COST Action FP0904

Fi MC 27/05/2010First MC : 27/05/2010End of Action: 26/05/2014

Thermo Hydro Mechanical WoodThermo‐Hydro‐Mechanical Wood Behaviour and Processing g

Parviz Navi

Ab COST• About COST

• COST ‐ European Cooperation in the field ofCOST  European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research ‐ is one of the longest‐running European instruments supporting cooperation among scientists andsupporting cooperation among scientists and researchers across Europe. COST is also the fi t d id t E i t t lfirst and widest European intergovernmental network for coordination of nationally funded yresearch activities.

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ContentsContents• Introduction

• Examples of THM Treatments

C l i d Obj ti f COST A ti FP0904• Conclusions and Objectives of COST Action FP0904

• Scientific programp g

• Organisation

Ti t bl• Time‐table

• Budget plan for the first periodg p p

• Place and date of next meeting

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I t d tiIntroduction

Introduction

• Recent results show that wood can be modified through Thermo‐Hydro‐Mechanicalmodified through Thermo Hydro Mechanical (THM) treatments to produce high value added products. p

• Wood is a polymeric and porous material• Wood is a polymeric and porous material.

• Tg of wood is reduced by increasing the MC.

• Chemical structure of wood constituents are changed under the high temperature, water d iand time. 

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N C tIntroduction

New Concepts

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Examples of THM closed‐systemExamples of THM closed system

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The nature of deformation:The nature of deformation: large strain, crashing (buckling) and friction

Sample after 5% densification early wood

Sample after  65% densification, late wooddensification, early wood densification, late wood (Navi and Heger, 2005)

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Transformation of a circular trunk to a square section trunk by 2‐D densification (Ito et al.1998)

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Photo of two pieces of densified wood fabricated by “Compressed Lumber Processing system”;by  Compressed Lumber Processing system ; Sugi and Hinoki (Japan) 

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Example of tube constructionExample of tube constructionTHM open‐system

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Tube Spruce, fabricated by densified bended wood panels,p , y p ,Photo P. Haller (2008)

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Manufacturing Principle 

1. Charge 2. Closure 3. Pressure

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g

Filament winding of moulded tubes (Haller, 2009)

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Hot plate press open‐system (Haller, 2009)

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Wood joining by friction weldingWood joining by friction welding

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Photo of multi‐layer consisted of alternated layers of spruce and beech bonded by circular friction welding (according to Stamm et al. 2005).

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Joining of wood pieces by dowel within Sitka spruce samples.Joining of wood pieces by dowel within Sitka spruce samples. Anticlockwise from top right: control, heat treated, acetylated, furfurylated (Jones and Pizzi, 2009)

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y , y ( , )

X ray of dowel insertion used for joining two wood piecesX‐ray of dowel insertion used for joining two wood pieces (Ganne‐Chedeville et al. 2005)

Micro crack, bonding not occurred

M lt t i l h fl d i th kMolten material has flowed in the crack

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A linear welding machine (BFH, Switzerland)

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Construction of surfing board using LF welding(BFH Switzerland 2008)

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(BFH, Switzerland 2008)

Surface densificationSurface densification

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Scanning micrograph in the vicinity of the boundary between the compressed and uncompressed portions (Imoue et al. 1990)

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Up‐scaled problemsUp scaled problems (THM closed‐system)

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Up scaling demonstration in THMUp‐scaling demonstration in THM

Photo of a two layered wall THM reactor, opened state

Production line (Plato international TH Wood), Netherlands 2009opened state. 

Diameter of the cylinder is 20 cm (Navi et al. 2005)

Netherlands 2009

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Conclusion

TH/THM Industry need

Process variables:Process variables:

• Close versus open Systems

W t d S t• Wet versus dry Systems

• Wood species

• Time and temperature of treatment

• Sample dimensions

TH and THM treatments are parts of k l d b d t h l (R hknowledge‐based technology (Research oriented technology)gy)

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Conclusion

To understand wood TH/THM behavior collaboration betweenwood communities (mechanical, chemical, physics) both fromacademia and industry is needed, which making the researchmultidisciplinary.

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Conclusion

Main/Primary objectives

To improve the knowledge on wood mechanical andphysical behavior and its chemical degradation duringphysical behavior and its chemical degradation duringThermo‐Hydro‐Mechanical processing, and its

li i id i dapplication to wide‐ranging wood treatment systems.This Action will help overcome challenges related to thescaling‐up of research findings and industrialproduction, optimization processing conditions,p , p p g ,improvement product properties

and developing innovative product ranges from theand developing innovative product ranges from theunderstanding of THM processing

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S i tifiScientific program

Scientific program

AIM : Improving knowledge on THM wood behaviour and processingprocessing

• Chemical degradation of wood under TH treatment (WG1)

• Improving knowledge and modelling of THM behaviour of• Improving knowledge and modelling of THM behaviour of wood (WG2)

I ti ti th h i f t l ti f• Investigation the mechanisms of stress relaxation for new products by THM‐open systems (WG3)

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WG1Scientific program

WG1

• Topics: Chemical degradation of wood under TH treatment (TH)

• Methods: Chemical and mechanical testing application of• Methods: Chemical and mechanical testing, application of analytical instruments such as; Gas Phase Chromatography (GPC) Capillary Viscometer Analyser (CVA) X‐Ray Diffraction(GPC), Capillary Viscometer Analyser (CVA), X Ray Diffraction (XRD)

• Deliverable: Increased understanding of chemical degradation• Deliverable: Increased understanding of chemical degradation of wood constituents in terms of T, H and processing time, localisation of the degradation and its influence on woodlocalisation of the degradation and its influence on wood characteristics

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WG2Scientific program

WG2

• Topics: Modelling of THM behaviour of wood (THM)

• Methods: Numerical modelling of wood THM moulding• Methods: Numerical modelling of wood THM moulding process, characterization of the mechanical and physical 

ti f d d i t t tproperties of wood during treatment.

• Deliverable: Better understanding of THM‐close system processing of large size elements (scale up), optimization of process parameters, risk analysis of cracks and damage, virtual testing and design of new reactors.

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WG3Scientific program

WG3

• Topics: New Products by THM (NPTHM)

• Methods: Experimentations modelling of stress relaxation• Methods: Experimentations, modelling of stress relaxation, fracture analysis of wood by open system 

• Deliverable: Understanding the mechanisms intervening in• Deliverable: Understanding the mechanisms intervening in localized shape memory (present in products using open‐THM treatments surface densification friction welding) materialtreatments, surface densification, friction welding), material fracture, fixation of compression set‐recovery, model validation mechanisms of TH stress relaxationvalidation, mechanisms of TH stress relaxation 

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H thi ill b hi d?Organisation

How this will be achieved?

Through exchange of ideas and knowledge from academia and the industry from multi‐disciplinary areas. This will be y p ydone by: • Assembling the experts / providing a forumAssembling the experts / providing a forum• Coordinating research activities• Joint collaboration among different laboratories• Joint collaboration among different laboratories, 

exchange of personnel and access to specialist equipmentequipment

• Encouraging development of computer simulationN t ki ith COST C t i (N Z l d• Networking with non‐ COST Countries (New Zeeland, Australia, Japan, Canada, USA)

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Place and date of next meeting

First Action FP0904 Workshop will be held in Biel (Bi ) S it l d 16 18 F b 2011(Bienne), Switzerland on 16‐18  Feb. 2011

• Deadline for abstract : 31 10 2010• Deadline for abstract : 31.10.2010

• Deadline for registration: 19.11.2010

• Forms for abstract and registration in Action Website• Forms for abstract and registration in Action Website : www.cost‐fp0904.ahb.bfh.ch

• For more information please contact :For more information please contact :

• Parviz.navi@bfh.ch

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Thank you

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O i tiOrganisation

Organisation

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Ti t bl d Mil tOrganisation

Timetable and Milestones

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Mil tOrganisation

Milestones• MS1: Identification of methods where THM plays a part, list of database 

on type of properties, kind of experimental devices, THM instruments in each of the laboratories on going projects in Europe and other places andeach of the laboratories, on going projects in Europe and other places, and joint research activities prepared (M6)

• MS2: Scientific programmes, methods, models and cross‐sectional contacts examined (M12)contacts examined (M12)

• MS3: First results collected and based on collaboration/ interactions/ networking between different communities (universities and industry) evaluated (M24)evaluated (M24)

• MS4: Interim report on conclusion on final steps and dissemination measures made, document outlining current activities in THM research d d l t (M36)and development (M36)

• MS5: Final results collected and evaluated, final report and a new state of art book on TH/THM wood processing completed, second international 

f i i i i i hi COST A i d idconference reporting on activities within COST Action and outside development (M48)

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Di i tiOrganisation

Dissemination

How we can reach the potentially interested parties!• To the research Community

B i i i bli i ( k h d f ) J iBy invitation to public meetings (workshops and conferences), Joint activities with other COST Actions (e.g. FP0802, IE0601, C25), scientific publications, info on website

• To stakeholders from Industry (forest products, paper)Via existing cooperation, invitation to public meetings

• To European and national associations and confederations• To European and national associations and confederationsVia personal contacts, invitation to public meetings 

• To European platforms like FTPp pVia personal contacts, invitation to public meetings

• To the general public (students, etc. )By printed and electronic publications website public lecturesBy printed and electronic publications, website, public lectures

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C t i dOrganisation

Countries concerned

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