge and skillunder supervision in the public school setting.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE AWARDED: Certificate

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: B.S. in nursing and R.N.; two letters of personalreference and two letters of professional refer-ence; a cooperating school system which has madeformal agreement to employ the nurse followingthis experience; plans to have available medicalbackup when she returns to the school; completionof application; availability for telephone orpersonal interview. Priority uill be given toschool nurss who are from school districtswhich will assume a siguifIcant portion of theeconomic responsibility for the nurse's education.

NUMBER ENROLLED: 4

NUMBER GRADUATED: 4

77

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRNA TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





65

University of Connecticut Health CenterDepartment of PediatricsSchool of NursingMcCook HospitalTwo Holcomb StreetHartford, Connecticut 06112

Medical Director Louis I. Hochheiser, M.D.Nurse Coordinator Lynn Schilling, R.N., M.A.

Pediatric Nurse Associate Program

First class enter January, 1971

A four-month course to prepare nurses forproviding well child care and counseling aswell as management of common pediatricillness, either in the Pediatric AmbulatoryClinic, through the Visiting Nurse Association,or the private pediatric practitioner's office.

The course is given in the same setting thatpediatric house officers and students aretraining to allow role changes to evolve, bothfor the nurses and physicians. In addition,some aspects of curriculum development, role

changes, and physician/nurse satisfaction areto be evaluated.

Certificate

Licensure as a Registered Nurse and a B.S.degree. ,Lndividual exceptions to the B.S.degree can' be made.

6 per class two classes per year

None to date.

66

INSTITUTION: Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics333 Cedar StreetNew Haven, Connecticut 06510

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Thonms F. Dolan, Jr., M.D.Medical Director

Katherine Nuckolls, R.N., Ph.D..Nursing Director

PROGRAM TITLE: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Operational since October 1969

CURRICULUM: A one year on-the-job educational andtraining program with two main Objectives:

1. Prepare the trainee to assume anexpanded role in an ambulatory setting.

2. Assessment of content for curriculumconstruction of new advanced nursingprograkn in the Yale University School ofNursing.

The program is loosely structured andconsists of didactic instruction in history-taking, interviewing, and physical examina-tion. The trainees work in the 0.1).1). aspart of the medical team and gradually acceptincreasing responsibility for a panel ofpatients which they follow.

CERTIFICATION: None

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: B.S. degree

This project is to be phased out in October 1971.

A second program leading to a Mhster's degree at the Yale School ofNursing, of which the aforementioned program is part, began in thefall of 1970. Additional formal training include regularly scheduledcourses at the School of Medicine and Public Health, research semi-nars and a thesis is required. Nurses are expected to follow eitheran "ambulatory" tract or "inpatient" tract. . They will be designatedclinical nurse specialists on graduation. Program is similar to thenow extant programs 'in obstetrics and midwivery and psychiatry atthe Yale University School of Nursing.

INSTITUTION:

67

Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center1753 West Congress ParkwayChicago, Illinois 60612

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Albert L. Pisani, M.D.Co-Director

Iris R. Shannon, R.N.Co7DirectorAssistant chairmanDivision of Nursing

PROGRAM TITLE: Pediatric Nurse Associate


CURRICULUM: The 16-week course consists of training inphysical assessment, diagnosis, and clinicalexperience.



NUIvIBER OF STUDENTS

ENROLLED: Six

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: Twenty-two

None

Registered nurse; employeclinan aMbulatorypediatric nursing setting; coMmitment froma pediatriCian to be herA)receptor,.andassurance that she wOuld be allowed tofunction inthe hew role in her:worksetting.-

68

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

Frontier Nursing ServiceWendaver, Kentucky 41775

Gertrude Isaacs, D.N. Sc.Nursing Co-Director

W. B. Rogers Beasley, M.D.Medical Co-Director

Family Nursing Program

Developmental

This is a full-time one year demonstrationprogram which is service oriented. It isdesigned to prepare nurses to assume anextended role in the provision of primaryfamily health services, including increasedresponsibility for : 1. assessment (diagnosisof the health status of the family and itsmembers in relation to ecological factors;2. initiation of selective preventivemeasures; 3. management of health and .healthrelated problems indigenous to the area, usingmutually (nursing and medical) agreed upondiagnostic-and treatment measures; and4. provisilon of emergency services in theabsence 'of the physician. This includesconsultation with and referral to othermembers of the health team. The programis offered in an ambulatory care setting withoutpost nursing and inpatient care facilitiesfor provision of comprehensive, primaryfamily health services.

Frontier Nursing ServiceWendover, Kentucky

CURRICULUM: (Cont'd)




69

The first trimester focuses on diagnosisand management of common health problemsof the individual and his family; the secondtrimester on parental and child care, focus-ing in prenatal, postnatal care, the Childunder six, and family planning; the thirdtrimester offers an option of Outpost FamilyNursing or Advanced Nurse-Midwifery.Approximately one-third of the time isdevoted to mastering theory.

Certificate

Completion of basic program in nursing witha license to practice as a registered nurse,and a minimum of six months, preferablytwelve months, of generalized staff experience.Prospective students are asked to join thestaff one to two months prior to admission fororientation to the service.

Seven experimental students;nine nurse7Midwiferr students.

16 as of April 1971

70

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:

University of MaineContinuing Education Division Office96 Falmouth StreetPortland, Maine 04103

George W. Hallett, Jr., M.D.Chief of PediatricsMaine Medical CenterPortland, Maine 04103

Pediatric Nurse Associate


CURRICULUM:


The curriculum is developed to be covered in a16-week period. The program is designedto develop an expanded role of the nurse inproviding total health care to children. Thenurse will be trained to give comprehensivewell-child care,_to identify and appraiseacute and chronic illness, to manage minorproblems, and to give temporary aid in emergen-cies with the support and consultative servicesof the medical profession. The faculty is com-posed of pediatricians, nurses, and specialistsin both medical and paramedical areas. Thesepersons both lecture and assist the students inclinical practice. Patients will be presentedin many clinical settings nursery, in-patients,out-patients, -specialty clinics, and well-babyclinics. The nurse will be trained to seepatients on her own, Obtaining the history, doinga complete physicial examination (including theuse of otoscope, ophthalmoscope, and stethoscope),performing a few simple laboratory procedures,and readhing conclusions about the patient'sstatus and needs. Major focus will be placed onwell-child care and the primary care of minorillness.

A pediatric Nurse Associate Certificate.Certificate presented by the Continuing EducationDivision of the University of Maine stating theessential content of the course, its duration,and the participation of the Maine Medical Center.

University of MaineContinuing Education Division Office

71

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: 1. State of Maine License.

2. Defined job role on completion of program.L. -04itiona1 requirement is that the nurseretuin fcr one day once monthly to theMai:a Medical Center for a period of eightconsacutIve mainths for follow-up study.'

WeiGlimrg'heavfly in candidate seleOion,but.LseiliiLlal, are previous trainingand eaperienca, agency recommendation, andgeographzal srea. Priority will be givento nuorse currently working with theunderprivElege0-



72

INSTITUTION: Massachusetts General HospitalBunker Hill Herllth Center73 High StreetCharlestown, Massachusetts 02129

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Medical Direc-,-)rs:

Alfred Yankauer M.D.John P. Connelly-, M.D.

Nursing Director:Priscilla M. Andrews, R.N.

PROGRAM TITLE: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program


CURRICULUM: A 16-week on-the-job educational program withtwo main objectives: (1) to prepare registerednurses for the specific role of pediatric nursepractitioners within a primary pediatric ambu-latory care setting; and (2) to promote changein current practices of delivering ambulatorypediatric health care. The course includes 171hours of classroom teaching and 148 hours ofclinical practice. Content seeks to build uponthe knowledge and experiences with which registerednurses come to the program, and to provideadditional capabilities in history-taking andrecording, patient counseling and teaching,assessment of the total health status ofchildren, handling of patients' telephoneinquiries, management of common illnesses andfollow-up of children in the home and community.In addition, there is emphasis on: (1) thedecision-making process; (2) the conflict of rolereorientation; (3) teamwork and interprofessionalrealtions; and (4) the problems of delivery ofhealth services to children and their families.


Massachusetts General HospitalBunker Hill Health Center




73

All applicants must have completed basicnursing education in a National Leagae forNursing accredited school of nursing andbe licensed as a registered nurse. 2-,n

applicant must be employed in a compehensivepediatric care setting where expandeL_nursingskills can be applied. The applicsrm andemployer must have a commitment for theparticipant's continuing education after thecompletion of the Pediatric Nurse PractitionerProgram.

about 20

77

74

INSTITUTION Childrenns Hospital of MichiganDepartment of Pediatric_Wayne State University Cillege of MedicineDetroit, Michigan 48207

PROGRAM DIRECDORS: Medical Director -Paul ,17. Woolley, Jr., M.D.Co-Medical Director L1ie Pensler, M.D.

PROGRAM TITLE: Pediatric Nurse Practitimer Program


CURRICULUM: Four month, full-time prpgram withintent to train nurses tr become primaryvendors of well baby carT. The coursetrains her to expand her role in the careof patients and to actuvfly perform someof the services previous provided bythe physician. History _Ind physicaldiagnosis are stressed as are growth anddevelopment. She will also be able toidentify the acutely ill child that willneed the expertise of a pediatrician.Particular attention is given to the variousspecialties and community service neces-sary to proVide total care of the child.


ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS: Completion .of basic nursing course ir anapproved nursing school.

NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED: None at present

NUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: Two-September 1969

INSTITUTION:

75

Washington University, School of MedicineDivision of Health Care Research and theEdward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics4550 Scott AvenueSt. Louis, Missouri 63110

FROGRAM DIRECTOR: Lawrence Kahn, M.D.

PROGRAM TITLE: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner


CURRICULUM: The program is eight months in duration andbegins each September. It is divided into twoperiods of four months each, the first being adidactic period and the second being a periodof precepteeship. The course is designed toprepare qualified nurses with the skills to pro-vide primary aMbulatory pediatric care withinthe scope of nursing practice. The instructionis based at the St. Louis Children's Hospitaland the Division of Health Care Research ofWashington University School of Medicine. Fac-ulty is derived from the staff of the St. LouisChildren's Hospital, particularly by those whoseinterests include ambulatory care.

The didactic period includes lectures conferencesand demonstrations stressing the techniques ofhistory taking and physical examinations. Emphasisis also placed on growth and development and com-mon pediatric problems. The major goals ofthe program are to-provide the trainees with the.appropriate skills in disease recognition, familycounseling-and education in several areas ofambulatory pediatrics including routine wellbaby and well Child care, parent counseling inthe matters ofchild rearing including antic-ipatory guidance.

The second four-month period includes clinicalexperience in the offices of private pediatricians,as well as the Out Patient Department of theSt. Louis Childrenls Hospital and the WellBaby Clinics of St. Louis County.

A fuller description of the program is avail-able for distribution'on request.

76

vvashington University, School of MedicineDivision of Health Care Research and theEdward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics





A Pediatric Nurse Practitioner certificate isawarded upon completion of the program.

Applicants must be registered nurses, licensedin the state of Missouri. A B.S. degree innursing from an accredited program is preferredbut not required. Experience in pediatricnursing is desirable. A personal interview isrecommended. Selection will be based on thecandidate's experience, academic achievement,and willingness to adapt to new situations andto assume new responsibilities.

Six

Three will graduate in September 1970.

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

Albert Einstein College of Medicine1300 Norris Park AvenueBronx, New York 10461

BertrandM. Bell, M.D.Director Ambulatory Care ServiceJacobi HospitalPelham Parkway and Eastchester RoadBronx, New York 10461

77

PROGRAM TITLE: The Nurse Physician Surrogate

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Operational, pending funds for continuation

CURRICULUM: The program consists of formal didactic lecturesgiven by physicians, physician surrogates, socialworkers, and hospital administrative personnel,and on-the-job training. Students are taughtthe fundamentals of history and physical examina-tion, relevant sociology, physiology and pharma-cology. The trainee is trained to detect changesin the clinical status of patients, to be certainthat patients comply with therapeutic regimens,and to act as the patient's medical advocatemaking certain that once the physician is madeaware of "a change," appropriate action istaken. She renews prescriptions, and thangesmedication within limits.

On-the-job training in association with a physi-cian continues and reinforces the principlesoutlined in the didactic lectures. Ultimatelyeadh student is capable of functioning as asurrogate follow-up physician.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATE

AWARDED:


Pending

Trainees will be chosen from among the registerednurses already employed by the hospital and atlarge to fulfill the need of the hospital.

NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED- 6

NUNBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: 8

78

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRI CULUM :

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED;

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS;

Albert Einstein College of Medicine1300 Morris Park AvenueBronx, New York 10461

Bertrand M. Bell, M.D.Director, Ambulatory CareBronx Municipal Hospital

The Triage or Screening Professional

Planning

The trainee would be trained to decideon whether a person is sick or not sick,if sick, "how sick." With this decisionshe becomes a traffic control persondirecting patients to the proper resourcefor care.

Her training will be identical to that ofthe nurse physician associate at the sameinstitution except that her 011-the-jobtraining will differ. She will in generalbe older, more experienced, arld have thecapacity to rapidly make decisions.

None

Participants will be selected from registerednurses already on the staff of the hospital.

NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED: None to date.

NUNBER OF STUDENTSGRADUATED: None to date.

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

79

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Health Centerand the Mbntefiore Hospital3674 Third AvenueBronx, New York 10456

Harold WiseProject Director

Niss Stella ZahnProject Director

Public Health Nurse Practitioner Program

Operational

The program is divided into two orientationareas. Four to six weeks of didactic trainingis given in the areas of pediatrics, obstetricscommunity health advocacy, and the team approachto health care. Continuing in-service orientationis given in conjunction with a special health careteam. The emphasis is on producing nurses asgeneralists rather than specialists to work inhome care and in the practitioner role in theclinic. Graduates work with the Dr. MartinLuther King, Jr. Health Center.



NUMBER OF: STUDENTS.ENROLLED:H

"NUMBER OF STUDENTS..GRADUATED':

None. .A..Master'S degree program is being planned.

The R N degree R N graduates Of bathelorprograms or With publiC health-experience-:dre'Preferred;

20 nurses are currently being.trained while onthe,Center staff.

25 to 30 .graduateS. ,All of the nurses at thecenter have taken this program.

80

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:

CERTIFICAlt AWARDED:

University of RochesterSchool of Medicine and Dentistry260 Crittenden BoulevardRochester, New York 14620

Robert A. Hoekelam, M.D., Associate Professorof Pediatrics and of Hea1th Services

260 Crittenden BoulevardRochester, New York 14620


Operational

As this publication was being printed, thecurriculum was undergoing revision. Thefollowing is a summary of the originalcurriculum which is being modified.

The course of instruction was of four monthsduration. During the first month there waslectures and discussion periods five morningsa week. Afternoons were devoted to study andclinical projects and patient contact. Duringthe second, third and fourth months, three morn-ings were occupied with lectures and discussionperiods and two mornings were spent doing pre-cepted clinical work in the clinic or privateoffice. During the year following the four monthsof formal training, the pediatric nurse practitioneris required to return to the training centerone day monthly for formal continuing education.

A certificate of completion is planned to beawarded to all who have completed the training.

Licensure as a registered profeSsional nurse.

Knowledge of child development as demonstratedby one of the following:

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS':

a. Satisfactory completion of a coursein child development within threeyears at a college or university.

b.. Presently taking a course in childdevelopment at a college or university.

c. Satisfactory results on an examinationselected by the Reivew Committeecovering the subject matter.

University of RochesterSchool of Medicine and Dentistry

NUMBER OF STUEENTSENROLLED:

4-7 in one course. Currently one courseper year. Planning for two courses peryear with ten students in ea_Ch.


81

82

INSTITUTICN:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:





Good Samaritan HospitalCincianati, Ohio 45220

Division of Community PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCollege of Medicine

Donald J. Frank, M.D.Good Samaritan HospitalCincinnati, Ohib 45220

Pediatric Nurse Associate

Operational

The sixteen week program provides 192 hoursof classroom instruction and planned clinicalexperience in an approved ambulatory pediatricsetting. The course is designed to prepareregistered. nurses for increased responsibilityin primary health care services for children.Emphasis is placed on: growth and development;nutrition; the health history; the basicphysical examination; counseling and healthguidance; and management of common childhoodillness. The trainee is assigned to work witha pediatrician preceptor during her clinicalpractice. This collaborative experience allowsboth nurse and physician to identify and workthrough conflicts involved in role reorientation.

None

All candidates must be registered nurses,preferably in Ohio, and be employed in anambulatory pediatric setting. The pediatri-cian with wham the nurse works must agree toprovide on-the-job supervision and guaranteeher the opportunity to function in an expandedrole in her practice setting.

10

21

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

83

St. Christopher's Hospital for Children

Children and Youth ProgramPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

Victor C. Vaughan, IIIComprehensive Group Health Services2539 Germantown AvenuePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19133

PROGRAM TITLE: In-Service Education for AmbulatoryPediatric Nurse

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: Ear.17 erational

CURRICULUM: 12-101k program: Total 180 hours.AvErage 15 hours 'per week, to includethe :Li.ory and .practice in a clinicanth Lirarmity setting.

1. TE,alth supercision of preschoolcLildren including physical andcdguelopmental appraisal and.parent guidance.

. The recognition and management ofcommon acute episodes of illness and

accidents.

Eilphasis is given to working with othermembers: Of.the,health team in a neighborhood

health center.

DEGREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED: None

ENTRANCE REQUIREMNTS: Registered Nurse - Diploma or Degree



84

INSTITUTION: Allegheny County Health DepartmentMaternity and Infant Care Project3447 Forbes AvenuePittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

PROGRAM DIRECTORS: Virginia E. Washburn, NLD., Chief,Division of Maternal and Child HealthAllegheny County Health Department

Lawrence A. Dunegan, N.D.Donna Nativio, R.N.

PROGRAM TITLE: Pediatric Specialist Program forPublic Health Nurses

STAIE OF DEVELOPMENT: Operational

CURRICULUM:





This is an 18 week on-the-job trainingprogram consisting of 50 hours of lecture,discussion, and:demonstration and super-vised clinical experience in at least 35sessions of the NIC Infant Clinic and/orAllegheny County Health Department wellChild conferences. Emphasis is placedan interviewing teChniques, history-taking,nutrition, normal growth and development,physical examination and immunization.

The aim Of the program is to preparenurses toassume increas.e4 responsibilityin the delivery of well Child serviceS includ-ingmanagement of minor pediatric illness.

Limited to qualified Public HealthAiurses-employed by the Allegheny COunty Health'Department,

Certificate

Four nurses

Twelve nurses as of September, 1970.

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTORS:

85

nilemphis and Shelby County Health Department814 Jefferson AvenueMemphis, Tennessee 38105

George S. Lovejoy, B.S., M.D., F.A.A.P.Associate Professor of Pediatriics-adversity of Tennessee College of Medicime;Director,'Memphis and Shelby County Health Department

Jackie J.. Cox, B.S., IM.D.Resident in Public HealthMaternal and Child Health Przfgram

iMemphis and Shelby County He-.1 Dapartment

PROGRAM TIT1E: Pediatric Nurse Clinician

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: b)mpleted first phase of training in June 1970.

CURRICULUM: The program is designed to give an aggressiveinservice training program to diploma nursesor degree nurses who will funt_Lion in anexpanded role in child care under the closeworking relationship and supervision of apediatrician.

The length of the program is 16 weeks. Eachof these weeks is comprised of two informallecture-discussion sessions by a practicingspecialist who is on the faculty of the Uni-versity of Tennessee College of Medicine.Each session is from 1 to 2 hours in length.There are also two preceptor type trainingsessions each Week of from 2 to 4 hours in aclinical setting, with the physician to nurseratio 1 to 1, or, 1 to 2.

1. Specialists in varied fields discuss, in aninformal setting, in a 1 to 4 or 8 relationship,problems related to that field; answer questionsand conduct an in-depth discussion. Each sessionlasts from 1-1/2 to 2 hours. Materials aregiven for study and review at home as well asduring training hours.

86

Nemphis and Shelby County Health DepartmentPediatric Nurse Clinician

CERTIFICATION OR DEGREEAWARDED:


2. CliTmical experience. The clinical teachingexperience is composed_ of two sessions perweek of 2 to 4 hours w=11 physician to nurseratio a3 1 to 2. This is a preceptor typetraining, seeing patients together as theycame into the clinic with complete discussionof all entities seen, nnthods of handling,treatments to be given and follow-up. In thesesettings there is great opportunity to pursuein-depth the weaknes, which are found in theindividual nurse's knomaadge. The emphasis ison nurmality and varieT. , 'to s from normal withheavy emphasis on entit-i9s to be recognizedbut not to be treated. During the remainder ofthe week the nurse functlions in the capacityof a health department nurse.

A certificate from the Nemphis and ShelbyCounty Health Department stating that the nursehas completed the 16-week program in asatisfactory manner.

Either diploma or degree nurse, with at leastsix months' experience in a large metropolitanhealth department.


NUMBER OF STUDENTS GRADUATED:- 4

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAm TTTLE:

STAGE OE DEVELOPI\ENT:

CURRICL2UM:





87

Eye InstituteDepartment of OphthalmologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Medical CenterHouston, Texas 77025

Louis J. Girard, M.D.Chairman, Ophthalmic Training Programs

Ophthalmic Nursing Course

Operational

The course is six weeks in duration. Thefirst week is devoted to lectures in the basicsciences. The second and third weeks will con-sist of didactic teaching in surgical techniques,operatina room techniques, and care and mainte-nance oeophthalmic surgical instruments.Instruction is also given in management of theeye patient in the ophthalmologist's office, useof the lensometer, perimetry, tonometry, simplebasic refractions, and muscle ithbalances.Clinical experience will be provided in thevarious eye departments of the affiliatedhospitals. During the fourth, fifth and sixthweeks the student may choose special instructionin certain subjects such as ophthalmic surgicaltechniques, strabisms, clinical photography,tonography, or care of the contact lens patient.The program consists of 90 hours of doctor'slectures, nursing discussions and demonstrations,and 150 hours of planned experience in thecourses described.

A Certificate of Proficiency is granted fromBaylor College of Medicine.

Applicants should be registered nurses alreadyengaged in ophthalmic work or those who desireto prepare for this type of work.


90

INSTITUTION:

t-f..MGRAM DIRECTOR:

=GRAM TITLE:

7PLE OF DEVELOPMENT:

CURRICULUM:

ILEGREE OR CERTIFICATEAWARDED:


NIABER OF STUDENTSl'NROLLED:

MEIER OF STUDENTS.FRADUATED:

Wilford Hall USAF Medical CenterLackland AFBSan Antonio, Texas 78236

Howard H. Johnson, Colonel, USAF, MCChairman, Department of PediatricsWilford Hall USAF Medical Center


Operational

The program consists of a series of lecturesand demonstrations and supervised experiencein the outpatient clinic, the newborn nurseryand to a limited extent the inpatient service.Regular departmental conferences will be at-tended when applicable to the nurses training.The program covers six months.

Major emphasis will be on practical clinicalsessions involving the examination of wellchildren and-those with minor illnesses underthe close supervision of a pediatrician.Training in the uFe of visual and auditoryscreening tests as well as developmentalscreening tests will be given.

Purpose is to train selected Air Force nurses,to act as pediatric associates in carrying outwell-child care, screening tests, counselingservices and i.dentification and management ofminor illnesses.

Certificate of Course Completion.

Registered nurse on active duty with US Air Forcein Regular or Career Reserve Status. D'egreepreferred, but not mandatory. Minimum of twoyears active duty with at least one year inpediatrics.


1 0 1

INSTITUTION:

PROGRAM DIRECTOR:

PROGRAM TITLE:


CURRICULUM:


NUMBER OF STUDENTSENROLLED


89

University of VirginiaSchool of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsCharlottesville, Virginia

Robert E. Merrill, M.D.Professor of PediatricsDepartment of Pediatrics

Nurse Clinician Training

Operational, First course completed.

The object of this program is to train registerednurses to adequately complete general historytaking and recording plus general physical exam-ination with a view toward detecting abnormalityin contradistinction to normality; where abnor-mality is found, to insure physician attentionon an emergency or elective basis, as may beappropriate. In addition, they are trained toprovide complete well baby care independentlyand to independently provide advice and therapyfor minor pediatric problems.

The course lasts sixteen weeks and consists ofnine seminars and nine two-to-three hour prac-tical exercises each week. The time spent insupervised activity each week is approximatelythirty-three hours, minimum.

Certificate as Nurse Clinician

Applicant must be a registered nurse, preferablywith at least two or three years.of.practicalexperience.

4-12

4

102

91

PLANNED OR OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS NOT SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL

The following list includes prograns which have been called to the attentionof the Professional Requirements Branch, but for which detailed informationis lacking. Programs marked with an asterisk (*) indicate those which aredefinitely or probably for the purpose of extending nursing roles.

CALIFORNIA

Title Unknown*Martin Luther King Health CenterWattsLos Angeles, California

Title Unknown*Dr. 41ter TassemPermanente Group of Southern California1505 North Edgemont StreetLos Angeles, California 90027

Emergency Service TechnicianAlbert M. EltonExecutive Vice PresidentCasa Loma College12502 Van Nuys BoulevardPacoima, California 91331

Physician's AssistantDr. Wood6ury PerkinsDirector of Medlcal EducationMercy Hospital and Medical Center4077 Fifth AvenueSaniDiego, California 92103

Title Unknown*Dr. Henry R. SchinefieldPermanente Medical Group2200 O'Farrell StreetSan Francisco, California 94115

92

CALIFORNIA (continued)

Nurse Practitioner*Nrs. Jeanne LeBrunClinical Lecturer

Department of Community and Preventive MedicineStanford University Medical CenterStanford, California 94305


T5E-MIEHEETIMTE-misDirector, Physician's Assistant Training ProgramStanford Medical CenterStanford, California 94305

CONNECTICUT

'Sutgical AsSistantAllred Sadler, Jr., M.D.Blair Sadler, J.D.Yale UniversitySchool of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut 06510

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Title:Unknown*-PrfiTana II. HarriS

,Chief ofNursing Services-Departmentof HealthHealth Services...Administration:1905':E.Street,

Washington,

, .,

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (continued)

Physician's AssistantAlbert S. Braverman2 M.D.D. C. General HospitalWashington, D. C.

Title UnknownPT7W7-3157----Associate Administrator for Program DevelopmentGeorge Washington University Medical CenterWashington, D. C.

Ophthalmic TechnicianPeter Evans, M.D.Georgetown University Hospital3800 Reservoir RoadWashington, D. C. 20007

Physician Assistantralarence CYZ7g-smanExecutive OfficerU. S. Department of JusticeBureau of PrisonsWashington, D. C. 20537

Physician's AssistantDr. James BacosWashington Hospital Center110 Irving Street, N.W-.Washington, D. C. 20012

Physician's Assistant - CardiologyMresacosWashington Hospital Center110 Irving Street, N.W.Washington, D. C. 20012

FLORIDA

Expanded Nurse* , ,

DT. Pauline Barton,ChaitmnDepartment of Nursing, Graduate School :

University of FloridaGainesville, Florida.36201

:Eirofessional Assistant and Associater. HenryBox 712-UniVersity bf Florida ,

Gainesville, Florida

93

94

FLORIDA (continued)

Health Care AdministratorMiss Anastasia M. HartleySt. Petersburg Junior College6605 5th Avenue NorthSt. Petersburg, Florida 33733

GEORGIA

Anesthesia AssistantDr. P. P. Volpitto, Project DirectorAnesthesia Assistant ProgramMedical College of Georgia1459 Gwinnett StreetAugusta, Georgia 30902

Physician's AssistantGeorgia State College33 Gilmer StreetAtlanta, Georgia 30303

Physician's AssistantDITIZ6beTf-E7eysMedical College of GeorgiaSchool of MedicineAugusta, Georgia 30902

ILLINOIS

Title UnknOwn*.John'A. Mairen

Evanston HOSpitaIDiagnoSis and Treatment CenterEvanston, Illinoi$ 60204

Orthopedic AssiStantPrank Mulhern; HeadU0altli:OccUpationdOcation DepartmentKirkwoOdCOMMOnity'C011ege''6301:Bdwling Street, S.V1L-P, O. Box 2068Cedar Rapids, Iima 5240

PediattiC CliniAssociateUhiversity ot Ipwa.Aedical CenterIada City, Iowa

KANSAS

Title Unknown*Dr. Herbert C. MillerUniversity of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas City, Kansas 66102

KENTUCKY

Electroencephalography TechnicianDr. Harry D. JamisonUniversity of KentuckyLimestone and EuclidLexington, Kentucky 40506

Radiation DosimetristDr. SayegUniversity of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky 40506

Title Unknown*University -a-KentuckyLexington, Kentucky 40506

MARYLAND

Famiiy Health SupervisorDr. A. rolaenJohns Hopkins UniversitySchool of Hygiene and Public Health615 North WolfeBaltimore, Maryland 21205

Primary Care Associate*Dr. James HudsonJohns Hopkins HospitalSchool of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsBaltimore, Maryland 21205

Community Health Representativelachard Unrich

Chief, Office of Special ServicesIndian Health Service7915 Eastern AvenueSilver Spring, Maryland 20910

Title Unknown*Dr. Marion Murphy, DeanSchool of NursingUniversity of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland

95

96

MARYLAND (continued)

Title UnknownUniversity of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland

MASSACHUSETTS

Expanded Nurse*NTHoward N. JacobsonBoston Hospital for Nomen221 Longwood AvenueBoston, Massachusetts 02115

Surgical AssistantDr. Gerald AustinMassachusetts General Hospital32 FruitBoston, Massachusetts

MINNESOTA

Title Unknown*Alma G. SparrowR.N.University of:$:71:ljnesotaCollege of N16dical Sciences2016 16th Avenue SouthMinneapolis, Minnesota

MISSOURI

Physician AssistantWilliam AkersMedical Administrative OfficerBox 4000Springfield Missouri

NEBRASKA

Title UnknownUniversity of NebraskaMedical CenterLincoln, Nebraska

NEW mpqco

Family Nurse *r. Robert Oseasobn

University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, New Mexico

NEWYORK

-Baccalaureate Program in Health AdministrationSteven M. SchneeweissIthaca CollegeIthaca, New York 14850

Physician's AssistantDr. Victor SidelChief of Community MedicineMontefiore Hospital111 East 210 StreetNew York, New York

Title Unknown*Dr. Nicholas CunninghamMt. Sinai School of MedicineDepartment of Community MedicineFifth Avenue and 100th StreetNew York, New York 10029

Title Unknown*Dr. Shirley MhyerAssistant Commissioner of HealthNew York City Department of Health125 Worth StreetNew York, New York

Cardiopulmonary TechnicianEdmund J. McTernan, ifehnSchool of Allied Health ProfessionsState University of New YorkStony Brook, New York 11790

NORTH CAROLINA

OHIO

Title Unknown*Miss Audry Booth, R.N.Regional Medical ProgramRoxboro RoadDurham, North Carolina

Anesthesia ASsistantDr. j. S. GravensteinProject Director, Anesthesia Assistant ProgramCase Western Reserve University2109 Albert ROadCleveland, OhiO 44106

97

98

OHIO (continued)

Nurse Practitioner*

Commissioner of HealthCleveland Department of HealthCleveland, Ohio

OKLikHOMA

Physician's Assistant10T. John ShearerOklahoma State UniversityStillwater, Oklahoma 74074

OREGON

Family Physician's AssistantDr. Laurel CaseAssistant Professor and HeadDivision of Family PracticeUniversity of Oregon Medical SchoolPortland, Oregon 97201

PENNSYLVANIA

Health Department Nurse*Dr. Pearl PittPhiladelphia Health DepartmentCommunity Nursing Services500 South Broad StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19146

Title Unknown*Dr. Charles-HertzUniversity of Pennsylvania HospitalPediatric DepartmentPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Emergency Medical TechnicianDr. Peter SatarDepartment of AnesthesiaUniversity of PittsburghSchool of MedicinePittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

TENNESSEE

Family Nurse Practitioner*DITTITEerr3anVanderbilt UniversityMedical SchoolNashville, Tennessee 37208

TEXAS

UTAH

Title UnknownAllied FEdllff Careers InstituteEl Centro College of DallasCounty Junior College DistrictMain and Lamar StreetsDallas, Texas 75202

NEDEXFITTE5la Castle, M.D.Intermountain Regional Medical Program50 North Medical DriveSalt Lake City, Utah

WASHINGTON

Cardiopulmonary TechnicianDr. Tata ShieldsSpokane Community CollegeSpokane, Washington

WISCONSIN

Title Unknown*Dr. Charles LobeckProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin Medical SchoolMadison, Wisconsin

99

101

SELECTED REFERENCES

Association of American Medical Colleges. "Report of the AAMC TaskForce on Physician's Assistant Programs." The Association of AmericanMedical Colleges, WaShington, D.C. (Feb. 5) 1970. 6 pp. (Mimeo).

Carlson, Clifford L., and Athelstan, Gary T. "The Physician's Assistant:Versions and Diversions of a Promising Concept." Journal of the AmericanMedical Association, 214:1855-1861 (Dec. 7) 1970.

Collins, M. Clagett, and Bonnyman, G. Gorden. "Physician's Assistantsand Nurse Associates: A Review." Institute for the Study of Health andSociety, Washington, D.C. (Jan.) 1971. 56 pp.

Dilworth, Ava S. "Juint Preparation for Clinical Nurse Specialists."Nursing Outlock, 18:22-25 (Sep.) 1970.

Duke University, Department of Community Health Sciences. "Model Legis-lation Project for Physician's Assistants." Duke University, Durham,North Carolina. (June 30) 1970. 60 pp.

Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Occupational Research Division,American Rehabilitation Foundation. "The Physician's Assistant: AnAnnotated Bibliography." American Rehabilitation Foundation, NEnneapolis,NEnnesota. (Dec.) 1970. 47 pp.

Kadish, Joseph and Long, James W. "The Training of Physician's Assistants:Status and Issues." Journal of the American Medical Association, 212:1047-1051 Nay 11) 1970.

National V;..r.ny of Sciences, Ad Hoc Panel on Neu. Members of the Physician'sHealth Ie'aa, of the Board of Medicine. Report: "New Members of tile Physi-cian's Health Team: Physician's Assistants." National Academy of Sciences,Washington, D.C. 1970. 14 pp.

Points, Thomas C. "Guidelines for Development of New Health Occupations."Journal of the American Medical Association, 213:1169-1171 (Aug. 17) 1970.

112

Documents

This compilation of proarams for training pthysician in 35 ...for assistants to primary care physicians. As of March 1, 1971, however, the details have not been completely developed