They made many Imhotep was King Zoser’s chief architect

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Craftspeople were highly skilled and well respected. They made all the things that people needed in their everyday lives.

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They made many different objects from metal and wood, including furniture, statues and jewellery.

Many of them made works of art for the pharaohs, for the temples or for wealthy families.

smelting copper in the workshop

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Imhotep was King Zoser’s chief architect. Almost 5,000 years ago he built the Step Pyramid for the king. It is thought to be the first stone building in the world.

Ancient Egyptians worshipped Imhotep as the god of architecture.Sa

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We don’t know the names of many other Ancient Egyptian builders and craftsmen, but we know how skilled they were by looking at their work.

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Stone masons often made huge statues from blocks of stone or carved pieces of art out of the side of rocks.

First, a designer drew a grid on the sides of a block of stone. Then he added outlines of the shape he wanted to carve.

His assistants and apprentices would then help him carve the figure.Sa

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Drawings showing stone masons at work.Sa

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This is a stone mason finishing a large statue.

Often his workwas started at the quarry before the roughly carved block was moved into place.

Once in place, the statue would be finished.Samp

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These are two huge stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that would have been carved from massive blocks of stone.

They are 18 metres high!Samp

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This statue shows Seneb, his wife and children. Seneb was a dwarf who looked after the royal family’s clothes.

The artist has made Seneb’s children tiny so that they fit in the space below his legs.Sa

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Sculptors worked in workshops set up by the king, priests or other important people. In each workshop a master craftsman worked with a group of assistants and apprentices who were learning their craft.

Sculptors in the workshop

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Sculptors made statues and statuettes but they also did work in reliefreliefreliefrelief. This means that they carved figures or designs so that they stood out from their stone background.

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Egyptian artists worked in teams. They decorated tombs, temples and palaces and were taught by a master craftsman.Sa

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The walls of tombs were covered in paintings that were all about the person who had died.

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This painting comes from the tomb of Nebamunwho was an important official and scribe in Ancient Egypt. Painters usually arranged the figures in their pictures in rows. The most important figure was painted larger than the other figures.Sa

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Egyptian artists made careful drawings before they started a painting. A grid of squares was drawn first to make sure the proportions were right. This wooden drawing board, marked with a grid, shows a seated king.The drawing board could be cleaned and used again. Sa

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The artists drew outlines before they added paint.

This painting from the tomb of Ptahmes was never finished.

Ptahmes was an Egyptian general and scribe.Sa

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There were rules about drawing. People were drawn looking to the side and their feet also pointed to the side.

Faces were painted with one eye looking forward.Sa

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Tomb paintings tell us a lot about daily life in Ancient Egypt.

These girls are at a party. They are wearing wigs with perfumed wax cones on their heads.

The heat of their bodies slowly melted the scented wax which ran though their hair – or their wigs!Sa

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Egyptian potters used mud from the river Nile as a source of clay for making pots. They made all sorts of containers (vessels) from clay including storage jars, cooking pots and serving vessels.

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preparing clay

making bowls

lighting the kiln

taking pots from the kiln

taking the pots away

Drawings from a tomb paintingDrawings from a tomb paintingDrawings from a tomb paintingDrawings from a tomb paintingSa

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The pots would be taken to market and sold on a pottery stall like the one in this model.

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Most craftspeople were men and many of them learned their trade at a very young age.

Here are carpenters working with chisels and saws.Samp

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Tools used by Egyptian carpenters were similar to modern tools.

The adzeadzeadzeadze had a metal blade attached to a wooden handle.

It was used to hacksmall pieces of wood

from larger blocks, to shape objects and to smooth rough wooden surfaces.Sa

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The bow drillbow drillbow drillbow drill was used in woodworking and furniture making to make holes. When the bow was pushed backwards and forwards it made the drill rotate.

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Axes, adzes, chisels, drills and hammers were made of a metal called bronze.Sa

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This is a model of a carpentry shop which was found in a tomb in ancient Egypt.

It would have been made by a carpenter.

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Many models were found in tombs.

This is a model chariot that was found in a tomb.

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Most Egyptian houses had very little furniture. Trees were scarce in the desert! Wooden bed frames and stools however, were common in most houses.

Almost everyone had a wooden chest for storing their clothes and a small wooden box for storing their make-up.

Pharaohs andthe wealthy would often have beautiful chairs or thrones.Sa

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This model, found in a tomb, shows men blowing through thin pipes to make the fire very hot.

They heated special sand in the fire and made it into glass.Sa

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Molten glass was blown, or cast in moulds. Glass beads and jewellery inlaid with glass were very popular. Sa

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This tomb painting shows men drilling and stringing glass beads.

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Egyptian craftsmen made beautiful jewellery. Several craftsmen shared a workshop but specialised in working with different materials such as gold, semi-precious stones and beads.Many of these have been found in the tombs ofpharaohs and other wealthy officials.Sa

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They made many Imhotep was King Zoser’s chief architect