1BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

The WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme

Leonard BarrieChief, Environment Division, AREP

LBarrie@wmo.intand

Dušan HrčekWMO Representative for Europe

DHrcek@wmo.intFor website Google “GAW”

2BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Contents

WMO GAW ProgrammeGAW in the framework of GEOSS and IGACORecommended GAW monitoring themesBEO Moussala, a potential GAW station

3BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

GAW: What is it?

The Global Atmosphere Watch programme of WMO

Established in 1989 by merging the Global Ozone Observing System (GO3OS) and Background Monitoring of Air Pollution (BAPMoN) programmes

Coordinated by the Environment Division of WMO’s Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) department under the Commission for Atmospheric Science (CAS) and its Working Group on Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry.

4BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

The GAW Mission

Systematic Global Monitoring Of Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere.

Analysis and Assessment in Support of

International Conventions.

Development Of Air Pollution and Climate Predictive Capability

5BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

MotivationBetter Understanding of:

Climate, Climate Change and Climate Prediction

Improved Weather Forecasting: By Including Aerosols, Ozone and Reactive Gas Observations

Air Pollution Forecasting, Effects, Long Range Transport and Deposition

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Surface UV Enhancement: Are Halocarbon controls working?

Oxidizing Power:The Atmosphere As A Waste Processor

GAW Monitoring ComponentsSCIENTIFIC ADVISORY

GROUPS:AEROSOL OZONE GHGs

PRECIP-CHEM UVREACTIVE GASES

QUALITY ASSURANCE-SCIENCE ACTIVITY CENTRES

WCCs, RCCs, Projects

CENTRALCALIBRATION LABORATORIES

(World Reference Standard)

GAW STATIONS & GAWSIS

Global Regional

GAW WORLD DATA CENTRES:OZONE/UV GHGs(& Related Gases) AEROSOL PRECIP-CHEM

RADIATION

Analysis

TwinningWorkshops

Calibration, Training Site Visits, Comparisons

SynthesisIGACO

ContributingNetworks

SatelliteObservations

CAS/WG Environmental Pollution

And Atmospheric Chemistry(EPAC)

WMO/GAW Secretariat

AREP

40

0

South Pole

Point Barrow

Mauna Loa

Alert

Pallas-Sodankylä

MinamitorishimaKenya

Assekrem -Tamanrasset

Arembepe

Ushuaia

Izana

Amsterdam IslandCape Grim

Cape Point

Samoa

Ny Ålesund

Lauder

Mace Head

40

80

40

0

40

80

160 80 0 80 160

March 2005

Zugspitze-Hohenpeissenberg

Mt Waliguan

Neumayer Station

Bukit Koto Tabang

Jungfraujoch

GLOBAL STATIONS IN GAW

GAW GLOBAL TOTAL COLUMN OZONE NETWORK: 2001- 2004Stations Submitting Data

The symbols represent different instrument types.

Compliments of WOUDC, MSC, Toronto {Ed Hare Manager}.

9BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Central Calibration Laboratories{Hosts of WMO World Reference Standards}

CO2, CH4, N2O, CO NOAA CMDL USATotal Ozone NOAA CMDL USA Dobson

MSC, Canada Brewer MGO, Russia M124

Ozone Sondes FZ-Juelich, GermanyIn Situ Ozone NIST USAAerosol Optical Depth WORCC, Davos, CH

World or Regional Calibration Centres{Linking Observations to World Reference Standards and Ensuring Network Comparability}

Total Ozone 6 Regional Dobson Centres1 Regional EU Brewer Centre1 Brewer travelling standard

Ozone Sondes FZ-Julich, Germany In Situ O3, CO, CH4 EMPA, Switzerland CO2, CH4, N2O NOAA CMDL USAN2O, VOC IMK-IFU Garmisch GermanyAerosol Optical Depth WORCC, Davos, CHAerosol physical IFT, Leipzig, GermanyPrecip. Chemistry SUNY Albany USA

Objectives:1. To ensure accurate, comprehensive global

observations of key atmospheric gases and aerosols;

2. To establish a system for integrating ground-based, in situ and satellite observations using atmospheric models;

3. To make the integrated observations accessible to users.

Lbarrie@wmo.intJoerg.Langen@esa.int

An international process:

Panel of 19 experts from 12 countries and independent reviewers from 7 countries.

Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observation (IGACO) System

SatelliteObservations

Aircraft

Ground-based

IGACO System

Links to:

Space agencies, WCRP, GCOS, IGBP, IGOS themes

An IGOS theme implemented by WMO

NO2

Products

GCOS

A Hierarchy OfConventions, Strategies, Systems, Programmes, Networks,

Related To Systematic Atmospheric Chemistry Observations

GEOSSGMES

WMO/GAW & PARTNERS

e.g. EMEP, AERONET, NDSC, SHADOZ

WMO

VIENNA OZONECONVENTION

UN-ECELRTAP CONVENTION

UN-FRAMEWORKCONVENTION ON CC

IDEALLY:

THE WIDTH OF THE TRIANGLE REPRESENTS

THE LEVEL OF RESOURCES APPLIED

IGOS

IGCOIGACO

CEOS

AIR-CHEM SAT. AIR-CHEM AIRCRAFT

13BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

GROUP ON EARTH OBSERVATIONS(GEO)

58 Countries and EC43 International Organizations PlenaryExecutive CommitteeSecretariat4 Standing Committees

14BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

GEOSS

15BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS): - 9 societal benefit areas Climate Change:- Post-Kyoto Strategy (>2012): scenarios, mitigation and adaptation strategies, scientific knowledge

Sustainable Development/Johannesburg process:- Sustainability impact assessment, integration of SD into management of land use and natural resources, modelling, externalities and thresholds

Environmental technologies: Technology platformsEcosystems and biodiversity: - Millennium Ecosystem AssessmentEnvironmental EU Policies: Water, Soil, Marine Pollution, Urban Environment, Civil Protection, Habitats

Policy drivers for EU Environment Research in FP6Policy drivers for EU Environment Research in FP6

16BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Contributions Contributions ofof Europe to Europe to GEOSS GEOSS implementationimplementation (1)(1)

The goals of the GEO initiative are highly relevant to EU policiesin the areas of environment, sustainable development, research, external relations, which call for a strong European knowledge-based economy.Therefore Europe strongly supports the implementation of GEOSS through:

- EU research activities (Environment, ICT, Space Programmes)supporting in FP6 and even more in FP7 the implementation of GEOSS in the different societal benefit areas; -> Several running FP6 projects already address GEO;-> 4th FP6 call on Environment RTD explicitly asking for contributions

to GEOSS in several topics closes on 3 Nov. 2005;-> Financial contribution for the operation of the GEO Secretariat;-> FP7 will address contributions to GEOSS Implementation;

17BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Contributions Contributions ofof Europe to Europe to GEOSS GEOSS implementationimplementation (2)(2)

- The ‘Global Monitoring for Environment and Security’ (GMES) initiative, developing user-driven, operational, environmental monitoring services based on integrated EO data;-> The observation component of GMES will constitute a major

European contribution to GEOSS- The 'INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe' (INSPIRE)initiative, aiming to make relevant, harmonised and quality geographic information available;-> INSPIRE will be a major European contribution to the GEOSS

data management system- Data and information products from many regional and national European Earth observation networks(e.g. in situ and remote sensing observation networks by NMHSS)

18BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

- Signed by former EC Research Comm. Busquin and by former WMO SecGen Obasi on 18 December 2003;

- Specifies areas of common interest and cooperation as well as priorities for action;

- Areas of cooperation include R+D, Policy development, Earth Observation, Global Change, Stratospheric ozone depletion, Supporting international conventions, Natural Hazards, Transport, Water resources, Urban environment, Air and water quality, Environment and health, Sustainable ecosystem management, Drought and desertification, Capacity building, Technology transfer, Education and training, Transfer of staff;

- Meeting of WMO SecGen Jarraud with EC Research Comm. Potocnik and Development Comm. Michel on 19 July 2005 in Brussels to discuss enhancing and strengthening of cooperation;

Memorandum of Understanding between Memorandum of Understanding between EC and WMOEC and WMO

19BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

10 CHALLENGES TO GAW: 1 of 2

1. Maintaining long term measurements of quality in the current network

2. Establishing long term measurements of quality to improve global coverage, particularly in countries that are developing or in transition.

3. Developing collaboration between NHMSs and the chemical measurement community in some countries

4. Calibration, quality assurance and standard operating procedures: costly and not high profile but essential

5. Working with contributing partners that have networks as substantive as GAW to build a global network.

20BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

6. Developing World Data Centres that are comprehensive global repositories for high quality global observations of targeted GAW species.

7. Development of GAWSIS so that the GAW global network is accurately known.

8. Building a global aerosol monitoring network and integrated data analysis system in partnership with other organizations including satellite agencies.

9. Implementing with partners a Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations (IGACO)

10. Continue to build air quality management capacity in countries with mega-city air pollution problems.

10 CHALLENGES TO GAW: 2 of 2

The sites of the EC project EUSAAR

Name of Infrastructure

Aerosol chemical composition (inorganic)

Aerosol chemical composition

(organic)

Aerosol mass

Aerosol optical depth

Light scattering coefficient

Absorption coefficient

Aerosol vertical distribution

Aerosol size distribution (10-500 nm)

Puy de Dôme √ ⊕ √ √ √ √ √

Junfraujoch1,2,

5 √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Aspvreten1 √ √ √ √ √

JRC-Ispra1,2,3 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Cabauw3,4 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Melpitz1,3 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Zeppelin1,2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Birkenes1 √ √ √ √

Mt. Cimone2 √ √ √ ⊕ √ ⊕

Hyytiälä √ ⊕ √ √ √

Mace Head2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Finokalia √ ⊕ √ √ √ √

Pallas1,2 √ √ √ √ √ √

K-puszta1 √ √ √ √ √ ⊕

Kosetice1 √ √ √ ⊕

BEO Moussala √ √ √ ⊕

Harwell √ √ √ √ √

Preila1 √ √ √ √

Vavihill1 √ √ √ √ √

Montseny √ √

23BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Monitoring ThemesStratospheric OzoneTropospheric OzoneUV RadiationGreenhouse Gases (CO2, CH4, N2O)Synthetic Greenhouse Gases(CFCs, SF6 etc)Aerosols (optical, chemical, physical)Reactive Gases (CO, VOC, NOy, SO2)Precipitation Chemistry(Natural Radionuclides, Rn222, Be7, 14CO)

24BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Objective for the GAW Aerosol Programme

To determine the spatio-temporal distribution of aerosol properties related to climate forcing and air quality up to multidecadaltime scales

25BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

Aerosol recommended by the SAG Aerosol(in bold: core parameters)

•Continuously:- Multiwavelength optical depth- Mass in two size fractions- Major chemical components in two size fractions- Light absorption coefficient - Light scattering coefficient at various wavelengths- Scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficient - Aerosol number concentration- Cloud condensation nuclei at 0.5% supersaturation- Diffuse, global and direct solar radiation

• Intermittently:- Aerosol size distribution- Detailed size fractionated chemical composition- Dependence on relative humidity- CCN spectra (various supersaturations)- Vertical distribution of aerosol properties

26BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

The guidelines for aerosol measurements (WMO/GAW Report No. 153 (2003)

can be downloaded from the WMO website at

http://netra1.wmo.ch/web/arep/gaw/publications.html

27BEOBAL Workshop Bulgaria 23-25 October 2005

THANK YOU

WMO