Theo Forch Zinc Spray Bright L244 400 ml - Wolfchester 2104.pdf · Theo Forch Zinc Spray Bright L244 400 ml Hazard ... • Flush skin and hair with running ... • Metal dust fires

Theo Forch Zinc Spray Bright L244 400 ml

Hazard Alert Code: HIGHChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetIssue Date: 21-Apr-2010 CHEMWATCH 23-4131A317LP Version No:2.0

Page 1 of 31

Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAMETheo Forch Zinc Spray Bright L244 400 ml

PROPER SHIPPING NAMEAEROSOLS

PRODUCT USE■ Application is by spray atomisation from a hand held aerosol pack.Paint.

SUPPLIERCompany: City Workshop Solutions Pty LtdAddress:1/9 Vision StreetWangaraWA, 6065AustraliaTelephone: +61 8 9303 9113

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATUREHAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC, and the ADG Code.

CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS

Flammability Toxicity

Body Contact Reactivity

Chronic

SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4

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Page 2 of 31Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

RISK SAFETY■ Extremely flammable. • Keep away from sources of ignition. No smoking.■ May form explosive peroxides. • Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray.■ Irritating to eyes. • Avoid contact with skin.■ May cause SENSITISATION by skin contact. • Avoid contact with eyes.■ Risk of explosion if heated under • Wear suitable gloves.confinement.■ Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause • Wear eye/face protection.long- term adverse effects in the aquaticenvironment.■ Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness and • Handle and open container with care.cracking.■ Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. • Use only in well ventilated areas.■ Inhalation, skin contact and/or ingestion • Keep container in a well ventilated place.may produce health damage*.■ Cumulative effects may result following • Avoid exposure - obtain special instructionsexposure*. before use.■ May produce discomfort of the respiratory • Do not empty into drains.system and skin*.■ Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect*. • To clean the floor and all objects contaminated

by this material, use water and detergent.■ Possible respiratory sensitiser*. • Keep container tightly closed.■ May be harmful to the foetus/ embryo*. • This material and its container must be

disposed of in a safe way.■ May possibly affect fertility*. • In case of contact with eyes, rinse with plenty

of water and contact Doctor or PoisonsInformation Centre.

* (limited evidence). • If swallowed, IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor orPoisons Information Centre. (show this containeror label).• Use appropriate container to avoidenvironmental contamination.• Avoid release to the environment. Refer tospecial instructions/Safety data sheets.• This material and its container must bedisposed of as hazardous waste.• In case of accident by inhalation: removecasualty to fresh air and keep at rest.

Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

NAME CAS RN %zinc powder 7440-66-6 10-30propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate - isomers 98516-30-4 1-19ethyl acetate 141-78-6 1-19acetone 67-64-1 1-19xylene 1330-20-7 1-12.49naphtha petroleum, light, hydrotreated 64742-49-0. 1-9iso- butyl methacrylate 97-86-9 0.1-0.9

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Page 3 of 31

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES

SWALLOWED• Avoid giving milk or oils.• Avoid giving alcohol.• Not considered a normal route of entry.• If spontaneous vomiting appears imminent or occurs, hold patient's head down, lower than their hips to help avoid possible aspiration of vomitus.

EYE■ If aerosols come in contact with the eyes:• Immediately hold the eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously for at least 15 minutes with fresh running water.• Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.• Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.• Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

SKIN■ If solids or aerosol mists are deposited upon the skin:• Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).• Remove any adhering solids with industrial skin cleansing cream.• DO NOT use solvents.• Seek medical attention in the event of irritation.

INHALED■ If aerosols, fumes or combustion products are inhaled:• Remove to fresh air.• Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.• Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.• If breathing is shallow or has stopped, ensure clear airway and apply resuscitation, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.• Transport to hospital, or doctor.

NOTES TO PHYSICIAN■ Treat symptomatically.For acute or short term repeated exposures to xylene:• Gastro-intestinal absorption is significant with ingestions. For ingestions exceeding 1-2 ml (xylene)/kg,

intubation and lavage with cuffed endotracheal tube is recommended. The use of charcoal and cathartics isequivocal.

• Pulmonary absorption is rapid with about 60-65% retained at rest.• Primary threat to life from ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure.• Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea,

intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes or poorarterial blood gases (pO2 < 50 mm Hg or pCO2 > 50 mm Hg) should be intubated.

• Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence ofmyocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines and cardiac monitors should be established inobviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improvesclearance.

• A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to documentaspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax.

• Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of potential myocardial

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Page 4 of 31Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES

sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective bronchodilators (e.g. Alupent, Salbutamol) are thepreferred agents, with aminophylline a second choice. BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX - BEI

These represent the determinants observed in specimens collected from a healthy worker exposed at theExposure Standard (ES or TLV):Determinant Index Sampling Time CommentsMethylhippu- ric acids 1.5 gm/gm creatinine End of shiftin urine

2 mg/min Last 4 hrs of shift.• Absorption of zinc compounds occurs in the small intestine.• The metal is heavily protein bound.• Elimination results primarily from faecal excretion.• The usual measures for decontamination (Ipecac Syrup, lavage, charcoal or cathartics) may be administered,

although patients usually have sufficient vomiting not to require them.• CaNa2EDTA has been used successfully to normalise zinc levels and is the agent of choice.[Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology].

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA• DO NOT use halogenated fire extinguishing agents.Metal dust fires need to be smothered with sand, inert dry powders.DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 or FOAM.• Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride based extinguishers, G-1 or Met L-X to smother fire.• Confining or smothering material is preferable to applying water as chemical reaction may produce flammable

and explosive hydrogen gas.• Chemical reaction with CO2 may produce flammable and explosive methane.• If impossible to extinguish, withdraw, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out.SMALL FIRE:• Water spray, dry chemical or CO2LARGE FIRE:• Water spray or fog.

FIRE FIGHTING■ FOR FIRES INVOLVING MANY GAS CYLINDERS:• To stop the flow of gas, specifically trained personnel may inert the atmosphere to reduce oxygen levels

thus allowing the capping of leaking container(s).• Reduce the rate of flow and inject an inert gas, if possible, before completely stopping the flow to

prevent flashback.• DO NOT extinguish the fire until the supply is shut off otherwise an explosive re-ignition may occur.• If the fire is extinguished and the flow of gas continues, used increased ventilation to prevent build-up,

of explosive atmosphere.• Use non-sparking tools to close container valves.• Be CAUTIOUS of a Boiling Liquid Evaporating Vapour Explosion, BLEVE, if fire is impinging on surrounding

containers.• Direct 2500 litre/min (500 gpm) water stream onto containers above liquid level with the assistance remote

monitors.• Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.• May be violently or explosively reactive.• Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.• Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.• If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed.

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Page 5 of 31Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

• Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.• DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.• Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.• If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.• Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.When any large container (including road and rail tankers) is involved in a fire,consider evacuation by 100 metres in all directions.

FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• DO NOT disturb burning dust. Explosion may result if dust is stirred into a cloud, by providing oxygen to a

large surface of hot metal.• DO NOT use water or foam as generation of explosive hydrogen may result.With the exception of the metals that burn in contact with air or water (for example, sodium), masses ofcombustible metals do not represent unusual fire risks because they have the ability to conduct heat awayfrom hot spots so efficiently that the heat of combustion cannot be maintained - this means that it willrequire a lot of heat to ignite a mass of combustible metal. Generally, metal fire risks exist when sawdust,machine shavings and other metal 'fines' are present.Metal powders, while generally regarded as non-combustible:• May burn when metal is finely divided and energy input is high.• May react explosively with water.• May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flame.• May REIGNITE after fire is extinguished.• Will burn with intense heat.Note:• Metal dust fires are slow moving but intense and difficult to extinguish.• Containers may explode on heating.• Dusts or fumes may form explosive mixtures with air.• Gases generated in fire may be poisonous, corrosive or irritating.• Hot or burning metals may react violently upon contact with other materials, such as oxidising agents and

extinguishing agents used on fires involving ordinary combustibles or flammable liquids.• Temperatures produced by burning metals can be higher than temperatures generated by burning flammable

liquids• Some metals can continue to burn in carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, or steam atmospheres in which ordinary

combustibles or flammable liquids would be incapable of burning.• Liquid and vapour are highly flammable.• Severe fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.• Vapour forms an explosive mixture with air.• Severe explosion hazard, in the form of vapour, when exposed to flame or spark.• Vapour may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition.• Heating may cause expansion or decomposition with violent container rupture.• Aerosol cans may explode on exposure to naked flames.• Rupturing containers may rocket and scatter burning materials.• Hazards may not be restricted to pressure effects.• May emit acrid, poisonous or corrosive fumes.• On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).Combustion products include: carbon monoxide (CO).Combustible. Will burn if ignited, carbon dioxide (CO2), metal oxides, other pyrolysis products typical ofburning organic material.

FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY• Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine

etc. as ignition may result.

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Page 6 of 31Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

HAZCHEM2YE

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

MINOR SPILLS• Clean up all spills immediately.• Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.• Wear protective clothing, impervious gloves and safety glasses.• Shut off all possible sources of ignition and increase ventilation.• Wipe up.• If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from all ignition sources, until

pressure has dissipated.• Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely.

MAJOR SPILLS• Clear area of personnel and move upwind.• Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.• May be violently or explosively reactive.• Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.• Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses• No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.• Increase ventilation.• Stop leak if safe to do so.• Water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour.• Absorb or cover spill with sand, earth, inert materials or vermiculite.• If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from ignition sources, until pressure

has dissipated.• Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely.• Collect residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.

PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL

From IERG (Canada/Australia)Isolation Distance -Downwind Protection Distance 8 metresIERG Number 49

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Page 7 of 31Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

FOOTNOTES1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zoneassumes that random changes in wind direction confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees oneither side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal tothe downwind protective action distance.2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spilland working away from the site in the downwind direction. Within the protective action zone a level of vapourconcentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and unable to takeprotective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a highprobability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to life-threatening concentrations of the material.4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican orbox with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from asmall cylinder are also considered "small spills".

LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such asa cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.5 Guide 126 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.

Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE

PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING■ The tendency of many ethers to form explosive peroxides is well documented. Ethers lacking non-methyl hydrogen atoms adjacent to the ether link are thought to be relatively safe• DO NOT concentrate by evaporation, or evaporate extracts to dryness, as residues may contain explosive peroxides with DETONATION potential.• Any static discharge is also a source of hazard.• Before any distillation process remove trace peroxides by shaking with excess 5% aqueous ferrous sulfate solution or by percolation through a column of activated alumina.• Distillation results in uninhibited ether distillate with considerably increased hazard because of risk of peroxide formation on storage.• Add inhibitor to any distillate as required.• When solvents have been freed from peroxides by percolation through columns of activated alumina, the absorbed peroxides must promptly be desorbed by treatment with polar solvents such as methanol or water, which should then be disposed of safely.The substance accumulates peroxides which may become hazardous only if it evaporates or is distilled or otherwise treated to concentrate the peroxides. The substance may concentrate around the container opening for example.Purchases of peroxidisable chemicals should be restricted to ensure that the chemical is used completely before it can become peroxidised.• A responsible person should maintain an inventory of peroxidisable chemicals or annotate the general chemical inventory to indicate which chemicals are subject to peroxidation. An expiration date should be determined. The chemical should either be treated to remove peroxides or disposed of before this date.• The person or laboratory receiving the chemical should record a receipt date on the bottle. The individual opening the container should add an opening date.• Unopened containers received from the supplier should be safe to store for 18 months.• Opened containers should not be stored for more than 12 months.• Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.

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Page 8 of 31Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE

• Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.• Use in a well-ventilated area.• Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.• DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.• Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.• Avoid contact with incompatible materials.• When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.• DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.• DO NOT spray directly on humans, exposed food or food utensils.• Avoid physical damage to containers.• Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.• Work clothes should be laundered separately.• Use good occupational work practice.• Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.• Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.

SUITABLE CONTAINER• CARE: Packing of high density product in light weight metal or plastic packages may result in container collapse with product release.• Heavy gauge metal packages / Heavy gauge metal drums.• Aerosol dispenser.• Check that containers are clearly labelled.

STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY• Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between aromatic rings and strong oxidising agents.• Aromatics can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds.• WARNING: Avoid or control reaction with peroxides. All transition metal peroxides should be considered as potentially explosive. For example transition metal complexes of alkyl hydroperoxides may decompose explosively.• The pi-complexes formed between chromium(0), vanadium(0) and other transition metals (haloarene-metal complexes) and mono-or poly-fluorobenzene show extreme sensitivity to heat and are explosive.• Avoid reaction with borohydrides or cyanoborohydrides.• Many metals may incandesce, react violently, ignite or react explosively upon addition of concentrated nitric acid.For alkyl aromatics:The alkyl side chain of aromatic rings can undergo oxidation by several mechanisms. The most common and dominant one is the attack by oxidation at benzylic carbon as the intermediate formed is stabilised by resonance structure of the ring.• Following reaction with oxygen and under the influence of sunlight, a hydroperoxide at the alpha-position to the aromatic ring, is the primary oxidation product formed (provided a hydrogen atom is initially available at this position) - this product is often short-lived but may be stable dependent on the nature of the aromatic substitution; a secondary C-H bond is more easily attacked than a primary C-H bond whilst a tertiary C-H bond is even more susceptible to attack by oxygen• Monoalkylbenzenes may subsequently form monocarboxylic acids; alkyl naphthalenes mainly produce the corresponding naphthalene carboxylic acids.• Oxidation in the presence of transition metal salts not only accelerates but also selectively decomposes the hydroperoxides.• Hock-rearrangement by the influence of strong acids converts the hydroperoxides to hemiacetals. Peresters formed from the hydroperoxides undergo Criegee rearrangement easily.• Alkali metals accelerate the oxidation while CO2 as co-oxidant enhances the selectivity.• Microwave conditions give improved yields of the oxidation products.

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• Photo-oxidation products may occur following reaction with hydroxyl radicals and NOx - these may be components of photochemical smogs.Oxidation of Alkylaromatics: T.S.S Rao and Shubhra Awasthi: E-Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No. 1, pp 1-13 January 2007.Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate:• may polymerise unless properly inhibited due to peroxide formation• should be isolated from UV light, high temperatures, free radical initiators• may react with strong oxidisers to produce fire and/ or explosion• reacts violently with with sodium peroxide, uranium fluoride• is incompatible with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, caustics, aliphatic amines, isocyanates, boranes.• Reacts slowly with water.• CAUTION contamination with moisture will liberate explosive hydrogen gas, causing pressure build up in sealed containers.• Reacts violently with caustic soda, other alkalies - generating heat, highly flammable hydrogen gas.• If alkali is dry, heat generated may ignite hydrogen - if alkali is in solution may cause violent foaming.• Segregate from alcohol, water.Metals exhibit varying degrees of activity. Reaction is reduced in the massive form (sheet, rod, or drop), compared with finely divided forms. The less active metals will not burn in air but:• can react exothermically with oxidising acids to form noxious gases.• catalyse polymerisation and other reactions, particularly when finely divided• react with halogenated hydrocarbons (for example, copper dissolves when heated in carbon tetrachloride), sometimes forming explosive compounds.• Many metals in elemental form react exothermically with compounds having active hydrogen atoms (such as acids and water) to form flammable hydrogen gas and caustic products.• Elemental metals may react with azo/diazo compounds to form explosive products.• Some elemental metals form explosive products with halogenated hydrocarbons.• Reacts with acids producing flammable / explosive hydrogen (H2) gas.• Finely divided metal powders develop pyrophoricity when a critical specific surface area is exceeded; this is ascribed to high heat of oxide formation on exposure to air.• Safe handling is possible in relatively low concentrations of oxygen in an inert gas• Several pyrophoric metals, stored in glass bottles have ignited when the container is broken on impact. Storage of these materials moist and in metal containers is recommended.• The reaction residues from various metal syntheses (involving vacuum evaporation and co-deposition with a ligand) are often pyrophoric.• Compressed gases may contain a large amount of kinetic energy over and above that potentially available from the energy of reaction produced by the gas in chemical reaction with other substances.

STORAGE REQUIREMENTS• Keep dry to avoid corrosion of cans. Corrosion may result in container perforation and internal pressure may eject contents of can.• Store in original containers in approved flammable liquid storage area.• DO NOT store in pits, depressions, basements or areas where vapours may be trapped.• No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.• Keep containers securely sealed. Contents under pressure.• Store away from incompatible materials.• Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area.• Avoid storage at temperatures higher than 40 deg C.• Store in an upright position.• Protect containers against physical damage.• Check regularly for spills and leaks.• Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.

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_____________________________________________________

SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS

+ X X X X +_____________________________________________________+: May be stored togetherO: May be stored together with specific preventionsX: Must not be stored together

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

EXPOSURE CONTROLSSource Material TWA ppm TWA STEL STEL Peak Peak TWA Notes

mg/m³ ppm mg/m³ ppm mg/m³ F/CC___________ ___________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______Australia Theo Forch Zinc 80 350 150 655Exposure Spray Bright L244Standards 400 ml (Xylene

(o- , m- , p-isomers))

Australia zinc powder 10Exposure (Inspirable dustStandards (not otherwise

classified))Australia ethyl acetate 200 720 400 1440Exposure (Ethyl acetate)StandardsAustralia acetone (Acetone) 500 1185 1000 2375ExposureStandardsAustralia naphtha 900 (seeExposure petroleum, light, ChapterStandards hydrotreated 16)

(Petrol(gasoline))

The following materials had no OELs on our records• propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate - isomers: CAS:98516- 30- 4• iso- butyl methacrylate: CAS:97- 86- 9

EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITSMaterial Revised IDLH Value (mg/m³) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)ethyl acetate 322 2,000 [LEL]acetone 265 2,500 [LEL]acetone 159 1,500xylene 174 900

NOTES

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Page 11 of 31Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

Values marked LEL indicate that the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit for safetyconsiderations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects orimpairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.

MATERIAL DATAPROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER ACETATE - ISOMERS:ZINC POWDER:

■ Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on the eyes, nose orthroat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these irritants have been based on observation ofworkers' responses to various airborne concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly everyindividual should be protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are establishedusing uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results are unavailable. An additional approach,typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals,has been to assign ceiling values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposurelimits (TLV STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints combineto warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five-category system based onintensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life. However this system is being replaced to beconsistent with the European Union (EU) Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); thisis more closely allied to that of the USA.

OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can:• cause inflammation• cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents• lead to permanent injury or dysfunction• permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and• acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus increasing the risk of

overexposure.

ACETONE:ETHYL ACETATE:

■ Exposed individuals are reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure Standard is beingexceeded.

Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class A or B.The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppmClassification into classes follows:

Class OSF DescriptionA 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals

are aware by smell that theExposure Standard (TLV- TWA forexample) is being reached, evenwhen distracted by workingactivities

B 26- 550 As " A" for 50- 90% of personsbeing distracted

C 1- 26 As " A" for less than 50% ofpersons being distracted

D 0.18- 1 10- 50% of persons aware ofbeing tested perceive by smellthat the Exposure Standard isbeing reached

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E <0.18 As " D" for less than 10% ofpersons aware of being tested

.

THEO FORCH ZINC SPRAY BRIGHT L244 400 ML:XYLENE:

■ for xylenes:IDLH Level: 900 ppmOdour Threshold Value: 20 ppm (detection), 40 ppm (recognition)NOTE: Detector tubes for o-xylene, measuring in excess of 10 ppm, are available commercially. (m-xylene

and p-xylene give almost the same response).Xylene vapour is an irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and skin and causes narcosis at high

concentrations. Exposure to doses sufficiently high to produce intoxication and unconsciousness also producestransient liver and kidney toxicity. Neurologic impairment is NOT evident amongst volunteers inhaling up to400 ppm though complaints of ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation occur at 200 ppm for 3 to 5minutes.

Exposure to xylene at or below the recommended TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the risk ofirritant effects and to produce neither significant narcosis or chronic injury. An earlier skin notation wasdeleted because percutaneous absorption is gradual and protracted and does not substantially contribute tothe dose received by inhalation.

Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=4 (XYLENE).

ETHYL ACETATE:THEO FORCH ZINC SPRAY BRIGHT L244 400 ML:

■ For ethyl acetate:Odour Threshold Value: 6.4-50 ppm (detection), 13.3-75 ppm (recognition)The TLV-TWA provides a significant margin of safety from the standpoint of adverse health effects.

Unacclimated subjects found the odour objectionably strong at 200 ppm. Mild nose, eye and throat irritationwas experienced at 400 ppm. Workers exposed regularly at concentrations ranging from 375 ppm to 1500 ppm forseveral months showed no unusual

signs or symptoms.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=51 (ETHYL ACETATE).

ACETONE:THEO FORCH ZINC SPRAY BRIGHT L244 400 ML:

■ Odour Threshold Value: 3.6 ppm (detection), 699 ppm (recognition)Saturation vapour concentration: 237000 ppm @ 20 CNOTE: Detector tubes measuring in excess of 40 ppm, are available.Exposure at or below the recommended TLV-TWA is thought to protect the worker against mild irritation

associated with brief exposures and the bioaccumulation, chronic irritation of the respiratory tract andheadaches associated with long-term acetone exposures. The NIOSH REL-TWA is substantially lower and has takeninto account slight irritation experienced by volunteer subjects at 300 ppm. Mild irritation to acclimatisedworkers begins at about 750 ppm - unacclimatised subjects will experience irritation at about 350-500 ppm butacclimatisation can occur rapidly. Disagreement between the peak bodies is based largely on the view by ACGIHthat widespread use of acetone, without evidence of significant adverse health effects at higherconcentrations, allows acceptance of a higher limit.

Half-life of acetone in blood is 3 hours which means that no adjustment for shift-length has to be madewith reference to the standard 8 hour/day, 40 hours per week because body clearance occurs within any shiftwith low potential for accumulation.

A STEL has been established to prevent excursions of acetone vapours that could cause depression of thecentral nervous system.

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Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=38 (ACETONE).

ZINC POWDER:■ It is the goal of the ACGIH (and other Agencies) to recommend TLVs (or their equivalent) for all

substances for which there is evidence of health effects at airborne concentrations encountered in theworkplace.

At this time no TLV has been established, even though this material may produce adverse health effects (asevidenced in animal experiments or clinical experience). Airborne concentrations must be maintained as low asis practically possible and occupational exposure must be kept to a minimum.

NOTE: The ACGIH occupational exposure standard for Particles Not Otherwise Specified (P.N.O.S) does NOTapply.

XYLENE:■ Exposure limits with "skin" notation indicate that vapour and liquid may be absorbed through intact

skin. Absorption by skin may readily exceed vapour inhalation exposure. Symptoms for skin absorption are thesame as for inhalation. Contact with eyes and mucous membranes may also contribute to overall exposure andmay also invalidate the exposure standard.

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:■ for: hexane, isomers (excluding n-hexane)The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against nausea, headache, upper respiratory tract irritation and

CNS depression. The STEL is added to prevent objective depression of the CNS. The lower value ascribedto n-hexane is due to the neurotoxicity of its metabolites, principally 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 2,5-

hexanedione. It is considered unlikely that other hexanes follow the same metabolic route. It should be notedhowever that the n-hexane TLV-TWA also applies to commercial hexane having a concentration of greater than 5%n-hexane.

Odour threshold: 0.25 ppm.The TLV-TWA is protective against ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation and is recommended for

bulk handling of gasoline based on calculations of hydrocarbon content of gasoline vapour. A STEL isrecommended to prevent mucous membrane and ocular irritation and prevention of acute depression of thecentral nervous system. Because of the wide variation in molecular weights of its components, the conversionof ppm to mg/m3 is approximate. Sweden recommends hexane type limits of 100 ppm and heptane and octane typelimits of 300 ppm. Germany does not assign a value because of the widely differing compositions and resultantdifferences in toxic properties.

Odour Safety Factor (OSF)OSF=0.042 (gasoline).For n-hexane:Odour Threshold Value: 65 ppmNOTE: Detector tubes for n-hexane, measuring in excess of 100 ppm, are available commercially.Occupational polyneuropathy may result from exposures as low as 500 ppm (as hexane), whilst nearly

continuous exposures of 250 ppm have caused neurotoxic effects in animals. Many literature reports havefailed to distinguish hexane from n-hexane and on the assumption that the commercial hexane contains 30% n-hexane, a worst case recommendation for TLV is assumed to reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathies (due tothe metabolites 2,5-heptanedione and 3,6-octanedione) and other adverse neuropathic effects.

Concurrent exposure to chemicals (including MEK) and drugs which induce hepatic liver oxidative metabolismcan reduce the time for neuropathy to appear.

Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=0.15 (n-HEXANE).REL TWA: 100 ppm (total hydrocarbons) [Exxon]

ISO-BUTYL METHACRYLATE:■ For 4-methoxyphenol (MEHQ)MEHQ has caused ocular toxicity in animals and skin depigmentation in rodents and workers. The

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recommendation for the TLV-TWA arises from documented eye and skin toxicities and by analogy withhydroquinone.

CEL TWA: 100 ppm, 580 mg/m3 [Du Pont]

PERSONAL PROTECTION

EYE• Safety glasses with side shields.• Chemical goggles.• Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A

written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or restrictions on use, should be created for eachworkplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class ofchemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained intheir removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begineye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at thefirst signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workershave washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or nationalequivalent].

HANDS/FEET■ NOTE:• The material may produce skin sensitisation in predisposed individuals. Care must be taken, when removing

gloves and other protective equipment, to avoid all possible skin contact.• Contaminated leather items, such as shoes, belts and watch-bands should be removed and destroyed.• No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.• OTHERWISE:• For potentially moderate exposures:• Wear general protective gloves, eg. light weight rubber gloves.• For potentially heavy exposures:• Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC. and safety footwear.

OTHER■ No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.OTHERWISE:• Overalls.• Skin cleansing cream.• Eyewash unit.• Do not spray on hot surfaces.• The clothing worn by process operators insulated from earth may develop static charges far higher (up to

100 times) than the minimum ignition energies for various flammable gas-air mixtures. This holds true for awide range of clothing materials including cotton.

• Avoid dangerous levels of charge by ensuring a low resistivity of the surface material worn outermost.BRETHERICK: Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards.

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RESPIRATOR•Type AX-P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:2001, ANSI Z88 or nationalequivalent)■ Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in areas of unknown vapourconcentrations or oxygen content. The wearer must be warned to leave the contaminated area immediately ondetecting any odours through the respirator. The odour may indicate that the mask is not functioning properly,that the vapour concentration is too high, or that the mask is not properly fitted. Because of theselimitations, only restricted use of cartridge respirators is considered appropriate.

The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protectiveequipment required. For further information consult site specific CHEMWATCH data (if available), or yourOccupational Health and Safety Advisor.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS■ Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independentof worker interactions to provide this high level of protection.The basic types of engineering controls are:Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the workerand ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can removeor dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match theparticular process and chemical or contaminant in use.Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.

General exhaust is adequate under normal conditions. If risk of overexposure exists, wear SAA approvedrespirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection.Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage areas.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

APPEARANCESilver coloured aerosol with mild ester odour; doesn't mix with water.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESLiquid.Gas.Does not mix with water.Floats on water.

State Liquid Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) - 44 Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) Not Available Solubility in water (g/L) ImmiscibleFlash Point (°C) - 4 pH (1% solution) Not AvailableDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) Not AvailableAutoignition Temp (°C) 365 Vapour Pressure (kPa) 360 @ 20 deg CUpper Explosive Limit (%) 11.5 Specific Gravity (water=1) 0.79 @ 20 deg CLower Explosive Limit (%) 1.5 Relative Vapour Density Not Available

(air=1)Volatile Component (%vol) Not Available Evaporation Rate Not Available

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Page 16 of 31Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

acetonelog Kow (Prager 1995): - 0.24log Kow (Sangster 1997): - 0.24xylenelog Kow (Prager 1995): 3.12- 3.20

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY• Elevated temperatures.• Presence of open flame.• Product is considered stable.• Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED■ Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.Not normally a hazard due to physical form of product.Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis; seriousconsequences may result. (ICSC13733).

EYE■ If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.Not considered to be a risk because of the extreme volatility of the gas.

SKIN■ The material may cause moderate inflammation of the skin either following direct contact or after a delayof some time. Repeated exposure can cause contact dermatitis which is characterised by redness, swelling andblistering.Repeated exposure may cause skin cracking, flaking or drying following normal handling and use.Spray mist may produce discomfort.Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injurywith harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damageis suitably protected.Skin contact with the material may be harmful; systemic effects may result following absorption.

INHALED■ Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by sleepiness, reducedalertness, loss of reflexes, lack of co-ordination, and vertigo.Inhalation of aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may bedamaging to the health of the individual.There is some evidence to suggest that the material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The

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Page 17 of 31Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage.Inhalation of toxic gases may cause:• Central Nervous System effects including depression, headache, confusion, dizziness, stupor, coma and

seizures;• respiratory: acute lung swellings, shortness of breath, wheezing, rapid breathing, other symptoms and

respiratory arrest;• heart: collapse, irregular heartbeats and cardiac arrest;• gastrointestinal: irritation, ulcers, nausea and vomiting (may be bloody), and abdominal pain.Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.Inhalation of high concentrations of gas/vapour causes lung irritation with coughing and nausea, centralnervous depression with headache and dizziness, slowing of reflexes, fatigue and inco-ordination.WARNING:Intentional misuse by concentrating/inhaling contents may be lethal.

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS■ Skin contact with the material is more likely to cause a sensitisation reaction in some persons compared tothe general population.Ample evidence from experiments exists that there is a suspicionthis material directly reduces fertility.Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying with cracking, irritation and possible dermatitisfollowing.There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data tomake an assessment.Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or long-term occupational exposure.There is some evidence that inhaling this product is more likely to cause a sensitisation reaction in somepersons compared to the general population.There is some evidence from animal testing that exposure to this material may result in toxic effects to theunborn baby.Principal route of occupational exposure to the gas is by inhalation.Women exposed to xylene in the first 3 months of pregnancy showed a slightly increased risk of miscarriageand birth defects. Evaluation of workers chronically exposed to xylene has demonstrated lack of genetictoxicity. Exposure to xylene has been associated with increased rates of blood cancer, but this may becomplicated by exposure to other substances, including benzene. Animal testing found no evidence of cancer-causing activity.Exposure to the material for prolonged periods may cause physical defects in the developing embryo(teratogenesis).Metallic dusts generated by the industrial process give rise to a number of potential health problems. Thelarger particles, above 5 micron, are nose and throat irritants. Smaller particles however, may cause lungdeterioration. Particles of less than 1.5 micron can be trapped in the lungs and, dependent on the nature ofthe particle, may give rise to further serious health consequences.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION■ unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.

ISO-BUTYL METHACRYLATE:THEO FORCH ZINC SPRAY BRIGHT L244 400 ML:■ Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria or Quincke'soedema. The pathogenesis of contact eczema involves a cell-mediated (T lymphocytes) immune reaction of thedelayed type. Other allergic skin reactions, e.g. contact urticaria, involve antibody-mediated immunereactions. The significance of the contact allergen is not simply determined by its sensitisation potential:the distribution of the substance and the opportunities for contact with it are equally important. A weaklysensitising substance which is widely distributed can be a more important allergen than one with strongersensitising potential with which few individuals come into contact. From a clinical point of view, substancesare noteworthy if they produce an allergic test reaction in more than 1% of the persons tested.

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NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:THEO FORCH ZINC SPRAY BRIGHT L244 400 ML:■ No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.

XYLENE:THEO FORCH ZINC SPRAY BRIGHT L244 400 ML:■ The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skinredness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin.■ The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated orprolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.

ACETONE:THEO FORCH ZINC SPRAY BRIGHT L244 400 ML:■ for acetone:The acute toxicity of acetone is low. Acetone is not a skin irritant or sensitiser but is a defatting agentto the skin. Acetone is an eye irritant. The subchronic toxicity of acetone has been examined in mice andrats that were administered acetone in the drinking water and again in rats treated by oral gavage. Acetone-induced increases in relative kidney weight changes were observed in male and female rats used in the oral 13-week study. Acetone treatment caused increases in the relative liver weight in male and female rats that werenot associated with histopathologic effects and the effects may have been associated with microsomal enzymeinduction. Haematologic effects consistent with macrocytic anaemia were also noted in male rats along withhyperpigmentation in the spleen. The most notable findings in the mice were increased liver and decreasedspleen weights. Overall, the no-observed-effect-levels in the drinking water study were 1% for male rats (900mg/kg/d) and male mice (2258 mg/kg/d), 2% for female mice (5945 mg/kg/d), and 5% for female rats (3100mg/kg/d). For developmental effects, a statistically significant reduction in foetal weight, and a slight,but statistically significant increase in the percent incidence of later resorptions were seen in mice at 15,665 mg/m3 and in rats at 26,100 mg/m3. The no-observable-effect level for developmental toxicity wasdetermined to be 5220 mg/m3 for both rats and mice.Teratogenic effects were not observed in rats and mice tested at 26,110 and 15,665 mg/m3, respectively.Lifetime dermal carcinogenicity studies in mice treated with up to 0.2 mL of acetone did not reveal anyincrease in organ tumor incidence relative to untreated control animals.The scientific literature contains many different studies that have measured either the neurobehaviouralperformance or neurophysiological response of humans exposed to acetone. Effect levels ranging from about 600to greater than 2375 mg/m3 have been reported. Neurobehavioral studies with acetone-exposed employees haverecently shown that 8-hr exposures in excess of 2375 mg/m3 were not associated with any dose-related changesin response time, vigilance, or digit span scores. Clinical case studies, controlled human volunteer studies,animal research, and occupational field evaluations all indicate that the NOAEL for this effect is 2375 mg/m3or greater.

ZINC POWDER:TOXICITY IRRITATIONDermal (rabbit) LD50: 1130 mg/kgInhalation (human) TCLo: 124 mg/m³/50min. Skin (human):0.3mg/3DaysInt. Mild

PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER ACETATE - ISOMERS:TOXICITY IRRITATIONOral (rat) LD50: >5000 mg/kg Eye: SlightInhalation (rat) LC50: >6999 mg/m³/4h Skin: Slight [BP Chemicals]*■ for propylene glycol ethers (PGEs):Typical propylene glycol ethers include propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB); dipropylene glycol n-butylether (DPnB); dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (DPMA); tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPM).

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Testing of a wide variety of propylene glycol ethers Testing of a wide variety of propylene glycol ethers hasshown that propylene glycol-based ethers are less toxic than some ethers of the ethylene series. The commontoxicities associated with the lower molecular weight homologues of the ethylene series, such as adverseeffects on reproductive organs, the developing embryo and fetus, blood (haemolytic effects), or thymus, arenot seen with the commercial-grade propylene glycol ethers. In the ethylene series, metabolism of theterminal hydroxyl group produces an alkoxyacetic acid. The reproductive and developmental toxicities of thelower molecular weight homologues in the ethylene series are due specifically to the formation ofmethoxyacetic and ethoxyacetic acids.Longer chain length homologues in the ethylene series are not associated with the reproductive toxicity butcan cause haemolysis in sensitive species, also through formation of an alkoxyacetic acid. The predominantalpha isomer of all the PGEs (thermodynamically favored during manufacture of PGEs) is a secondary alcoholincapable of forming an alkoxypropionic acid. In contrast beta-isomers are able to form the alkoxypropionicacids and these are linked to teratogenic effects (and possibly haemolytic effects).This alpha isomer comprises greater than 95% of the isomeric mixture in the commercial product.Because the alpha isomer cannot form an alkoxypropionic acid, this is the most likely reason for the lack oftoxicity shown by the PGEs as distinct from the lower molecular weight ethylene glycol ethers. Moreimportantly, however, very extensive empirical test data show that this class of commercial-grade glycolether presents a low toxicity hazard. PGEs, whether mono, di- or tripropylene glycol-based (and no matterwhat the alcohol group), show a very similar pattern of low to non-detectable toxicity of any type at dosesor exposure levels greatly exceeding those showing pronounced effects from the ethylene series. One of theprimary metabolites of the propylene glycol ethers is propylene glycol, which is of low toxicity andcompletely metabolised in the body.As a class, the propylene glycol ethers are rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body whenintroduced by inhalation or oral exposure. Dermal absorption is somewhat slower but subsequent distributionis rapid. Most excretion for PGEs is via the urine and expired air. A small portion is excreted in the faeces.As a group PGEs exhibits low acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Rat oral LD50s rangefrom >3,000 mg/kg (PnB) to >5,000 mg/kg (DPMA). Dermal LD50s are all > 2,000 mg/kg (PnB, & DPnB; where nodeaths occurred), and ranging up to >15,000 mg/kg (TPM). Inhalation LC50 values were higher than 5,000 mg/m3for DPMA (4-hour exposure), and TPM (1-hour exposure). For DPnB the 4-hour LC50 is >2,040 mg/m3. For PnB, the4-hour LC50 was >651 ppm (>3,412 mg/m3), representing the highest practically attainable vapor level. Nodeaths occurred at these concentrations. PnB and TPM are moderately irritating to eyes while the remainingcategory members are only slightly irritating to nonirritating. PnB is moderately irritating to skin whilethe remaining category members are slightly to non-irritatingNone are skin sensitisers.In repeated dose studies ranging in duration from 2 to 13 weeks, few adverse effects were found even at highexposure levels and effects that did occur were mild in nature. By the oral route of administration, NOAELsof 350 mg/kg-d (PnB – 13 wk) and 450 mg/kg-d (DPnB – 13 wk) were observed for liver and kidney weightincreases (without accompanying histopathology). LOAELs for these two chemicals were 1000 mg/kg-d (highestdose tested).Dermal repeated-dose toxicity tests have been performed for many PGEs. For PnB, no effects were seen in a 13-wk study at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg-d. A dose of 273 mg/kg-d constituted a LOAEL (increased organweights without histopathology) in a 13-week dermal study for DPnB. For TPM, increased kidney weights (nohistopathology) and transiently decreased body weights were found at a dose of 2,895 mg/kg-d in a 90-daystudy in rabbits. By inhalation, no effects were observed in 2-week studies in rats at the highest testedconcentrations of 3244 mg/m3 (600 ppm) for PnB and 2,010 mg/m3 (260 ppm) for DPnB. TPM caused increased liverweights without histopathology by inhalation in a 2-week study at a LOAEL of 360 mg/m3 (43 ppm). In thisstudy, the highest tested TPM concentration, 1010 mg/m3 (120 ppm), also caused increased liver weightswithout accompanying histopathology. Although no repeated-dose studies are available for the oral route forTPM, or for any route for DPMA, it is anticipated that these chemicals would behave similarly to othercategory members.One and two-generation reproductive toxicity testing has been conducted in mice, rats, and rabbits via theoral or inhalation routes of exposure on PM and PMA. In an inhalation rat study using PM, the NOAEL forparental toxicity is 300 ppm (1106 mg/m3) with decreases in body and organ weights occurring at the LOAEL of1000 ppm (3686 mg/m3). For offspring toxicity the NOAEL is 1000 ppm (3686 mg/m3), with decreased body weights

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occurring at 3000 ppm (11058 mg/m3). For PMA, the NOAEL for parental and offspring toxicity is 1000 mg/kg/d.in a two generation gavage study in rats. No adverse effects were found on reproductive organs, fertilityrates, or other indices commonly monitored in such studies. In addition, there is no evidence fromhistopathological data from repeated-dose studies for the category members that would indicate that thesechemicals would pose a reproductive hazard to human health.In developmental toxicity studies many PGEs have been tested by various routes of exposure and in variousspecies at significant exposure levels and show no frank developmental effects. Due to the rapid hydrolysisof DPMA to DPM, DPMA would not be expected to show teratogenic effects. At high doses where maternal toxicityoccurs (e.g., significant body weight loss), an increased incidence of some anomalies such as delayedskeletal ossification or increased 13th ribs, have been reported. Commercially available PGEs showed noteratogenicity.The weight of the evidence indicates that propylene glycol ethers are not likely to be genotoxic. In vitro,negative results have been seen in a number of assays for PnB, DPnB, DPMA and TPM. Positive results were onlyseen in 3 out of 5 chromosome aberration assays in mammalian cells with DPnB. However, negative results wereseen in a mouse micronucleus assay with DPnB and PM. Thus, there is no evidence to suggest these PGEs wouldbe genotoxic in vivo. In a 2-year bioassay on PM, there were no statistically significant increases in tumorsin rats and mice.

ETHYL ACETATE:TOXICITY IRRITATIONOral (rat) LD50: 5620 mg/kg Eye (human): 400 ppmInhalation (rat) LC50: 1600 ppm/8hInhalation (human) TCLo: 400 ppmInhalation (Human) TCLo: 400 ppm/4hOral (Mouse) LD50: 4100 mg/kgIntraperitoneal (Mouse) LD50: 709 mg/kgOral (Rabbit) LD50: 4935 mg/kgOral (Guinea pig) LD50: 5500 mg/kg

ACETONE:TOXICITY IRRITATIONOral (man) TDLo: 2857 mg/kg Eye (human): 500 ppm - IrritantOral (rat) LD50: 5800 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 3.95 mg - SEVEREInhalation (human) TCLo: 500 ppm Eye (rabbit): 20mg/24hr - ModerateInhalation (man) TCLo: 12000 ppm/4 hr Skin (rabbit):395mg (open) - MildInhalation (man) TCLo: 10 mg/m³/6 hr Skin (rabbit): 500 mg/24hr - MildInhalation (rat) LC50: 50100 mg/m³/8 hrDermal (rabbit) LD50: 20000 mg/kg■ The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skinredness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin.

XYLENE:TOXICITY IRRITATIONOral (human) LDLo: 50 mg/kg Skin (rabbit):500 mg/24h ModerateOral (rat) LD50: 4300 mg/kg Eye (human): 200 ppm IrritantInhalation (human) TCLo: 200 ppm Eye (rabbit): 87 mg MildInhalation (man) LCLo: 10000 ppm/6h Eye (rabbit): 5 mg/24h SEVEREInhalation (rat) LC50: 5000 ppm/4hOral (Human) LD: 50 mg/kgInhalation (Human) TCLo: 200 ppm/4hIntraperitoneal (Rat) LD50: 2459 mg/kgSubcutaneous (Rat) LD50: 1700 mg/kgOral (Mouse) LD50: 2119 mg/kg

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Intraperitoneal (Mouse) LD50: 1548 mg/kgIntravenous (Rabbit) LD: 129 mg/kgInhalation (Guinea pig) LC: 450 ppm/4h■ The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3:

NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing.Reproductive effector in rats

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:■ for petroleum:This product contains benzene which is known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia and n-hexane which has beenshown to metabolize to compounds which are neuropathic.This product contains toluene. There are indications from animal studies that prolonged exposure to highconcentrations of toluene may lead to hearing loss.This product contains ethyl benzene and naphthalene from which there is evidence of tumours in rodentsCarcinogenicity: Inhalation exposure to mice causes liver tumours, which are not considered relevant tohumans. Inhalation exposure to rats causes kidney tumours which are not considered relevant to humans.Mutagenicity: There is a large database of mutagenicity studies on gasoline and gasoline blending streams,which use a wide variety of endpoints and give predominantly negative results. All in vivo studies in animalsand recent studies in exposed humans (e.g. petrol service station attendants) have shown negative results inmutagenicity assays.Reproductive Toxicity: Repeated exposure of pregnant rats to high concentrations of toluene (around orexceeding 1000 ppm) can cause developmental effects, such as lower birth weight and developmentalneurotoxicity, on the foetus. However, in a two-generation reproductive study in rats exposed to gasolinevapour condensate, no adverse effects on the foetus were observed.Human Effects: Prolonged/ repeated contact may cause defatting of the skin which can lead to dermatitis andmay make the skin more susceptible to irritation and penetration by other materials.

Lifetime exposure of rodents to gasoline produces carcinogenicity although the relevance to humans has beenquestioned. Gasoline induces kidney cancer in male rats as a consequence of accumulation of the alpha2-microglobulin protein in hyaline droplets in the male (but not female) rat kidney. Such abnormal accumulationrepresents lysosomal overload and leads to chronic renal tubular cell degeneration, accumulation of celldebris, mineralisation of renal medullary tubules and necrosis. A sustained regenerative proliferation occursin epithelial cells with subsequent neoplastic transformation with continued exposure. The alpha2-microglobulin is produced under the influence of hormonal controls in male rats but not in females and, moreimportantly, not in humans.The material may be irritating to the eye, with prolonged contact causing inflammation. Repeated or prolongedexposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.

ISO-BUTYL METHACRYLATE:TOXICITY IRRITATIONOral (mouse) LD50: 11990 mg/kg Nil ReportedOral (rat) LD50: 6400 mg/kgDermal (guinea pig) LD50: 17700 mg/kgInhalation (None) None: rat ALC 3000 ppm/4h■ Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ceases. This maybe due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occurfollowing exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADSinclude the absence of preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset ofpersistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. Areversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivityon methacholine challenge testing and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia,have also been included in the criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritatinginhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to

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the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that occurs as result ofexposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particulate in nature) and is completelyreversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production.Where no "official" classification for acrylates and methacrylates exists, there has been cautious attemptsto create classifications in the absence of contrary evidence. For exampleMonalkyl or monoarylesters of acrylic acids should be classified as R36/37/38 and R51/53Monoalkyl or monoaryl esters of methacrylic acid should be classified as R36/37/38.For isobutyl methacrylates (i-BMA) and n-butyl methacrylates (n-BMA): These have low levels of toxicityorally, through skin contact or by inhalation. They irritate the skin and eyes. They have not been shown tocause genetic damage or cancer, and there is little concern about them causing developmental toxicity.Based on the available oncogenicity data and without a better understanding of the carcinogenic mechanism theHealth and Environmental Review Division (HERD), Office of Toxic Substances (OTS), of the US EPA previouslyconcluded that all chemicals that contain the acrylate or methacrylate moiety (CH2=CHCOO or CH2=C(CH3)COO)should be considered to be a carcinogenic hazard unless shown otherwise by adequate testing.This position has now been revised and acrylates and methacrylates are no longer de facto carcinogens.Reproductive effector in rats

CARCINOGENxylene International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 3

(IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARCMonographs

REPROTOXINxylene ILO Chemicals in the Reduced fertility or

electronics industry sterilitythat have toxic effectson reproduction

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

ISO-BUTYL METHACRYLATE:ZINC POWDER:■ Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:ISO-BUTYL METHACRYLATE:ZINC POWDER:■ Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below the mean highwater mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment wash-waters.Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste sites.

PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER ACETATE - ISOMERS:ETHYL ACETATE:ACETONE:XYLENE:NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:ISO-BUTYL METHACRYLATE:ZINC POWDER:■ DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

ZINC POWDER:

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Page 23 of 31Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

/53#90zn#90etox1

PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER ACETATE - ISOMERS:■ For Glycol Ethers:Environmental Fate: Several glycol ethers have been shown to biodegrade however; biodegradation slows asmolecular weight increases. No glycol ethers that have been tested demonstrate marked resistance tobiodegradative processes. No glycol ethers that have been tested demonstrate marked resistance tobiodegradative processes.Atmospheric Fate: Upon release to the atmosphere by evaporation, high boiling glycol ethers are estimated toundergo photo-degradation (atmospheric half lives = 2.4-2.5 hr). Aquatic Fate: In water, glycol ethersundergo biodegradation (typically 47-92% after 8-21 days) and have a low potential for bioaccumulation (logKow ranges from -1.73 to +0.51).Ecotoxicity: Tri- and tetra ethylene glycol ethers are "practically non-toxic" to aquatic species. No majordifferences are observed in the order of toxicity going from the methyl- to the butyl ethers. Glycols exert ahigh oxygen demand for decomposition and once released to the environment death of aquatic organisms occursif dissolved oxygen is depleted.For Propylene Glycol Ethers: log Kow's range from 0.309 for TPM to 1.523 for DPnB. Calculated BCFs range from1.47 for DPnB to 3.16 for DPMA and TPM, indicating low bioaccumulation. Henry's Law Constants are low for allcategory members, ranging from 5.7 x 10-9 atm-m3/mole for TPM to 2.7 x10-9 atm-m3/mole for PnB.Environmental Fate: Most are liquids at room temperature and all are water-soluble.Atmospheric Fate: In air, the half-life due to direct reactions with photochemically generated hydroxylradicals, range from 2.0 hours for TPM to 4.6 hours for PnB.Aquatic/Terrestrial Fate: Most propylene glycol ethers are likely to partition roughly equally into the soiland water compartments in the environment with small to negligible amounts remaining in other environmentalcompartments (air, sediment, and aquatic biota). In water, most members of this family are "readilybiodegradable" under aerobic conditions. In soil, biodegradation is rapid for PM and PMA.Ecotoxicity: Propylene glycol ethers are unlikely to persist in the environment. Acute aquatic toxicitytesting indicates low toxicity for both ethers and acetates.

ETHYL ACETATE:

log Kow: 0.66-0.73Half-life (hr) air: 200Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 10Henry's atm m³ /mol: 1.20E-04BOD 5 if unstated: 0.1-1.24,16-36%COD: 1.54,83%ThOD: 1.82

ACETONE:■ For Ketones: Ketones, unless they are alpha, beta--unsaturated ketones, can be considered as narcosis orbaseline toxicity compounds.Aquatic Fate: Hydrolysis of ketones in water is thermodynamically favourable only for low molecular weightketones. Reactions with water are reversible with no permanent change in the structure of the ketonesubstrate. Ketones are stable to water under ambient environmental conditions. When pH levels are greaterthan 10, condensation reactions can occur which produce higher molecular weight products. Under ambientconditions of temperature, pH, and low concentration, these condensation reactions are unfavourable. Based onits reactions in air, it seems likely that ketones undergo photolysis in water.Terrestrial Fate: It is probable that ketones will be biodegraded by micro-organisms in soil and water.Ecotoxicity: Ketones are unlikely to bioconcentrate or biomagnify.For Acetone: log Kow : -0.24;Half-life (hr) air : 312-1896;Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 20;

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Henry's atm m3 /mol : 3.67E-05BOD 5: 0.31-1.76,46-55%COD: 1.12-2.07ThOD: 2.2BCF: 0.69.Environmental Fate: The relatively long half-life allows acetone to be transported long distances from itsemission source.Atmospheric Fate: Acetone preferentially locates in the air compartment when released to the environment. Inair, acetone is lost by photolysis and reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; theestimated half-life of these combined processes is about 22 days. Air Quality Standards: none available.Terrestrial Fate: Very little acetone is expected to reside in soil, biota, or suspended solids and has lowpropensity for soil absorption and a high preference for moving through the soil and into the ground water.Acetone released to soil volatilizes although some may leach into the ground where it rapidly biodegrades.Soil Guidelines: none available.Aquatic Fate: A substantial amount of acetone can also be found in water. Acetone is highly soluble andslightly persistent in water, with a half-life of about 20 hours Drinking Water Standard: none available.Ecotoxicity: Acetone does not concentrate in the food chain, is minimally toxic to aquatic life and isconsidered to be readily biodegradable. Testing shows that acetone exhibits a low order of toxicity for brooktrout, fathead minnow, Japanese quail, ring-neck pheasant and water fleas. Low toxicity for aquaticinvertebrates. For aquatic plants, NOEC: 5400-7500 mg/L. Acetone vapours were shown to be relatively toxic toflour beetle and flour moths and their eggs. The direct application of acetone liquid to the body of theinsects or surface of the eggs did not, however, cause any mortality. The ability of acetone to inhibit cellmultiplication has been examined in a wide variety of microorganisms. Mild to moderate toxicity occurred inbacteria exposed to acetone for 6-4 days however, overall data indicates a low degree of toxicity foracetone. The only exception to these findings was the results obtained with the flagellated protozoa(Entosiphon sulcatum).

XYLENE:■ Harmful to aquatic organisms.For Xylenes:log Koc : 2.05-3.08; Koc : 25.4-204; Half-life (hr) air : 0.24-42; Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 24-672;Half-life (hr) H2O ground : 336-8640; Half-life (hr) soil : 52-672; Henry's Pa m3 /mol : 637-879; Henry's atmm3 /mol - 7.68E-03; BOD 5 if unstated - 1.4,1%; COD - 2.56,13% ThOD - 3.125 : BCF : 23; log BCF : 1.17-2.41.Environmental Fate: Most xylenes released to the environment will occur in the atmosphere and volatilisationis the dominant environmental fate process. Soil - Xylenes are expected to have moderate mobility in soilevaporating rapidly from soil surfaces. The extent of the degradation is expected to depend on itsconcentration, residence time in the soil, the nature of the soil, and whether resident microbial populationshave been acclimated. Xylene can remain below the soil surface for several days and may travel through thesoil profile and enter groundwater. Soil and water microbes may transform it into other, less harmfulcompounds, although this happens slowly. It is not clear how long xylene remains trapped deep underground insoil or groundwater, but it may be months or years.Atmospheric Fate: Xylene evaporates quickly into the air from surface soil and water and can remain in theair for several days until it is broken down by sunlight into other less harmful chemicals. In the ambientatmosphere, xylenes are expected to exist solely in the vapour phase. Xylenes are degraded in the atmospherewith an estimated atmospheric lifetime of about 0.5 to 2 days. Xylene may contribute to photochemical smogformation. p-Xylene has a moderately high photochemical reactivity under smog conditions, higher than theother xylene isomers. The photooxidation of p-xylene results in the production of carbon monoxide,formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-methylbenzylnitrate, m-tolualdehyde, 4-nitro-3-xylene, 5-nitro-3-xylene, 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 6-nitro-2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and4-nitro-2,6-dimethylphenol.Aquatic Fate: p-xylene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water and is expected to volatilisefrom water surfaces. Estimated volatilisation half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4days, respectively. Measurements taken from goldfish, eels and clams indicate that bioconcentration inaquatic organisms is low. Photo-oxidation in the presence of humic acids may play an important role in theabiotic degradation of p-xylene. p-Xylene is biodegradable and has been observed to degrade in pond water

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however; it is unclear if it degrades in surface waters. p-Xylene has been observed to degrade in anaerobicand aerobic groundwater; however, it is known to persist for many years in groundwater, at least at siteswhere the concentration might have been quite high. Ecotoxicity: Xylenes are slightly toxic to fathead minnow,rainbow trout and bluegill and not acutely toxic to water fleas. For Photobacterium phosphoreum EC50 (24 h):0.0084 mg/L. and Gammarus lacustris LC50 (48 h): 0.6 mg/L.

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:■ Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.For n-hexane:log Kow: 3.17-3.94BOD 5 if unstated: 2.21COD: 0.04ThOD: 3.52Environmental fate:Transport and Partitioning: The physical properties of n-hexane that affect its transport and partitioning inthe environment are: water solubility of 9.5 mg/L; log[Kow] (octanol/water partition coefficient), estimatedas 3.29; Henry’s law constant, 1.69 atm-m3 mol; vapor pressure, 150 mm Hg at 25 C; and log[Koc] in the rangeof 2.90 to 3.61. As with many alkanes, experimental methods for the estimation of the Koc parameter arelacking, so that estimates must be made based on theoretical considerations.The dominant transport process from water is volatilization. Based on mathematical models the half-life for n-hexane in bodies of water with any degree of turbulent mixing (e.g., rivers) would be less than 3 hours. Forstanding bodies of water (e.g. small ponds), a half-life no longer than one week (6.8 days) is estimatedBased on the log octanol/water partition coefficient (i.e. log[Koc]) and the estimated log sorptioncoefficient (i.e. log[Koc]) n-hexane is not expected to become concentrated in biota. A calculatedbioconcentration factor (BCF) of 453 for a fathead minnow further suggests a low potential for n-hexane tobioconcentrate or bioaccumulate in trophic food chains.In soil, the dominant transport mechanism for n-hexane present near the surface probably is volatilisation(based on its Henry’s law constant, water solubility, vapor pressure, and Koc). While its estimated Kocvalues suggest a moderate ability to sorb to soil particles, n-hexane has a density (0.6603 g/mL at 20 C)well below that of water and a very low water solubility of 9.5 mg/L. n-Hexane would, therefore, be viewed asa light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL), which would suggest a low potential for leaching into the lower soildepths since the n-hexane would tend to float on the top of the saturated zone of the water table. n-Hexanewould generally stay near the soil surface and, if not appreciably sorbed into the soil matrix, would beexpected eventually to volatilise to the atmosphere. Exceptions would involve locations with shallowgroundwater tables where there were large spills of hexane products. In such cases, the n-hexane could spreadout to contaminant a large volume of soil materials.Air: n-Hexane does not absorb ultraviolet (UV) light at 290 nm and is thus not expected to undergo directphotolysis reactions. The dominant tropospheric removal mechanism for n-hexane is generally regarded to bedecomposition by hydroxyl radicals. Calculations assuming typical hydroxyl radical concentrations suggest ahalf-life of approximately 2.9 days. While n-hexane can react with nitrogen oxides to produce ozoneprecursors under controlled laboratory conditions, the smog-producing potential of n-hexane is very lowcompared to that of other alkanes or chlorinated VOCs. Hydroxyl ion reactions in the upper troposphere,therefore, are probably the primary mechanisms for n-hexane degradation in the atmosphere. As with mostalkanes, n-hexane is resistant to hydrolysisWater: Although few data are available dealing explicitly with the biodegradation of n-hexane in water,neither hydrolysis nor biodegradation in surface waters appears to be rapid compared with volatilization. Insurface waters, as in the atmosphere, alkanes such as n-hexane would be resistant to hydrolysis.Biodegradation is probably the most significant degradation mechanism in groundwater. The ability ofPseudomonas mendocina bacteria to metabolise n-hexane in laboratory microcosms simulating groundwaterconditions has been documented. Mixed bacterial cultures as well as pure cultures are documented as capableof metabolizing n-hexane under aerobic conditions. In general, linear alkanes (such as n-hexane) are viewedas the most readily biodegradable fractions in petroleum , particularly when oxygen is present in solution.Once introduced into groundwater, n-hexane may be fairly persistent since its degradation by chemicalhydrolysis is slow and opportunities for biodegradation may be limited under anoxic conditions or where

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nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus are in limited supply.Sediment and Soil: The most important biodegradation processes involve the conversion of the n-hexane toprimary alcohols, aldehydes and, ultimately, into fatty acids. Similar processes are encountered with otherlight hydrocarbons such as heptane. In general, unless the n-hexane is buried at some depth within a soil orsediment, volatilisation is generally assumed to occur at a much more rapid rate than chemical or biochemicaldegradation processes. Once introduced into deeper sediments, n-hexane may be fairly persistent.Ecotoxicity:Fish LC50 (96 h): Oncorhyncus mykiss 4.14 mg/l; Pimephales promelus 2.5 mg/l (flow through); Lepomismacrochirus 4.12 mg/lDaphnia EC50 (48 h): 3.87 mg/l.

ISO-BUTYL METHACRYLATE:■ for iso-butyl methacrylate (i-BMA)/ n-butyl methacrylate n-BMA):Environmental fate;At room temperature BMA has low water solubility.When released to the environment the majority (95%) of BMA will partition into the atmosphere. In theatmosphere -BMA reacts photochemically with hydroxyl radicals. The atmospheric half-life the atmospheric half-life has been estimated between 5.6 and 7.5 hours. In water BMA is readily biodegradable. A moderatebioaccumulation potential is expected. A half-life of 13 hours for n-BMA and 5.6 hours for i-BMA has beencalculated for volatilisation from a model river. In soil n-BMA is characterised by moderate adsorption,while i-BMA was found to be strongly adsorbed.Ecotoxicity:BMA is of moderate toxicity (EC50 10-100 mg/l) to bacteria, fish, Daphnia. i-BMA had a high toxicity (<0. 1mg/l) towards green algae when tested in a closed system based on a 96 -h NOEC of 0.047 mg/l. The testresults of the algae study indicate that the hazard identified by the growth inhibition observed with i-BMAshould be viewed in light of the reversibility of the effect and the probable volatilisation under openexposure conditions which represent more closely the normal environmental situation. This accounts for thelower toxicity of n-BMA observed in an open test system.Substances containing unsaturated carbons are ubiquitous in indoor environments. They result from manysources (see below). Most are reactive with environmental ozone and many produce stable products which arethought to adversely affect human health.The potential for surfaces in an enclosed space to facilitatereactions should be considered.

Source of unsaturated substances Unsaturated substances (Reactive Major Stable Products producedEmissions) following reaction with ozone.

Occupants (exhaled breath, ski Isoprene, nitric oxide, Methacrolein, methyl vinyloils, personal care products) squalene, unsaturated sterols, ketone, nitrogen dioxide,

oleic acid and other unsaturated acetone, 6MHQ, geranyl acetone,fatty acids, unsaturated 4OPA, formaldehyde, nonanol,oxidation products decanal, 9- oxo- nonanoic acid,

azelaic acid, nonanoic acid.Soft woods, wood flooring, Isoprene, limonene, alpha- Formaldehyde, 4- AMC,including cypress, cedar and pinene, other terpenes and pinoaldehyde, pinic acid,silver fir boards, houseplants sesquiterpenes pinonic acid, formic acid,

methacrolein, methyl vinylketone, SOAs including ultrafineparticles

Carpets and carpet backing 4- Phenylcyclohexene, 4- Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,vinylcyclohexene, styrene, 2- benzaldehyde, hexanal, nonanal,ethylhexyl acrylate, unsaturated 2- nonenalfatty acids and esters

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Linoleum and paints/polishes Linoleic acid, linolenic acid Propanal, hexanal, nonanal, 2-containing linseed oil heptenal, 2- nonenal, 2-

decenal, 1- pentene- 3- one,propionic acid, n- butyric acid

Latex paint Residual monomers FormaldehydeCertain cleaning products, Limonene, alpha- pinene, Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,polishes, waxes, air fresheners terpinolene, alpha- terpineol, glycoaldehyde, formic acid,

linalool, linalyl acetate and acetic acid, hydrogen andother terpenoids, longifolene organic peroxides, acetone,and other sesquiterpenes benzaldehyde, 4- hydroxy- 4-

methyl- 5- hexen- 1- al, 5-ethenyl- dihydro- 5- methyl-2(3H)- furanone, 4- AMC, SOAsincluding ultrafine particles

Natural rubber adhesive Isoprene, terpenes Formaldehyde, methacrolein,methyl vinyl ketone

Photocopier toner, printed Styrene Formaldehyde, benzaldehydepaper, styrene polymersEnvironmental tobacco smoke Styrene, acrolein, nicotine Formaldehyde, benzaldehyde,

hexanal, glyoxal, N-methylformamide,nicotinaldehyde, cotinine

Soiled clothing, fabrics, Squalene, unsaturated sterols, Acetone, geranyl acetone, 6MHO,bedding oleic acid and other saturated 40PA, formaldehyde, nonanal,

fatty acids decanal, 9- oxo- nonanoic acid,azelaic acid, nonanoic acid

Soiled particle filters Unsaturated fatty acids from Formaldehyde, nonanal, and otherplant waxes, leaf litter, and aldehydes; azelaic acid;other vegetative debris; soot; nonanoic acid; 9- oxo- nonanoicdiesel particles acid and other oxo- acids;

compounds with mixed functionalgroups (=O, - OH, and - COOH)

Ventilation ducts and duct Unsaturated fatty acids and C5 to C10 aldehydesliners esters, unsaturated oils,

neoprene" Urban grime" Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Oxidized polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbonsPerfumes, colognes, essential Limonene, alpha- pinene, Formaldehyde, 4- AMC, acetone,oils (e.g. lavender, eucalyptus, linalool, linalyl acetate, 4- hydroxy- 4- methyl- 5- hexen-tea tree) terpinene- 4- ol, gamma- 1- al, 5- ethenyl- dihydro- 5-

terpinene methyl- 2(3H) furanone, SOAsincluding ultrafine particles

Overall home emissions Limonene, alpha- pinene, styrene Formaldehyde, 4- AMC,pinonaldehyde, acetone, pinicacid, pinonic acid, formic acid,benzaldehyde, SOAs includingultrafine particles

Abbreviations: 4-AMC, 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene; 6MHQ, 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one, 4OPA, 4-oxopentanal, SOA,Secondary Organic AerosolsReference: Charles J Weschler; Environmental Helath Perspectives, Vol 114, October 2006.For AcrylatesEcotoxicity - Compounds with a log Pow >5 cause drowsiness or stupor, but at lower log Pow the toxicity ofacrylates is greater than predicted for simple narcotics.

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Atmospheric Fate: Volatilized acrylic acid and acrylic esters are predicted to degrade rapidly byatmospheric photo-oxidation with estimated half-lives of 2 to 24 h.Terrestrial Fate: Acrylic acid biodegrades aerobically in soil. The mobility in soil of acrylic acid and itsesters ranged from ‘medium' to ‘very high'. Acrylic acid degrades rapidly to carbon dioxide in soil.Aquatic Fate: If released to surface water, acrylic acid and the acrylic esters be rapidly biodegraded whilea portion would volatilize to the air.Ecotoxicity: The acute toxicity of acrylic acid to fish and invertebrates ranged from ‘slightly' toxic to‘practically non-toxic'. The acute toxicity of the acrylic esters was ‘moderately' toxic. Acetone is notacutely toxic to fish, invertebrates or water fleas. Effects on algae of these compounds could not be judgedfrom static tests due to the extensive biodegradation and volatilization that occurred during the tests.Overall these studies show that acrylic acid and the acrylic esters studied can rapidly biodegrade, have alow potential for persistence or bioaccumulation in the environment, and have low to moderate toxicity.Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 5.62-100BCF: 62Fish LC50 (48 h): 3.3 mg/L

EcotoxicityIngredient Persistence: Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility

Water/Soilzinc powder No Data No Data LOW

Available Availablepropylene glycol monoethyl ether No Data No Dataacetate - isomers Available Availableethyl acetate LOW HIGH LOW HIGHacetone LOW HIGH LOW HIGHxylene LOW LOW LOWnaphtha petroleum, light, No Data No Datahydrotreated Available Availableiso- butyl methacrylate LOW No Data LOW HIGH

Available

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

• DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains.• It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.• In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first.• Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.• Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal.• Discharge contents of damaged aerosol cans at an approved site.• Allow small quantities to evaporate.• DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.• Bury residues and emptied aerosol cans at an approved site.

Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

continued...



Page 29 of 31Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

Labels Required: FLAMMABLE GAS

HAZCHEM: 2YE (ADG7)

Land Transport UNDG:Class or division 2.1 Subsidiary risk: NoneUN No.: 1950 UN packing group: NoneShipping Name:AEROSOLS

Air Transport IATA:ICAO/IATA Class: 2.1 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: ̶UN/ID Number: 1950 Packing Group: -Special provisions: A145Cargo OnlyPacking Instructions: 203 Maximum Qty/Pack: 150 kgPassenger and Cargo Passenger and CargoPacking Instructions: 203 Maximum Qty/Pack: 75 kgPassenger and Cargo Limited Quantity Passenger and Cargo Limited QuantityPacking Instructions: Y203 Maximum Qty/Pack: 30 kg G

Shipping Name: AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLE

Maritime Transport IMDG:IMDG Class: 2 IMDG Subrisk: SP63UN Number: 1950 Packing Group: NoneEMS Number: F-D,S-U Special provisions: 63 190 277 327 344 959Limited Quantities: See SP277 Marine Pollutant: YesShipping Name: AEROSOLS

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

POISONS SCHEDULE None

REGULATIONS

RRegulations for ingredients

zinc powder (CAS: 7440-66-6) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Ambient environmental standards (AQUA/1 to 6 - inorganic chemicals)","Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Ambient environmental standards (Domestic water supply - inorganic chemicals)","Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Ambient environmental standards (IRRIG - inorganic chemicals)","Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection

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Page 30 of 31Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

Regulation: Ambient environmental standards (STOCK - inorganic chemicals)","Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Pollutants entering waterways taken to cause environmental harm (Aquatic habitat)","Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Pollutants entering waterways taken to cause environmental harm (IRRIG)","Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Pollutants entering waterways - Agricultural uses (Stock)","Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Pollutants entering waterways - Domestic water quality","Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Chemicals for which guideline values have not been established"

ethyl acetate (CAS: 141-78-6) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Australia Exposure Standards","Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","Australia National Pollutant Inventory","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Survey: Transparency List"

acetone (CAS: 67-64-1) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Australia Exposure Standards","Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Illicit Drug Reagents/Essential Chemicals - Category III","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","Australia National Pollutant Inventory","Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP) - Appendix E (Part 2)","Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP) - Appendix F (Part 3)","Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP) - Schedule 5","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 18: List of products to which the Code does not apply","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances","International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Survey: Transparency List"

xylene (CAS: 1330-20-7) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List"

naphtha petroleum, light, hydrotreated (CAS: 64742-49-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List"

iso-butyl methacrylate (CAS: 97-86-9) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Australia Dangerous Goods Code (ADG Code) - Goods Too Dangerous To Be Transported","Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List"

No data for Theo Forch Zinc Spray Bright L244 400 ml (CW: 23-4131)No data for propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate - isomers (CAS: , 98516-30-4)

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Page 31 of 31

Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GUIDELINESIngredient ORG UF Endpoint CR Adeq TLVxylene 1.5 mg/m3 10 D NA -■ These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment and should not beconstrued as unequivocally safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time-weighted average unless specifiedotherwise.CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor:TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health:LOD: Limit of detectionToxic endpoints have also been identified as:D = Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogenJankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational ReproductiveAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996).

■ Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at: www.chemwatch.net/references.

■ The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.

This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review orcriticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without writtenpermission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.

Issue Date: 21-Apr-2010Print Date: 14-Nov-2011

This is the end of the MSDS.

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