System Level Preliminary Design ReviewFriday, January 15, 201010:30am – 12:00pm

Dept of Mechanical Engineering Christopher Brol (Team Lead) Aaron Dibble Ian Donahue Kevin Molocznik

Dept of Industrial Engineering Neal McKimpson

WHO estimates more than 3 billion people rely on biomass fuels

NGO partnership with Haiti Outreach-Pwoje Espwa

Funded by EPA P3 Energy Research Grant

Develop a biomass stove with focus on improved combustion efficiency

Image ref: Than, Ker. "Haiti Earthquake, Deforestation Heighten Landslide Risk." National Geographic Daily News. N.p., Jan.-Feb. 2010. Web. 14 Jan. 2010. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/01/100114-haiti-earthquake-landslides/>.

Mission Develop a stove design that has been

optimized in such a way that it will see a significant reduction in fuel consumption and reduction in emissions, in comparison with current stoves

Considerable application of engineering principles in fluid mechanics and heat transfer

Subsystem #2Combustion

Process

Kevin Molocznik

Subsystem #1Structural Design

Aaron Dibble

Subsystem #3Thermo/Fluids

Analysis

Ian Donahue

Subsystem #4Sustainability

Neal McKimpson

Project Manager

Chris Brol

Customer Need # Importance Description Comments/Status

CN1 14% The stove reduces hazardous emissions

CN2 12% The stove consumes 1/2 the fuel of traditional stoves Need benchmark

CN3 12% The stove accomodates Haitian vendor cookware Approx. range of pot sizes

CN4 10% The stove reduces the boiling/cooking time of traditional stoves Need benchmark

CN5 9% The stove is stable during operation

CN6 9% The stove is affordable to Haitian vendors

CN7 8% The stove is simple and intuitive to use

CN8 7% The stove conforms to Haitian cooking standards

CN9 5% The outer surface of the stove is cool-to-touch

CN10 4% The stove can be manufactured using local materials

CN11 4% The stove can be maintained/repaired using readily available resources

CN12 4% The stove is as durable as traditional stoves

CN13 1% The stove can be transported like a traditional vendor stove Multiple pieces?

CN14 < 1% The user can control the heat/flame intensity Interface w/ P10462

Engr. Spec. # Source Specification (description) Unit of Measure Marginal Value Ideal Value Comments/Status

ES1 CN10, CN11 Number of total pieces # Minimize

ES2 CN10, CN11 Number of removable components # Minimize

ES3 CN6 Cost of final system $ Minimize Payment plan is possible

ES4 Size of final stove m, m2, m3

ES5 CN3 Range of pot sizes m 8in-18in Applicable to vendor pot sizes

ES6 Airflow through stove ccm Maximize

ES7 Pressure rise through stove Pa How to test/define this?

ES8 Temperature difference through stove °C Finite element analysis

ES9 CN12 Lifetime of stove years >3 Maximize

ES10 Pieces of documentation # Maximize

ES11 Range of heat output J Interface w/ P10451

ES12 Ambient operating temperature °C

ES13 CN4, CN8 Time to cook typical Haitian meal min:sec Defined from Haiti contacts

ES14 CN4, CN8 Minimum required run time for the stove min:sec

ES15 CN1 Hazardous emissions (particulates) mg 1000-2000 1500 Interface w/ P10451

ES16 CN1 Emissions (CO2, CO) mg 0-500 250 Interface w/ P10451

ES17 CN1 Hazardous emissions (hydrocarbons) mg Interface w/ P10451

ES18 CN1 NOx emissions mg Interface w/ P10451

ES19 CN4, CN8 Average startup/prep. Time min:sec

ES20 CN5 Side-force to tip stove N Maximize

ES21 CN5 Top/load force to collapse/destabilize N Maximize

ES22 CN9 Maximum temperature of outside surface during operation °C Minimize

ES23 CN2 Fuel consumption kg Minimize Interface w/ P10451 (WBT, CCT)

ES24 CN13 System portability Y/N

ES25 Size of fan and thermo-electric module m, m2, m3 Interface w/ P10462

ES26 Overall stove sustainability eco-points Minimize Environmental impact of materials & process

Reduce Thermal Losses

Cook Food

Load Fuel

Transfer Heat to

Pot

Burn Fuel

Hold Pot

Intensity of Heat Generat

ed

Control Combustion Rate

Clean

Burn

Efficient Burn

Support Weight of

Pot

Flame Size

Stable to

Tipping

Conductive Losses

Convective Losses

Clean Emissions

Optimal Air/Fuel Ratio

Temperature of Pot Holder

Heat FlowMaterials

Used

Store Fuel

Support

Weight of Fuel

Area Large Enough for Fuel

Optimize Air Flow

Air Hole Placemen

t

Stove

Shell

Combustion

Fuel

Air

Ignition

HeatHeat

EmissionsEmissions

Pot HolderPower/Fan/T.E.

(P10462)

Air Flow

Pot Weight

Heat

Space Constraint

Pot

Greatly reduces emissions

May burn equally as well as TLUD provided charcoal is only fuel used

Insulated chimney creates an up-draft to burn hotter and cleaner

Flame/heat control through addition/removal of fuel

2 stage combustion

Gasification-to-Combustion

Fan greatly improves combustion

Uses fan to push air in from the side

Power-supply and fan could be contained within a housing

Requires insulating material

Uses chimney effect to burn up bad emissions

No fan is needed

Uses chimney effect to burn up bad emissions

No fan is needed

2 stage combustion

Gasification-to-Combustion

Fan greatly improves combustion