Third Edition

Chapter 3: Greek Civilization

Greek CivilizationI. Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 B.C.E.

II. The Greek Encounter with the Persian Empire

III. The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 B.C.E.

Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 B.C.E.A. Writing and Poetry During the Archaic Age1) Phoenician alphabet

a) Homer – “The Iliad” and “The Odyssey”

Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 B.C.E.B. Political Developments During the Archaic Age1) The Olympic Games and Greek Unity

a) Olympia, 776 B.C.E.-217 C.E.

Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 B.C.E.B. Political Developments During the Archaic Age2) Colonization and the Settlement of New Lands

a) Corinth

b) Megara

c) Sicily

d) Cyprus

e) Crete – metropoleis and coinage

Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 B.C.E.B. Political Developments During the Archaic Age3) The Hoplite Revolution

a) Hoplites

b) Phalanx

4) The Rise of the Tyrantsa) Bacchiads

Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 B.C.E.C. Contrasting Societies of the Archaic Age1) Oligarchy

2) Democracy

3) Sparta: A Militarized Societya) Gerousia, Damos, Helots

Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 B.C.E.C. Contrasting Societies of the Archaic Age4) Athens: Toward Democracy

a) Attica

b) Solon, 650-570 B.C.E.- Archon- Thetes- Boule

c) Peisistratus, 590-528 B.C.E.

d) Cleisthenes

The Greek Encounter with PersiaA. Cyrus the Great and Persian Expansion1) Cyrus, r. 550-530 B.C.E.

2) Cambyses II, r. 5290522 B.C.E.a) Royal Road

3) Zoroastrianism: An Imperial Religiona) Zoroaster

- Avesta- Dualism- Afterlife

The Greek Encounter with PersiaB. Persia Under Darius the Great1) Great King

a) Improved roads

b) Postal system

c) Standardized coinage

The Greek Encounter with Persia (cont'd)

C. The Persian Wars, 490-479 B.C.E.1) Marathon

2) Themistocles, 523-458 B.C.E.

3) Xerxes I

4) Leonidas

5) Thermopylae

The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 B.C.E.

A. The Rise and Fall of the Athenian Empire1) From Defensive Alliance to Empire

a) Delian League

2) Democracy in the Age of Periclesa) Pericles, 490-429 B.C.E.

- Generals- Women’s role in society

The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 B.C.E.

A. The Rise and Fall of the Athenian Empire3) The Peloponnesian War and the Collapse of

Athenian Powera) Alcibiades, 450-404 B.C.E.

- Surrender of Athens, 404 B.C.E.

The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 B.C.E.

B. Social and Religious Life in the Classical Age1) Gender Roles

a) Priestesses- Hetairai- Aspasia- “Sacred Band”

The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 B.C.E.

B. Social and Religious Life in the Classical Age2) Slavery: The Source of Greek Prosperity

a) Public slaves

b) Private slaves

3) Religion and the Godsa) Religious calendars

The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 B.C.E.

C. Cultural and Intellectual Life in Classical Greece1) Drama

2) Tragediesa) Aeschylus - Oresteia

b) Sophocles – Antigone & Oedipus, the King

c) Euripides - The Trojan Women

The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 B.C.E.

C. Cultural and Intellectual Life in Classical Greece3) Comedies

a) Aristophanes - The Birds

4) Scientific Thought

5) Historya) Herodotus, 484-420 B.C.E.

b) Thucydides of Athens