The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328


ISSUE 1 The succession problem in Scotland

Sub issue 1 The problems caused by the death of Alexander III

Sub issue 2 The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward.

Sub issue 3 Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause



Learning Intention:We are developing our knowledge and understanding of the succession problem in Scotland after the death of Alexander III in 1286

Success Criteria: I can put the main events of the succession problem in

chronological order

I can describe the events of the succession problem using my timeline

I can give a basic overview of events from recall



Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92

Activity 1: Timeline of Events (70 minutes)

In order to understand the chronology you are going to create an accurate, detailed and imaginative timeline that will help you to understand the issue.

This timeline should include:

•The Death of Alexander III (March 1286)

•The Parliament of Scone (April 1286)

•The Treaty of Salisbury (1289)

•Treaty of Birgham (July 1290)

•The Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway (September 1290)

•Edward’s Court at Norham (1291-92)

•The Great Cause (1291-92)

•Edward’s decision (November 1292)

ISSUE 1: The succession problem in Scotland

The Death of

Alexander III

March 1286

Alexander III fell from his horse

while travelling to meet his new wife at Kinghorn. He died without an

obvious heir as his children had all

died before him.

The Parliament of Scone

April 1286

Timeline of the Succession Problem in Scotland 1286-92

The Treaty of Salisbury

1289

Treaty of Birgham

July 1290

The Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway

September 1290

Community of the Realm elected: 2

Earls, 2 Bishops and 2 Barons, six men given the title of

Guardians of Scotland. They

would rule Scotland in Margaret’s (Maid

of Norway) name until she was old

enough.










Activity 2: Presentation to Class of Timeline (30 minutes)

To ensure that you have a thorough understanding of events each person in the class will present their timeline to another member of the class. You will present your presentation 4 times to different people. (12 minutes of presenting and 12 of listening). Ensure that you cover all the major events.






•The Death of Margaret, Maid of

Norway (September 1290)





Success Criteria: I can identify the main protagonists of the Succession problem

I can explain their significance in the succession problem



Key Figures of the Succession Problem

Alexander IIIMargaret, Maid of NorwayEdward IThe Scottish clergyBishop William FraserRobert Bruce the CompetitorJohn BalliolJohn of Hastings

You are going to create a “who’s who” of the Succession problem


The Scottish clergy

Alexander IIIMargaret, Maid of Norway

Key Figures of the Succession Problem

Edward IBishop William Fraser

Robert Bruce,the Competitor

John BalliolJohn of Hastings

ISSUE 1 The succession problem in Scotland

Sub issue 1 The problems caused by the death of Alexander III






Success Criteria: I can identify the problems caused by the death of Alexander

III in 1286.

I can identify the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290.



Sub issue 1:

The problems caused by the death of Alexander III

p. 9-10 Pink Booklet

p. 6-12 Textbook

You are being asked to identify the problems caused by Alexander III’s death and the death of the Maid of Norway.

ON YOUR OWN TAKE 25 MINUTES TO RECORD NOTES

1.Explain the problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286.

2.Explain the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290.



Sub issue 1:

The problems caused by the death of Alexander III

Create a group response to these questions:

•Explain the problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286.•Explain the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290.

Ensure that you have evaluated your evidence for:

1.Accuracy

2.Relevance



RELEVANCY ROUND•Explain the problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286.•Explain the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290.

You are going to ensure that you create a group response that is relevant and accurate.

You are going to evaluate each others notes on the 2 questions above.

ROLES IN GROUP:

1.Responder- Person who gives a point from their notes to be evaluated by the group

2.Rephraser- Person who clarifies the point made by the responder, ensures the group understands the point made

3.Rater- Person who asks group members to decide and vote if it should be included





Problems caused by the death of

Alexander III in 1286

GROUP RESPONSE SHEET



Problems caused by the death of

Alexander III in 1286


Fear of Civil war between Bruce and Balliol factions

Margaret, Maid of Norway, chosen as queen but she is a child and a female

Guardians had to be chosen carefully to rule Scotland in Margaret's name until she was old enough-she could be overthrown or kidnapped easily

A suitable husband had to be found for the Margaret

Scots Nobles initially failed to agree on heir to the throne despite twice meeting at Scone

Alexander III children had died before him leaving no clear heir to the throne



Problems caused by the death of the

Maid in 1290




Problems caused by the death of the

Maid in 1290


Fear of Civil war between Bruce and Balliol factions arises once again

Treaty of Birgham, with all its guarantees for Scottish sovereignty and independence is null and void

There is no clear and apparent heir to the throne of the KingdomNeed for someone powerful to keep

the Scottish nobles in check and decide upon new King, Edward demanded overlordship to adjudicate on succession




•Maid of Norway died on reaching Orkney causing the succession crisis. •Bishop Fraser believes that Edward should come to an understanding with Balliol, and this is the only way to avoid civil war. •The Earls of Mar and Atholl were collecting their army, which further led to fear of civil war. •Scots were looking for Edward I to arbitrate between the two competitors. •Fear that the guardianship would collapse. •Alexander had had a good working relationship with Edward I of England. •Edward I had a reputation as a statesman. •Fraser’s letter led to a reaction from the Bruce faction: letter of the seven earls. •Balliol was also manoeuvring for the crown, he had established a close relationship with Bishop Bek, Edward’s chief representative in Scotland. •Desire of Edward to revive English claims of overlordship. •The majority of Scots looked kindly on Edward’s intervention, at least at the beginning.




1.Read through the reasons given for the Scots’ appeal to Edward I

2.THINK

3.Rank them individually in order of importance

5 minutes




1. Starting with number 3, SHARE your top 3 answers with an explanation of how you came to this conclusion

2. Come to a group consensus on the top 3- Number 3 will lead this.

3. Record your top 3 with an explanation of why you think this is important as a reason for the Scots’ appeal to Edward

4. Do the same again starting with number 4 (number 4 leading the discussion too!) for your next 3 reasons.




1. Name Malcolm the IV’s 2 brothers.

2. Name David the Earl of Huntingdon’s 3 daughters.

3. What relationship was Margaret the Maid of Norway to Alexander III?

4. What relationship was John Balliol to David the Earl of Huntingdon?

5. What relationship was Robert Bruce to David the Earl of Huntingdon?

6. Who was the rightful king after the death of the Maid of Norway?

7. Explain why you came to this answer.


P.14-16 Textbook

P.11-12 Pink Booklet

Describe in detail Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause.

10 marks

Thinks to include:

Reasons behind appeal to Edward

Edward’s demands at Norham

Details of the Great Cause and the competitors

The reasons behind Edward’s decision



Contextualisation Questions

How fully...?How far...?

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTEXTUALISATION

QUESTIONS


QUESTIONS


QUESTIONS


QUESTIONSWhat does this mean?

The question is looking to see how much you know about an Issue or Sub Issue

You need to have 10 separate points in ten separate sentence to gain full marks (10/10).

Up to 4 of the 10 marks can come from the source.

Up to 7 of the 10 can come from recalled knowledge.

Recall marks will be given for:

1.Developing points in the source2.New points

All points must be developed in terms of the question. You cannot have random recall or information from the source.

HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS

HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS

Contextualisation questions write upContextualisation questions write up

FROM THE SOURCE

The source illustrates the growth of resistance to Edward by stating that Andrew de Moray raised his standard at Avoch beginning the Northern Rebellion in 1296 against English domination.

The source further illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward as it states that people in the north such as tenants of Andrew de Moray and citizens of Inverness joined Moray in the Northern rebellion.

The source further illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance as it states that the Scots used their local knowledge of the ground to ambush superior English forces which shows the Scots resisting English rule by force in the North.

Finally, the source illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward I by informing us of the capture of numerous castles in the north of Scotland by Moray and his followers which shows that resistance had grown considerably to English rule and that the Scots had considerable forces at their disposal.

Contextualisation questions write upContextualisation questions write up

FROM RECALL

However, the source fails to illustrate fully the growth of resistance to Edward I between 1296 and 1297. It fails to mention that leading Scots nobles rebelled against Edward but eventually capitulated at Irvine.

The source also fails to mention the pinnacle of Scottish resistance to Edward in 1297 which was the battle of Stirling Bridge where Scots forces led by Wallace and Murray (De Moray) routed the English and won a famous victory.



The source illustrates the succession problem in Scotland as it states how after Alexander’s death in 1286, without an obvious heir, there was no King of Scots for 6 years until John Balliol was chosen by Edward I.

The source further illustrates the succession problem as it states how guardians had to be elected from the church and nobility to rule in the absence of a king after Alexander’s death.

The source illustrates the succession problem in Scotland as it tells us that Margaret, Maid of Norway, was the lawful heir to the throne as she was Alexander’s sole surviving grandchild-his children having all died before him.



Self and Peer Assessment

2 colours-

One for your self assessment and another for marking your peers work

REMEMBER: up to 4 marks for points from the source that are relevant and worded in terms of the question

Up to 7 marks for points from recall that are relevant and worded in terms of the question


Test your recall:

You have 45 seconds to record in bullet points the information you can remember on each event.










Documents

The Wars of Independence 1286-1328