Thirty Years of Dsp

8/12/2019 Thirty Years of Dsp

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Digital Signal Processor evolution

over the last 30 years

Franois Charlot

IEEE Senior Memer

!"ril #0$0, revise% March #0$3
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/


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Presentation outline DSP algorithms until the #0$s

Filters% Fast Fourier &rans'orm%S(eech analysis an) synthesis%

*SM channel e+uali,ation &he 'irst )eca)e o' single"chi(

DSPs

Early -0$s. Emerging DSP

mar/ets an) enablers &he great )ivi)e.

Pervasive DSPs% Mobile DSPs%igh"(er'ormance DSPs

Some more DSP algorithms CE1P% MP3% PE*% MPE*"2

Digital Signal Processors -0$s"00$s Pervasive DSPs. hybri) DSPMC4s

Mobile DSPs. &I% com(etition igh"(er'ormance DSPs

S(eciali,e) DSPs

Con'igurable DSPs

56M attem(ts at DSP 5nySP 7 &he best mobile DSP8

FP*5s

Com(arison o' DSPim(lementations

Some 'aile) attem(ts

DSP mar/et

Conclusion


3/79

DSP algorithms until the 80s


4/79

9asic DSP algorithms &he ,"notation is use) to re(resent a sam(le) signal

an) o(erations over it:

&he s(eci'ication o' early DSPs ;as to e


5/79

FI6 an) II6 'ilters FI6 'ilter.

N coe''icients ='ilter or)er>

Stable% coul) be linear (hase: Im(ulse res(onse )ies at

sam(le N:

II6 'ilter.

Much better roll"o'' than

FI6 'ilter 'or a given or)er:


6/79

De'inition o' convolution De'inition.

Combines an in(ut

signal ;ith the im(ulse

res(onse o' the system:

Image source. ?i/i(e)ia article on Convolution
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutionhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution


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E


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E


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Some a((lications o' convolution 6a)ars. analy,ing the measure) im(ulse res(onse

Digital 'ilter )esign Distance (hones calls. echo su((ression

Create an im(ulse res(onse that counteracts that o' the

reverberation:

5u)io. a((ly the im(ulse res(onse o' a real

environment on an au)io signal:


10/79

Correlation Correlation is i)entical to the convolution ;ith the

)i''erence no signal is reverse): 5((lication e


11/79

Fast Fourier &rans'orm =2> &he Discrete Fourier &rans'orm converts a series o'

time")omain values =e:g:% a sam(le) signal> into the're+uency )omain:

&he FF& is an A=N log N> algorithm vs: A=NB> 'or the

DF&: Invente) by Cooley an) &u/ey in -:

Most o'ten it is use) to )ivi)e a N"(oint FF&

into 2 N2 ones =ra)i

' 'N2


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13/79

5((lications o' FF& S(ectral analysis o' signals

Nee) sam(les over a 'ull (erio) o' the signal:

Nee) to a((ly a ;in)o; =e:g:% ann> 'or non"(erio)icsignals so to attenuate the si)e s(ectral lobes:

Fre+uency res(onse o' a system

5lternative to )econvolution Determine in(ut 'rom im(ulse res(onse an) out(ut

1ess com(utationally intensive than convolution

time )omain 're+uency )omain convolution time )omainFF& < IFF&

Image source. ?i/i(e)ia article on ?in)o; 'unctionsan) ;;;:)s(gui)e:com

6ectangularly ;in)o;e) sinusoi)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_functionhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_function


14/79

S(eech analysis an) synthesis &he human s(eech (ro)uction system is mo)ele)

into a linear 'ilter e or ;hite noise =unvoice) s(eech>:

becomes:::=source"'ilter mo)el o' s(eech (ro)uction>

Source. Charles 5: 9ouman% Digital Signal Processing ;ith 5((lications% Pur)ue course ECE G3#% available at cn


15/79

1inear Pre)ictive Co)ing 1inear Pre)ictive Co)ing use) since the mi)"J0$s:

5naly,e the signal over a time ;in)o; )uring ;hich the mo)el(arameters may be )eeme) constant =H20"2 ms>:

&ransmit the voiceunvoice) state% the 're+uency value% all(arameters o' the 'ilter:

Some bits are more im(ortant than others% hence the nee) 'orchannel enco)ing)eco)ing

E


16/79

*SM voice an) channel co)ec &he 'ull rate *SM co)ec uses 6PE"1&P"1PC.

1PC 'or short"term (re)iction =#"stage 'ilter>:

1ong"&erm Pre)iction. 1PC signal is reconstructe) an) correlate) ;ith the original one

;ith a lag o' G0"20:

&he ma


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*SM channel e+uali,ation Some training bits are a))e) to the *SM 'rames to

allo; learning o' the channel res(onse.

Diagram o' the *SM channel e+uali,er.


19/79

&he Literbi algorithm 5))"com(are"select.

5ccumulate (ath metrics Deco)e most li/ely (ath

Source. Pro': Lla)imir Stoanovic% :-J3 Communication System Design course lecture notes% htt(.oc;:mit:e)u
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-973-communication-system-design-spring-2006/http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-973-communication-system-design-spring-2006/


20/79

Numbers re(resentation "bit integer. "32J#::32JJ

notation scales ":: u( to "32J#::32JJ 1imits the re"scaling nee)s )uring the com(utations

since multi(lications stay ;ithin the ":: interval:

< 30

5))itions may re+uire e


21/79

The first decade of single-chip DSPs


22/79

Early times o' DSP$ing&ime Frame 5((roach Primary 5((lication Enabling &echnologies

Early -J0$s Discrete logic Non"real time

(rocessing Simulation

9i(olar SSI% MSI

FF& algorithm =->

1ate -J0$s 9uil)ing bloc/ Military ra)ars

Digital Comm:

Single chi( bi(olar

multi(lier

Flash 5D

Early -#0$s Single Chi( DSP P &elecom Control

P architectures NMASCMAS

1ate -#0$s Function5((lication

s(eci'ic chi(s

Com(uters

Communication

Lector (rocessing

Parallel (rocessing

Early --0$s Multi(rocessing Li)eoimage

(rocessing

5)vance)

multi(rocessing

L1I?% MIMD% etc:

1ate --0$s Single"chi(

multi(rocessing

?ireless tele(hony

Internet relate)

1o; (o;er single"

chi( DSP

Multi(rocessing

Source. Pro': urt eut,er% 9er/eley course CS"22% 2000
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/CS252http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/CS252


23/79

DSP conte


24/79

DSP re+uirements% #0$s to early -0$s Multi(ly"accumulate

Scaling ='i


25/79

&he very 'irst )evices Intel 2-20 =-J#>. 5DD5% shi't"an)"a)) =no MPQ>%

-2";or) (rogram memory% no (rogram 'lo;control: G: m NMAS:

5MI S2# =-J->. "bit 514% 2. true DSP but not 'or merchant

mar/et: G: m NMAS:

NEC JJ20 =-#0>. 32"bit 514%


26/79

Enter the &I &MS3200::: -J. &MS--00 "bit P% ahea) o' its time:

-J#. &I Management reali,es it is not ma/ing the

nee)e) hea);ay in the P mar/et: 1oo/ 'or ne hire) 'rom Plessey 4:

Se(: -#. start o' 'irst sam(les 'abrication:

Feb: -#2. Magar (resents (a(er at ISSCC:Source. 5:?: 1eigh% &he &MS3200: &he DSP chi( that change) the )estiny o' a semicon)uctor giant:
http://www.tiretirees.org/historian/TMS32010-12.pdfhttp://www.tiretirees.org/historian/TMS32010-12.pdf


27/79

Some &MS3200 'acts an) 'igures 3 =2:J> m NMAS% J%000 transistors% G3:# mmB:

M, instruction rate% 2"cycle M5C: GG";or) 65M% : ; 6AM:

65M si,e 'its a G"(oint FF&:

Initially no har);are multi(lier 7 Magar (ut it in -J-: Initially internal 6AM only% 2G"(in (ac/age:

Micro(rocessor mo)e a))e) early -# =&MSJ000 'ee)bac/>:

Features a))e) to ma/e the chi( sel'"emulating =e:

Initially ;as to be name) &MS000 ='rom the &MS000>:

3200 ma)e u( 'rom 32 =bits>% 0 ='irst )evice in series> an) 0

=e


28/79

9loc/ )iagram an) )ie (hotogra(h


29/79

&MS320C


30/79


31/79

Floating"(oint vs: 'i


32/79

Floating"(oint DSPs in the #0$s itachi D#0 =-#2>. very 'irst one%

"bit numbers =m2eG>: NEC JJ230 =-#>. 'irst (ractical oneK 32"bit storage%

"bit m(y% 20 ns cycle time:

&MS320C30 =-##>% 5&T& DSP32C =-##>% Motorola-002 =-#->

Some &MS320C30 'eatures.

0 ns cycle time% M? a))ress s(ace% # )ata registers%regular instruction set% instruction cache% DM5 controller%

guar) bits:::


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34/79

*arl+ 0s, The great diide


35/79

Emerging DSP mar/ets an) enablers Multime)ia% image enco)ing MP3. --3% MPE*"2. --% MPE*"G. --#

Mobile communications% base stations

First *SM (ilot net;or/ in --

Digital control% enable) by lo;er costs

--G. &MS320C2. J%000 transistors

&MS320C0 =-#->. M transistors Cray"5 CP4 =-J"-J-> ;as 2:M

1o;er (o;er consum(tion

XC0 ;as :#< lo;er (o;er =ty(: U L> than the &MS3200

;hile 'eaturing a G< instruction rate:


36/79

&he great )ivi)e Pervasive DSPs

Entry"level% variety o' on"chi( (eri(herals% general"(ur(oseca(abilities eliminating MC4% lo; cost:::

Mobile DSPs

Mobile communications stan)ar)s setting stringentre+uirements =interru(t res(onse time% bit"e%

(o;er consum(tion =energy'unction% not (o;er (er M,>%

)igital consumer a((lications:

igh"(er'ormance DSPs

Multi(le on"chi( e


37/79

Ather maor DSP tren)s E''icient C (rogramming% hybri) MC4DSP ca(abilities:

Emergence o' IP ven)ors 56M% 56C =no; Syno(sys>% DSP *rou( =no; CEL5>% &ensilica:::

Core"base) )esign. cDSP% C2


38/79

5 loo/ at so't;are 'or &I DSPs -#J. YDigital Signal Processing 5((lications ;ith the &MS320

FamilyZ te

--. &I s(onsors the 'irst E)ucators$ Con'erence 'or DSPe)ucators an) researchers

--3. &MS320 So't;are Coo(erative --. An"1ine DSP 1ab% ??? DSP hotline

--J. &I ac+uires S(ectron Microsystems =SPAV [st)io% DSPmath (/g\% 9IASuite> an) *A DSP =Co)e Com(oser Stu)io>

--#. 6eal"&ime Data E ---. eV(ressDSP =CCS% DSP9IAS% 5PIs>

M5&159Simulin/% SP?% LisSimEmbe))e) Controls Develo(er


39/79


40/79

CE1P variants 6e+uire) to re)uce com(utational com(le.

Co)e vectors are linear combinations o' a 'e; basis vectors:

5mericas D"5MPS IS"G =--0% G MIPS>% 6eal5u)io =-->:::

5CE1P =5lgebraic>.

1arge co)eboo/ containing very 'e; (ulses o' O am(litu)e: *SM EF6 =E&SI% --% G MIPS>%

5M6 =3*PP% --# % G MIPS>:::

*:J2- =--% 2"20 MIPS>.

5)a(tive co)eboo/ to enco)e(ast resi)uals =ste( > then'i


41/79

MPE*"2 au)io layer 3 =MP3% --3>

23 MIPS enco)e% 2 MIPS )eco)e =XC

32 ban)s

J (oints

02G (oints Com(ares energy human hearing threshol)s

Aut(uts Signal"to"Mas/ 6atio =SM6> 'or each ban)

Inner loo( =bit rate>. +uanti,ation u''man co)ing

Auter loo( =noise>. a)ustment o' o''en)ing sub"ban)s

Figures o' SPI6I& DSP im(lementation 7 ;;;:s(irit)s(:com


42/79

Still"image com(ression &rans'orm

XC


43/79

Motion estimation Intra" an) (re)ictive"co)e) 'rames:

Image )ivi)e) in


44/79

Image (ost"(rocessing 6emoving arti'acts.

De"bloc/ing =see images> De"ringing. remove )istortions

near e)ges o' image 'eatures:

Color"s(ace conversion. Q4L 6*9

Lery intensive since (er'orme) at (i


45/79

Control"oriente) (eri(herals Pulse ?i)th Mo)ulation

Dea)"ban) control

ua)rature Enco)er

Images source. C2#< DSP Design ?or/sho(% &e


46/79

9enchmar/ing DSP (er'ormance 9D&I DSP ernel benchmar/s

FI6% 1MS% II6% FF&% vector )ot (ro)ucta))ma

I% FI6% FF&% slicer =FF& to 5M constellation>% Literbi

9D&I Li)eo Enco)er% Deco)er an) ernel benchmar/s Debloc/ing% DC&% motion com(ensation an) estimation%

image resi,e

5lso at 9D&I. Com(arison high"level synthesis on FP*5 an) 6&1 or XCG


47/79


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Pervasive DSPs

-##. &MS320CG

456&% timers% ca(ture in(uts% com(are out(uts =P?M>%EP6AM

Positione) to;ar)s motor control an) automotive =59S:::>

--. W 'or a &MS320C< DSP = /units> XC2


49/79

&I hybri) DSPMC4s --#. XC2J G0 M,% 9 'lash65M% # P?M% 2 M, 2"bit 5DC

Similar (rice as 56M Corte< M3 microcontrollers =same 'eatures>

5((lications. Digital motor control% automotive =hybri)% (o;er steering%

% rene;able energy% lighting% (o;er line comms%(recision sensing an) control:::

Com(etition. 5nalog 2--


51/79


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Mobile DSPs timeline0 # 00 0#

Texas &nstruments XC< XCG< XC starts in the #0$s:

e:g: nC49E 0 =-#% 02G (rocessors>:

Some (rocessors are )esigne) ;ith high"s(ee) lin/s:

Inmos &rans(uter &22 =-#G% "bit 'i

&I &MS320CG0 =--0% 32"bit '(>

5DI 5DSP"20< YS56CZ =--G% 32"bit '(>

Early X-0s. silicon bu)get starts allo;ing multi(le

e


54/79

igh (er'ormance DSPs timeline) 00 0# 10

Texas &nstruments fixedXC2

00 Mb(s high mobility G* ;ireless.

-0 nm% L% 300 M,. :3 ? =est:> G nm% 0:# L% 300 M,. #0 m? 7 000 Mo(sm?^

igh +uality :2G GCIF 30 '(s )eco)ing. 0 m? =-0 nm>

FP*5s in )igital signal (rocessing


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FP*5s in )igital signal (rocessing

200G. FP*5s a((eare) in the EDN DSP Directory:

5ltera DSP 9uil)er inter'aces ;ith M5&159Simulin/K

FI6 an) II6 MegaCores: Vilin< Lirte< II. u( to #:Su((ort o' M5&159% Simulin/ an) SP?:

Mar/ets. 5eros(ace)e'ense% broa)castvi)eoimaging%

;ireless in'rastructure:

200. Vilin< intro)uces VtremeDSP (lat'orm:

De'ines VtremeDSP slices buil)ing bloc/s =m(y% a))sub:::>:

1o;"cost )evelo(ment environment:

20. Vilin< ac+uires 5utoES1:

DSPFP*5 system (artitioning


71/79

DSPFP*5 system (artitioning 5ltera$s vie; o' an AFDM5 base station.

Source. 5ltera ;hite (a(er ?P"00G3":0% Actober 200J
http://www.altera.com/literature/wp/wp-01003.pdfhttp://www.altera.com/literature/wp/wp-01003.pdf


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Com(arison o' DSP im(lementations


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Com(arison o' DSP im(lementations

&mplementation t+pe %rea Po7er 3lexi;ilit+ S75 De5


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Conclusion


78/79

DSP technology has enable) many a((lications:

Si,e o' this mar/et has attracte) many com(etitors ;ith a

broa) set o' o(timi,e) solutions: 1o;"(er'ormance% lo;"cost DSP against MC4s:

1o;"(o;er% high"volume DSP against 5SSP ;ithcon'igurable (rocessors or licensable DSP cores: CEL5. In'ineon% 9roa)com% Me)ia&e/% S(rea)trum% S&"Ericsson::: &ensilica. N&& DoCoMoNECFuitsuPanasonic:

igh"(er'ormance DSP against MC4FP*5 an) 5SSP ;ithcon'igurable (rocessors or licensable DSP cores or DSParrays: PicoChi(% &ilera:::


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Documents

Thirty Years of Dsp