The Yalta Conference Simulation

Background

The Grand Alliance of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union during World War II resulted not from a natural affinity or shared worldview, but from their mutual antipathy for the Axis powers.Tensions resulting from the political, social, and economic incompatibility of capitalism and communism were accentuated by mistrust based on previous events.

Differences Between Capitalism and Communism

• Capitalism vs. Communism

Why the Soviet Union distrusted the U.S. …

• During WWI, and the Russian Revolution, the U.S. and Britain sent troops to Russia to defeat the Bolshevik Revolutionaries, and their socialistic ideas that led to communism.

• During the 1930s, the U.S. largely ignored the concerns of the Soviet Union about the rise of Nazi Germany and Japan as the U.S. went through the Great Depression

Why the U.S. distrusted the Soviet Union…

• The Soviet Union signed a pact with Germany to split Poland in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of WWII.

• The Soviet Union also opportunistically annexed other countries along the Baltic Sea during that time.

Despite that distrust…

…the animosity and distrust between the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union was mitigated by their mutual need to defeat Germany, Italy, and Japan. The open antagonism was temporarily subsumed to facilitate joint military operations.

The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union held a trio of conferences during the second half of the war: (1) the first was at Tehran, Iran in late November and

early December 1943; (2) the second was hosted at Yalta, the Crimea, in

Soviet Ukraine, in early February 1945; (3) the final conference was held in Potsdam, in

occupied Germany, during late July and early August 1945.

• The previous disputes and competitions openly reemerged among the leaders during the second and third conferences.

• For purposes of this history simulation, the focus will be the second conference at Yalta.

• Divide into groups of 6. (There can be that are smaller but there must be at least 3 in the group.)

You are diplomats at Yalta!

• 2 people represent Great Britain• 2 people represent the United States• 2 people represent the Soviet Union

• Teacher distribute negotiation handouts to the groups. (The “short term and long term achievement” handouts should only be seen by the diplomats that represent the country on the paper).

This is a competition in your group!

• Once you have your agreement, the country in your group that has the most points is the WINNER.

• This is NOT majority rules. ALL three groups must sign off on the agreement.

• You all lose if you can’t come to an agreement. (As things would have fallen apart among the Allies at the point of the war where working together was most critical)

Private Meeting(5 minutes)

• Representatives from each country get together and decide which goals you will argue more forcefully and which you will be more willing to concede.

Negotiation (30 minutes)

• Negotiate between the three countries for a settlement.

• When you have created an agreement and signed it, all three sides add up their points total that they achieved during the simulation.

How did it go?

• Each team report their scores, and one lesson learned from the negotiation.

Actual Agreements at YaltaThe actual agreements initially negotiated at Yalta included the following:1. Bring all war criminals to just and swift punishment.2. Jointly occupy and administer Germany by establishing occupation zones.3. Establish the United Nations with each major power having veto power.4. The major powers are United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China.5. The Soviets keep the territory that they had acquired in 1939–40.6. Establish democratic Eastern European governments that are friendly to the Soviets.7. Soviet Union will declare war on Japan, ninety days after VE day. Notably, no agreement was made concerning war reparations or European empires.