There’s a science To feeding The worldThere is no question that we face daunting challenges in feeding the world today—challenges that will get only more daunting in the decades to come. But DuPont—and its collaborators across the food chain—are optimistic, as scientific innovations have already significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of food production. These contributions include: •Maximizingtheyieldpotentialofseeds–eveninharshconditions; •Keepingcropspest-freeanddisease-free; •Enhancingthenutritionalvalueofstaplefoods; •Detectingcontaminationbeforeitcausessickness;and •Reducingwastebypackagingfoodtoprotectitfromcontaminantsanddecay.Throughthescientificmethod–research,applicationofpriorknowledgeandinnovation–mankindhasthecapacitytoaddressthefoodcrisis,ifonlytheglobalcommunitycanalsofindthe will to address the political, economic, trade, infrastructure and regulatory issues that will also play a critical role in achieving food security. DuPont sees the achievement of global food security and safety by 2050 as a mission built upon four pillars: •Scienceisuniversal,butsolutionsarelocal:Althoughscienceprovidesuniversalanswers,

solutions must be local, due to wide variations in a number of environmental factors, including climate, soils and pests, as well as cultural traditions and issues surrounding transportation/distribution infrastructures.

•Collaborationunlocksanswers:Solutionsmustbecollaborative—reachedinconcertwithfarmers,communities,localbusinesses,governmentsandNGOswhoknowthe“factsontheground,”andwithglobalcorporationswithspecializedexpertisetohelpsolvespecificproblems.

•Sciencemustbecomelocalwisdom:Know-howmustbebroughttothepeopleandplacesthatneeditmost.Workingside-by-sidewiththepopulationineducationandoutreacheffortstransfersknowledgetothecommunitieswhoneedittosecuretheirfutures.

•Solutionsmustbesustainableinthebroadestsenseoftheword:Thefoodsupplymustcontinuallyexpand,whilealsoconsideringsocial,economicandecologicalfactorssuchasinfrastructure, storage and waste and improving and preserving water quality.

DuPontcollaborationsinagriculture,nutrition,foodprotection,packagingandbiosciencesprovide guidance for future efforts to increase food security and safety all over the world.

Lookingforwardto2050TheAdvisoryCommitteeonAgriculturalInnovationandProductivityforthe21stCentury,convenedbyDuPontandchairedbyformerU.S.SenatorTomDaschle,hasreportedthatthefoodsecuritychallengefacingmankindisthree-fold.Wemust: •Producemorefoodandincreasethenutritionalvalueoffood; •Makefoodaccessibleandaffordableforpeople;and

•Addressthechallengeinacontinuouslymoresustainableandcomprehensiveway.The applied science of DuPont and its collaborators has already made great strides in meeting the challenge by: •Developingsoysupplementstomakeproteinavailableandaffordable; •Producinghigheryieldvarietiesofcornandrice; •Helpingproducersmeetenvironmentalstandards; •Protectingtheintegrityofthefoodsupplythroughpathogendetectionandpackaging;and •Workingdirectlywithfarmerstoimproveagriculturalpractices.This application of science—done in very specific ways, tailored to each location and practiced from theresearchlabtothericepaddy—isthekeytomeetingthechallengesarticulatedbytheDuPontAdvisoryCommittee.Thatiswhy60%ofthetotalresearchanddevelopmentbudgetatDuPontisdevotedtounlockinginnovationsinfood,agricultureandbiotechnology.The successful application of science to achieving food security and safety will above all require a complete commitment to collaboration all along the food chain—from field to table—and mustincludethoseindividualsandorganizationswiththepowertomaketheworldmoresecurepolitically and socially, including national and regional governments, NGOs, manufacturers, high technology firms and others.

Because, quite simply, feeding the world is everyone’s business.

1TheResourceOutlookto2050,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUN,ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak971e/ak971e00.pdf

2 CopingwithWaterScarcity,http://www.unwater.org/downloads/waterscarcity.pdf

3 SouthAsianMediaNet,“IndiaEnvironmentalIssues,”September3,2010http://mediawitty.com/test/NewsDetail.aspx?group_id=0&id=4912&folder_id=333&Page_Title=India%20Environmental%20Issues

4 HowtoFeedtheWorldin2050,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheU.N.,http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf

5InternationalInstituteforAppliedSystemsAnalysis,http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/SRD/ChinaFood/argu/impact/imp_51.htm

6http://www.worldbank.org/foodcrisis/foodpricewatch/april_2011.htm

In1975,theworldheld4billionpeople.In2011,thatnumberhasgrownto7billion.Itwillreach9billionby2050.AccordingtotheU.N.,globalfoodproductionmustbe70%greaterthantoday’sleveltofeedthatpopulation.Tomeetfuturedemand,arablelandindevelopingcountrieswouldhavetoexpandbyabout120millionhectares.However,theFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheU.N.projectsarablelandinthosenationswilldeclineby11%duetoclimatechange.1Addedtothis,theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramestimateswaterscarcitymayreducecropyieldsby12%.2Infact,India,whichreachedapopulationof1.2billionearlyin2011,alreadysawpercapitawateravailabilitydropby70%between1947and2002.3 By2050,70%oftheworld’spopulationwillliveincitiesandlargetowns,4 reducing accesstofreshfoods.Acceleratingdevelopmentmeansthevolumeofarablelandwillcontinuedeclining.Between1988and1995,wellbeforeitscurrenteconomicboom,Chinalostanestimated980,000hectaresoffarmlandtoconstruction.5

AccordingtotheWorldBank,billionsofpeopleinthedevelopingworldalreadyspendhalftothreequartersoftheirincomeonfood,withfoodpriceshavingjumped36%betweenMarch2010andMarch2011.6

Science iS univerSal but SolutionS are localAlthough science provides answers that can be applied universally, DuPont’s experience shows that solutions must be found at the local level. This is mandated by wide variations in environmental factors, including climate, soils and pests, as well as by cultural traditions and issues surrounding transportation and distribution infrastructures.

Malawi in southeast Africa is one of the world’s least developed countries. Its economy is primarily agricultural, its population largely rural. Peanuts and sorghum are staple foods for the majority of the population, but neither delivers sufficient protein. Raising livestock for protein is impractical due to cost and lack of grazing land. Solae LLC, a DuPont joint venture with Bunge, has worked with local farmers and leaders in Malawi to develop a protein-rich soy supplement that can be provided directly to the people. The BAX system, created by DuPont Qualicon, is used around the world to identify bacterial contamination in food at the genetic level. Because standards and regulations for pathogen detection can vary from country to country, DuPont Qualicon may develop customized solutions for local needs. For example, U.S. regulations mandate the food products must be free of Listeria, so the BAX system tests for its presence or absence. In the European Union, however, a threshold for Listeria has been established in certain foods that do not offer a medium for growth. So DuPont Qualicon developed an alternative protocol to detect listeria above or below the allowable thresholds. Protecting crops from indigenous pests in ways that accord with local practices, traditions and conditions is critical. In China, where plots of farmland are often less than a hectare (2.7 acres) in size, DuPont Crop Protection packages products in sachets of only five milliliters to meet local needs. In India, where farmers prefer granulated crop protection formulas, products were developed to meet that agronomic practice. DuPont Crop Protection has more than 20 core research centers worldwide, working in partnership with local farmers and government groups.Experts from Pioneer Hi-Bred – a DuPont business – were working with local Filipino rice farmers to increase crop yields with hybrid rice varieties when they recognized that the traditional method of seed bed planting resulted in major loss of yield to rodents, birds and insects prior to transplanting. DuPont consulted with Inca Plastics and local farmers to develop and distribute a rice drum seeder so farmers could plant pre-germinated hybrid seeds, increasing yield while reducing labor. The introduction of low cost mechanization makes farming more productive while delivering a potential yield advantage of 600 kilograms compared with seed bed planting.

collaboraTion unlocks The answers science providesAround the globe, DuPont scientists work in concert with farmers, local businesses, governments, NGOs and others who know the “facts on the ground” in order to find the answers that will increase production, reduce waste, fight disease and deliver nutrition to those most in need.

TutaAbsoluta,amothoriginatinginSouthAmerica,enteredtheMediterraneanbasinandwasthreateningtomatoes,Spain’slargestexportcrop.DuPontCropProtectionbroughtitsscientists,alongwithagriculturalexpertsfromBrazil,wherethemothhadbeensuccessfullyconfronted,togetherwithSpanishofficialstofindwaystocombatthepest.Severemalnutritionremainsanendemicconcerninmuchofthedevelopingworld.Danisco,theDanishfoodingredientscompanythatbecamepartoftheDuPontNutrition&Healthbusinessin2011,workedwiththeIndianbranchoftheNorwegianemergencyandtherapeuticfoodmanufacturerCompacttodevelopEeZeePaste,ashelf-stable,lowmoistureproductthatdelivershighenergyandvitalnutrients to treat severely malnourished children and adults. DuPontQualiconandtheAgriculturalResearchServiceoftheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturearecollaboratingonanewtestfordetectinghard-to-identifystrainsoftoxin-producingE.coli(STEC)thatarenotcurrentlyregulatedbutareagrowingconcernforfoodborneillnessintheUnitedStates,Europe,Japan and food safety agencies worldwide. Seriousepidemicsofrust,adiseaseofcorncausedbythecommonfungusPucciniasorghi,depletebothcropyieldandquality.PioneerHi-BredjoinedwithArgentina’sInstituteofGeneticstostudygeneticvariabilityinthefungus.Bytakingrustsamplesfrom10to25locationseachgrowingseason,PioneeranditsArgentinecolleagueswillidentifygenesthatresistinfectionanddevelophybridcornwithinnateresistance,maximizingyieldandquality.Once food is produced, its containers are the first line of defense against damage and spoilage resulting in costlywaste.DuPontPackagingworkswithlocalpackagingtechnologistsaroundtheworld—includingIndia,Africa,ChinaandtheU.S.—todevelopcustomresinapplicationsthatmeetspecificmarketneeds,maximizefreshnessandstabilityandreducewaste.

science musT become local wisdomThe conviction that know-how must be brought to the people and places that need it most is central to the DuPont approach. Working side-by-side with the population in education and outreach efforts transfers knowledge to the communities who will use it to secure their futures.

PalmoiltreesareacrucialcashcropinMalaysia,butmajorfoodprocessorsrequireplantationstobecertifiedasmeetingahostofenvironmentalandsafetystandards.TappingtheexpertisewithinotherDuPontbusinesses,DuPontCropProtectionhelpedplantationsreceivecertificationbyconductinghazardriskassessments,establishingpackagerecyclingprogramsandprovidingsafetytrainingandprotectiveequipment.Thiswasallinadditiontoon-siteproductstewardshipeffortsthatshowedworkershowtoproperly apply crop protection products.RuralschoolsinIndonesiaarehardpressedtoprovidebasicfacilitiesandequipment.AsmostparentsinruralIndonesiaarefarmers,PioneerHi-Bredintroducedaprogramtohelpthoseparentslearnabouthybridcorntechnology,sustainablefarmingtechniques,agribusinessandgrainmarketing.Nineschoolsprovided15hectaresofland(about40acres)forcornproduction,agreeingtoshareinproceedsofthecorncrop.Inthefirstyearoftheprogram,theschoolsrealizednearly$6,000.InKenya,smalldairyfarmerswerelosingasignificantpercentageofrawmilktospoilageduetoalackofrefrigerationpriortotransporttoprocessingfacilities.DaniscoworkedwiththeFoodScience&TechnologyDepartmentofKenya’sEgertonUniversitytoprovideasolution.Studiesshowedthataddingtheenzymehoxoseoxidase(HOX)torawmilkextendeditsfreshnessfor12to15hourswithoutrefrigeration,allowingenoughtimefortransporting.Planscallforthisefforttobeextendedtosmalldairy farmers in other developing nations. Bycloselycollaboratingwithregulatoryagenciesaroundtheworld,DuPontQualiconhelpsmanycountriesimprovetheirfoodsafetyreadinessawareness.Advanceddiagnostictechnologyallowsgovernment services to identify local strands of specific bacteria and build domestic databases that help epidemiologiststracethesourceofanoutbreakmorequickly.

soluTions musT become broadly susTainableFor DuPont, “sustainability” means more than expanding the food supply. It also encompasses social, economic and ecological considerations, such as infrastructure, storage, waste reduction and improving and preserving water quality—all of which are critical to achieving global food security.

Soycanplayasignificantroleinensuringfoodsecurityinto2050andbeyond,asityieldsapproximately356poundsofusableproteinand500poundsofoilperacreoffarmland,comparedto82poundsofproteinformilkand78foreggs.Raisingatonofsoybeansrequiresabout2,500gallonsofwater,versus4,500forchickenand5,900forpork.Clearly,maximizingsoy as a food source worldwide can boost nutrition while preserving natural resources.Solae™soyproteinsandPlenish™higholeicsoyoilareattheforefront of delivering the nutritional benefits of one of the globe’s most sustainable crops.It’sagiventhatagricultureconsumeshugequantitiesofwater,butmechanizedmethods–especiallyincommercialfarmingoperations-alsoconsumevastamountsoffuel.Cultivation,planting,harvesting,plowingunderanddiskingcanrequire8to10tractortripsovertheland.PioneerHi-Bredhasdevelopedcornthatcanbeplantedthroughthestalksandisresistanttoweedsandinsects, dramatically reducing the total number of tractor trips, saving fuel and diminishing creation of greenhouse gasses.Itisestimatedthat40to60percentofglobalcropyieldwouldbelosttoinsects or weeds without crop protection products. But pesticides must be created and applied in a manner that protects farmers and the greater environment.DuPontCropProtectiondevelopsproductsonaparalleltrack—environmentalconsiderationsarepartoftheR&Dprocessaswell asefficacy.Forexample,methodsareindevelopmenttotreatseedstock beforeplanting,reducingexposureofagriculturalworkerstocrop protection products.